1
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Covalently Grafted Peptides to Decellularized Pericardium: Modulation of Surface Density. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032932. [PMID: 36769254 PMCID: PMC9917601 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The covalent functionalization of synthetic peptides allows the modification of different biomaterials (metallic, polymeric, and ceramic), which are enriched with biologically active sequences to guide cell behavior. Recently, this strategy has also been applied to decellularized biological matrices. In this study, the covalent anchorage of a synthetic peptide (REDV) to a pericardial matrix decellularized via Schiff base is realized starting from concentrated peptide solutions (10-4 M and 10-3 M). The use of a labeled peptide demonstrated that as the concentration of the working solution increased, the surface density of the anchored peptide increased as well. These data are essential to pinpointing the concentration window in which the peptide promotes the desired cellular activity. The matrices were extensively characterized by Water Contact Angle (WCA) analysis, Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) analysis, geometric feature evaluation, biomechanical tests, and preliminary in vitro bioassays.
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2
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Hsiao SK, Liang CW, Chang TL, Sung YC, Chen YT, Chen Y, Wang J. An in vitro fibrotic liver lobule model through sequential cell-seeding of HSCs and HepG2 on 3D-printed poly(glycerol sebacate) acrylate scaffolds. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:9590-9598. [PMID: 36106522 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb02686k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cirrhosis is a major cause of global morbidity and mortality, and significantly leads to a heightened risk of liver cancer. Despite decades of efforts in seeking for cures for cirrhosis, this disease remains irreversible. To assist in the advancement of understanding toward cirrhosis as well as therapeutic options, various disease models, each with different strengths, are developed. With the development of three-dimensional (3D) cell culture in recent years, more realistic biochemical properties are observed in 3D cell models, which have gradually taken over the responsibilities of traditional 2D cell culture, and are expected to replace some of the animal models in the near future. Here, we propose a 3D fibrotic liver model inspired by liver lobules. In the model, 3D-printed poly(glycerol sebacate) acrylate (PGSA) scaffolds facilitated the formation of 3D tissues and guided the deposition of fibrotic structures. Through the sequential seeding of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), HepG2 and HSCs, fibrotic septum-like tissues were created on PGSA scaffolds. As albumin secretion is considered a rather important function of the liver and is found only among hepatic cells, the detection of albumin secretion up to 30 days indicates the mimicking of basic liver functions. Moreover, the in vivo fibrotic tissue shows a high similarity to fibrotic septa. Finally, via complete encapsulation of HSCs, a down-regulated albumin secretion profile was observed in the capped model, which is a metabolic indicator that is important for the prognosis for liver cirrhosis. Looking forward, the incorporation of the vasculature will further upgrade the model into a sound tool for liver research and associated treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syuan-Ku Hsiao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Cheng-Wei Liang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Tze-Ling Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Yun-Chieh Sung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, Republic of China. .,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yi-Ting Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Yunching Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Jane Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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3
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Cross-Linking Agents for Electrospinning-Based Bone Tissue Engineering. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105444. [PMID: 35628254 PMCID: PMC9141772 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrospun nanofibers are promising bone tissue scaffolds that support bone healing due to the body’s structural similarity to the extracellular matrix (ECM). However, the insufficient mechanical properties often limit their potential in bone tissue regeneration. Cross-linking agents that chemically interconnect as-spun electrospun nanofibers are a simple but effective strategy for improving electrospun nanofibers’ mechanical, biological, and degradation properties. To improve the mechanical characteristic of the nanofibrous bone scaffolds, two of the most common types of cross-linking agents are used to chemically crosslink electrospun nanofibers: synthetic and natural. Glutaraldehyde (GTA) is a typical synthetic agent for electrospun nanofibers, while genipin (GP) is a natural cross-linking agent isolated from gardenia fruit extracts. GP has gradually gained attention since GP has superior biocompatibility to synthetic ones. In recent studies, much more progress has been made in utilizing crosslinking strategies, including citric acid (CA), a natural cross-linking agent. This review summarizes both cross-linking agents commonly used to improve electrospun-based scaffolds in bone tissue engineering, explains recent progress, and attempts to expand the potential of this straightforward method for electrospinning-based bone tissue engineering.
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4
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Hernandez JL, Woodrow KA. Medical Applications of Porous Biomaterials: Features of Porosity and Tissue-Specific Implications for Biocompatibility. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2102087. [PMID: 35137550 PMCID: PMC9081257 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202102087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Porosity is an important material feature commonly employed in implants and tissue scaffolds. The presence of material voids permits the infiltration of cells, mechanical compliance, and outward diffusion of pharmaceutical agents. Various studies have confirmed that porosity indeed promotes favorable tissue responses, including minimal fibrous encapsulation during the foreign body reaction (FBR). However, increased biofilm formation and calcification is also described to arise due to biomaterial porosity. Additionally, the relevance of host responses like the FBR, infection, calcification, and thrombosis are dependent on tissue location and specific tissue microenvironment. In this review, the features of porous materials and the implications of porosity in the context of medical devices is discussed. Common methods to create porous materials are also discussed, as well as the parameters that are used to tune pore features. Responses toward porous biomaterials are also reviewed, including the various stages of the FBR, hemocompatibility, biofilm formation, and calcification. Finally, these host responses are considered in tissue specific locations including the subcutis, bone, cardiovascular system, brain, eye, and female reproductive tract. The effects of porosity across the various tissues of the body is highlighted and the need to consider the tissue context when engineering biomaterials is emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie L Hernandez
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 3720 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Kim A Woodrow
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 3720 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
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5
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Qiu H, Zhang L, Wang D, Miao H. Silver Nanoparticles Improve the Biocompatibility and Reduce the Immunogenicity of Xenogeneic Scaffolds Derived from Decellularized Pancreas. Cell Reprogram 2022; 24:38-47. [PMID: 35119303 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2021.0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Xenogeneic scaffolds derived from the decellularized pancreas are plausible biomedical materials for pancreatic tissue engineering applications. During the decellularized process, the ultrastructure of extracellular matrices, including collagen fibers, was destructed, which leads to the decrease of mechanical strength and the immune-inflammatory response after transplantation in vivo. The cross-linking method plays an important role in increasing mechanical strength and reducing the inflammatory potential of decellularized scaffolds. However, no ideal cross-linking agent has been identified for decellularized pancreatic scaffolds yet. In this study, a cyclic perfusion system was used to cross-link decellularized pancreatic scaffolds from Sprague Dawley rat with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The optimum concentration of AgNPs was selected according to the scanning electron microscope observation and mechanical evaluation, as well as cytotoxicity to human umbilical vein endothelial cells and MIN-6 cell lines in vitro. The inflammation after transplantation in vivo was evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin staining; M1/M2 polarization phenotype of macrophages was further evaluated. Our results showed that after cross-linking, the scaffold possessed better mechanical property and biocompatibility, with the polarization of M2 macrophages increased. Thus, AgNP-cross-linked pancreatic acellular scaffold can provide an ideal scaffold source for pancreatic tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongquan Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.,Department of General Surgery, The Sixth People's Hospital, Nantong, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.,Department of General Surgery, The Sixth People's Hospital, Nantong, China
| | - Dongzhi Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.,Department of General Surgery, The Sixth People's Hospital, Nantong, China
| | - Haiyan Miao
- Department of General Surgery, The Sixth People's Hospital, Nantong, China
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6
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Optimization of Collagen Chemical Crosslinking to Restore Biocompatibility of Tissue-Engineered Scaffolds. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13060832. [PMID: 34204956 PMCID: PMC8229326 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13060832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagen scaffolds, one of the most used biomaterials in corneal tissue engineering, are frequently crosslinked to improve mechanical properties, enzyme tolerance, and thermal stability. Crosslinkers such as 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) are compatible with tissues but provide low crosslinking density and reduced mechanical properties. Conversely, crosslinkers such as glutaraldehyde (GTA) can generate mechanically more robust scaffolds; however, they can also induce greater toxicity. Herein, we evaluated the effectivity of double-crosslinking with both EDC and GTA together with the capability of sodium metabisulfite (SM) and sodium borohydride (SB) to neutralize the toxicity and restore biocompatibility after crosslinking. The EDC-crosslinked collagen scaffolds were treated with different concentrations of GTA. To neutralize the free unreacted aldehyde groups, scaffolds were treated with SM or SB. The chemistry involved in these reactions together with the mechanical and functional properties of the collagen scaffolds was evaluated. The viability of the cells grown on the scaffolds was studied using different corneal cell types. The effect of each type of scaffold treatment on human monocyte differentiation was evaluated. One-way ANOVA was used for statistical analysis. The addition of GTA as a double-crosslinking agent significantly improved the mechanical properties and enzymatic stability of the EDC crosslinked collagen scaffold. GTA decreased cell biocompatibility but this effect was reversed by treatment with SB or SM. These agents did not affect the mechanical properties, enzymatic stability, or transparency of the double-crosslinked scaffold. Contact of monocytes with the different scaffolds did not trigger their differentiation into activated macrophages. Our results demonstrate that GTA improves the mechanical properties of EDC crosslinked scaffolds in a dose-dependent manner, and that subsequent treatment with SB or SM partially restores biocompatibility. This novel manufacturing approach would facilitate the translation of collagen-based artificial corneas to the clinical setting.
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Dal Sasso E, Zamuner A, Filippi A, Romanato F, Palmosi T, Vedovelli L, Gregori D, Gómez Ribelles JL, Russo T, Gloria A, Iop L, Gerosa G, Dettin M. Covalent functionalization of decellularized tissues accelerates endothelialization. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:3851-3864. [PMID: 33937589 PMCID: PMC8065253 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the field of tissue regeneration, the lack of a stable endothelial lining may affect the hemocompatibility of both synthetic and biological replacements. These drawbacks might be prevented by specific biomaterial functionalization to induce selective endothelial cell (EC) adhesion. Decellularized bovine pericardia and porcine aortas were selectively functionalized with a REDV tetrapeptide at 10−5 M and 10−6 M working concentrations. The scaffold-bound peptide was quantified and REDV potential EC adhesion enhancement was evaluated in vitro by static seeding of human umbilical vein ECs. The viable cells and MTS production were statistically higher in functionalized tissues than in control. Scaffold histoarchitecture, geometrical features, and mechanical properties were unaffected by peptide anchoring. The selective immobilization of REDV was effective in accelerating ECs adhesion while promoting proliferation in functionalized decellularized tissues intended for blood-contacting applications. Covalent functionalization of the decellularized tissues with REDV peptide accelerates endothelialization. New covalent grafting method not inducing collagen cross-linking. Measurements through two photon miscroscopy allow the quantification of biological matrix bound peptide. The decellularized tissues can be changed by chemical procedures to promote specific cellular behaviour with ECM preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Dal Sasso
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences and Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Italy
| | - Annj Zamuner
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.,LIFELAB Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria, CORIS, Veneto Region, Italy
| | - Andrea Filippi
- LIFELAB Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria, CORIS, Veneto Region, Italy.,Department of Physics and Astronomy "G. Galilei", University of Padua, Padua, Italy.,Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Trento, Italy.,Institute of Pediatric Research Città della Speranza, Padua, Italy
| | - Filippo Romanato
- LIFELAB Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria, CORIS, Veneto Region, Italy.,Department of Physics and Astronomy "G. Galilei", University of Padua, Padua, Italy.,Institute of Pediatric Research Città della Speranza, Padua, Italy
| | - Tiziana Palmosi
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences and Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Italy
| | - Luca Vedovelli
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences and Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Italy
| | - Dario Gregori
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences and Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Italy
| | - José Luís Gómez Ribelles
- Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, CBIT, Universitat Politècnica de València, València, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Valencia, Spain
| | - Teresa Russo
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Gloria
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, Naples, Italy
| | - Laura Iop
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences and Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Italy.,LIFELAB Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria, CORIS, Veneto Region, Italy
| | - Gino Gerosa
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences and Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Italy.,LIFELAB Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria, CORIS, Veneto Region, Italy
| | - Monica Dettin
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.,LIFELAB Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria, CORIS, Veneto Region, Italy
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8
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Ceresnakova M, Murray D, McGourty KD, Butler J, Neilan J, Soulimane T, Hudson SP. Citric acid functionalized nitinol stent surface promotes endothelial cell healing. J Biomed Mater Res A 2021; 109:1549-1559. [PMID: 33624931 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
While drug-eluting stents containing anti-proliferative agents inhibit proliferation of smooth muscle cells (SMCs), they also delay the regrowth of the endothelial cells which can result in subsequent development of restenosis. Acidic extracellular environments promote cell anchorage and migration by inducing conformational change in integrins, the main cell adhesion proteins. This study addresses the feasibility of a citric acid (CA) functionalized nitinol stent for improving vascular biocompatibility, specifically enhancing endothelialization. CA functionalized nitinol vascular stents are compared to commercial bare metal (Zilver Flex) and paclitaxel eluting stents (Zilver PTX) in terms of re-endothelialization. To study the effect of stent coatings, a stent conditioned media methodology was developed in an attempt to represent in vivo conditions. Overall, distinct advantages of the CA functionalized nitinol stent over commercial Zilver PTX DES and Zilver Flex BMS stents in terms of endothelial cell adhesion, migration, and proliferation are reported. These novel findings indicate the potential of a CA functionalized stent to serve as a bioactive and therapeutic surface for re-endothelialization, perhaps in combination with a SMC proliferation inhibitor coating, to prevent restenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriama Ceresnakova
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | | | - Kieran D McGourty
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | | | | | - Tewfik Soulimane
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Sarah P Hudson
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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Zhuravleva IY, Karpova EV, Oparina LA, Poveschenko OV, Surovtseva MA, Titov AT, Ksenofontov AL, Vasilieva MB, Kuznetsova EV, Bogachev-Prokophiev AV, Trofimov BA. Cross-linking method using pentaepoxide for improving bovine and porcine bioprosthetic pericardia: A multiparametric assessment study. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 118:111473. [PMID: 33255052 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Bioprosthetic heart valves made from bovine pericardium (BP) and porcine pericardium (PP) preserved with glutaraldehyde (GA) are commonly used in valve surgeries but prone to calcification in many patients. In this study, we compared BP and PP preserved with GA, ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (DE), and 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-{1-[2-(glycidyloxy)ethoxy]ethyl}-d-glucopyranose (PE). We studied the stabilities of DE and PE in preservation media along with the amino acid (AA) compositions, Fourier-transform infrared spectra, mechanical properties, surface morphologies, thermal stability, calcification, and the cytocompatibility of BP and PP treated with 0.625% GA, 5% DE, 2% PE, and alternating 5% DE and 2% PE for 3 + 11 d and 10 + 10 d, respectively. Both epoxides were stable in the water-buffer solutions (pH 7.4). DE provided high linkage densities in BP and PP owing to reactions with Hyl, Lys, His, Arg, Ser, and Tyr. PE reacted weakly with these AAs but strongly with Met. High cross-linking density obtained using the 10 d + 10 d method provided satisfactory thermal stability of biomaterials. The epoxy preservations improved cytocompatibility and resistance to calcification. PE enhanced the stress/strain properties of the xenogeneic pericardia, perhaps by forming nanostructures that were clearly visualised in BP using scanning electron microscopy. The DE + PE combination, in an alternating cross-linking manner, thus constitutes a promising option for developing bioprosthetic pericardia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Yu Zhuravleva
- E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center of the RF Ministry of Health, 15 Rechkunovskaya St., Novosibirsk 630055, Russia.
| | - Elena V Karpova
- N. Vorozhtsov Institute of Organic Chemistry of SB RAS, 9 Lavrentyev Avenue, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Ludmila A Oparina
- A. Favorsky Institute of Chemistry SB RAS, 1 Favorsky St., Irkutsk 664033, Russia
| | - Olga V Poveschenko
- E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center of the RF Ministry of Health, 15 Rechkunovskaya St., Novosibirsk 630055, Russia
| | - Maria A Surovtseva
- E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center of the RF Ministry of Health, 15 Rechkunovskaya St., Novosibirsk 630055, Russia
| | - Anatoly T Titov
- V. Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy SB RAS, 3 Academician Koptyug Avenue, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Alexander L Ksenofontov
- A. Belozersky Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology MSU, House 1, Building 40 Leninskye gory, Moscow 119992, Russia
| | - Maria B Vasilieva
- E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center of the RF Ministry of Health, 15 Rechkunovskaya St., Novosibirsk 630055, Russia
| | - Elena V Kuznetsova
- E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center of the RF Ministry of Health, 15 Rechkunovskaya St., Novosibirsk 630055, Russia
| | - Alexander V Bogachev-Prokophiev
- E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center of the RF Ministry of Health, 15 Rechkunovskaya St., Novosibirsk 630055, Russia
| | - Boris A Trofimov
- A. Favorsky Institute of Chemistry SB RAS, 1 Favorsky St., Irkutsk 664033, Russia
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10
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Liu J, Li B, Jing H, Qin Y, Wu Y, Kong D, Leng X, Wang Z. Curcumin-crosslinked acellular bovine pericardium for the application of calcification inhibition heart valves. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 15:045002. [PMID: 31972553 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ab6f46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Glutaraldehyde (GA) crosslinked bovine or porcine pericardium tissues exhibit high cell toxicity and calcification in the construction of bioprosthetic valves, which accelerate the failure of valve leaflets and motivate the exploration for alternatives. Polyphenols, including curcumin, procyanidin and quercetin, etc, have showed great calcification inhibition potential in crosslinking collagen and elastin scaffolds. Herein, we developed an innovative phenolic fixing technique by using curcumin as the crosslinking reagent for valvular materials. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry assessments confirmed the hydrogen bond between curcumin and acellular bovine pericardium. Importantly, the calcification inhibition capability of the curcumin-crosslinked bovine pericardium was proved by the dramatically reduced Ca2+ content in the curcumin-fixed group in in vitro assay, a juvenile rat subcutaneous implants model, as well as an osteogenic differentiation model. In addition, the results showed that the curcumin-fixed bovine pericardium exhibited better performance in the areas of mechanical performance, hemocompatibility and cytocompatibility, in comparison with the GA group and the commercialized product. In summary, we demonstrated that curcumin was a feasible crosslinking reagent to fix acellular bovine pericardium, which showed great potential for biomedical applications, particularly in cardiovascular biomaterials with calcification inhibition capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomaterial Research, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, People's Republic of China
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11
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Mukhamadiyarov RA, Rutkovskaya NV, Mil'to IV, Sidorova OD, Barbarash LS. [The cellular composition of explanted bioprosthetic heart valves in infective endocarditis]. Arkh Patol 2019; 81:16-23. [PMID: 31851188 DOI: 10.17116/patol20198106116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To perform immunohistochemical typing of cells as a component of bioprosthetic (BP) heart valves explanted during reoperations for prosthetic valve endocarditis. MATERIAL AND METHODS The authors investigated 8 models of KemCor and PeriCor artificial heart valves produced by NeoCor Company (Kemerovo, Russia), which were explanted from the mitral position due to infection of xenogeneic implanted material. The following markers: CD3 (T-lymphocytes), CD20 (B-lymphocytes), CD34 and VEGFR2 (endotheliocytes), CD68 (monocytes/macrophages), vimentin (fibroblasts), and α-smooth muscle actin (smooth muscle cells), were used for immunohistochemical typing of cells as a component of the analyzed samples. RESULTS Recipient cells were found to colonize devitalized BP tissues in infective endocarditis. This process simultaneously involved several types of cells performing their functions in infectious lesion and its initiation of BP remodeling. Macrophages contributed to the sanitation of the foci of infection and destruction of BP xenotissue; endotheliocytes ensured neovascularization and resistance of the implanted valve surface to infection; fibroblasts played a role in the neoplastic transformation of collagen, and smooth muscle cells were likely to take on the role in forming the elastic framework of a leaflet and in ensuring the mechanical properties of the bioprosthesis. CONCLUSION In the time course of development of prosthetic endocarditis, the recipient cells populate xenovalve leaflets that are a modified extracellular matrix obtained from the porcine aortic valve complex. This process is a consequence of the destruction of the BP surface and deep components. The observed cellular reactions are likely to be adaptive and to be aimed at eliminating microorganisms and regenerating structural damages.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Mukhamadiyarov
- Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo, Russia
| | - N V Rutkovskaya
- Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo, Russia
| | - I V Mil'to
- Siberian State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Tomsk, Russia; National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - O D Sidorova
- Kemerovo State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Kemerovo, Russia
| | - L S Barbarash
- Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo, Russia
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12
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Liu J, Jing H, Qin Y, Li B, Sun Z, Kong D, Leng X, Wang Z. Nonglutaraldehyde Fixation for off the Shelf Decellularized Bovine Pericardium in Anticalcification Cardiac Valve Applications. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:1452-1461. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b01311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomaterial Research, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Huimin Jing
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomaterial Research, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Yibo Qin
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomaterial Research, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Binhan Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomaterial Research, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Zhiting Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomaterial Research, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Deling Kong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomaterial Research, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xigang Leng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomaterial Research, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Zhihong Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomaterial Research, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China
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13
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Walker S, Schönfelder J, Tugtekin SM, Wetzel C, Hacker MC, Schulz-Siegmund M. Stabilization and Sterilization of Pericardial Scaffolds by Ultraviolet and Low-Energy Electron Irradiation. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2018; 24:717-729. [PMID: 30412035 PMCID: PMC6306682 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2018.0285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT Pericardium-based tissue transplantation is a lifesaving treatment. Commercial glutaraldehyde-treated pericardial tissue exhibits cytotoxicity, which is associated with the accelerated graft failure. Replacement of glutaraldehyde has been suggested to overcome those drawbacks. In this study, we report a toxin-free method that combines tissue stabilization with a terminal sterilization. Our data indicate that the SULEEI procedure, which is part of an issued patent, may be a promising first step toward glutaraldehyde-free pericardium-based tissue transplants. Thus, our results may contribute to improving cardiovascular treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Walker
- Fraunhofer Institute for Organic Electronics, Electron Beam and Plasma Technology FEP, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jessy Schönfelder
- Fraunhofer Institute for Organic Electronics, Electron Beam and Plasma Technology FEP, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sems-Malte Tugtekin
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Faculty of Medicine CGC, Technische Universität Dresden, Herzzentrum Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christiane Wetzel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Organic Electronics, Electron Beam and Plasma Technology FEP, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael C. Hacker
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michaela Schulz-Siegmund
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
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14
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Saleh T, Ahmed E, Yu L, Hussein K, Park KM, Lee YS, Kang BJ, Choi KY, Choi S, Kang KS, Woo HM. Silver nanoparticles improve structural stability and biocompatibility of decellularized porcine liver. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 46:273-284. [PMID: 29587547 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2018.1457037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
No ideal cross-linking agent has been identified for decellularized livers (DLs) yet. In this study, we evaluated structural improvements and biocompatibility of porcine DLs after cross-linking with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Porcine liver slices were decellularized and then loaded with AgNPs (100 nm) after optimization of the highest non-toxic concentration (5 µg/mL) using Human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) and EAhy926 human endothelial cell lines. The cross-linking effect of AgNPs was evaluated and compared to that of glutaraldehyde and ethyl carbodiimide hydrochloride and N-hydroxysuccinimide. The results indicated that AgNPs improved the ultra-structure of DLs' collagen fibres with good porosity and increased DLs' resistance against in vitro degradation with good cytocompatibility. AgNPs decreased the host inflammatory reaction against implanted porcine DL slices in vivo and increased the polarization of M2 macrophages. Thus, structural and functional improvements of Porcine DLs could be achieved using AgNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek Saleh
- a Stem Cell Institute , Kangwon National University , Chuncheon , Gangwon , Republic of Korea.,b College of Veterinary Medicine , Kangwon National University , Chuncheon , Gangwon , Republic of Korea.,c College of Veterinary Medicine , Assiut University , Assiut , Egypt
| | - Ebtehal Ahmed
- a Stem Cell Institute , Kangwon National University , Chuncheon , Gangwon , Republic of Korea.,b College of Veterinary Medicine , Kangwon National University , Chuncheon , Gangwon , Republic of Korea.,c College of Veterinary Medicine , Assiut University , Assiut , Egypt
| | - Lina Yu
- a Stem Cell Institute , Kangwon National University , Chuncheon , Gangwon , Republic of Korea.,b College of Veterinary Medicine , Kangwon National University , Chuncheon , Gangwon , Republic of Korea
| | - Kamal Hussein
- c College of Veterinary Medicine , Assiut University , Assiut , Egypt
| | - Kyung-Mee Park
- d College of Veterinary Medicine , Chungbuk National University , Cheongju , Chungbuk , Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Suk Lee
- e Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine , Seoul National University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Jae Kang
- b College of Veterinary Medicine , Kangwon National University , Chuncheon , Gangwon , Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Young Choi
- f Department of Controlled Agriculture , Kangwon National University , Chuncheon , Gangwon , Republic of Korea
| | - Sooyoung Choi
- b College of Veterinary Medicine , Kangwon National University , Chuncheon , Gangwon , Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Sun Kang
- e Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine , Seoul National University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Heung-Myong Woo
- a Stem Cell Institute , Kangwon National University , Chuncheon , Gangwon , Republic of Korea.,b College of Veterinary Medicine , Kangwon National University , Chuncheon , Gangwon , Republic of Korea
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15
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Lopez-Moya M, Melgar-Lesmes P, Kolandaivelu K, de la Torre Hernández JM, Edelman ER, Balcells M. Optimizing Glutaraldehyde-Fixed Tissue Heart Valves with Chondroitin Sulfate Hydrogel for Endothelialization and Shielding against Deterioration. Biomacromolecules 2018. [PMID: 29539266 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Porcine glutaraldehyde-fixed pericardium is widely used to replace human heart valves. Despite the stabilizing effects of glutaraldehyde fixation, the lack of endothelialization and the occurrence of immune reactions contribute to calcification and structural valve deterioration, which is particularly significant in young patients, in whom valve longevity is crucial. This report shows an optimization system with which to enhance endothelialization of fixed pericardium to mimic the biological function of a native heart valve. The glutaraldehyde detoxification, together with the application of a biodegradable methacrylated chondroitin sulfate hydrogel, reduces aldehydes cytotoxicity, increases the migration and proliferation of endothelial cells and the recruitment of endothelial cell progenitors, and confers thromboresistance in fixed pericardium. The combination of glutaraldehyde detoxification and a coating with chondroitin sulfate hydrogel promotes in situ mechanisms of endothelialization in fixed pericardium. We offer a new solution for improving the long life of bioprosthetic valves and exploring the means of making valves suitable to endothelialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Lopez-Moya
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States.,Bioengineering Department , Institut Químic de Sarrià, Ramon Llull Univ , Barcelona 08017 , Spain
| | - Pedro Melgar-Lesmes
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States.,Department of Biomedicine , Fundació Clínic per a la Recerca Biomèdica, University of Barcelona , Barcelona 08036 , Spain
| | - Kumaran Kolandaivelu
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States.,Cardiovascular Division , Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | | | - Elazer R Edelman
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States.,Cardiovascular Division , Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Mercedes Balcells
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States.,Bioengineering Department , Institut Químic de Sarrià, Ramon Llull Univ , Barcelona 08017 , Spain
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16
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Koenig F, Lee JS, Akra B, Hollweck T, Wintermantel E, Hagl C, Thierfelder N. Is Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation of Living Tissue-Engineered Valves Feasible? An In Vitro Evaluation Utilizing a Decellularized and Reseeded Biohybrid Valve. Artif Organs 2016; 40:727-37. [PMID: 27187768 DOI: 10.1111/aor.12683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is a fast-growing, exciting field of invasive therapy. During the last years many innovations significantly improved this technique. However, the prostheses are still associated with drawbacks. The aim of this study was to create cell-seeded biohybrid aortic valves (BAVs) as an ideal implant by combination of assets of biological and artificial materials. Furthermore, the influence of TAVI procedure on tissue-engineered BAV was investigated. BAV (n=6) were designed with decellularized homograft cusps and polyurethane walls. They were seeded with fibroblasts and endothelial cells isolated from saphenous veins. Consecutively, BAV were conditioned under low pulsatile flow (500 mL/min) for 5 days in a specialized bioreactor. After conditioning, TAVI-simulation was performed. The procedure was concluded with re-perfusion of the BAV for 2 days at an increased pulsatile flow (1100 mL/min). Functionality was assessed by video-documentation. Samples were taken after each processing step and evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), immunohistochemical staining (IHC), and Live/Dead-assays. The designed BAV were fully functioning and displayed physiologic behavior. After cell seeding, static cultivation and first conditioning, confluent cell layers were observed in SEM. Additionally, IHC indicated the presence of endothelial cells and fibroblasts. A significant construction of extracellular matrix was detected after the conditioning phase. However, a large number of lethal cells were observed after crimping by Live/Dead staining. Analysis revealed that the cells while still being present directly after crimping were removed in subsequent perfusion. Extensive regions of damaged cell-layers were detected by SEM-analysis substantiating these findings. Furthermore, increased ICAM expression was detected after re-perfusion as manifestation of inflammatory reaction. The approach to generate biohybrid valves is promising. However, damages inflicted during the crimping process seem not to be immediately detectable. Due to severe impacts on seeded cells, the strategy of living TE valves for TAVI should be reconsidered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Koenig
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Laboratory for Tissue Engineering, Grosshadern Medical Centre, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich.,Department of Medical Engineering, Technical University Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Jang-Sun Lee
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Laboratory for Tissue Engineering, Grosshadern Medical Centre, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich
| | - Bassil Akra
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Laboratory for Tissue Engineering, Grosshadern Medical Centre, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich
| | - Trixi Hollweck
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Laboratory for Tissue Engineering, Grosshadern Medical Centre, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich
| | - Erich Wintermantel
- Department of Medical Engineering, Technical University Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Christian Hagl
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Laboratory for Tissue Engineering, Grosshadern Medical Centre, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich
| | - Nikolaus Thierfelder
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Laboratory for Tissue Engineering, Grosshadern Medical Centre, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich
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17
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Reimer JM, Syedain ZH, Haynie BHT, Tranquillo RT. Pediatric tubular pulmonary heart valve from decellularized engineered tissue tubes. Biomaterials 2015; 62:88-94. [PMID: 26036175 PMCID: PMC4490908 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Pediatric patients account for a small portion of the heart valve replacements performed, but a pediatric pulmonary valve replacement with growth potential remains an unmet clinical need. Herein we report the first tubular heart valve made from two decellularized, engineered tissue tubes attached with absorbable sutures, which can meet this need, in principle. Engineered tissue tubes were fabricated by allowing ovine dermal fibroblasts to replace a sacrificial fibrin gel with an aligned, cell-produced collagenous matrix, which was subsequently decellularized. Previously, these engineered tubes became extensively recellularized following implantation into the sheep femoral artery. Thus, a tubular valve made from these tubes may be amenable to recellularization and, ideally, somatic growth. The suture line pattern generated three equi-spaced leaflets in the inner tube, which collapsed inward when exposed to back pressure, per tubular valve design. Valve testing was performed in a pulse duplicator system equipped with a secondary flow loop to allow for root distention. All tissue-engineered valves exhibited full leaflet opening and closing, minimal regurgitation (<5%), and low systolic pressure gradients (<2.5 mmHg) under pulmonary conditions. Valve performance was maintained under various trans-root pressure gradients and no tissue damage was evident after 2 million cycles of fatigue testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay M Reimer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Bee H T Haynie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, USA
| | - Robert T Tranquillo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, University of Minnesota, USA.
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18
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A Novel Seeding and Conditioning Bioreactor for Vascular Tissue Engineering. Processes (Basel) 2014. [DOI: 10.3390/pr2030526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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19
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Tsuchiya T, Sivarapatna A, Rocco K, Nanashima A, Nagayasu T, Niklason LE. Future prospects for tissue engineered lung transplantation: decellularization and recellularization-based whole lung regeneration. Organogenesis 2014; 10:196-207. [PMID: 24488093 PMCID: PMC4154954 DOI: 10.4161/org.27846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Revised: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The shortage of donor lungs for transplantation causes a significant number of patient deaths. The availability of laboratory engineered, functional organs would be a major advance in meeting the demand for organs for transplantation. The accumulation of information on biological scaffolds and an increased understanding of stem/progenitor cell behavior has led to the idea of generating transplantable organs by decellularizing an organ and recellularizing using appropriate cells. Recellularized solid organs can perform organ-specific functions for short periods of time, which indicates the potential for the clinical use of engineered solid organs in the future. The present review provides an overview of progress and recent knowledge about decellularization and recellularization-based approaches for generating tissue engineered lungs. Methods to improve decellularization, maturation of recellularized lung, candidate species for transplantation and future prospects of lung bioengineering are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoshi Tsuchiya
- Division of Surgical Oncology; Department of Surgery; Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Amogh Sivarapatna
- Departments of Anesthesia and Biomedical Engineering; Yale University; New Haven, CT USA
| | - Kevin Rocco
- Departments of Anesthesia and Biomedical Engineering; Yale University; New Haven, CT USA
| | - Atsushi Nanashima
- Division of Surgical Oncology; Department of Surgery; Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nagayasu
- Division of Surgical Oncology; Department of Surgery; Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Laura E Niklason
- Departments of Anesthesia and Biomedical Engineering; Yale University; New Haven, CT USA
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20
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Gallyamov MO, Chaschin IS, Khokhlova MA, Grigorev TE, Bakuleva NP, Lyutova IG, Kondratenko JE, Badun GA, Chernysheva MG, Khokhlov AR. Collagen tissue treated with chitosan solutions in carbonic acid for improved biological prosthetic heart valves. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2014; 37:127-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Revised: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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21
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In Vitro Comparison of Novel Polyurethane Aortic Valves and Homografts After Seeding and Conditioning. ASAIO J 2013; 59:309-16. [DOI: 10.1097/mat.0b013e318289b95e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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22
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Mathapati S, Bishi DK, Guhathakurta S, Cherian KM, Venugopal JR, Ramakrishna S, Verma RS. Biomimetic acellular detoxified glutaraldehyde cross-linked bovine pericardium for tissue engineering. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2013; 33:1561-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2012.12.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2012] [Revised: 10/16/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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23
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Aleksieva G, Hollweck T, Thierfelder N, Haas U, Koenig F, Fano C, Dauner M, Wintermantel E, Reichart B, Schmitz C, Akra B. Use of a special bioreactor for the cultivation of a new flexible polyurethane scaffold for aortic valve tissue engineering. Biomed Eng Online 2012. [PMID: 23206816 PMCID: PMC3538608 DOI: 10.1186/1475-925x-11-92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tissue engineering represents a promising new method for treating heart valve diseases. The aim of this study was evaluate the importance of conditioning procedures of tissue engineered polyurethane heart valve prostheses by the comparison of static and dynamic cultivation methods. Methods Human vascular endothelial cells (ECs) and fibroblasts (FBs) were obtained from saphenous vein segments. Polyurethane scaffolds (n = 10) were primarily seeded with FBs and subsequently with ECs, followed by different cultivation methods of cell layers (A: static, B: dynamic). Group A was statically cultivated for 6 days. Group B was exposed to low flow conditions (t1= 3 days at 750 ml/min, t2= 2 days at 1100 ml/min) in a newly developed conditioning bioreactor. Samples were taken after static and dynamic cultivation and were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), immunohistochemistry (IHC), and real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results SEM results showed a high density of adherent cells on the surface valves from both groups. However, better cell distribution and cell behavior was detected in Group B. IHC staining against CD31 and TE-7 revealed a positive reaction in both groups. Higher expression of extracellular matrix (ICAM, Collagen IV) was observed in Group B. RT- PCR demonstrated a higher expression of inflammatory Cytokines in Group B. Conclusion While conventional cultivation method can be used for the development of tissue engineered heart valves. Better results can be obtained by performing a conditioning step that may improve the tolerance of cells to shear stress. The novel pulsatile bioreactor offers an adequate tool for in vitro improvement of mechanical properties of tissue engineered cardiovascular prostheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genoveva Aleksieva
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical Center Munich University, Marchioninistraße 15, Munich 81377, Germany
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24
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König F, Hollweck T, Pfeifer S, Reichart B, Wintermantel E, Hagl C, Akra B. A Pulsatile Bioreactor for Conditioning of Tissue-Engineered Cardiovascular Constructs under Endoscopic Visualization. J Funct Biomater 2012; 3:480-96. [PMID: 24955628 PMCID: PMC4031004 DOI: 10.3390/jfb3030480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2012] [Revised: 06/27/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart valve disease (HVD) is a globally increasing problem and accounts for thousands of deaths yearly. Currently end-stage HVD can only be treated by total valve replacement, however with major drawbacks. To overcome the limitations of conventional substitutes, a new clinical approach based on cell colonization of artificially manufactured heart valves has been developed. Even though this attempt seems promising, a confluent and stable cell layer has not yet been achieved due to the high stresses present in this area of the human heart. This study describes a bioreactor with a new approach to cell conditioning of tissue engineered heart valves. The bioreactor provides a low pulsatile flow that grants the correct opening and closing of the valve without high shear stresses. The flow rate can be regulated allowing a steady and sensitive conditioning process. Furthermore, the correct functioning of the valve can be monitored by endoscope surveillance in real-time. The tubeless and modular design allows an accurate, simple and faultless assembly of the reactor in a laminar flow chamber. It can be concluded that the bioreactor provides a strong tool for dynamic pre-conditioning and monitoring of colonized heart valve prostheses physiologically exposed to shear stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian König
- Chair of Medical Engineering, Technical University Munich, Boltzmannstrasse 15, Garching 85748, Germany.
| | - Trixi Hollweck
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical Center Munich University, Marchioninistr. 15, Munich 81377, Germany.
| | - Stefan Pfeifer
- Chair of Medical Engineering, Technical University Munich, Boltzmannstrasse 15, Garching 85748, Germany.
| | - Bruno Reichart
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical Center Munich University, Marchioninistr. 15, Munich 81377, Germany.
| | - Erich Wintermantel
- Chair of Medical Engineering, Technical University Munich, Boltzmannstrasse 15, Garching 85748, Germany.
| | - Christian Hagl
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical Center Munich University, Marchioninistr. 15, Munich 81377, Germany.
| | - Bassil Akra
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical Center Munich University, Marchioninistr. 15, Munich 81377, Germany.
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25
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Simionescu DT, Chen J, Jaeggli M, Wang B, Liao J. Form Follows Function: Advances in Trilayered Structure Replication for Aortic Heart Valve Tissue Engineering. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2012; 3:179-202. [PMID: 23355946 DOI: 10.1260/2040-2295.3.2.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering the aortic heart valve is a challenging endeavor because of the particular hemodynamic and biologic conditions present in the native aortic heart valve. The backbone of an ideal valve substitute should be a scaffold that is strong enough to withstand billions of repetitive bending, flexing and stretching cycles, while also being slowly degradable to allow for remodeling. In this review we highlight three overlooked aspects that might influence the long term durability of tissue engineered valves: replication of the native valve trilayered histoarchitecture, duplication of the three-dimensional shape of the valve and cell integration efforts focused on getting the right number and type of cells to the right place within the valve structure and driving them towards homeostatic maintenance of the valve matrix. We propose that the trilayered structure in the native aortic valve that includes a middle spongiosa layer cushioning the motions of the two external fibrous layers should be our template for creation of novel scaffolds with improved mechanical durability. Furthermore, since cells adapt to micro-loads within the valve structure, we believe that interstitial cell remodeling of the valvular matrix will depend on the accurate replication of the structures and loads, resulting in successful regeneration of the valve tissue and extended durability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan T Simionescu
- Biocompatibility and Tissue Regeneration Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634
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26
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Guldner NW, Bastian F, Weigel G, Zimmermann H, Maleika M, Scharfschwerdt M, Rohde D, Sievers HH. Nanocoating with titanium reduces iC3b- and granulocyte-activating immune response against glutaraldehyde-fixed bovine pericardium: A new technique to improve biologic heart valve prosthesis durability? J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2012; 143:1152-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2011.10.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2011] [Revised: 10/05/2011] [Accepted: 10/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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27
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Wang X, Zhao Y, Fu Z, He Y, Xiang D, Zhang L. Prelining autogenic endothelial cells in allogeneic vessels inhibits thrombosis and intimal hyperplasia: an efficacy study in dogs. J Surg Res 2010; 169:148-55. [PMID: 20080261 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2009.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2009] [Revised: 08/31/2009] [Accepted: 09/11/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The long-term patency rates in vascular transplants (diameter<3.0-4.0mm) are very low due to thrombus formation and intimal hyperplasia. A possible mechanism is the loss of the endothelial cells (ECs) lining. Previous attempts to reseed ECs had poor results due to seeded cell loss, severe antigenicity, and low compliance. The objectives of this study were to generate an allogeneic vascular substitution with autogenic ECs and low antigenicity. METHODS ECs from mongrels were obtained and multiplied in vitro, then seeded to the allogeneic vein luminal surface, which was preserved by freeze-drying radiation. The cultivated cells' secretory function was confirmed by von Willebrand factor detection. The allogeneic vascular was then transplanted into animals' necks in situ. The physical properties, EC state, and vascular structure of the allogeneic vascular grafts were studied. RESULTS The secretory function of ECs did not vary in vitro. The expression level of MHC-II antigen in freeze-dried radiation-treated vasculature was lower than normal fresh vasculature (P<0.05). ECs covered the vascular inner surface and adhered tightly after implantation. As assessed by scanning electron micrograph, most ECs adhered tightly, and the cell polarity changed in accordance with the direction of the force. Allograft blood vessels with autogenic ECs implanted showed significant decreases in both thrombosis and intimal hyperplasia. CONCLUSION Allograft blood vessels seeded with autogenic ECs improved the patency of small-diameter grafts in a canine model. Our study showed a significant decrease in both thrombosis and intimal hyperplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehu Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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28
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Guldner NW, Jasmund I, Zimmermann H, Heinlein M, Girndt B, Meier V, Flüß F, Rohde D, Gebert A, Sievers HH. Detoxification and Endothelialization of Glutaraldehyde-Fixed Bovine Pericardium With Titanium Coating. Circulation 2009; 119:1653-60. [DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.108.823948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background—
Endothelial cell seeding of glutardialdehyde-fixed biological heart valves is hypothesized to improve biocompatibility and durability; however, the toxicity of glutardialdehyde prevents its use as a biological coating. Therefore, different detoxification strategies are applied, including surface coating with titanium, before in vitro endothelialization of glutaraldehyde-fixed bovine pericardium as the base material for prosthetic heart valves.
Methods and Results—
Bovine pericardium was fixed with 0.25% glutardialdehyde. Detoxification was performed with citric acid, aldehyde dehydrogenase, and plasma deposition with titanium at low temperatures of 30°C to 35°C. Toxic glutaraldehyde ligands were quantified photometrically, and the vitality of seeded cells was tested to validate detoxification methods. Detoxification agents and titanium coating were applied before seeding with human endothelial cells. Endothelial cells were visualized by electron microscopic surface scanning. To evaluate cell adhesion, shear stress was applied by a flow of 5 L/min over 24 hours. Compared with untreated glutaraldehyde-fixed samples, treatment with the different agents reduced free aldehyde groups gradually (citric acid 5% < citric acid 10% < titanium < aldehyde dehydrogenase). A combination of citric acid 10%, aldehyde dehydrogenase, and titanium coating resulted in a reduction of free aldehyde ligands to 17.3±4.6% (
P
≤0.05) and demonstrated a vitality of seeded cells of 94±6.7% (
P
≤0.05). This procedure yielded a completely confluent layer of regular human endothelial cells (n=5). After application of shear stress for 24 hours on these endothelial layers, cell vitality was 81%.
Conclusions—
Titanium coating combined with chemical procedures yielded significant detoxification and complete endothelialization of conventional glutaraldehyde-fixed pericardium. This new technique might improve glutardialdehyde-fixed cardiovascular bioimplants for better biocompatibility and longer durability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert W. Guldner
- From Klinik für Herzchirurgie (N.G., I.J., V.M., F.F., H.-H.S.), Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany; Gesellschaft für Elektrometallurgie Medizintechnik GmbH (H.Z., M.H., B.G.), Höfener Straße, Nürnberg, Germany; University of Applied Sciences (D.R.), Lübeck, Germany; and Institut für Anatomie (A.G.), Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Inka Jasmund
- From Klinik für Herzchirurgie (N.G., I.J., V.M., F.F., H.-H.S.), Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany; Gesellschaft für Elektrometallurgie Medizintechnik GmbH (H.Z., M.H., B.G.), Höfener Straße, Nürnberg, Germany; University of Applied Sciences (D.R.), Lübeck, Germany; and Institut für Anatomie (A.G.), Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Hanngörg Zimmermann
- From Klinik für Herzchirurgie (N.G., I.J., V.M., F.F., H.-H.S.), Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany; Gesellschaft für Elektrometallurgie Medizintechnik GmbH (H.Z., M.H., B.G.), Höfener Straße, Nürnberg, Germany; University of Applied Sciences (D.R.), Lübeck, Germany; and Institut für Anatomie (A.G.), Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Markus Heinlein
- From Klinik für Herzchirurgie (N.G., I.J., V.M., F.F., H.-H.S.), Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany; Gesellschaft für Elektrometallurgie Medizintechnik GmbH (H.Z., M.H., B.G.), Höfener Straße, Nürnberg, Germany; University of Applied Sciences (D.R.), Lübeck, Germany; and Institut für Anatomie (A.G.), Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Britta Girndt
- From Klinik für Herzchirurgie (N.G., I.J., V.M., F.F., H.-H.S.), Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany; Gesellschaft für Elektrometallurgie Medizintechnik GmbH (H.Z., M.H., B.G.), Höfener Straße, Nürnberg, Germany; University of Applied Sciences (D.R.), Lübeck, Germany; and Institut für Anatomie (A.G.), Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Veronika Meier
- From Klinik für Herzchirurgie (N.G., I.J., V.M., F.F., H.-H.S.), Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany; Gesellschaft für Elektrometallurgie Medizintechnik GmbH (H.Z., M.H., B.G.), Höfener Straße, Nürnberg, Germany; University of Applied Sciences (D.R.), Lübeck, Germany; and Institut für Anatomie (A.G.), Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Florian Flüß
- From Klinik für Herzchirurgie (N.G., I.J., V.M., F.F., H.-H.S.), Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany; Gesellschaft für Elektrometallurgie Medizintechnik GmbH (H.Z., M.H., B.G.), Höfener Straße, Nürnberg, Germany; University of Applied Sciences (D.R.), Lübeck, Germany; and Institut für Anatomie (A.G.), Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Daniel Rohde
- From Klinik für Herzchirurgie (N.G., I.J., V.M., F.F., H.-H.S.), Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany; Gesellschaft für Elektrometallurgie Medizintechnik GmbH (H.Z., M.H., B.G.), Höfener Straße, Nürnberg, Germany; University of Applied Sciences (D.R.), Lübeck, Germany; and Institut für Anatomie (A.G.), Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Andreas Gebert
- From Klinik für Herzchirurgie (N.G., I.J., V.M., F.F., H.-H.S.), Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany; Gesellschaft für Elektrometallurgie Medizintechnik GmbH (H.Z., M.H., B.G.), Höfener Straße, Nürnberg, Germany; University of Applied Sciences (D.R.), Lübeck, Germany; and Institut für Anatomie (A.G.), Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Hans-Hinrich Sievers
- From Klinik für Herzchirurgie (N.G., I.J., V.M., F.F., H.-H.S.), Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany; Gesellschaft für Elektrometallurgie Medizintechnik GmbH (H.Z., M.H., B.G.), Höfener Straße, Nürnberg, Germany; University of Applied Sciences (D.R.), Lübeck, Germany; and Institut für Anatomie (A.G.), Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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Schopka S, Schmid FX, Hirt S, Birnbaum DE, Schmid C, Lehle K. Recellularization of biological heart valves with human vascular cells:In vitrohemocompatibility assessment. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2009; 88:130-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.31159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Ye X, Zhao Q, Sun X, Li H. Enhancement of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Attachment to Decellularized Porcine Aortic Valve Scaffold byIn VitroCoating with Antibody Against CD90: A Preliminary Study on Antibody-Modified Tissue-Engineered Heart Valve. Tissue Eng Part A 2009; 15:1-11. [PMID: 18759669 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2008.0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Ye
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoning Sun
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Haiqing Li
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
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31
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Kidane AG, Burriesci G, Cornejo P, Dooley A, Sarkar S, Bonhoeffer P, Edirisinghe M, Seifalian AM. Current developments and future prospects for heart valve replacement therapy. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2009; 88:290-303. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.31151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Brody S, Pandit A. Approaches to heart valve tissue engineering scaffold design. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2008; 83:16-43. [PMID: 17318822 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.30763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Heart valve disease is a significant cause of mortality worldwide. However, to date, a nonthrombogenic, noncalcific prosthetic, which maintains normal valve mechanical properties and hemodynamic flow, and exhibits sufficient fatigue properties has not been designed. Current prosthetic designs have not been optimized and are unsuitable treatment for congenital heart defects. Research is therefore moving towards the development of a tissue engineered heart valve equivalent. Two approaches may be used in the creation of a tissue engineered heart valve, the traditional approach, which involves seeding a scaffold in vitro, in the presence of specific signals prior to implantation, and the guided tissue regeneration approach, which relies on autologous reseeding in vivo. Regardless of the approach taken, the design of a scaffold capable of supporting the growth of cells and extracellular matrix generation and capable of withstanding the unrelenting cardiovascular environment while forming a tight seal during closure, is critical to the success of the tissue engineered construct. This paper focuses on the quest to design, such a scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Brody
- National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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Kobayashi K, Suzuki T, Nomoto Y, Tada Y, Miyake M, Hazama A, Nakamura T, Omori K. Potential of Heterotopic Fibroblasts as Autologous Transplanted Cells for Tracheal Epithelial Regeneration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 13:2175-84. [PMID: 17539734 DOI: 10.1089/ten.2007.0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The tracheal epithelium maintains the health of the respiratory tract through mucociliary clearance and regulation of ion and water balance. When the trachea is surgically removed, artificial grafts have been clinically used by our group to regenerate the trachea. In such cases, the tracheal epithelium needs 2 months for functional regeneration. Previous study has shown that fibroblasts facilitate tracheal epithelial regeneration. In this study, heterotopic fibroblasts originating from the dermis, nasal, and gingival mucosa were cocultured with tracheal epithelial cells to evaluate their potential as autologous transplanted cells for tracheal epithelial regeneration. The epithelia induced by the heterotopic fibroblasts showed differences in structure, cilia development, mucin secretion, and expression of ion and water channels. These results indicated that nasal fibroblasts could not induce mature tracheal epithelium and that dermal fibroblasts induced epidermis-like epithelium. Only the gingival fibroblasts (GFBs) could induce morphologically and functionally normalized tracheal epithelium comparable to the epithelium induced by tracheal fibroblasts. Epithelial cell proliferation and migration were also upregulated by GFBs. These results indicate that GFBs are useful as autologous transplant cells for tracheal epithelial regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Kobayashi
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
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34
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Vincentelli A, Wautot F, Juthier F, Fouquet O, Corseaux D, Marechaux S, Le Tourneau T, Fabre O, Susen S, Van Belle E, Mouquet F, Decoene C, Prat A, Jude B. In vivo autologous recellularization of a tissue-engineered heart valve: are bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells the best candidates? J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2007; 134:424-32. [PMID: 17662783 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2007.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2006] [Revised: 04/05/2007] [Accepted: 05/02/2007] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Bone marrow stem cells, especially the mesenchymal stem cell subpopulation, have been used to create in vitro tissue-engineered heart valves. We hypothesized that autologous bone marrow cells, injected in a decellularized porcine scaffold before surgical implantation, could promote in vivo recolonization and limit valve deterioration. We thus analyzed the effects of in situ injection of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells and of mesenchymal stem cells on the outcome of xenogenic decellularized scaffolds in a lamb model. METHODS Decellularized porcine pulmonary valves were implanted in the pulmonary artery under cardiopulmonary bypass in 14 lambs after injection in the scaffold of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMC) group (n = 7) or of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) group (n = 7). At 4 months, valve function was evaluated by echocardiography, and valves were explanted for macroscopic and histologic analysis. RESULTS Mean transvalvular and distal gradients (millimeters of mercury) were lower in the MSC than those in the BMMC group (1.3 +/- 0.39 vs 4.24 +/- 0.91 and 4.05 +/- 1.89 vs 12.02 +/- 6.95, respectively; P < .02). Histologic examination showed significant recolonization and re-endothelialization in both groups. However, significant valve thickening and inflammatory cell infiltration were observed in the BMMC group. By contrast, valves from the MSC group displayed extracellular matrix and cell disposition close to those of native pulmonary valves. CONCLUSIONS Tissue-engineered heart valves created from mesenchymal stem cells, injected directly in a decellularized xenograft scaffold, exhibited satisfactory hemodynamic and histologic aspects after 4 months. Further long-term studies are needed to demonstrate the potential of mesenchymal stem cells for clinical application in heart valve surgery.
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Akar AR, Durdu S, Corapcioglu T, Ozyurda U. Regenerative medicine for cardiovascular disorders-new milestones: adult stem cells. Artif Organs 2006; 30:213-32. [PMID: 16643380 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1594.2006.00209.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disorders are the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in the developed world. Cell-based modalities have received considerable scientific attention over the last decade for their potential use in this clinical arena. This review was intended as a brief overview on the subject of therapeutic potential of adult stem cells in cardiovascular medicine with basic science findings and the current status of clinical applications. The historical perspective and basic concepts are reviewed and a description of current applications and potential adverse effects in cardiovascular medicine is given. Future improvements on cell-based therapies will likely provide remarkable improvement in survival and quality of life for millions of patients with cardiovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ruchan Akar
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart Center, Ankara University School of Medicine and Ankara University Biotechnology Institute, Turkey.
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36
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Juthier F, Vincentelli A, Gaudric J, Corseaux D, Fouquet O, Calet C, Le Tourneau T, Soenen V, Zawadzki C, Fabre O, Susen S, Prat A, Jude B. Decellularized heart valve as a scaffold for in vivo recellularization: Deleterious effects of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2006; 131:843-52. [PMID: 16580443 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2005.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2005] [Revised: 11/20/2005] [Accepted: 11/28/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autologous recellularization of decellularized heart valve scaffolds is a promising challenge in the field of tissue-engineered heart valves and could be boosted by bone marrow progenitor cell mobilization. The aim of this study was to examine the spontaneous in vivo recolonization potential of xenogeneic decellularized heart valves in a lamb model and the effects of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor mobilization of bone marrow cells on this process. METHODS Decellularized porcine aortic valves were implanted in 12 lambs. Six lambs received granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (10 microg x kg(-1) x d(-1) for 7 days, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor group), and 6 received no granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (control group). Additionally, nondecellularized porcine valves were implanted in 5 lambs (xenograft group). Angiographic and histologic evaluation was performed at 3, 6, 8, and 16 weeks. RESULTS Few macroscopic modifications of leaflets and the aortic wall were observed in the control group, whereas progressive shrinkage and thickening of the leaflets appeared in the granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and xenograft groups. In the 3 groups progressive ovine cell infiltration (fluorescence in situ hybridization) was observed in the leaflets and in the adventitia and the intima of the aortic wall but not in the media. Neointimal proliferation of alpha-actin-positive cells, inflammatory infiltration, adventitial neovascularization, and calcifications were more important in the xenograft and the granulocyte colony-stimulating factor groups than in the control group. Continuous re-endothelialization appeared only in the control group. CONCLUSION Decellularized xenogeneic heart valve scaffolds allowed partial autologous recellularization. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor led to accelerated heart valve deterioration similar to that observed in nondecellularized xenogeneic cardiac bioprostheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Juthier
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) ERI-9, Faculté de Médecine, Lille, France
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Gulbins H, Pritisanac A, Pieper K, Goldemund A, Meiser BM, Reichart B, Daebritz S. Successful Endothelialization of Porcine Glutaraldehyde-Fixed Aortic Valves in a Heterotopic Sheep Model. Ann Thorac Surg 2006; 81:1472-9. [PMID: 16564295 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2005.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2005] [Revised: 11/03/2005] [Accepted: 11/04/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of our study was to evaluate the stability of an artificially seeded endothelial cell layer on porcine aortic prostheses under in vivo conditions in the arterial system. DESCRIPTION Ten female sheep were divided into two groups. Animals of the study group (n = 7) had dissection of their right external jugular vein for cell harvesting. Myofibroblasts and endothelial cells were labelled with PKH-26, seeded onto pretreated (10% citric acid) porcine glutaraldehyde-fixed aortic valves (Freestyle, Medtronic Inc, Duesseldorf, Germany), and the valves were implanted into the descending aorta. Controls (n = 3) received pretreated but unseeded valves. A shunt between the aortic arch and the left atrial appendage ensured systolic or diastolic leaflet motions, or both, that were documented by sonography. After 3 months the valves were explanted. Specimens for scanning electron microscopy and immunohistochemical staining were taken prior to implantation and after explantation. EVALUATION A neointimal proliferation was detected in the control group. No endothelial cells were found on the leaflets and the sinuses, but erythrocytes and thrombocytes were seen entrapped within the collagen fibers. Thrombus formation was documented macroscopically and histologically on the leaflets and the sinuses. In the study group a confluent endothelial cell layer was documented on the walls and leaflets. Neither neointimal proliferation nor any clots were seen. Some cells were still labelled positively indicating their origin from the initial cell seeding. No dilatation of any prosthesis was observed, but all valves showed slight thickening of the leaflets. CONCLUSIONS The artificially seeded endothelial cell layers remained stable under in vivo conditions in the arterial system. Biocompatibility of the prostheses seemed to be improved by reduction of thrombogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmut Gulbins
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Grosshadern, Munich, Germany.
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Gulbins H, Pritisanac A, Uhlig A, Goldemund A, Meiser BM, Reichart B, Daebritz S. Seeding of Human Endothelial Cells on Valve Containing Aortic Mini-Roots: Development of a Seeding Device and Procedure. Ann Thorac Surg 2005; 79:2119-26. [PMID: 15919322 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2004.05.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/06/2004] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Complete covering of an artificial valvular scaffold with endothelial cells may prevent thromboembolic complications and lead to an excellent biocompatibility. For this purpose, we developed a seeding device for reproducible cell seeding on valve containing aortic roots. DESCRIPTION Human endothelial cells and fibroblasts were obtained from saphenous vein pieces. Cryopreserved aortic roots (n = 25) were put into an especially developed tube, set on a rotator, and incubated with the cell suspension. The device rotated in two axes (sagittal and axial), ensuring slight movements of the leaflets. The rotation alternated with resting periods, allowing cell attachment to the surface. Different resting periods were tested (groups 1, 2, and 3 were 30, 45, and 60 min, respectively; n = 5 each). Total incubation time was 24 hours followed by further culturing for 6 days. In two further groups (groups 4 and 5; n = 5 each), a modified inlay was used to allow the cell suspension to flow around the entire graft. In group 4 the grafts were again incubated with human endothelial cells; however, in group 5 pre-seeding with autologous fibroblasts was done in addition. Immunohistochemical staining with antibodies against factor VIII, CD31, laminin, collagen IV, and CD90 were done, and scanning electron microscopy was done after initial seeding and after 6 days in culture. EVALUATION Seeding resulted in homogenous cell layers on the luminal surface of the free walls in all groups. With resting periods of 45 minutes, these results were also obtained on the leaflets, whereas the other resting times resulted in defects of the endothelial cell layer on the cusps. After 6 days under culture conditions, the endothelial cell layers were confluent and viable, with the exception of the leaflets in group 1. With the modified inlay (groups 4 and 5), confluent cell layers were also achieved on the outer surface. In group 5 pre-seeding with autologous fibroblasts resulted in enhanced synthesis of extracellular matrix proteins, as was demonstrated with immunohistochemical staining for collagen IV and laminin. CONCLUSIONS With this newly developed seeding device, confluent cell layers on valve containing aortic roots were reproducibly achieved. The technique enables further experimental research and even clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmut Gulbins
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Grosshadern, Munich, Germany.
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Morsi YS, Birchall I. Tissue engineering a functional aortic heart valve: an appraisal. Future Cardiol 2005; 1:405-11. [DOI: 10.1517/14796678.1.3.405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Valvular heart disease is an important cause of morbidity and mortality, and currently available substitutes for failing hearts have serious limitations. A new promising alternative that may overcome these shortcomings is provided by the relatively new field of tissue engineering (TE). TE techniques involve the growth of autologous cells on a 3D matrix that can be a biodegradable polymer scaffold, or an acellular tissue matrix. These approaches provide the potential to create living matrix valve structures with an ability to grow, repair and remodel within the recipient. This article provides an appraisal of artificial heart valves and an overview of developments in TE that includes the current limitations and challenges for creating a fully functional valve. Biomaterials and stem cell technologies are now providing the potential for new avenues of research and if combined with advances in the rapid prototyping of biomaterials, the engineering of personalized, fully functional, and autologous tissue valve replacements, may become a clinical alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yos S Morsi
- Swinburne University of Technology, Tissue Engineering Research Group, Hawthorn, Melbourne, 3122 Australia. http://tissueengineering.com.au
| | - Ian Birchall
- Swinburne University of Technology, Tissue Engineering Research Group, Hawthorn, Melbourne, 3122 Australia
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Gulbins H, Dauner M, Petzold R, Goldemund A, Anderson I, Doser M, Meiser B, Reichart B. Development of an artificial vessel lined with human vascular cells. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2004; 128:372-7. [PMID: 15354094 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2003.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Thrombogenity of small-diameter vascular prostheses might be reduced by complete coverage of the luminal surface with vascular cells. We investigated cell seeding on polyurethane vascular prostheses. METHODS Thirty polyurethane vascular prostheses were divided into 3 groups of 10 each: group A, diameter of 20 mm and gamma-sterilized; group B, diameter of 4 mm and gamma-sterilized; and group C, diameter of 4 mm and ethylene oxide sterilized. Human smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells were isolated from saphenous vein segments and expanded in culture. Five polyurethane vascular prostheses of each group were seeded with endothelial cells alone (mean, 4.8 +/- 1.2 x 10(6) cells), and the remaining 5 polyurethane vascular prostheses were preseeded with a mixed culture of fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells (mean, 7.7 +/- 2.3 x 10(6) cells), followed by endothelial cell seeding (mean, 4.4 +/- 0.9 x 10(6) cells). Seven days after cell seeding, the polyurethane vascular prostheses were perfused under a pulsatile flow (80 pulses/min, 140/80 mm Hg, and 120 mL/min) for 2 hours. Specimens were taken after each seeding procedure both before and after perfusion and then examined both with a scanning electron microscope and immunohistochemically. RESULTS Isolated endothelial cell seeding revealed better initial adhesion in groups A and B than in group C (63% vs 33%). After 7 days, the cells had covered approximately 80% of the luminal surface in groups A and B, whereas group C cells rounded up and lost adhesion. After perfusion testing of group A and B prostheses, only 10% of the surface was still covered with endothelial cells. Preseeding with the mixed culture again revealed a better initial adhesion in groups A and B compared with that in group C (76% vs 41%). In groups A and B endothelial cell seeding (adhesion, 72%) resulted in a confluent endothelial cell layer. The results of immunohistochemical staining were positive for collagen IV, laminin, CD31, and Factor VIII. In group C only isolated cells were found after each seeding procedure, which rounded up and vanished during the next days. Perfusion testing of group A and B prostheses revealed that the confluent cell layer remained stable, with only small defects (<10% of the surface). The cells stained positivively for endothelial nitric oxide synthase. CONCLUSION Seeding of a mixed culture out of fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells resulted in improved endothelial cell adhesion and resistance to shear stress. This outcome was caused by an increased synthesis of extracellular matrix proteins. Cell attachment was better on gamma-sterilized polyurethane vascular prostheses compared with on those undergoing ethylene oxide sterilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmut Gulbins
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Grosshadern, LMU Munich, Germany.
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Abstract
Valvular heart disease is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality world-wide. Classical replacement surgery involves the implantation of mechanical valves or biological valves (xeno- or homografts). Tissue engineering of heart valves represents a new experimental concept to improve current modes of therapy in valvular heart surgery. Various approaches have been developed differing either in the choice of scaffold (synthetic biodegradable polymers, decellularised xeno- or homografts) or cell source for the production of living tissue (vascular derived cells, bone marrow cells or progenitor cells from the peripheral blood). The use of autologous bone marrow cells in combination with synthetic biodegradable scaffolds bears advantages over other tissue engineering approaches: it is safe, it leads to complete autologous prostheses and the cells are more easily obtained in the clinical routine. Even though we demonstrated the feasibility to construct living functional tissue engineered heart valves from human bone marrow cells, so far their general potential to differentiate into non-hematopoietic cell lineages is not fully exploited for tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Neuenschwander
- Department of Surgical Research, University Hospital Zürich, Rämistrasse 100, CH 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
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