1
|
Zhang X, Guo Z, Sun P, Liu X, Luo Z, Li J, Zhang D, Xu X. Removal of unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine: A critical review with particular focus on photocatalytic oxidation. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2023.123425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
|
2
|
Semenkov I, Koroleva T. Review on the environmental impact of emissions from space launches: a case study for areas affected by the Russian space programme. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:89807-89822. [PMID: 36346528 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23888-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we summarised the main field-based approaches and a large volume of data on the territories affected by the Russian space programme conducted at Plesetsk, Baikonur, and Vostochny cosmodromes. Influence of space transportation on the ozone layer depletion, as well as on environmental and human health, is negligible. The environmental consequences of rocket and space activities within launch pads and the terrestrial drop zones of jettisoned first stages of launch vehicles are allowable. Moreover, it is negligible in the second stage drop zones. Unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine pollution is local and does not result in the formation of ecological disaster zones because ecosystems restore by themselves. Influence of rocket launches on the mesospheric cloud formation is short-time or/and insignificant. The environmental impact of space transportation by the Russian space programme on the terrestrial ecosystems is well-studied. To approve or to disprove these findings similar researches should be carried out in other terrestrial and aquatic drop zones affected due to the space programmes of other countries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Semenkov
- Lomonosov Moscow State Universit, Leninskie Gory GSP-1, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Tatyana Koroleva
- Lomonosov Moscow State Universit, Leninskie Gory GSP-1, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sholokhova AY, Grinevich OI, Matyushin DD, Buryak AK. Machine learning-assisted non-target analysis of a highly complex mixture of possible toxic unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine transformation products with chromatography-mass spectrometry. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:135764. [PMID: 35863423 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) is a toxic and environmentally hostile compound that was massively introduced to the environment during previous decades due to its use in the space and rocket industry. The compound forms multiple transformation products, and many of them are as dangerous as UDMH or even more dangerous. The danger includes, but is not limited to, acute toxicity, chronic health hazards, carcinogenicity, and environmental damage. UDMH transformation products are poorly investigated. In this work, the mixture formed by long storage of the waste that contained UDMH was studied. Even a preliminary screening of such a mixture is a complex task. It consists of dozens of compounds, and most of them are missing in chemical and spectral databases. The complete preparative separation of such a mixture is very laborious. We applied several methods of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and several machine learning and chemoinformatics methods to make a preliminary but informative screening of the mixture. Machine learning allowed predicting retention indices and mass spectra of candidate structures. The combination of various ion sources and a comparison of the observed with the predicted spectra and retention was used to propose confident structures for 24 compounds. It was demonstrated that neither high-resolution mass spectrometry nor mass spectral library matching is enough to elucidate the structures of unknown UDMH transformation products. At the same time, the use of machine learning and a combination of methods significantly improves the identification power. Finally, machine learning was applied to estimate the acute toxicity of the discovered compounds. It was shown that many of them are comparable to or even more toxic than UDMH itself. Such an extremely wide and still underestimated variety of easily formed derivatives of UDMH can lead to a significant underestimation of the potential hazard of this compound.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Yu Sholokhova
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 31 Leninsky Prospect, Moscow, GSP-1, 119071, Russia.
| | - Oksana I Grinevich
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 31 Leninsky Prospect, Moscow, GSP-1, 119071, Russia
| | - Dmitriy D Matyushin
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 31 Leninsky Prospect, Moscow, GSP-1, 119071, Russia
| | - Aleksey K Buryak
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 31 Leninsky Prospect, Moscow, GSP-1, 119071, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ovchinnikov DV, Vakhrameev SA, Falev DI, Ul’yanovskii NV, Kosyakov DS. Rapid Simultaneous Quantification of 1-Formyl-2,2-Dimethylhydrazine and Dimethylurea Isomers in Environmental Samples by Supercritical Fluid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27155025. [PMID: 35956973 PMCID: PMC9370278 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27155025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
When released to the environment, the rocket fuel unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) undergoes oxidative transformations, resulting in the formation of an extremely large number of nitrogen-containing transformation products, including isomeric compounds which are difficult to discriminate by common chromatography techniques. In the present work, supercritical fluid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (SFC-MS/MS) was proposed for resolving the problem of fast separation and simultaneous quantification of 1-formyl-2,2-dimethylhydrazine (FADMH) as one of the major UDMH transformation products, and its isomers—1,1-dimethylurea (UDMU) and 1,2-dimethylurea (SDMU). 2-Ethylpyridine stationary phase provided baseline separation of analytes in 1.5 min without the distortion of the chromatographic peaks. Optimization of SFC separation and MS/MS detection conditions allowed for the development of rapid, sensitive, and “green” method for the simultaneous determination of FADMH, UDMU, and SDMU in environmental samples with LOQs of 1–10 µg L−1 and linear range covering three orders of magnitude. The method was validated and successfully tested on the real extracts of peaty and sandy soils polluted with rocket fuel and UDMH oxidation products. It was shown that both UDMU and SDMU are formed in noticeable amounts during UDMH oxidation. Despite relatively low toxicity, UDMU can be considered one of the major UDMH transformation products and a potential marker of soil pollution with toxic rocket fuel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denis V. Ovchinnikov
- Laboratory of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Core Facility Center “Arktika”, Northern (Arctic) Federal University, Arkhangelsk 163002, Russia
| | - Sergey A. Vakhrameev
- Laboratory of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Core Facility Center “Arktika”, Northern (Arctic) Federal University, Arkhangelsk 163002, Russia
| | - Danil I. Falev
- Laboratory of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Core Facility Center “Arktika”, Northern (Arctic) Federal University, Arkhangelsk 163002, Russia
| | - Nikolay V. Ul’yanovskii
- Laboratory of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Core Facility Center “Arktika”, Northern (Arctic) Federal University, Arkhangelsk 163002, Russia
- Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research, Arkhangelsk 163000, Russia
- Correspondence: (N.V.U.); (D.S.K.)
| | - Dmitry S. Kosyakov
- Laboratory of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Core Facility Center “Arktika”, Northern (Arctic) Federal University, Arkhangelsk 163002, Russia
- Correspondence: (N.V.U.); (D.S.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
1,1-Dimethylhydrazine adsorption on intrinsic, vacancy, and N-doped graphene: a first-principle study. J Mol Model 2022; 28:227. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-022-05232-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
6
|
Hu C, Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Liu ZF, Feng XS. Unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine and related compounds in the environment: Recent updates on pretreatment, analysis, and removal techniques. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 432:128708. [PMID: 35344890 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (1,1-Dimethylhydrazine, UDMH) has been widely used as aerospace fuel in many countries. The launch of space vehicles can cause the release and leakage of UDMH into the environment, posing serious threats to ecology system and human population. Even worse, the health risks are also pertinent to its numerous classes of transformation products including N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), because most of them display carcinogenic and mutagenic properties. Recently, there has been an intense ongoing development of simple, fast, green, and effective techniques for determining and removing these hazardous substances. This review summarizes the latest research progress regarding the sources, fates, pretreatment, analysis, and removal techniques of UDMH and related products in the environment. Sample preparation methods mainly include pressurized liquid extraction, liquid-phase microextraction techniques, solid-phase extraction, headspace-solid-phase microextraction, and supercritical fluid extraction. Detection and identification methods mainly include high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS), gas chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS), and sensors. Removal methods mainly include advanced oxidation processes, adsorption, biodegradation techniques. The advantages/disadvantages, applications, and trends of the proposed approaches are thoroughly discussed to provide a valuable reference for further studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cong Hu
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Yuan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China.
| | - Zhi-Fei Liu
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
| | - Xue-Song Feng
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Huang Y, He Z, Liao X, Cheng Y, Qi H. NDMA reduction mechanism of UDMH by O 3/PMS technology. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 805:150418. [PMID: 34818816 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Carcinogenic N, N-Dimethylnitrosamine (NDMA) has been reported to generate significantly during ozonation of fuel additive unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH), the combined ozone/Peroxy-Monosulfate (O3/PMS) technology was tried for reducing its formation in this study. The influence of PMS dosages, ozone concentrations, pH, Br- and humic acid (HA) on NDMA formation from UDMH were investigated. In addition, the reduction mechanisms were explored by intermediates identification and Gaussian calculation. The results demonstrated that O3/PMS technology was effective on NDMA reduction, reaching an efficiency of 81% with 80 μM PMS. Higher NDMA reduction rates were achieved by O3/PMS with increasing pH within the scope of research (from 5 to 9), achieving a maximum of 69.9% at pH 9. The presence of bromide ion facilitated NDMA generation during ozonation, but the reduction efficiency by O3/PMS slightly improved from 66.3% to 70.6%. The presence of HA reduced NDMA formation in O3/PMS system. The contribution of SO4•- on NDMA reduction accounted for ~64%, which was higher than that of •OH (41.4%); however, its promotion role on conversing UDMH to NDMA was lower than O3. Therefore, the technology could reduce NDMA formation effectively. In addition, the results of Gaussian calculation manifested that the N atom in -NH2 group of UDMH was easily attacked not only by •OH but also by O3, so it is the key path that determines final NDMA formation. This study would provide reference for reducing NDMA formation during ozonation of UDMH-containing water matrixes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Huang
- Institute of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Zixiang He
- Institute of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Xiaobin Liao
- Institute of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Fujian 361021, China.
| | - Yusheng Cheng
- Institute of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Huan Qi
- College of Textiles and Appearl, Quanzhou Normal University, Fujian 362000, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Popov MS, Ul’yanovskii NV, Kosyakov DS. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Quantification of 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine Transformation Products in Aqueous Solutions: Accelerated Water Sample Preparation. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26195743. [PMID: 34641287 PMCID: PMC8510043 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26195743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of highly toxic rocket fuel based on 1,1-dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) in many types of carrier rockets poses a threat to environment and human health associated with an ingress of UDMH into wastewater and natural reservoirs and its transformation with the formation of numerous toxic nitrogen-containing products. Their GC-MS quantification in aqueous samples requires matrix change and is challenging due to high polarity of analytes. To overcome this problem, accelerated water sample preparation (AWASP) based on the complete removal of water with anhydrous sodium sulfate and transferring analytes into dichloromethane was used. Twenty-nine UDMH transformation products including both the acyclic and heterocyclic compounds of various classes were chosen as target analytes. AWASP ensured attaining near quantitative extraction of 23 compounds with sample preparation procedure duration of no more than 5 min. Combination of AWASP with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and using pyridine-d5 as an internal standard allowed for developing the rapid, simple, and low-cost method for simultaneous quantification of UDMH transformation products with detection limits of 1-5 μg L-1 and linear concentration range covering 4 orders of magnitude. The method has been validated and successfully tested in the analysis of aqueous solutions of rocket fuel subjected to oxidation with atmospheric oxygen, as well as pyrolytic gasification in supercritical water modelling wastewater from carrier rockets launch sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark S. Popov
- Laboratory of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Core Facility Center ‘Arktika’, Northern (Arctic) Federal University, 163002 Arkhangelsk, Russia; (M.S.P.); (D.S.K.)
| | - Nikolay V. Ul’yanovskii
- Laboratory of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Core Facility Center ‘Arktika’, Northern (Arctic) Federal University, 163002 Arkhangelsk, Russia; (M.S.P.); (D.S.K.)
- Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research, 163000 Arkhangelsk, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Dmitry S. Kosyakov
- Laboratory of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Core Facility Center ‘Arktika’, Northern (Arctic) Federal University, 163002 Arkhangelsk, Russia; (M.S.P.); (D.S.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hao-Yang W, Ying J, Jing-Xin X. Detection of 1,1 dimethylhydrazine by graphene oxide: first principles study. J Mol Model 2021; 27:250. [PMID: 34392405 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-021-04873-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The surface of graphene oxide (GO) with different oxidation levels is widely used in gas sensing applications. 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine (unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine, UDMH) as a highly toxic and volatile pollution gas has long been investigated and discussed. The research reported here examined the stable structure of GO surface by first principles calculation. Furthermore, the adsorption mechanism of UDMH on the stable GO surface was explored and the optimal adsorption distance and upper limit of adsorption quantity were determined with their adsorption energy calculated. The results reveal that the hydroxyl group on GO did a great service to the UDMH adsorption and the UDMH tends to approach GO from the direction of -NH2, with distance being 2.9 Å.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wang Hao-Yang
- Xi'an Research Institute of High Technology, Xian, 710025, China
- Xi'an International Studies University, Xian, 710128, China
| | - Jia Ying
- Xi'an Research Institute of High Technology, Xian, 710025, China.
- Xi'an International Studies University, Xian, 710128, China.
| | - Xiao Jing-Xin
- Xi'an Research Institute of High Technology, Xian, 710025, China
- Xi'an International Studies University, Xian, 710128, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Khesina ZB, Karnaeva AE, Pytskii IS, Buryak AK. The mysterious mass death of marine organisms on the Kamchatka Peninsula: A consequence of a technogenic impact on the environment or a natural phenomenon? MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 166:112175. [PMID: 33636643 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The increased incidence of environmental disasters in recent years is a matter of serious concern. The reasons for the disaster on the Kamchatka Peninsula (Russia), which occurred in September 2020 and caused the mass death of marine organisms, have not yet been established. This is the first study of the environmental disaster on Kamchatka and should shed light on the possible impact of two main man-made factors associated with an oil spill and a rocket fuel spill. The traces of oil products found in marine organisms could not have led to their death, as they indicate old oil pollution, heavy metals concentrations did not exceed the average values for the studied objects. The propellant and its transformation products were not found in the samples. Thus, having excluding the two main technogenic factors of the death of marine organisms, we can conclude that it was probably caused by a natural phenomenon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zoya B Khesina
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect, 31-4, GSP-1, 119071 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Anastasia E Karnaeva
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect, 31-4, GSP-1, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan S Pytskii
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect, 31-4, GSP-1, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey K Buryak
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect, 31-4, GSP-1, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ul’yanov AV, Polunin KE, Polunina IA, Buryak AK. Studying Products of Hydrazine Interaction with Isothiocyanates by Means of Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036024421050290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
12
|
Polunin KE, Ul’yanov AV, Polunina IA, Buryak AK. Detection and Neutralization of Unsymmetrical Dimethylhydrazine on the Surface of Construction Materials. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s003602442103016x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The construction materials that contacted with unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine and the desorption solutions obtained when treating the contaminated surface of metals and alloys with water and reagents were studied by chromatography and mass spectrometry. Neutralization of unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine was studied using ozone and shungite. Ozonation makes it possible to destroy the toxicant molecules chemically and physically adsorbed on the surface of metal constructions, due to which they can be reused and utilized. Shungite effectively adsorbs and catalytically decomposes not only unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine and its transformation products, but also oligomer compounds formed during the storage of hydrazine fuel. Ozonation of spent shungite can increase the efficiency of destructive processes and completeness of its regeneration.
Collapse
|
13
|
Polunin KE, Ul’yanov A, Polunina IA, Buryak AK. Detection of Alkylhydrazine Impurities in Hydrocarbon Rocket Propellants by Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry. RUSS J APPL CHEM+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070427221020075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
14
|
Pytskii IS, Minenkova IV, Kuznetsova ES, Zalavutdinov RK, Uleanov AV, Buryak AK. Surface chemistry of structural materials subjected to corrosion. PURE APPL CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2019-1219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The article describes a comprehensive mass spectrometric approach to the study of surfaces of structural materials. The combined use of thermal desorption mass spectrometry, gas and liquid chromatography, and laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (LDI) to provide information about the surface and surface layers of materials is proposed. The suggested method allows one to determine the thermodynamic characteristics of compounds and surface contaminants adsorbed on surfaces, as well as surface layers, to determine the composition of volatile and non-volatile contaminants on the surface, and to determine the nature of the distribution over the surface of these compounds. The method allows to obtain the most complete information about the surface condition and can be used to predict the life of structural materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan. S. Pytskii
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry , Russian Academy of Sciences (IPCE RAS) , Moscow , Russia
| | - Irina V. Minenkova
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry , Russian Academy of Sciences (IPCE RAS) , Moscow , Russia
| | - Elena S. Kuznetsova
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry , Russian Academy of Sciences (IPCE RAS) , Moscow , Russia
| | - Rinad Kh. Zalavutdinov
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry , Russian Academy of Sciences (IPCE RAS) , Moscow , Russia
| | - Aleksei V. Uleanov
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry , Russian Academy of Sciences (IPCE RAS) , Moscow , Russia
| | - Aleksei K. Buryak
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry , Russian Academy of Sciences (IPCE RAS) , Moscow , Russia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ul'yanovskii NV, Lakhmanov DE, Pikovskoi II, Falev DI, Popov MS, Kozhevnikov AY, Kosyakov DS. Migration and transformation of 1,1-dimethylhydrazine in peat bog soil of rocket stage fall site in Russian North. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 726:138483. [PMID: 32315849 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
An ingress of highly toxic rocket fuel 1,1-dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) and its transformation products into environment represents a serious negative impact on the ecosystem, as well as human health. The present research demonstrates the first data on the spatial distribution and quantification of UDMH and its main transformation products (methylhydrazine, hydrazine, 1,1,4,4-tetramethyltetrazene, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and furaldehyde N,N-dimethylhydrazones, 1-formyl-2,2-dimethylhydrazine, N,N-dimethylformamide, N-nitrosodimethylamine, and 1-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole) in the peat bog soil of the fall site in subarctic region. One hundred samples of peat bog soil and one sample of surface water were analyzed by the developed earlier methodology. The considerable amounts of UDMH and most of its transformation products were found at distances of not >10 m from the center of the fall site. The maximum concentration of UDMH was found near the center, where maximal permissible concentration (MPC) was exceeded 2400-fold. The greatest pollution was observed in the surface soil layer, while methylhydrazine, 1-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole, 1-formyl-2,2-dimethylhydrazine, formaldehyde and acetaldehyde N,N-dimethylhydrazones, and N,N-dimethylformamide were the major UDMH transformation products. With increasing distance from the center, the composition of the transformation products changes in favor of the last three compounds. Formaldehyde N,N-dimethylhydrazone and N,N-dimethylformamide are present in all soil samples and can be considered as reliable markers of contamination with rocket fuel. The surface water of the peat bog contained four UDMH transformation products in considerable concentrations, including extremely toxic N-nitrosodimethylamine. The processes of migration and transformation of UDMH in peat bog soil differ considerably from those in sandy soils. This is due to cold climate of subarctic zone, the reducing environment of peat bog, and strong binding of hydrazines to organic matter of peat, which prevents migration of pollutants and contributes to the long-term maintenance of high levels of soil pollution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay V Ul'yanovskii
- Core Facility Center 'Arktika', Northern (Arctic) Federal University, Arkhangelsk 163002, Russia; Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Arkhangelsk 163000, Russia
| | - Dmitry E Lakhmanov
- Core Facility Center 'Arktika', Northern (Arctic) Federal University, Arkhangelsk 163002, Russia
| | - Ilya I Pikovskoi
- Core Facility Center 'Arktika', Northern (Arctic) Federal University, Arkhangelsk 163002, Russia
| | - Danil I Falev
- Core Facility Center 'Arktika', Northern (Arctic) Federal University, Arkhangelsk 163002, Russia
| | - Mark S Popov
- Core Facility Center 'Arktika', Northern (Arctic) Federal University, Arkhangelsk 163002, Russia
| | - Alexander Yu Kozhevnikov
- Core Facility Center 'Arktika', Northern (Arctic) Federal University, Arkhangelsk 163002, Russia
| | - Dmitry S Kosyakov
- Core Facility Center 'Arktika', Northern (Arctic) Federal University, Arkhangelsk 163002, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Polunin KE, Ul’yanov AV, Polunina IA, Buryak AK. Application of Shungit for Neutralization of Toxic Components of Hydrazine Fuel. RUSS J APPL CHEM+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070427220060142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
17
|
Kosyakov DS, Ul’yanovskii NV, Ivakhnov AD, Pikovskoi II. Transformation of Unsymmetrical Dimethylhydrazine in Supercritical Water. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990793119070157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
18
|
Ul’yanov AV, Polunina IA, Matyushin DD, Polunin KE, Buryak AK. The Influence of the Surface Chemistry of Sorbents on the Efficiency of Separation of Mixed S,N-Derivatives of 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine. COLLOID JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061933x1905017x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
19
|
Kosyakov DS, Ul'yanovskii NV, Pikovskoi II, Kenessov B, Bakaikina NV, Zhubatov Z, Lebedev AT. Effects of oxidant and catalyst on the transformation products of rocket fuel 1,1-dimethylhydrazine in water and soil. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 228:335-344. [PMID: 31039540 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.04.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Existing methods for cleanup of wastewaters and soils polluted with the extremely toxic rocket fuel unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) are mainly based on the treatment with various oxidative reagents. Until now, the assessment of their effectiveness was based on the residual content of UDMH and did not take into account the possibility of the formation of a large number of potentially dangerous nitrogen-containing transformation products (TPs). In this study, using the recently developed approach based on high-resolution Orbitrap mass spectrometry, the comprehensive characterization of UDMH TPs formed by the action of air oxygen and different oxidants (Fenton's reagent, KMnO4, HOCl, H2O2 in the presence of Cu2+ and [Fe (EDTA)]- catalysts) typically used to detoxify spill sites was performed. The range of the identified molecular formulas of TPs comprised 303 compounds of various classes. Among them, there is a number of major products not previously described in the literature. It was established that none of the investigated oxidative reagents ensures complete conversion of rocket fuel to safe compounds. The hydrogen peroxide based reagents, particularly H2O2 + Na [Fe (EDTA)] system currently used in Kazakhstan, give the greatest number of TPs, for many of which a toxicity was not characterized so far. The majority of the compounds found in model solutions was detected in extracts of soil from the crash site of the Proton carrier rocket, which was subjected to the on-site reagent treatment. During successive treatments, along with the decrease in the number of detectable UDMH TPs, their ratios change in favor of amines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry S Kosyakov
- Core Facility Center "Arktika", M.V. Lomonosov Northern (Arctic) Federal University, Northern Dvina Emb. 17, Arkhangelsk, 163002, Russia.
| | - Nikolay V Ul'yanovskii
- Core Facility Center "Arktika", M.V. Lomonosov Northern (Arctic) Federal University, Northern Dvina Emb. 17, Arkhangelsk, 163002, Russia
| | - Ilya I Pikovskoi
- Core Facility Center "Arktika", M.V. Lomonosov Northern (Arctic) Federal University, Northern Dvina Emb. 17, Arkhangelsk, 163002, Russia
| | - Bulat Kenessov
- Center of Physical Chemical Methods of Research and Analysis, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 96A Tole Bi Street, 050012, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Nadezhda V Bakaikina
- Center of Physical Chemical Methods of Research and Analysis, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 96A Tole Bi Street, 050012, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Zhailaubay Zhubatov
- Scientifc Research Center "Garysh-Ecologiya", Aerospace Committee of the Ministry of Investments and Development of the Republic of Kazakhstan, 108 Nauryzbay Batyr Street, 050000, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Albert T Lebedev
- Core Facility Center "Arktika", M.V. Lomonosov Northern (Arctic) Federal University, Northern Dvina Emb. 17, Arkhangelsk, 163002, Russia; Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/3, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Milyushkin AL, Birin KP, Matyushin DD, Semeikin AV, Iartsev SD, Karnaeva AE, Uleanov AV, Buryak AK. Isomeric derivatives of triazoles as new toxic decomposition products of 1,1-dimethylhydrazine. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 217:95-99. [PMID: 30414547 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.10.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) is a rocket propellant for carrier rockets and missiles. UDMH is environmentally hostile compound, which easily forms a variety of toxic products of oxidative transformation. The liquidation of unused UDMH from retired launch sites is performed by the complete burning of UDMH-containing wastes. Due cyclicity of the burning equipment the UDMH-containing wastes are subject of prolonged storage in contact with atmospheric oxygen and thus contains a complicated mixture of UDMH degradation products. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) and NMR were used for the isolation on characterization of new highly polar and potentially toxic UDMH transformation products in the mixture. Two series of unreported isomers with high ionization cross section in electrospray ionization were isolated by repeated preparative HPLC. The structures of the isomers were established by tandem HRMS and NMR. The cytotoxicity of the isolated compounds has been preliminarily studied and found to be similar to UDMH or higher.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksey L Milyushkin
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 31 Leninsky Prospect, Moscow, GSP-1, 119071, Russia.
| | - Kirill P Birin
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 31 Leninsky Prospect, Moscow, GSP-1, 119071, Russia
| | - Dmitriy D Matyushin
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 31 Leninsky Prospect, Moscow, GSP-1, 119071, Russia
| | - Alexander V Semeikin
- N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 1 Ostrovitianov str., Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Stepan D Iartsev
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 31 Leninsky Prospect, Moscow, GSP-1, 119071, Russia
| | - Anastasia E Karnaeva
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 31 Leninsky Prospect, Moscow, GSP-1, 119071, Russia
| | - Alexey V Uleanov
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 31 Leninsky Prospect, Moscow, GSP-1, 119071, Russia
| | - Aleksey K Buryak
- A.N. Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 31 Leninsky Prospect, Moscow, GSP-1, 119071, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ul’yanov AV, Zenkevich IG, Polunina IA, Polunin KE, Buryak AK. Special Features of the Interaction between Asymmetric Dimethylhydrazine and Thiocontaining Schungite. COLLOID JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061933x18050186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
22
|
Ul’yanovskii NV, Kosyakov DS, Pikovskoi II, Shavrina IS, Shpigun OA. Determination of 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine and its Transformation Products in Soil by Zwitterionic Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Chromatographia 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-018-3522-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
23
|
Ul’yanov AV, Polunina IA, Polunin KE, Buryak AK. Physicochemical Grounds for Application of Schungite for Neutralization of 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine in Wastewater. COLLOID JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061933x18010131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
24
|
Iartsev SD, Pytskii IS, Karnaeva AE, Buryak AK. Surface-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry for the detection of low-molecular-weight and oligomeric products of 1,1-dimethylhydrazine transformation on the surfaces of construction materials. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s199079311704025x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
25
|
Iartsev SD, Pytskii IS, Zenkevich IG, Buryak AK. Chromatographic and mass-spectrometric study of the surfaces of construction materials after contact with 1,1-dimethylhydrazine. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s106193481706017x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
26
|
Ul'yanovskii NV, Kosyakov DS, Pikovskoi II, Khabarov YG. Characterisation of oxidation products of 1,1-dimethylhydrazine by high-resolution orbitrap mass spectrometry. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 174:66-75. [PMID: 28160679 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.01.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
1,1-Dimethylhydrazine is used as a fuel for carrier rockets in the majority of countries implementing space exploration programs. Being highly reactive, 1,1-dimethylhydrazine easily undergoes oxidative transformation with the formation of a number of toxic, mutagenic, and teratogenic compounds. The use of high-resolution mass spectrometry for the study of the reaction of 1,1-dimethylhydrazine oxidation with hydrogen peroxide in aqueous solution allowed us to find hundreds of nitrogen-containing products of the CHN and CHNO classes, formed via radical processes. The vast majority of the compounds have not been previously considered as possible products of the transformation of rocket fuel. We have shown that the oxidation of 1,1-dimethylhydrazine proceeds in two stages, with the formation of a great number of complex unstable intermediates that contain up to ten nitrogen atoms. These intermediates are subsequently converted into final reaction products with a concomitant decrease in the average molecular weight. The intermediates and final products of the oxidative transformation of 1,1-dimethylhydrazine were characterised on the basis of their elemental composition using van Krevelen diagrams and possible compounds corresponding to the most intense peaks in the mass spectra were proposed. The data obtained are indicative of the presence of the following classes of heterocyclic nitrogen-containing compounds among the oxidation products: imines, piperidines, pyrrolidines, dihydropyrazoles, dihydroimidazoles, triazoles, aminotriazines, and tetrazines. The results obtained open up possibilities for the targeted search and identification of new toxic products of the degradation of rocket fuel and, as a result, a more adequate assessment of the ecological consequences of space-rocket activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N V Ul'yanovskii
- Core Facility Center "Arktika", M.V. Lomonosov Northern (Arctic) Federal University, Northern Dvina Emb. 17, Arkhangelsk, 163002, Russia
| | - D S Kosyakov
- Core Facility Center "Arktika", M.V. Lomonosov Northern (Arctic) Federal University, Northern Dvina Emb. 17, Arkhangelsk, 163002, Russia.
| | - I I Pikovskoi
- Core Facility Center "Arktika", M.V. Lomonosov Northern (Arctic) Federal University, Northern Dvina Emb. 17, Arkhangelsk, 163002, Russia
| | - Yu G Khabarov
- Core Facility Center "Arktika", M.V. Lomonosov Northern (Arctic) Federal University, Northern Dvina Emb. 17, Arkhangelsk, 163002, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Polunin KE, Goncharova IS, Ul’yanov AV, Polunina IA, Buryak AK. Soft ionization mass spectrometry for studying desorption of bioactive compounds from a shungite surface. COLLOID JOURNAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061933x17020090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
28
|
Chromatography-mass spectrometry studies of transarylation and disproportionation reactions of diaryl telluroxides. Russ Chem Bull 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-017-1784-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
29
|
Quantification of Transformation Products of Unsymmetrical Dimethylhydrazine in Water Using SPME and GC-MS. Chromatographia 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-017-3286-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
30
|
Kosyakov DS, Amosov AS, Ul’yanovskii NV, Ladesov AV, Khabarov YG, Shpigun OA. Spectrophotometric determination of hydrazine, methylhydrazine, and 1,1-dimethylhydrazine with preliminary derivatization by 5-nitro-2-furaldehyde. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s106193481702006x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
31
|
Ul’yanovskii NV, Kosyakov DS, Pokryshkin SA, Bogolitsyn KG. Determination of transformation products of 1,1-dimethylhydrazine by gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934815130080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|