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Cheung SWY, Chamley LW, Barrett CJ, Lau SYS. Extracellular vesicles and their effect on vascular haemodynamics: a systematic review. Hypertens Res 2024; 47:1588-1606. [PMID: 38600279 PMCID: PMC11150158 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-024-01659-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are released from all cell types studied to date and act as intercellular communicators containing proteins, nucleic acids and lipid cargos. They have been shown to be involved in maintaining homoeostasis as well as playing a role in the development of pathology including hypertension and cardiovascular disease. It is estimated that there is 109-1010 circulating EVs/mL in the plasma of healthy individuals derived from various sources. While the effect of EVs on vascular haemodynamic parameters will be dependent on the details of the model studied, we systematically searched and summarized current literature to find patterns in how exogenously injected EVs affected vascular haemodynamics. Under homoeostatic conditions, evidence from wire and pressure myography data demonstrate that injecting isolated EVs derived from cell types found in blood and blood vessels resulted in the impairment of vasodilation in blood vessels ex vivo. Impaired vasodilation was also observed in rodents receiving intravenous injections of human plasma EVs from cardiovascular diseases including valvular heart disease, acute coronary syndrome, myocardial infarction and end stage renal disease. When EVs were derived from models of metabolic syndromes, such as diabetes, these EVs enhanced vasoconstriction responses in blood vessels ex vivo. There were fewer publications that assessed the effect of EVs in anaesthetised or conscious animals to confirm whether effects on the vasculature observed in ex vivo studies translated into alterations in vascular haemodynamics in vivo. In the available conscious animal studies, the in vivo data did not always align with the ex vivo data. This highlights the importance of in vivo work to determine the effects of EVs on the integrative vascular haemodynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon W Y Cheung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Lawrence W Chamley
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Hub for Extracellular Vesicle Investigations, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Carolyn J Barrett
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sien Yee S Lau
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
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2
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Barnes MVC, Pantazi P, Holder B. Circulating extracellular vesicles in healthy and pathological pregnancies: A scoping review of methodology, rigour and results. J Extracell Vesicles 2023; 12:e12377. [PMID: 37974377 PMCID: PMC10654380 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a crucial role in pregnancy, revealed by the presence of placental-derived EVs in maternal blood, their in vitro functionality, and their altered cargo in pregnancy pathologies. These EVs are thought to be involved in the development of pregnancy pathologies, such as pre-eclampsia, pre-term birth, and fetal growth restriction, and have been suggested as a source of biomarkers for gestational diseases. However, to accurately interpret their function and biomarker potential, it is necessary to critically evaluate the EV isolation and characterization methodologies used in pregnant cohorts. In this systematic scoping review, we collated the results from 152 studies that have investigated EVs in the blood of pregnant women, and provide a detailed analysis of the EV isolation and characterization methodologies used. Our findings indicate an overall increase in EV concentrations in pregnant compared to non-pregnant individuals, an increased EV count as gestation progresses, and an increased EV count in some pregnancy pathologies. We highlight the need for improved standardization of methodology, greater focus on gestational changes in EV concentrations, and further investigations into the functionality of EVs. Our review suggests that EVs hold great promise as diagnostic and translational tools for gestational diseases. However, to fully realize their potential, it is crucial to improve the standardization and reliability of EV isolation and characterization methodologies, and to gain a better understanding of their functional roles in pregnancy pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan V. C. Barnes
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Department of MetabolismDigestion and Reproduction, Imperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Paschalia Pantazi
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Department of MetabolismDigestion and Reproduction, Imperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Beth Holder
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Department of MetabolismDigestion and Reproduction, Imperial College LondonLondonUK
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3
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Paul N, Sultana Z, Fisher JJ, Maiti K, Smith R. Extracellular vesicles- crucial players in human pregnancy. Placenta 2023; 140:30-38. [PMID: 37531747 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2023.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid-bilayer enclosed membrane vesicles released by cells in physiological and pathological states. EVs are generated and released through a variety of pathways and mediate cellular communication by carrying and transferring signals to recipient cells. EVs are specifically loaded with proteins, nucleic acids (RNAs and DNA), enzymes and lipids, and carry a range of surface proteins and adhesion molecules. EVs contribute to intercellular signalling, development, metabolism, tissue homeostasis, antigen presentation, gene expression and immune regulation. EVs have been categorised into three different subgroups based on their size: exosomes (30-150 nm), microvesicles (100-1000 nm) and apoptotic bodies (1-5 μm). The status of the cells of origin of EVs influences their biology, heterogeneity and functions. EVs, especially exosomes, have been studied for their potential roles in feto-maternal communication and impacts on normal pregnancy and pregnancy disorders. This review presents an overview of EVs, emphasising exosomes and microvesicles in a general context, and then focusing on the roles of EVs in human pregnancy and their potential as diagnostics for adverse pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilanjana Paul
- Mothers and Babies Research Centre, Hunter Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, 2305, Australia.
| | - Zakia Sultana
- Mothers and Babies Research Centre, Hunter Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, 2305, Australia.
| | - Joshua J Fisher
- Mothers and Babies Research Centre, Hunter Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, 2305, Australia.
| | | | - Roger Smith
- Mothers and Babies Research Centre, Hunter Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, 2305, Australia.
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4
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Clemente L, Bird IM. The epidermal growth factor receptor in healthy pregnancy and preeclampsia. J Mol Endocrinol 2023; 70:e220105. [PMID: 36197759 PMCID: PMC9742168 DOI: 10.1530/jme-22-0105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is expressed robustly in the placenta, and critical processes of pregnancy such as placental growth and trophoblast fusion are dependent on EGFR function. However, the role that aberrant EGFR signaling might play in the etiology and/or maintenance of preeclampsia (PE) remains largely unexplored. Recently, we have shown that overexpression of EGFR in cultured uterine artery endothelial cells (UAEC), which express little endogenous EGFR, remaps responsiveness away from vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) signaling and toward EGFR, suggesting that endothelial EGFR expression may be kept low to preserve VEGFR control of angiogenesis. Here we will consider the evidence for the possibility that the endothelial dysfunction observed in PE might in some cases result from elevation of endothelial EGFR. During pregnancy, trophoblasts are known to synthesize large amounts of EGFR protein, and the placenta regularly releases syncytiotrophoblast-derived exosomes and microparticles into the maternal circulation. Although there are no reports of elevated EGFR gene expression in preeclamptic endothelial cells, the ongoing shedding of placental vesicles into the vascular system raises the possibility that EGFR-rich vesicles might fuse with endothelium, thereby contributing to the symptoms of PE by interrupting angiogenesis and blocking pregnancy-adapted vasodilatory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Clemente
- Perinatal Research Laboratories, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - Ian M. Bird
- Perinatal Research Laboratories, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
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5
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Georgatzakou HT, Fortis SP, Papageorgiou EG, Antonelou MH, Kriebardis AG. Blood Cell-Derived Microvesicles in Hematological Diseases and beyond. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12060803. [PMID: 35740926 PMCID: PMC9220817 DOI: 10.3390/biom12060803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Microvesicles or ectosomes represent a major type of extracellular vesicles that are formed by outward budding of the plasma membrane. Typically, they are bigger than exosomes but smaller than apoptotic vesicles, although they may overlap with both in size and content. Their release by cells is a means to dispose redundant, damaged, or dangerous material; to repair membrane lesions; and, primarily, to mediate intercellular communication. By participating in these vital activities, microvesicles may impact a wide array of cell processes and, consequently, changes in their concentration or components have been associated with several pathologies. Of note, microvesicles released by leukocytes, red blood cells, and platelets, which constitute the vast majority of plasma microvesicles, change under a plethora of diseases affecting not only the hematological, but also the nervous, cardiovascular, and urinary systems, among others. In fact, there is evidence that microvesicles released by blood cells are significant contributors towards pathophysiological states, having inflammatory and/or coagulation and/or immunomodulatory arms, by either promoting or inhibiting the relative disease phenotypes. Consequently, even though microvesicles are typically considered to have adverse links with disease prognosis, progression, or outcomes, not infrequently, they exert protective roles in the affected cells. Based on these functional relations, microvesicles might represent promising disease biomarkers with diagnostic, monitoring, and therapeutic applications, equally to the more thoroughly studied exosomes. In the current review, we provide a summary of the features of microvesicles released by blood cells and their potential implication in hematological and non-hematological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hara T. Georgatzakou
- Laboratory of Reliability and Quality Control in Laboratory Hematology (HemQcR), Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health & Caring Sciences, University of West Attica (UniWA), 12243 Egaleo, Greece; (H.T.G.); (S.P.F.); (E.G.P.)
| | - Sotirios P. Fortis
- Laboratory of Reliability and Quality Control in Laboratory Hematology (HemQcR), Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health & Caring Sciences, University of West Attica (UniWA), 12243 Egaleo, Greece; (H.T.G.); (S.P.F.); (E.G.P.)
| | - Effie G. Papageorgiou
- Laboratory of Reliability and Quality Control in Laboratory Hematology (HemQcR), Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health & Caring Sciences, University of West Attica (UniWA), 12243 Egaleo, Greece; (H.T.G.); (S.P.F.); (E.G.P.)
| | - Marianna H. Antonelou
- Department of Biology, Section of Cell Biology and Biophysics, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), 15784 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence: (M.H.A.); (A.G.K.); Tel.: +30-210-727-4873 (M.H.A.); +30-210-538-5813 (A.G.K.)
| | - Anastasios G. Kriebardis
- Laboratory of Reliability and Quality Control in Laboratory Hematology (HemQcR), Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health & Caring Sciences, University of West Attica (UniWA), 12243 Egaleo, Greece; (H.T.G.); (S.P.F.); (E.G.P.)
- Correspondence: (M.H.A.); (A.G.K.); Tel.: +30-210-727-4873 (M.H.A.); +30-210-538-5813 (A.G.K.)
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6
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Rother N, Yanginlar C, Pieterse E, Hilbrands L, van der Vlag J. Microparticles in Autoimmunity: Cause or Consequence of Disease? Front Immunol 2022; 13:822995. [PMID: 35514984 PMCID: PMC9065258 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.822995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Microparticles (MPs) are small (100 nm - 1 um) extracellular vesicles derived from the plasma membrane of dying or activated cells. MPs are important mediators of intercellular communication, transporting proteins, nucleic acids and lipids from the parent cell to other cells. MPs resemble the state of their parent cells and are easily accessible when released into the blood or urine. MPs also play a role in the pathogenesis of different diseases and are considered as potential biomarkers. MP isolation and characterization is technically challenging and results in different studies are contradictory. Therefore, uniform guidelines to isolate and characterize MPs should be developed. Our understanding of MP biology and how MPs play a role in different pathological mechanisms has greatly advanced in recent years. MPs, especially if derived from apoptotic cells, possess strong immunogenic properties due to the presence of modified proteins and nucleic acids. MPs are often found in patients with autoimmune diseases where MPs for example play a role in the break of immunological tolerance and/or induction of inflammatory conditions. In this review, we describe the main techniques to isolate and characterize MPs, define the characteristics of MPs generated during cell death, illustrate different mechanism of intercellular communication via MPs and summarize the role of MPs in pathological mechanisms with a particular focus on autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Rother
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Cansu Yanginlar
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Elmar Pieterse
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Luuk Hilbrands
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Johan van der Vlag
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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7
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Brown PA. Differential and targeted vesiculation: pathologic cellular responses to elevated arterial pressure. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 477:1023-1040. [PMID: 34989921 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04351-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles are small membrane-enclosed particles released during cell activation or injury. They have been investigated for several decades and found to be secreted in various diseases. Their pathogenic role is further supported by the presence of several important molecules among their cargo, including proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Many studies have reported enhanced and targeted extracellular vesicle biogenesis in diseases that involve chronic or transient elevation of arterial pressure resulting in endothelial dysfunction, within either the general circulatory system or specific local vascular beds. In addition, several associated pathologic processes have been studied and reported. However, the role of elevated pressure as a common pathogenic trigger across vascular domains and disease chronicity has not been previously described. This review will therefore summarize our current knowledge of the differential and targeted biogenesis of extracellular vesicles in major diseases that are characterized by elevated arterial pressure leading to endothelial dysfunction and propose a unified theory of pressure-induced extracellular vesicle-mediated pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Brown
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences Teaching and Research Complex, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, Jamaica.
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8
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Stotz HU, Brotherton D, Inal J. Communication is key: Extracellular vesicles as mediators of infection and defence during host-microbe interactions in animals and plants. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2021; 46:6358524. [PMID: 34448857 PMCID: PMC8767456 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuab044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are now understood to be ubiquitous mediators of cellular communication. In this review, we suggest that EVs have evolved into a highly regulated system of communication with complex functions including export of wastes, toxins and nutrients, targeted delivery of immune effectors and vectors of RNA silencing. Eukaryotic EVs come in different shapes and sizes and have been classified according to their biogenesis and size distributions. Small EVs (or exosomes) are released through fusion of endosome-derived multivesicular bodies with the plasma membrane. Medium EVs (or microvesicles) bud off the plasma membrane as a form of exocytosis. Finally, large EVs (or apoptotic bodies) are produced as a result of the apoptotic process. This review considers EV secretion and uptake in four eukaryotic kingdoms, three of which produce cell walls. The impacts cell walls have on EVs in plants and fungi are discussed, as are roles of fungal EVs in virulence. Contributions of plant EVs to development and innate immunity are presented. Compelling cases are sporophytic self-incompatibility and cellular invasion by haustorium-forming filamentous pathogens. The involvement of EVs in all of these eukaryotic processes is reconciled considering their evolutionary history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik U Stotz
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK
| | - Dominik Brotherton
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK
| | - Jameel Inal
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK.,School of Human Sciences, London Metropolitan University, London, N7 8DB, UK
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9
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Chatterjee V, Yang X, Ma Y, Cha B, Meegan JE, Wu M, Yuan SY. Endothelial microvesicles carrying Src-rich cargo impair adherens junction integrity and cytoskeleton homeostasis. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 116:1525-1538. [PMID: 31504252 PMCID: PMC7314637 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Microvesicles (MVs) conduct intercellular communication and impact diverse biological processes by transferring bioactive cargos to other cells. We investigated whether and how endothelial production of MVs contribute to vascular dysfunction during inflammation. Methods and results We measured the levels and molecular properties of endothelial-derived MVs (EC-MVs) from mouse plasma following a septic injury elicited by cecal ligation and puncture, as well as those from supernatants of cultured endothelial cells stimulated by inflammatory agents including cytokines, thrombin, and complement 5a. The mouse studies showed that sepsis caused a significant increase in total plasma vesicles and VE-cadherin+ EC-MVs compared to sham control. In cultured ECs, different inflammatory agents caused diverse patterns of EC-MV production and cargo contents. When topically applied to endothelial cells, EC-MVs induced a cytoskeleton-junction response characterized by myosin light chain phosphorylation, contractile fibre reorganization, VE-cadherin phosphorylation, and adherens junction dissociation, functionally measured as increased albumin transendothelial flux and decreased barrier resistance. The endothelial response was coupled with protein tyrosine phosphorylation promoted by MV cargo containing c-Src kinase, whereas MVs produced from c-Src deficient cells did not exert barrier-disrupting effects. Additionally, EC-MVs contribute to endothelial inflammatory injury by promoting neutrophil-endothelium adhesion and release of neutrophil extracellular traps containing citrullinated histones and myeloperoxidase, a response unaltered by c-Src knockdown. Conclusion Endothelial-derived microparticles cause endothelial barrier dysfunction by impairing adherens junctions and activating neutrophils. The signalling mechanisms underlying the endothelial cytoskeleton-junction response to EC-MVs involve protein phosphorylation promoted by MV cargo carrying c-Src. However, EC-MV-induced neutrophil activation was not dependent on c-Src.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Chatterjee
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Xiaoyuan Yang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Yonggang Ma
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Byeong Cha
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Jamie E Meegan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Mack Wu
- Department of Surgery, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Sarah Y Yuan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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10
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Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is associated with long-term morbidity in mothers and lifelong morbidities for their children, ranging from cerebral palsy and cognitive delay in preterm infants, to hypertension, diabetes and obesity in adolescents and young adults. There are several processes that are critical for development of materno-fetal exchange, including establishing adequate perfusion of the placenta by maternal blood, and the formation of the placental villous vascular tree. Recent studies provide persuasive evidence that placenta-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) represent a significant intercellular communication pathway, and that they may play an important role in placental and endothelial cell (both fetal and maternal) function. These functions are known to be altered in PE. EVs can carry and transport a wide range of bioactive molescules that have potential to be used as biomarkers and therapeutic delivery tools for PE. EV content is often parent cell specific, thus providing an insight or "thumbprint" of the intracellular environment of the originating cell (e.g., human placenta). EV have been identified in plasma under both normal and pathological conditions, including PE. The concentration of EVs and their content in plasma has been reported to increase in association with disease severity and/or progression. Placenta-derived EVs have been identified in maternal plasma during normal pregnancy and PE pregnancies. They contain placenta-specific proteins and miRNAs and, as such, may be differentiated from maternally-derived EVs. The aim of this review, thus, is to describe the potential roles of EVs in preecmpatic pregnancies, focussing on EVs secreted from placental cells. The biogenesis, specificity of placental EVs, and methods used to characterise EVs in the context of PE pregnancies will be also discussed.
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Bagher P. Extracellular Vesicles: How a Circulating Biomarker Can Double As a Regulator of Blood Pressure. Hypertension 2019; 75:40-43. [PMID: 31760887 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.119.13549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pooneh Bagher
- From the Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas
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12
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Wilhelm EN, Mourot L, Rakobowchuk M. Exercise-Derived Microvesicles: A Review of the Literature. Sports Med 2018; 48:2025-2039. [PMID: 29868992 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-018-0943-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Initially suggested as simple cell debris, cell-derived microvesicles (MVs) have now gained acceptance as recognized players in cellular communication and physiology. Shed by most, and perhaps all, human cells, these tiny lipid-membrane vesicles carry bioactive agents, such as proteins, lipids and microRNA from their cell source, and are produced under orchestrated events in response to a myriad of stimuli. Physical exercise introduces systemic physiological challenges capable of acutely disrupting cell homeostasis and stimulating the release of MVs into the circulation. The novel and promising field of exercise-derived MVs is expanding quickly, and the following work provides a review of the influence of exercise on circulating MVs, considering both acute and chronic aspects of exercise and training. Potential effects of the MV response to exercise are highlighted and future directions suggested as exercise and sports sciences extend the realm of extracellular vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eurico N Wilhelm
- School of Physical Education, UFPel, Rua Luís de Camões, 625, Três Vendas, Pelotas, RS, 96055-630, Brazil.
| | - Laurent Mourot
- EA3920 Prognostic Factors and Regulatory Factors of Cardiac and Vascular Pathologies, (Exercise Performance Health Innovation-EPHI), University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25000, Besançon, France.,Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Mark Rakobowchuk
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Thompson Rivers University, Kamloops, BC, Canada
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13
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Wilhelm EN, González-Alonso J, Chiesa ST, Trangmar SJ, Kalsi KK, Rakobowchuk M. Whole-body heat stress and exercise stimulate the appearance of platelet microvesicles in plasma with limited influence of vascular shear stress. Physiol Rep 2018; 5:5/21/e13496. [PMID: 29122961 PMCID: PMC5688785 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Intense, large muscle mass exercise increases circulating microvesicles, but our understanding of microvesicle dynamics and mechanisms inducing their release remains limited. However, increased vascular shear stress is generally thought to be involved. Here, we manipulated exercise‐independent and exercise‐dependent shear stress using systemic heat stress with localized single‐leg cooling (low shear) followed by single‐leg knee extensor exercise with the cooled or heated leg (Study 1, n = 8) and whole‐body passive heat stress followed by cycling (Study 2, n = 8). We quantified femoral artery shear rates (SRs) and arterial and venous platelet microvesicles (PMV–CD41+) and endothelial microvesicles (EMV–CD62E+). In Study 1, mild passive heat stress while one leg remained cooled did not affect [microvesicle] (P ≥ 0.05). Single‐leg knee extensor exercise increased active leg SRs by ~12‐fold and increased arterial and venous [PMVs] by two‐ to threefold, even in the nonexercising contralateral leg (P < 0.05). In Study 2, moderate whole‐body passive heat stress increased arterial [PMV] compared with baseline (mean±SE, from 19.9 ± 1.5 to 35.5 ± 5.4 PMV.μL−1.103, P < 0.05), and cycling with heat stress increased [PMV] further in the venous circulation (from 27.5 ± 2.2 at baseline to 57.5 ± 7.2 PMV.μL−1.103 during cycling with heat stress, P < 0.05), with a tendency for increased appearance of PMV across exercising limbs. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that whole‐body heat stress may increase arterial [PMV], and intense exercise engaging either large or small muscle mass promote PMV formation locally and systemically, with no influence upon [EMV]. Local shear stress, however, does not appear to be the major stimulus modulating PMV formation in healthy humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eurico N Wilhelm
- Centre for Human Performance, Exercise, and Rehabilitation, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
| | - José González-Alonso
- Centre for Human Performance, Exercise, and Rehabilitation, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom.,Division of Sport, Health and Exercise Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
| | - Scott T Chiesa
- Centre for Human Performance, Exercise, and Rehabilitation, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
| | - Steven J Trangmar
- Centre for Human Performance, Exercise, and Rehabilitation, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kameljit K Kalsi
- Centre for Human Performance, Exercise, and Rehabilitation, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Rakobowchuk
- Centre for Human Performance, Exercise, and Rehabilitation, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom .,Faculty of Science, Department of Biological Sciences, Thompson Rivers University, Kamloops, British Columbia, Canada
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Spicer J, Shimbo D, Johnston N, Harlapur M, Purdie-Vaughns V, Cook J, Fu J, Burg MM, Wager TD. Prevention of Stress-Provoked Endothelial Injury by Values Affirmation: a Proof of Principle Study. Ann Behav Med 2018; 50:471-9. [PMID: 26608279 DOI: 10.1007/s12160-015-9756-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Spicer
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daichi Shimbo
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Natalie Johnston
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Jonathan Cook
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jie Fu
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthew M Burg
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tor D Wager
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, 345 UCB, Boulder, CO, 80305, USA.
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15
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Jadli A, Ghosh K, Satoskar P, Damania K, Bansal V, Shetty S. Combination of copeptin, placental growth factor and total annexin V microparticles for prediction of preeclampsia at 10-14 weeks of gestation. Placenta 2017; 58:67-73. [PMID: 28962698 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2017.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Preeclampsia (PE) remains to be an enigmatic puzzle for clinicians and researchers perplexing them for decades. As delivery remains only choice of treatment, early prediction of PE will offer timely therapeutic invention and hence extensive research efforts have been put in identification of biomarkers which will facilitate early prediction of PE. METHODS Serum levels of CPP, PlGF and plasma total annexin V MPs were assessed in women who subsequently developed PE (n = 33), IUGR (n = 81) and normal pregnancy outcome (n = 112) at 10-14 weeks of gestation. Comparison of biomarker levels between patients and control group was done using Mann Whitney test. Receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis and binary logistic regression analysis were used to evaluate predictive utility of combination of CPP, PlGF and total annexin V MPs for prediction of PE. RESULTS Women who subsequently developed PE showed significantly elevated levels of total annexin V MPs [2766.04 (2086.88-3794) versus 1090.74 (631.91-2197.16)] and CPP [440.98 (365.12-488.92) versus 217.8 (171.13-308.98)] compared to controls. Serum PlGF levels were significantly reduced in women with PE 17.68 (12.66-22.32) compared to controls 105.22 (35.02-255.1). Using logistic regression analysis, the combination of CPP, PlGF and total annexin V MPs gave high predictive value with AUC of 0.970, 93.1% sensitivity, 90.7% specificity, 77.50% Positive predictive value, 98.10% Negative predictive value, 11.69 Positive likelihood ratio and 0.07 Negative likelihood ratio for PE prediction at 10-14 weeks. CONCLUSION The combination of serum markers and plasma microparticles can be used for 10-14 weeks prediction and discrimination of PE from other pregnancy complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshul Jadli
- National Institute of Immunohaematology (ICMR), 13th Floor, KEM Hospital, Parel, Mumbai 400 012, India
| | - Kanjaksha Ghosh
- Surat Raktadan Kendra & Research Centre, Regional Blood Transfusion Centre, Surat 395 002, Gujarat, India
| | - Purnima Satoskar
- Nowrosjee Wadia Maternity Hospital, Acharya Donde Marg, Lower Parel, Mumbai 400012, India
| | - Kaizad Damania
- Nowrosjee Wadia Maternity Hospital, Acharya Donde Marg, Lower Parel, Mumbai 400012, India
| | - Vandana Bansal
- Nowrosjee Wadia Maternity Hospital, Acharya Donde Marg, Lower Parel, Mumbai 400012, India
| | - Shrimati Shetty
- National Institute of Immunohaematology (ICMR), 13th Floor, KEM Hospital, Parel, Mumbai 400 012, India.
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Spaans F, Kao CK, Morton JS, Quon AL, Sawamura T, Tannetta DS, Sargent IL, Davidge ST. Syncytiotrophoblast extracellular vesicles impair rat uterine vascular function via the lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor-1. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180364. [PMID: 28672042 PMCID: PMC5495440 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Syncytiotrophoblast extracellular vesicles (STBEVs) are placenta derived particles that are released into the maternal circulation during pregnancy. Abnormal levels of STBEVs have been proposed to affect maternal vascular function. The lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1) is a multi-ligand scavenger receptor. Increased LOX-1 expression and activation has been proposed to contribute to endothelial dysfunction. As LOX-1 has various ligands, we hypothesized that, being essentially packages of lipoproteins, STBEVs are able to activate the LOX-1 receptor thereby impairing vascular function via the production of superoxide and decreased nitric oxide bioavailability. Uterine arteries were obtained in late gestation from Sprague-Dawley rats and incubated for 24h with or without human STBEVs (derived from a normal pregnant placenta) in the absence or presence of a LOX-1 blocking antibody. Vascular function was assessed using wire myography. Endothelium-dependent maximal vasodilation to methylcholine was impaired by STBEVs (MCh Emax: 57.7±5.9% in STBEV-incubated arteries vs. 77.8±2.9% in controls, p<0.05). This was prevented by co-incubation of STBEV-incubated arteries with LOX-1 blocking antibodies (MCh Emax: 78.8±4.3%, p<0.05). Pre-incubation of the vessels with a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor (L-NAME) demonstrated that the STBEV-induced impairment in vasodilation was due to decreased nitric oxide contribution (ΔAUC 12.2±11.7 in STBEV-arteries vs. 86.5±20 in controls, p<0.05), which was abolished by LOX-1 blocking antibody (ΔAUC 98.9±17, p<0.05). In STBEV-incubated vessels, LOX-1 inhibition resulted in an increased endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression (p<0.05), to a level similar to control vessels. The oxidant scavenger, superoxide dismutase, did not improve this impairment, nor were vascular superoxide levels altered. Our data support an important role for STBEVs in impairment of vascular function via activation of LOX-1 and reduced nitric oxide mediated vasodilation. Moreover, we postulate that the LOX-1 pathway could be a potential therapeutic target in pathologies associated with vascular dysfunction during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floor Spaans
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Cindy K. Kao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jude S. Morton
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Anita L. Quon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Tatsuya Sawamura
- Department of Physiology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Asahi, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Dionne S. Tannetta
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ian L. Sargent
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sandra T. Davidge
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- * E-mail:
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17
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Motta-Mejia C, Kandzija N, Zhang W, Mhlomi V, Cerdeira AS, Burdujan A, Tannetta D, Dragovic R, Sargent IL, Redman CW, Kishore U, Vatish M. Placental Vesicles Carry Active Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase and Their Activity is Reduced in Preeclampsia. Hypertension 2017; 70:372-381. [PMID: 28607124 PMCID: PMC5507817 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.117.09321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Preeclampsia, a multisystem hypertensive disorder of pregnancy, is associated with increased systemic vascular resistance. Placentae from patients with preeclampsia have reduced levels of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and, thus, less nitric oxide (NO). Syncytiotrophoblast extracellular vesicles (STBEV), comprising microvesicles (STBMV) and exosomes, carry signals from the syncytiotrophoblast to the mother. We hypothesized that STBEV-bound eNOS (STBEV-eNOS), capable of producing NO, are released into the maternal circulation. Dual-lobe ex vivo placental perfusion and differential centrifugation was used to isolate STBEV from preeclampsia (n=8) and normal pregnancies (NP; n=11). Plasma samples of gestational age–matched preeclampsia and NP (n=6) were used to isolate circulating STBMV. STBEV expressed placental alkaline phosphatase, confirming placental origin. STBEV coexpressed eNOS, but not inducible nitric oxide synthase, confirmed using Western blot, flow cytometry, and immunodepletion. STBEV-eNOS produced NO, which was significantly inhibited by N G-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (eNOS inhibitor; P<0.05) but not by N-(3-(aminomethyl) bezyl) acetamidine) (inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitor). STBEV-eNOS catalytic activity was confirmed by visualizing eNOS dimerization. STBEV-eNOS was more abundant in uterine vein compared with peripheral blood, indicating placental origin. STBEV isolated from preeclampsia-perfused placentae had lower levels of STBEV-eNOS (STBMV; P<0.05) and overall lower NO activity (STBMV, not significant; syncytiotrophoblast extracellular exosomes, P<0.05) compared with those from NP. Circulating plasma STBMV from preeclampsia women had lower STBEV-eNOS expression compared with that from NP women (P<0.01). This is the first observation of functional eNOS expressed on STBEV from NP and preeclampsia placentae, as well as in plasma. The lower STBEV-eNOS NO production seen in preeclampsia may contribute to the decreased NO bioavailability in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Motta-Mejia
- From the Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of Oxford, Women's Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, United Kingdom (C.M.-M., N.K., W.Z., V.M., A.S.C., A.B., R.D., I.L.S., C.W.R., M.V.); Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom (C.M.-M., U.K.); and Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, United Kingdom (D.T.)
| | - Neva Kandzija
- From the Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of Oxford, Women's Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, United Kingdom (C.M.-M., N.K., W.Z., V.M., A.S.C., A.B., R.D., I.L.S., C.W.R., M.V.); Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom (C.M.-M., U.K.); and Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, United Kingdom (D.T.)
| | - Wei Zhang
- From the Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of Oxford, Women's Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, United Kingdom (C.M.-M., N.K., W.Z., V.M., A.S.C., A.B., R.D., I.L.S., C.W.R., M.V.); Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom (C.M.-M., U.K.); and Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, United Kingdom (D.T.)
| | - Vuyane Mhlomi
- From the Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of Oxford, Women's Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, United Kingdom (C.M.-M., N.K., W.Z., V.M., A.S.C., A.B., R.D., I.L.S., C.W.R., M.V.); Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom (C.M.-M., U.K.); and Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, United Kingdom (D.T.)
| | - Ana Sofia Cerdeira
- From the Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of Oxford, Women's Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, United Kingdom (C.M.-M., N.K., W.Z., V.M., A.S.C., A.B., R.D., I.L.S., C.W.R., M.V.); Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom (C.M.-M., U.K.); and Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, United Kingdom (D.T.)
| | - Alexandra Burdujan
- From the Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of Oxford, Women's Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, United Kingdom (C.M.-M., N.K., W.Z., V.M., A.S.C., A.B., R.D., I.L.S., C.W.R., M.V.); Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom (C.M.-M., U.K.); and Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, United Kingdom (D.T.)
| | - Dionne Tannetta
- From the Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of Oxford, Women's Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, United Kingdom (C.M.-M., N.K., W.Z., V.M., A.S.C., A.B., R.D., I.L.S., C.W.R., M.V.); Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom (C.M.-M., U.K.); and Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, United Kingdom (D.T.)
| | - Rebecca Dragovic
- From the Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of Oxford, Women's Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, United Kingdom (C.M.-M., N.K., W.Z., V.M., A.S.C., A.B., R.D., I.L.S., C.W.R., M.V.); Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom (C.M.-M., U.K.); and Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, United Kingdom (D.T.)
| | - Ian L Sargent
- From the Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of Oxford, Women's Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, United Kingdom (C.M.-M., N.K., W.Z., V.M., A.S.C., A.B., R.D., I.L.S., C.W.R., M.V.); Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom (C.M.-M., U.K.); and Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, United Kingdom (D.T.)
| | - Christopher W Redman
- From the Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of Oxford, Women's Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, United Kingdom (C.M.-M., N.K., W.Z., V.M., A.S.C., A.B., R.D., I.L.S., C.W.R., M.V.); Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom (C.M.-M., U.K.); and Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, United Kingdom (D.T.)
| | - Uday Kishore
- From the Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of Oxford, Women's Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, United Kingdom (C.M.-M., N.K., W.Z., V.M., A.S.C., A.B., R.D., I.L.S., C.W.R., M.V.); Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom (C.M.-M., U.K.); and Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, United Kingdom (D.T.)
| | - Manu Vatish
- From the Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of Oxford, Women's Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, United Kingdom (C.M.-M., N.K., W.Z., V.M., A.S.C., A.B., R.D., I.L.S., C.W.R., M.V.); Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom (C.M.-M., U.K.); and Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, United Kingdom (D.T.).
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19
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Kohli S, Isermann B. Placental hemostasis and sterile inflammation: New insights into gestational vascular disease. Thromb Res 2017; 151 Suppl 1:S30-S33. [PMID: 28262230 DOI: 10.1016/s0049-3848(17)30063-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Activation of the coagulation and inflammatory systems are physiologically occurring during pregnancy. However, excess activation of either system is well documented in gestational vascular diseases (GVD). GVD are placenta-mediated pregnancy complications and a major cause of feto-maternal morbidity and mortality. The causal relevance of excess coagulation and inflammatory responses for GVD remains largely unknown. Deciphering the causal relationship of excess coagulation and inflammation in GVD may allow conceptualizing new therapeutic approaches to combat GVD. Platelet activation and procoagulant extracellular vesicles (EVs) provide a link between coagulation and inflammation and their activation or generation in GVD is well established. As recently shown EVs cause sterile placental inflammation by activating maternal platelets that release ATP and activate purinergic receptor signaling and NLRP3 inflammasome in the embryonic trophoblast. This thrombo-inflammatory mechanism suggests a novel link between coagulation activation and sterile inflammation in GVD. These findings highlight a role of anti-platelet therapies in GVD. In addition, targeting the inflammasome alone or in combination with platelet inhibition may provide a new therapeutic strategy in GVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrey Kohli
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Berend Isermann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.
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20
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Yu X, Xu J, Huang G, Zhang K, Qing L, Liu W, Xu W. Bubble-Induced Endothelial Microparticles Promote Endothelial Dysfunction. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0168881. [PMID: 28114372 PMCID: PMC5256891 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Decompression sickness is a systemic pathophysiological process caused by bubbles and endothelial microparticles (EMPs) are established markers reflecting competency of endothelial function and vascular biology. Here, we investigated the effects of bubble-induced EMPs on endothelial cells in vitro and vivo. Rat pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVECs) were isolated and stimulated by bubbles and bubble-induced EMPs were collected and incubated with normal PMVECs in vitro. Cell viability and apoptosis were detected using Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and Annexin V FITC/PI double staining, respectively. Cell permeability and pro-inflammatory cytokines were determined by electric cell substrate impedance sensing and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Intracellular nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species production were analyzed microscopically. In vivo study, bubble-induced EMPs were intravenously injected to the rats and soluble thrombomodulin, intercellular adhesion molecule 1, and vascullar adhesion molecule 1 were involved in evaluating endothelial dysfunction. In our study, bubble stimulus resulted in a significant increase of EMPs release by 3 fold. Bubble-induced EMPs significantly decreased cell viability and increased cell apoptosis. Moreover, bubble-induced EMPs induced abnormal increase of cell permeability and over-expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Intracellular ROS production increased while NO production decreased. These negative effects caused by bubble-induced EMPs were remarkably suppressed when EMPs pretreated with surfactant FSN-100. Finally, intravenous injection of bubble-induced EMPs caused elevations of soluble thrombomodulin and pro-inflammatory cytokines in the circulation. Altogether, our results demonstrated that bubble-induced EMPs can mediate endothelial dysfunction in vitro and vivo, which can be attenuated by EMPs abatement strategy. These data expanded our horizon of the detrimental effects of bubble-induced EMPs, which may be of great concern in DCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhua Yu
- Department of Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiajun Xu
- Department of Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoyang Huang
- Department of Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Department of Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Long Qing
- Department of Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenwu Liu
- Department of Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weigang Xu
- Department of Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine, Faculty of Naval Medicine, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
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Mudrovcic N, Arefin S, Van Craenenbroeck AH, Kublickiene K. Endothelial maintenance in health and disease: Importance of sex differences. Pharmacol Res 2017; 119:48-60. [PMID: 28108363 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The vascular endothelium has emerged as more than just an inert monolayer of cells lining the vascular bed. It represents the interface between the blood stream and vessel wall, and has a strategic role in regulating vascular homeostasis by the release of vasoactive substances. Endothelial dysfunction contributes to the development and progression of cardiovascular disease. Recognition of sex-specific factors implicated in endothelial cell biology is important for the identification of clinically relevant preventive and/or therapeutic strategies. This review aims to give an overview of the recent advances in understanding the importance of sex specific observations in endothelial maintenance, both in healthy and diseased conditions. The female endothelium is highlighted in the context of polycystic ovary syndrome and pre-eclampsia. Furthermore, sex differences are explored in chronic kidney disease, which is currently appreciated as one of public health priorities. Overall, this review endorses integration of sex analysis in experimental and patient-oriented research in the exciting field of vascular biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neja Mudrovcic
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention & Technology, Division of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Samsul Arefin
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention & Technology, Division of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Amaryllis H Van Craenenbroeck
- Department of Nephrology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium; Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Clinical Science, Intervention & Technology, Division of Renal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karolina Kublickiene
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention & Technology, Division of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Science, Intervention & Technology, Division of Renal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Gender Medicine, Department of Medicine-Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Wilhelm EN, González-Alonso J, Parris C, Rakobowchuk M. Exercise intensity modulates the appearance of circulating microvesicles with proangiogenic potential upon endothelial cells. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2016; 311:H1297-H1310. [PMID: 27638881 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00516.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The effect of endurance exercise on circulating microvesicle dynamics and their impact on surrounding endothelial cells is unclear. Here we tested the hypothesis that exercise intensity modulates the time course of platelet (PMV) and endothelial-derived (EMV) microvesicle appearance in the circulation through hemodynamic and biochemical-related mechanisms, and that microvesicles formed during exercise would stimulate endothelial angiogenesis in vitro. Nine healthy young men had venous blood samples taken before, during, and throughout the recovery period after 1 h of moderate [46 ± 2% maximal oxygen uptake (V̇o2max)] or heavy (67 ± 2% V̇o2max) intensity semirecumbent cycling and a time-matched resting control trial. In vitro experiments were performed by incubating endothelial cells with rest and exercise-derived microvesicles to examine their effects on cell angiogenic capacities. PMVs (CD41+) increased from baseline only during heavy exercise (from 21 ± 1 × 103 to 55 ± 8 × 103 and 48 ± 6 × 103 PMV/μl at 30 and 60 min, respectively; P < 0.05), returning to baseline early in postexercise recovery (P > 0.05), whereas EMVs (CD62E+) were unchanged (P > 0.05). PMVs were related to brachial artery shear rate (r2 = 0.43) and plasma norepinephrine concentrations (r2 = 0.21) during exercise (P < 0.05). Exercise-derived microvesicles enhanced endothelial proliferation, migration, and tubule formation compared with rest microvesicles (P < 0.05). These results demonstrate substantial increases in circulating PMVs during heavy exercise and that exercise-derived microvesicles stimulate human endothelial cells by enhancing angiogenesis and proliferation. This involvement of microvesicles may be considered a novel mechanism through which exercise mediates vascular healing and adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eurico N Wilhelm
- Centre for Human Performance, Exercise and Rehabilitation, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
| | - José González-Alonso
- Centre for Human Performance, Exercise and Rehabilitation, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Parris
- Institute for the Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom; and
| | - Mark Rakobowchuk
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biological Sciences, Thompson Rivers University Kamloops, British Columbia, Canada
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Abstract
Preeclampsia is a hypertensive pregnancy disorder characterized by development of hypertension and proteinuria after 20 weeks of gestation that remains a leading cause of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. While preeclampsia is believed to result from complex interactions between maternal and placental factors, the proximate pathophysiology of this syndrome remains elusive. Cell-to-cell communication is a critical signaling mechanism for feto-placental development in normal pregnancies. One mechanism of cellular communication relates to activated cell-derived sealed membrane vesicles called extracellular vesicles (EVs). The concentrations and contents of EVs in biological fluids depend upon their cells of origin and the stimuli which trigger their production. Research on EVs in preeclampsia has focused on EVs derived from the maternal vasculature (endothelium, vascular smooth muscle) and blood (erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets), as well as placental syncytiotrophoblasts. Changes in the concentrations and contents of these EVs may contribute to the pathophysiology of preeclampsia by accentuating the pro-inflammatory and pro-coagulatory states of pregnancy. This review focuses on possible interactions among placental- and maternal-derived EVs and their contents in the initiation and progression of the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. Understanding the contributions of EVs in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia may facilitate their use as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarwat I. Gilani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Tracey L. Weissgerber
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Vesna D. Garovic
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Muthuvel Jayachandran
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
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Nie DM, Wu QL, Zheng P, Chen P, Zhang R, Li BB, Fang J, Xia LH, Hong M. Endothelial microparticles carrying hedgehog-interacting protein induce continuous endothelial damage in the pathogenesis of acute graft-versus-host disease. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2016; 310:C821-35. [PMID: 27009877 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00372.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that endothelial microparticles (EMPs), a marker of endothelial damage, are elevated in acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD), and that endothelial damage is implicated in the pathogenesis of aGVHD, but the mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, we detected the plasma EMP levels and endothelial damage in patients and mice with aGVHD in vivo and then examined the effects of EMPs derived from injured endothelial cells (ECs) on endothelial damage and the role of hedgehog-interacting protein (HHIP) carried by EMPs in these effects in vitro. Our results showed that EMPs were persistently increased in the early posttransplantation phase in patients and mice with aGVHD. Meanwhile, endothelial damage was continuous in aGVHD mice, but was temporary in non-aGVHD mice after transplantation. In vitro, EMPs induced endothelial damage, including increased EC apoptosis, enhanced reactive oxygen species, decreased nitric oxide production and impaired angiogenic activity. Enhanced expression of HHIP, an antagonist for the Sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling pathway, was observed in patients and mice with aGVHD and EMPs from injured ECs. The endothelial damage induced by EMPs was reversed when the HHIP incorporated into EMPs was silenced with an HHIP small interfering RNA or inhibited with the SHH pathway agonist, Smoothened agonist. This work supports a feasible vicious cycle in which EMPs generated during endothelial injury, in turn, aggravate endothelial damage by carrying HHIP into target ECs, contributing to the continuously deteriorating endothelial damage in the development of aGVHD. EMPs harboring HHIP would represent a potential therapeutic target for aGVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di-Min Nie
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiu-Ling Wu
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng Zheng
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ran Zhang
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bei-Bei Li
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Fang
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling-Hui Xia
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mei Hong
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Mechanism of vascular dysfunction due to circulating factors in women with pre-eclampsia. Clin Sci (Lond) 2016; 130:539-49. [DOI: 10.1042/cs20150678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Circulating factors in the plasma of pre-eclamptic women contribute to vascular dysfunction by increasing oxidative stress, which is associated with a reduction in nitric oxide bioavailability and an increase in prostaglandin H synthase-dependent vasoconstrictors.
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Antwi-Baffour S, Adjei J, Aryeh C, Kyeremeh R, Kyei F, Seidu MA. Understanding the biosynthesis of platelets-derived extracellular vesicles. Immun Inflamm Dis 2015; 3:133-40. [PMID: 26417432 PMCID: PMC4578515 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet-derived extracellular vesicles (PEVs) are described as sub-cellular vesicles released into circulation upon platelets shear stress, activation, injury, or apoptosis. They are considered as universal biomarkers in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes. They are of tremendous significance for the prediction, diagnosis, and observation of the therapeutic success of many diseases. Understanding their biosynthesis and therefore functional properties would contribute to a better understanding of the pathological mechanisms leading to various diseases in which their levels are raised and they are implicated. The review takes a critical look at the historical background of PEVs, their structural components, the mechanism of their formation, physiological, and exogenous stimuli inducing their release and their detection. It concludes by highlighting on the importance of undertaking in-depth studies into PEVs biosynthesis and subsequently gaining a better understanding of their biological role in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Antwi-Baffour
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana 143, Korle-Bu, Accra, Ghana
| | - Jonathan Adjei
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana 143, Korle-Bu, Accra, Ghana
| | - Claudia Aryeh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana 143, Korle-Bu, Accra, Ghana
| | - Ransford Kyeremeh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana 143, Korle-Bu, Accra, Ghana
| | - Foster Kyei
- College of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Cape Coast Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Mahmood A Seidu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana 143, Korle-Bu, Accra, Ghana
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Aharon A. The role of extracellular vesicles in placental vascular complications. Thromb Res 2015; 135 Suppl 1:S23-5. [DOI: 10.1016/s0049-3848(15)50435-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Brennan LJ, Morton JS, Davidge ST. Vascular dysfunction in preeclampsia. Microcirculation 2014; 21:4-14. [PMID: 23890192 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Preeclampsia is a complex disorder which affects an estimated 5% of all pregnancies worldwide. It is diagnosed by hypertension in the presence of proteinuria after the 20th week of pregnancy and is a prominent cause of maternal morbidity and mortality. As delivery is currently the only known treatment, preeclampsia is also a leading cause of preterm delivery. Preeclampsia is associated with maternal vascular dysfunction, leading to serious cardiovascular risk both during and following pregnancy. Endothelial dysfunction, resulting in increased peripheral resistance, is an integral part of the maternal syndrome. While the cause of preeclampsia remains unknown, placental ischemia resulting from aberrant placentation is a fundamental characteristic of the disorder. Poor placentation is believed to stimulate the release of a number of factors including pro- and antiangiogenic factors and inflammatory activators into the maternal systemic circulation. These factors are critical mediators of vascular function and impact the endothelium in distinctive ways, including enhanced endothelial oxidative stress. The mechanisms of action and the consequences on the maternal vasculature will be discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesley J Brennan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Women and Children's Health Research Institute and the Cardiovascular Research Centre, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Abdelhafeez AH, Jeziorczak PM, Schaid TR, Hoefs SL, Kaul S, Nanchal R, Jacobs ER, Densmore JC. Clinical CVVH model removes endothelium-derived microparticles from circulation. J Extracell Vesicles 2014; 3:23498. [PMID: 24596654 PMCID: PMC3938801 DOI: 10.3402/jev.v3.23498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Revised: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelium-derived microparticles (EMPs) are submicron vesicles released from the plasma membrane of endothelial cells in response to injury, apoptosis or activation. We have previously demonstrated EMP-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in animal models and endothelial barrier dysfunction in vitro. Current treatment options for ALI are limited and consist of supportive therapies. We hypothesize that standard clinical continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH) reduces serum EMP levels and may be adapted as a potential therapeutic intervention. MATERIALS AND METHODS EMPs were generated from plasminogen activation inhibitor-1 (PAI-1)-stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Flow cytometric analysis was used to characterize EMPs as CD31- and annexin V-positive events in a submicron size gate. Enumeration was completed against a known concentration of latex beads. Ultimately, a concentration of ~650,000 EMP/mL perfusate fluid (total 470 mL) was circulated through a standard CVVH filter (pore size 200 μm, flow rate 250 mL/hr) for a period of 70 minutes. 0.5 mL aliquots were removed at 5- to 10-minute intervals for flow cytometric analysis. EMP concentration in the dialysate was measured at the end of 4 hours to better understand the fate of EMPs. RESULTS A progressive decrease in circulating EMP concentration was noted using standard CVVH at 250 mL/hr (a clinical standard rate) from a 470 mL volume modelling a patient's circulation. A 50% reduction was noted within the first 30 minutes. EMPs entering the dialysate after 4 hours were 5.7% of the EMP original concentration. CONCLUSION These data demonstrate that standard CVVH can remove EMPs from circulation in a circuit modelling a patient. An animal model of hemofiltration with induction of EMP release is required to test the therapeutic potential of this finding and potential of application in early treatment of ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelhafeez H. Abdelhafeez
- Children's Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute of Southeast Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Paul M. Jeziorczak
- Children's Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Terry R. Schaid
- Children's Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Susan L. Hoefs
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute of Southeast Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Sushma Kaul
- Children's Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Rahul Nanchal
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute of Southeast Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Froedtert Hospital, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Elizabeth R. Jacobs
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute of Southeast Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Froedtert Hospital, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - John C. Densmore
- Children's Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute of Southeast Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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Herring JM, McMichael MA, Smith SA. Microparticles in health and disease. J Vet Intern Med 2013; 27:1020-33. [PMID: 23815149 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.12128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Revised: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Microparticles (MPs), small membrane-derived vesicles, are derived from many cell types and released into the circulation. Microparticles can express antigens, and contain cell surface proteins, cytoplasmic contents, and nuclear components from their cell of origin that determines their composition, characterization, and transfer of biologic information. Certain prompts for this release include shear stress, complement activation, proapoptotic stimulation, cellular damage, or agonist interaction with cell surface receptors. Release can be physiologic or pathologic and is associated with proinflammatory and procoagulant effects and has been implicated in thrombotic states. Microparticles also contribute to systemic inflammation and cardiovascular, hematologic, and oncologic disease states. The study of MPs in human medicine is rapidly advancing and extends into the physiology of health, the pathophysiology of disease, and the role of MPs in transfusion medicine. In veterinary medicine, published work on MPs has been limited to the area of inherited disorders, blood storage, and leukoreduction (LR). Microparticle research is still in its infancy, and this review should be seen as a snapshot of what is currently known. As research continues important limitations, including variations in preanalytic variables such as collection, storage, or centrifugation, and limitations of quantitation are coming to the forefront. Correlation of quantitation of MPs with assays of activity will hopefully shed light on the true nature of MPs in health and disease. This review will focus on the role of cellular exocytic vesiculation in health, disease, and transfusion medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Herring
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Urbana, IL
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Shetty S, Patil R, Ghosh K. Role of microparticles in recurrent miscarriages and other adverse pregnancies: a review. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2013; 169:123-9. [PMID: 23490540 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2013.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2012] [Revised: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The multiple functions attributed to microparticles (MPs) include blood coagulation, inflammation, tumorigenesis, angiogenesis, immunomodulatory functions and intercellular cross talk. These have drawn considerable interest during the last few years. The prothrombotic nature of MPs has linked them with almost all groups of thrombotic disorders including recurrent miscarriage (RM) and other abnormal pregnancy outcomes. Two authors (SS and RP) conducted a search independently on the computerized databases MEDLINE and EMBASE using relevant key words. Contradictory reports were observed on the association of MPs with RM. While most of the reports showed increased prevalence of MPs, both platelet and endothelial cell derived, in RM, some did not show any association. Almost all the reports showed a strong association of MPs with preeclampsia (PE), while the association with other adverse pregnancy conditions was not very conclusive. It may be concluded that MPs by themselves may result in adverse conditions or that they may be additive factors to an already existing prothrombotic state due to acquired or genetic thrombophilia or some unknown thrombophilic condition, besides the pre-existing hypercoagulable status of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrimati Shetty
- National Institute of Immunohaematology (ICMR), 13th Floor, KEM Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, India.
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Walsh SK, English FA, Crocker IP, Johns EJ, Kenny LC. Contribution of PARP to endothelial dysfunction and hypertension in a rat model of pre-eclampsia. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 166:2109-16. [PMID: 22339234 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.01906.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Under conditions of increased oxidative stress, such as pre-eclampsia and diabetes, overstimulation of PARP leads to endothelial dysfunction. Inhibition of PARP has been demonstrated to reverse the vascular dysfunction associated with diabetes in vivo. The present study was carried out to investigate the role of PARP in mediating the endothelial dysfunction associated with pre-eclampsia. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Uteroplacental perfusion was surgically reduced in pregnant rats to produce the reduced uterine perfusion pressure (RUPP) rat model of pre-eclampsia and the PARP inhibitor, PJ34, was administered either before or after surgery. Mean arterial BP and vascular function were measured in normal pregnant (NP) and both control and PJ34-treated RUPP rats. Mesenteric vessels from NP rats were incubated with either 3% RUPP or NP plasma alone or in combination with PJ34. Finally, immunohistochemical staining was carried out to measure nitrotyrosine (byproduct of peroxynitrite) immunoreactivity. KEY RESULTS RUPP rats were characterized by hypertension, fetal growth restriction and endothelial dysfunction when compared with NP rats. PJ34 administered in vivo before, but not after, surgery prevented the development of both endothelial dysfunction and hypertension. RUPP plasma-induced impaired vasorelaxation was prevented following co-incubation with PJ34 in vitro. Furthermore, the protective effect of PARP inhibition in vivo was accompanied by a reduction in nitrotyrosine immunoreactivity. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS PJ34 prevented the development of both endothelial dysfunction and hypertension and reduced vascular nitrotyrosine immunoreactivity, thus suggesting a role for oxidative-nitrosative stress/PARP activation in the aberration in both vascular and haemodynamic function in this rat model of pre-eclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Walsh
- Anu Research Centre, Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University College Cork, Cork University Maternity Hospital, Cork, Ireland.
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Mackenzie RM, Sandrim VC, Carty DM, McClure JD, Freeman DJ, Dominiczak AF, McBride MW, Delles C. Endothelial FOS expression and pre-eclampsia. BJOG 2012; 119:1564-71. [PMID: 23121125 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.12016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study gene expression profiles in human endothelial cells incubated with plasma from women who developed pre-eclampsia and women with normotensive pregnancies. DESIGN A case-control study. SETTING A longitudinal nested case-control study within three maternity units. POPULATION A mixed obstetric population attending maternity hospitals in Glasgow. METHODS Plasma was obtained at both 16 and 28 weeks of gestation from 12 women: six women subsequently developed pre-eclampsia (cases) and six women, matched for age, body mass index (BMI) and parity, remained normotensive (controls). Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were incubated with plasma for 24 hour before RNA isolation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Gene expression profiles were compared between the two gestational time points using Illumina(®) HumanHT-12 v4 Expression BeadChips. Differential mRNA expression observed in microarray experiments were validated using quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and gene networks were analysed using Ingenuity(®) pathway analysis. RESULTS There was a significant difference in the expression of 25 genes following incubation with plasma from controls, and an increase in the expression of 11 genes following incubation with plasma from cases, with no overlap between the two groups (false discovery rate, FDR < 0.05). There was a 3.74-fold (FDR < 0.001) increase in the expression of the c-Fos gene (FOS) when HUVECs were incubated with control plasma from 16 and 28 weeks of gestation, with no significant difference between the two time points with plasma from cases. Similar findings for FOS were obtained by qRT-PCR. CONCLUSIONS Plasma from women who subsequently develop pre-eclampsia appears to contain factors that lead to the dysregulation of FOS in endothelial cells during pregnancy. Reduced expression of c-Fos may lead to impaired vasculogenesis, and thereby contribute to the development of pre-eclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Mackenzie
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
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Lee SM, Romero R, Lee YJ, Park IS, Park CW, Yoon BH. Systemic inflammatory stimulation by microparticles derived from hypoxic trophoblast as a model for inflammatory response in preeclampsia. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2012; 207:337.e1-8. [PMID: 23021701 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2012.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Revised: 05/03/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether trophoblast-derived microparticles can induce different inflammatory responses of the peripheral blood mononuclear cells depending upon the state of trophoblast when the microparticles are generated. STUDY DESIGN A trophoblast-derived cell line (ATCC no. CRL-1584) was cultured under normal or hypoxic conditions. Microparticles were isolated from the cell culture supernatants (microparticles from normal trophoblast; microparticles from hypoxic trophoblast). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were cultured alone or cocultured with either microparticles from normal trophoblast or microparticles from hypoxic trophoblast. RESULTS After 48 hours, the peripheral blood mononuclear cells cocultured with microparticles from normal trophoblast released higher concentrations of interleukin-6 than peripheral blood mononuclear cells cultured alone. The peripheral blood mononuclear cells cocultured with microparticles from hypoxic trophoblast showed higher concentration of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha than peripheral blood mononuclear cells cocultured with microparticles from normal trophoblast, after 24 hours and 48 hours. CONCLUSION More intense and rapid inflammatory response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells was observed with microparticles from hypoxic trophoblast than with microparticles from normal trophoblast. This difference might explain the exaggerated systemic inflammatory response as a result of placental hypoxia in preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Mi Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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van der Pol E, Böing AN, Harrison P, Sturk A, Nieuwland R. Classification, Functions, and Clinical Relevance of Extracellular Vesicles. Pharmacol Rev 2012; 64:676-705. [PMID: 22722893 DOI: 10.1124/pr.112.005983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1262] [Impact Index Per Article: 105.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Edwin van der Pol
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Centre of the University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Microparticles: targets and tools in cardiovascular disease. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2011; 32:659-65. [PMID: 21794929 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2011.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2011] [Revised: 06/20/2011] [Accepted: 06/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Cells communicate with other cells not only via direct cell-cell contact and the production of signaling molecules but also through release of microparticles (MPs). MPs are small vesicles released from stimulated and/or apoptotic cells. They harbor membrane proteins that are characteristic of the original parent cell and intracellular components involved in cell signaling. MPs are considered to be both biomarkers and effectors of cell signaling that maintain and/or initiate cell dysfunction. Thus, MPs can evoke endothelial dysfunction by decreasing nitric oxide (NO) production and promoting vascular inflammation which favor the prothrombotic state in atherosclerosis. Novel pharmacological approaches targeting MP production or properties could be used to treat cardiovascular pathologies. Paradoxically, another useful approach might be to employ engineered MPs with modified compositions as therapeutic agents to correct cardiovascular pathologies. This review is focused on the mechanisms of MP formation and their effects on target cells under physiological or pathophysiological conditions.
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Abstract
Microparticles (MPs) are shed from cell membranes of a variety of cells, promote thrombus formation, mediate pro-inflammatory effects and may cause endothelial dysfunction. Normal pregnancy is characterized by increased levels of MPs compared to non-pregnant healthy women but the prevalence, cell origin and the role of MPs in pregnancy-related complications remain controversial. Normal pregnancy is an acquired hyper-coagulable state due to an increase in procoagulants and decrease in natural anticoagulants. Pregnancy-related complications such as preeclampsia, intrauterine fetal growth restriction (IUGR) and fetal loss are associated with placental dysfunction and may cause significant maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. This article highlights the role of microparticles in maternal placental crosstalk and the interplay between microparticles, thrombosis and pregnancy complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anat Aharon
- Thrombosis and Hemostasis Unit, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel; Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
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Sabatier F, Lacroix R, Leroyer AS, Cointe S, Dignat-George F. [Cell-derived microparticules: key players at the crossroad between inflammation and thrombosis]. Transfus Clin Biol 2011; 18:62-9. [PMID: 21444231 DOI: 10.1016/j.tracli.2011.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2011] [Accepted: 02/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cell-derived microparticles are complex vesicular structures that can be shedded by activated or apoptotic endothelial cells. Cell-derived microparticles are composed of a phospholipid bilayer that exposes transmembrane proteins and receptors and encloses cytosolic components such as enzymes, transcription factors and mRNA derived from their parent cells. Thus, they behave as biological conveyors playing a key role in the tuning of vascular homeostasis. This review will address the potential of microparticles as efficient vectors of biological activities in pathologies. Based on the model of endothelial vesiculation, the first part of this review will develop the contribution of endothelial microparticles to coagulation inflammation and angiogenesis and their role in vascular disorders. The second part will be focused on the multifaceted impact of cell-derived microparticles present in blood products and its relevance to transfusion medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Sabatier
- Inserm UMR-S 608, UFR de pharmacie, 27, boulevard Jean-Moulin, 13385 Marseille cedex 5, France.
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[Endothelial microparticles in preeclampsia and eclampsia]. Med Clin (Barc) 2011; 136:522-6. [PMID: 21241995 DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2010.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2010] [Revised: 07/13/2010] [Accepted: 07/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare endothelial microparticles values in eclamptic, preeclamptic and normotensive pregnant women. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients were selected among those who assisted to Obstetrics Emergency at Hospital Central "Dr. Urquinaona", Maracaibo, Venezuela. There were included 30 patients with mild preeclampsia (group A), 30 patients with severe preeclampsia (group B) and 30 patients with eclampsia (group C). A control group was selected for having similar age and body mass index to studied groups and consisted in 35 healthy pregnant women (group D). There were included only nuliparous patients. Blood samples were collected in all patients before delivery and in studied groups immediately after diagnosis for endothelial microparticles determination. RESULTS There were statistically significant differences in gestational age between groups B and C compared with controls (P<.05). Higher values of endothelial microparticles were observed in eclamptic patients together with severe preeclamptic patients. Lower values were found in mild preeclamptic patients. Studied groups presented significant higher values of endothelial microparticles compared with controls (P<.05). When linear regression was performed, factors that significantly affected endothelial microparticles values were: uric acid, 24-hour proteinuria, transaminases and platelet count (P<.05). CONCLUSIONS The findings of this research showed that eclamptic and preeclamptic patients had higher endothelial microparticles values than normotensive pregnant women.
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Lok CAR, Van der Post JAM, Sturk A, Sargent IL, Nieuwland R. The functions of microparticles in preeclampsia. Pregnancy Hypertens 2010; 1:59-65. [PMID: 26104232 DOI: 10.1016/j.preghy.2010.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Circulating blood cells, trophoblast cells and endothelial cells release microparticles (MP) into the maternal blood by membrane shedding. This process occurs upon activation or apoptosis of these cells. Evidence is accumulating that MP play a role in the development of thrombotic diseases. In recent years, the importance of changes in circulating MP numbers and in composition in preeclampsia has been recognized and research is now directed to discover the functional consequences of these changes. In this review we will discuss the structure and function of MP, with special emphasis on the changes in MP numbers, composition and function in pregnancy and preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine A R Lok
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joris A M Van der Post
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Augueste Sturk
- Laboratory of Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ian L Sargent
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oxford, The Women's Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Rienk Nieuwland
- Laboratory of Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Georgescu A, Alexandru N, Popov D, Amuzescu M, Andrei E, Zamfir C, Maniu H, Badila A. Chronic venous insufficiency is associated with elevated level of circulating microparticles. J Thromb Haemost 2009; 7:1566-75. [PMID: 19552639 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2009.03525.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) results when the veins in the legs no longer pump blood back to the heart effectively. Microparticles (MPs) are small membrane vesicles released by several circulating and vascular cells upon activation or apoptosis. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to assess the subpopulations of circulating endothelial (EMPs) and platelet microparticles (PMPs) in CVI, and to disclose their contribution in mediating dysfunction of human peripheral venules. PATIENTS AND METHODS Human peripheral venules were explanted during leg surgery on patients with CVI and on control subjects (C); concurrently, blood samples were collected and circulating MPs isolated. The techniques used were: flow cytometry, fluorescence and electron microscopy, myograph technique and western-blotting technique. RESULTS The results showed that compared with controls, patients with CVI had: (i) a marked elevation of circulating EMPs and PMPs; (ii) a structural modification of the venous wall consisting of activation of endothelial and smooth muscle cells, an abundance of intermediary filaments and synthesis of hyperplasic-multilayered basal lamina; (iii) a significantly altered reactivity of the venous wall, closely associated with EMPs and PMPs adherence; (iv) altered contractile response to noradrenaline, acetylcholine, 5-hydroxytryptamine and KCl, and an impeded relaxation in response to sodium nitroprusside; and (iv) a substantially increased protein expression of tissue factor (TF) and of P-Selectin both in the venular vascular wall and on the surface of EMPs and PMPs. CONCLUSIONS The findings indicate that CVI is accompanied by an enhanced release of EMPs and PMPs that contribute to altered dysfunctional response of the venous wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Georgescu
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology, 'Nicolae Simionescu', Bucharest, Romania.
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Walsh SK, English FA, Johns EJ, Kenny LC. Plasma-Mediated Vascular Dysfunction in the Reduced Uterine Perfusion Pressure Model of Preeclampsia. Hypertension 2009; 54:345-51. [DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.109.132191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Preeclampsia is associated with widespread maternal vascular dysfunction, which is thought to be mediated by circulating factor(s). The aim of the study was to characterize vascular function in the reduced uterine perfusion pressure (RUPP) rat model of preeclampsia and to investigate the role of plasma factors in mediating any observed changes in vascular reactivity. Mean arterial blood pressure and vascular function were measured in RUPP and control rats. Mesenteric vessels from both virgin and pregnant rats were exposed for 1 hour or overnight to plasma from both RUPP and control rats and their vascular function assessed. RUPP rats were characterized by severe hypertension, restricted fetal growth, and reduced placental weight (
P
<0.001). Vasorelaxation was impaired in resistance vessels from RUPP compared with control rats (acetylcholine:
R
max
70±3 versus 92±1 [NP] and 93±3% [sham],
P
<0.01; bradykinin: 40±2 versus 62±2 [NP] and 59±4% [sham],
P
<0.001). Incubation of vessels from pregnant (but not virgin) animals with RUPP plasma overnight resulted in an attenuation of vasorelaxant responses (acetylcholine: 63±7 versus 86±2%,
P
<0.05; bradykinin: 35±5 versus 55±6%,
P
<0.001). The residual relaxant response in RUPP plasma-treated vessels was not further attenuated after treatment with
N
ω
-nitro-
l
-arginine methyl ester (acetylcholine: 57±7 versus 63±7%, ns; bradykinin: 37±5 versus 35±5%, ns). The RUPP rat model is characterized by an impaired response to vasodilators which may be attributable to one or more circulating factors. This plasma-mediated endothelial dysfunction appears to be a pregnancy-dependent effect. Furthermore, nitric oxide–mediated vasorelaxation appears to be absent in RUPP plasma-treated vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah K. Walsh
- From the Anu Research Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (S.K.W., F.A.E., L.C.K.), University College Cork, Cork University Maternity Hospital and the Department of Physiology (E.J.J.), University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Fred A. English
- From the Anu Research Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (S.K.W., F.A.E., L.C.K.), University College Cork, Cork University Maternity Hospital and the Department of Physiology (E.J.J.), University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Edward J. Johns
- From the Anu Research Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (S.K.W., F.A.E., L.C.K.), University College Cork, Cork University Maternity Hospital and the Department of Physiology (E.J.J.), University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Louise C. Kenny
- From the Anu Research Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (S.K.W., F.A.E., L.C.K.), University College Cork, Cork University Maternity Hospital and the Department of Physiology (E.J.J.), University College Cork, Ireland
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Lok CAR, Van Der Post JAM, Sargent IL, Hau CM, Sturk A, Boer K, Nieuwland R. Changes in microparticle numbers and cellular origin during pregnancy and preeclampsia. Hypertens Pregnancy 2009; 27:344-60. [PMID: 19003636 DOI: 10.1080/10641950801955733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microparticles (MP) are pro-coagulant vesicles derived from various cells. Evidence is accumulating that MP are of pathophysiological relevance in autoimmune, cardiovascular, and thromboembolic diseases and inflammatory disorders. Therefore, their role in the development of preeclampsia was investigated and MP from preeclamptic patients influenced endothelial-dependent vasodilatation. Knowledge about changes in circulating MP numbers during pregnancy and preeclampsia is lacking. We determined this longitudinally and investigated whether these numbers related to the severity of preeclampsia. METHODS Samples were obtained from pregnant women and preeclamptic patients during pregnancy and postpartum. MP were isolated and studied by flow cytometry. RESULTS During pregnancy, MP were decreased at 12 weeks gestation and then returned to postpartum values. In patients with preeclampsia, MP numbers were reduced at 28 and 36 weeks (both p = 0.04). Monocyte-derived MP were elevated in preeclampsia at 28 (p = 0.007), 32 (p = 0.02), and 36 weeks (p = 0.01), as were erythrocyte-derived MP at 28 weeks (p = 0.04). Placenta-derived MP increased in pregnancy and preeclampsia. During pregnancy, a correlation was present between placenta-derived MP and systolic blood pressure (r = 0.33, p = 0.015). No other correlations were found. CONCLUSIONS During pregnancy, numbers of MP initially decrease and subsequently normalize. Placenta-derived MP increase, possibly because of placental growth. In preeclampsia, reduced numbers of PMP are due to decreased platelet counts. Increased numbers of monocyte-derived MP reflect monocyte activation, which may be an expression of the systemic inflammation in preeclampsia. Lack of correlation between numbers of MP and severity of preeclampsia suggests that MP numbers alone do not explain the reported vascular effects of MP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine A R Lok
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Rafik Hamad R, Curvers J, Berntorp E, Eriksson MJ, Bremme K. Increased thrombin generation in women with a history of preeclampsia. Thromb Res 2009; 123:580-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2008.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2007] [Revised: 03/17/2008] [Accepted: 03/26/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Lok CAR, Böing AN, Sargent IL, Sooranna SR, van der Post JAM, Nieuwland R, Sturk A. Circulating platelet-derived and placenta-derived microparticles expose Flt-1 in preeclampsia. Reprod Sci 2008; 15:1002-10. [PMID: 18936439 DOI: 10.1177/1933719108324133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flt-1 is secreted by various cells and elevated concentrations are present in preeclampsia affecting vascular function. Microparticles from these cells may expose Flt-1. We evaluated whether Flt-1 is microparticle-associated in preeclampsia, and established the origin of Flt-1-exposing microparticles. METHODS The concentration of Flt-1 was measured in samples from preeclamptic patients, pregnant and nonpregnant women by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Microparticles were analyzed by flow cytometry. Western blot determined the different forms of Flt-1. RESULTS Noncell bound Flt-1 was elevated in preeclampsia compared to controls. A fraction (5%) was associated with microparticles in preeclampsia. Flt-1-exposing microparticles were increased in preeclampsia compared to normotensive pregnancy (p = 0.02). Full-length Flt-1, was identified in microparticles of platelet and placental origin. CONCLUSION Full-length Flt-1 is associated with platelet and placenta-derived microparticles. Possibly, the presentation of Flt-1 on the membrane of a microparticle might alter its function, particularly if it acts in synergism with other exposed vasoactive molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine A R Lok
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands. c.a.lok@ amc.uva.nl
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Salomon O, Katz BZ, Dardik R, Livnat T, Steinberg DM, Achiron R, Seligsohn U. Plasma levels of microparticles at 24 weeks of gestation do not predict subsequent pregnancy complications. Fertil Steril 2008; 92:682-7. [PMID: 18692836 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2008] [Revised: 06/11/2008] [Accepted: 06/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To discern whether plasma levels of microparticles (MPs) measured at 24 weeks of gestation predict late complications of pregnancy. DESIGN Secondary analysis of samples obtained prospectively. SETTING Large academic medical center. PATIENT(S) Two hundred sixty-two healthy women selected from 642 nulliparous women with singleton pregnancies. INTERVENTION(S) Sampling for blood cell MPs and thrombophilias at 24 weeks of gestation and measurements of blood flow resistance in uterine, placental, and umbilical arteries at 24 and 31 to 33 weeks of gestation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Relationship between levels of MPs and late pregnancy complications, thrombophilias, and blood flow resistance. RESULT(S) Flow cytometry only detected MPs derived from endothelial cells (CD31(+)) and platelet (CD41(+)). No statistically significant correlation was found between levels of CD31(+) or CD41(+) MPs and subsequent occurrence of pregnancy-induced hypertension, preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction, or small for gestational age infants. Nor was there a statistically significant correlation with blood flow resistance parameters at 24 weeks of gestation (except for the left uterine artery) or at 31 to 33 weeks of gestation. Levels of these MPs in thrombophilic and nonthrombophilic women were similar. CONCLUSION(S) Levels of circulating MPs at 24 weeks of gestation had no predictive value for subsequent development of pregnancy-induced hypertension, preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction, or small for gestational age infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ophira Salomon
- Amalia Biron Research Institute of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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Pap E, Pállinger E, Falus A, Kiss AA, Kittel A, Kovács P, Buzás EI. T lymphocytes are targets for platelet- and trophoblast-derived microvesicles during pregnancy. Placenta 2008; 29:826-32. [PMID: 18684502 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2008.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2008] [Revised: 05/30/2008] [Accepted: 06/04/2008] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Microvesicles (MVs) can derive from several cell types and their membranes contain cell surface elements. Their role is increasingly recognized in cell-to-cell communication, as they act as both paracrine and remote messengers, occurring in circulating form as well as in plasma. Successful pregnancy requires a series of interactions between the maternal immune system and the implanted fetus, such that the semi-allograft will not be rejected. These interactions occur at the materno-placental interface and/or at a systemic level. In the present study we identified for the first time the in vivo plasma pattern of the MVs of third-trimester, healthy pregnant women, their cellular origin, and their target cells using flow cytometry and confocal laser microscopy. We searched for the cellular target molecules of thrombocyte-derived MVs with the help of neutralizing antibodies. We examined the in vitro effects of MVs on STAT3 phosphorylation of primary lymphocytes and Jurkat cells. We found that both placental trophoblast-derived and maternal thrombocyte-derived MVs bind to circulating peripheral T lymphocytes, but not to B lymphocytes or NK cells. We were able to show that the P-selectin (CD62P)-PSGL-1 (CD162) interaction is one mechanism binding platelet-derived MVs to T cells. We were also able to demonstrate that MV-lymphocyte interactions induce STAT3 phosphorylation in T cells. Our findings indicate that both thrombocyte- and trophoblast-derived MVs may play an important role in the immunomodulation of pregnancy. We suggest that the transfer of different signals via MVs represents a novel form of communication between the placenta and the maternal immune system, and that MVs contribute to the establishment of stable immune tolerance to the semi-allograft fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Pap
- Department of Genetics, Cell and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
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