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Yu H, Gao R, Liu Y, Fu L, Zhou J, Li L. Stimulus-Responsive Hydrogels as Drug Delivery Systems for Inflammation Targeted Therapy. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306152. [PMID: 37985923 PMCID: PMC10767459 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Deregulated inflammations induced by various factors are one of the most common diseases in people's daily life, while severe inflammation can even lead to death. Thus, the efficient treatment of inflammation has always been the hot topic in the research of medicine. In the past decades, as a potential biomaterial, stimuli-responsive hydrogels have been a focus of attention for the inflammation treatment due to their excellent biocompatibility and design flexibility. Recently, thanks to the rapid development of nanotechnology and material science, more and more efforts have been made to develop safer, more personal and more effective hydrogels for the therapy of some frequent but tough inflammations such as sepsis, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, periodontitis, and ulcerative colitis. Herein, from recent studies and articles, the conventional and emerging hydrogels in the delivery of anti-inflammatory drugs and the therapy for various inflammations are summarized. And their prospects of clinical translation and future development are also discussed in further detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Yu
- The Eighth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhenGuangdong518033P. R. China
| | - Rongyao Gao
- Department of ChemistryRenmin University of ChinaBeijing100872P. R. China
| | - Yuxin Liu
- Department of Biomolecular SystemsMax‐Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces14476PotsdamGermany
| | - Limin Fu
- Department of ChemistryRenmin University of ChinaBeijing100872P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of ChemistryCapital Normal UniversityBeijing100048P. R. China
| | - Luoyuan Li
- The Eighth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhenGuangdong518033P. R. China
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Khan RU, Shao J, Liao JY, Qian L. pH-triggered cancer-targeting polymers: From extracellular accumulation to intracellular release. NANO RESEARCH 2023; 16:5155-5168. [PMID: 36618069 PMCID: PMC9807988 DOI: 10.1007/s12274-022-5252-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive polymers are promising to achieve targeted delivery, improved stability during circulation, and controlled release of therapeutic and diagnostic agents. Among them, pH-responsive polymeric nanocarriers have attracted significant attention as pH varies in different body fluids (e.g., stomach, intestine, and colon) and intracellular organelles (e.g., endosome, lysosome, and mitochondria) to maintain homeostasis, while distinctive pH changes are also found in certain pathological states. For example, the extracellular environment of the tumor is acidic, which can be employed to drive selective delivery. During the internalization process, since most nanocarriers enter cells upon endocytosis where a drop of pH from 6.5 to 5.0 can occur from endosome to lysosome, pH-sensitive groups have been developed for enhanced cargo release. In this review, both non-covalent and covalent interactions responsive to pH changes are introduced, with a focus on the structure-property relationship and their applications in cancer targeting and endosomal escape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizwan Ullah Khan
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cancer Center & Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Jinning Shao
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cancer Center & Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Jia-Yu Liao
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cancer Center & Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Linghui Qian
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cancer Center & Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
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Cyclo- and Polyphosphazenes for Biomedical Applications. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238117. [PMID: 36500209 PMCID: PMC9736570 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic and polyphosphazenes are extremely interesting and versatile substrates characterized by the presence of -P=N- repeating units. The chlorine atoms on the P atoms in the starting materials can be easily substituted with a variety of organic substituents, thus giving rise to a huge number of new materials for industrial applications. Their properties can be designed considering the number of repetitive units and the nature of the substituent groups, opening up to a number of peculiar properties, including the ability to give rise to supramolecular arrangements. We focused our attention on the extensive scientific literature concerning their biomedical applications: as antimicrobial agents in drug delivery, as immunoadjuvants in tissue engineering, in innovative anticancer therapies, and treatments for cardiovascular diseases. The promising perspectives for their biomedical use rise from the opportunity to combine the benefits of the inorganic backbone and the wide variety of organic side groups that can lead to the formation of nanoparticles, polymersomes, or scaffolds for cell proliferation. In this review, some aspects of the preparation of phosphazene-based systems and their characterization, together with some of the most relevant chemical strategies to obtain biomaterials, have been described.
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Cross-Linked Poly(cyclotriphosphazene-co-phloretin) Microspheres and Their Application for Controlled Drug Delivery. Macromol Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-022-0066-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Khan RU, Yu H, Wang L, Teng L, Zain‐ul‐Abdin, Nazir A, Fahad S, Elshaarani T, Haq F, Shen D. Synthesis of amino‐cosubstituted polyorganophosphazenes and fabrication of their nanoparticles for anticancer drug delivery. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rizwan Ullah Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological EngineeringZhejiang University Hangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Haojie Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological EngineeringZhejiang University Hangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological EngineeringZhejiang University Hangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Lisong Teng
- Oncological Surgery and Cancer Center, the First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University Hangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Zain‐ul‐Abdin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological EngineeringZhejiang University Hangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Ahsan Nazir
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological EngineeringZhejiang University Hangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Shah Fahad
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological EngineeringZhejiang University Hangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Tarig Elshaarani
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological EngineeringZhejiang University Hangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Fazal Haq
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological EngineeringZhejiang University Hangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Di Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological EngineeringZhejiang University Hangzhou People's Republic of China
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Kasiński A, Zielińska-Pisklak M, Oledzka E, Sobczak M. Smart Hydrogels - Synthetic Stimuli-Responsive Antitumor Drug Release Systems. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:4541-4572. [PMID: 32617004 PMCID: PMC7326401 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s248987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Among modern drug formulations, stimuli-responsive hydrogels also called "smart hydrogels" deserve a special attention. The basic feature of this system is the ability to change their mechanical properties, swelling ability, hydrophilicity, bioactive molecules permeability, etc., influenced by various stimuli, such as temperature, pH, electromagnetic radiation, magnetic field and biological factors. Therefore, stimuli-responsive matrices can be potentially used in tissue engineering, cell cultures and technology of innovative drug delivery systems (DDSs), releasing the active substances under the control of internal or external stimuli. Moreover, smart hydrogels can be used as injectable DDSs, due to gel-sol transition connected with in situ cross-linking process. Innovative smart hydrogel DDSs can be utilized as matrices for targeted therapy, which enhances the effectiveness of tumor chemotherapy and subsequently limits systemic toxicity. External stimulus sensitivity allows remote control over the drug release profile and gel formation. On the other hand, internal factors provide drg accumulation in tumor tissue and reduce the concentration of active drug form in healthy tissue. In this report, we summarise the basic knowledge and chemical strategies for the synthetic smart hydrogel DDSs applied in antitumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Kasiński
- Department of Biomaterials Chemistry, Chair of Analytical Chemistry and Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw02-097, Poland
| | - Monika Zielińska-Pisklak
- Department of Biomaterials Chemistry, Chair of Analytical Chemistry and Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw02-097, Poland
| | - Ewa Oledzka
- Department of Biomaterials Chemistry, Chair of Analytical Chemistry and Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw02-097, Poland
| | - Marcin Sobczak
- Department of Biomaterials Chemistry, Chair of Analytical Chemistry and Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw02-097, Poland
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Xu LC, Chen C, Zhu J, Tang M, Chen A, Allcock HR, Siedlecki CA. New cross-linkable poly[bis(octafluoropentoxy) phosphazene] biomaterials: Synthesis, surface characterization, bacterial adhesion, and plasma coagulation responses. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2020; 108:3250-3260. [PMID: 32558200 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Biomaterial-associated microbial infection and thrombosis represent major issues to the success of long-term use of implantable blood-contacting medical devices. The development of new poly[bis(octafluoropentoxy) phosphazene (OFP) biomaterials provides new routes for combatting microbial infection and thrombosis. However, the limited mechanical properties of OFP to date render them unsuitable for application in medical devices and inhibit any attempts at subsequent surface topography modification. In this study, we synthesized cross-linkable OFPs (X-OFPs) with the different degrees of cross-linking in an effort to improve the mechanical properties. The results showed that the surface chemistry and surface topography of X-OFPs do not change significantly, but the surface mechanical stiffness increased after cross-linking. Atomic force microscopic phase images showed that the polymer phase separation structures changed due to cross-linking. Experiments with three bacterial strains: Staphylococcal epidermidis, Staphylococcal aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed that bacterial adhesion was significantly decreased on the OFP and X-OFPs for both the pre-cross-linked and cross-linked as compared to polyurethane biomaterials. Furthermore, bacterial adhesions were lower on X-OFP surfaces than on pre-cross-linked materials, suggesting that mechanical stiffness is an important parameter influencing bacterial adhesion. Blood plasma coagulation responses revealed longer coagulation times for OFP and X-OFP materials than on polyurethanes, indicating that the new cross-linked OFPs are resistant to plasma coagulation compared to currently used polyurethane biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Chong Xu
- Department of Surgery, The Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jieru Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Meixian Tang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andy Chen
- Hershey High School, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Harry R Allcock
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Christopher A Siedlecki
- Department of Surgery, The Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
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Bobrov MF, Buzin MI, Primakov PV, Chistyakov EM. Investigation of hexakis[2-formylphenoxy]cyclotriphosphazene structure by single crystal X-ray diffraction and computer simulation. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.127896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Khanin D, Kononevich Y, Temnikov M, Morgalyuk V, Vasil'ev V, Popov A, Brel V, Papkov V, Muzafarov A. New hybrid materials based on cyclophosphazene and polysiloxane precursors: Synthesis and properties. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.122011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Arjunan A, Demetriou M, Baroutaji A, Wang C. Mechanical performance of highly permeable laser melted Ti6Al4V bone scaffolds. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2019; 102:103517. [PMID: 31877520 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2019.103517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Critically engineered stiffness and strength of a scaffold are crucial for managing maladapted stress concentration and reducing stress shielding. At the same time, suitable porosity and permeability are key to facilitate biological activities associated with bone growth and nutrient delivery. A systematic balance of all these parameters are required for the development of an effective bone scaffold. Traditionally, the approach has been to study each of these parameters in isolation without considering their interdependence to achieve specific properties at a certain porosity. The purpose of this study is to undertake a holistic investigation considering the stiffness, strength, permeability, and stress concentration of six scaffold architectures featuring a 68.46-90.98% porosity. With an initial target of a tibial host segment, the permeability was characterised using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) in conjunction with Darcy's law. Following this, Ashby's criterion, experimental tests, and Finite Element Method (FEM) were employed to study the mechanical behaviour and their interdependencies under uniaxial compression. The FE model was validated and further extended to study the influence of stress concentration on both the stiffness and strength of the scaffolds. The results showed that the pore shape can influence permeability, stiffness, strength, and the stress concentration factor of Ti6Al4V bone scaffolds. Furthermore, the numerical results demonstrate the effect to which structural performance of highly porous scaffolds deviate, as a result of the Selective Laser Melting (SLM) process. In addition, the study demonstrates that stiffness and strength of bone scaffold at a targeted porosity is linked to the pore shape and the associated stress concentration allowing to exploit the design freedom associated with SLM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Arjunan
- School of Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Telford, TF2 9NT, UK.
| | - Marios Demetriou
- School of Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Telford, TF2 9NT, UK
| | - Ahmad Baroutaji
- School of Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Telford, TF2 9NT, UK
| | - Chang Wang
- Department of Engineering and Design, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9RH, UK
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Khan RU, Wang L, Yu H, Abdin ZU, Haq F, Haroon M, Naveed KUR, Elshaarani T, Fahad S, Ren S, Wang J. Synthesis of polyorganophosphazenes and fabrication of their blend microspheres and micro/nanofibers as drug delivery systems. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2019.1581203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rizwan Ullah Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Haojie Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zain-Ul- Abdin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Fazal Haq
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Muhammad Haroon
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Kaleem-Ur-Rehman Naveed
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Tarig Elshaarani
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Shah Fahad
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Sicong Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
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Chistyakov EM, Buzin MI, Aksenov SM, Tupikov AS, Kireev VV. Thermal polycondensation of hexakis(p-acetylphenoxy)-cyclotriphosphazene. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2019.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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