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Doody O, O'Donnell C, Murphy L, Turner J, Markey K. The establishment and value of peer group clinical supervision: A qualitative study of stakeholders' perspectives. J Clin Nurs 2024. [PMID: 38837472 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.17315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Explore perspectives of steering group members and external clinical supervision facilitators of developing and establishing peer group clinical supervision. BACKGROUND The climate of healthcare is complex which can lead to staff burnout and challenges to practice. Clinical supervision is suggested as an approach to managing and leadership of such complexities. DESIGN Qualitative descriptive. METHODS Focus group interviews with 19 members of the peer group clinical supervision steering groups and individual interviews with five external clinical supervision facilitators from the Western region of Ireland were conducted. Data analysis followed Elo and Kyngäs' content analysis method, involving preparation, organising and reporting, to extract meaning and identify patterns from the qualitative data collected. RESULTS Developing peer group clinical supervision practice requires, clarity of purpose and function that address the pros and cons of clinical supervision. Organisational leadership is required to support and release staff for peer group clinical supervision and peer group clinical supervisors need to be credible and have a level of expertise in practice. When prepared and supported, the aspects of confidence, leadership, personal development and resilience develop. CONCLUSION Peer group clinical supervisors need training and ongoing continual professional development for their role, scope of practice and responsibilities. Sustainability rests on staff awareness and familiarity with the purpose and format of peer group clinical supervision and the regularity of sessions. IMPLICATIONS FOR THE PROFESSION AND/OR PATIENT CARE Peer group clinical supervision is a means of supporting improvement of patient care delivery while in parallel supporting personal and professional development of staff, building resilience in the workplace. IMPACT This study explored the implementation of peer group clinical supervision for staff across nursing and midwifery disciplines. It found that implementing peer group clinical supervision had a positive impact on staff well-being and morality and on patient care delivery. These findings influence healthcare service providers in implementing peer group clinical supervision in a sustainable way enabling nurses to continue working in complex healthcare environments delivering safe person-centred care. REPORTING METHOD The qualitative reporting guidelines Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research (SRQR) were followed. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION Patient/public involvement was addressed in this study by staff, managers, planners, directors, leaders and educationalists being involved at all stages of the study (concept, design, analysis and reporting).
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen Doody
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Claire O'Donnell
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Louise Murphy
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - James Turner
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - Kathleen Markey
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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Shahzeydi A, Farzi S, Tarrahi MJ, Sabouhi F, Babaei S, Yazdannik A. The effect of the clinical supervision model on nursing internship students' nursing process-based performance: an experimental study. BMC Nurs 2024; 23:166. [PMID: 38459482 PMCID: PMC10921759 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-024-01840-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The nursing process is a systematic method for identifying the patient's problems and planning to resolve them. It is also a crucial pillar of high-quality nursing care. Nursing internship students may lack the necessary skills to implement the nursing process due to the increased independence, the absence of constant professorial supervision, and limited experience. The clinical supervision model is a method of clinical education that bridges the gap between theory and practice. OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to investigate the impact of the clinical supervision model on the performance of nursing internship students in each of the five stages of the nursing process, as well as overall. METHOD This experimental study was conducted in 2022. The 70 eligible internship students were conveniently selected and randomly assigned to either an intervention or a control group. In the present study, the clinical supervision model was implemented for the intervention group, while the control group received routine supervision. This was carried out over six sessions in three months. The data collection was conducted using a researcher-developed checklist of nursing process-based performance in both groups. Moreover, the Manchester questionnaire was used to evaluate the model in the intervention group. The variables considered as confounding factors included age, gender, marital status, number of monthly shifts, and grades of the nursing process credit completed in the third semester. SPSS version 16 software, descriptive statistics (frequency distribution, percentage, mean, and standard deviation), and analytical statistics (independent t-test, chi square, repeated measures Anova and LSD) were used to analyze the data. RESULTS Intergroup analysis revealed that there was no significant difference between the scores of nursing process steps and the total score before the intervention in the control and intervention groups, as well as in baseline characteristics (P > 0.05). According to the intragroup analysis, the intervention group showed a significant increase in both the total scores and scores of nursing process steps over time (P < 0.001), whereas the control group exhibited contradictory results (P > 0.05). Finally, the "P-Value Intervention" demonstrated the effectiveness of this training model in improving the performance of the intervention group based on the nursing process compared to the control group. The mean score of the Manchester questionnaire in the intervention group was 136.74, indicating the high impact of implementing the clinical supervision model in the intervention group. CONCLUSION The results indicated that the implementation of the clinical supervision model led to improved utilization of the nursing process by nursing internship students at all stages. Therefore, it is recommended that nurse educators utilize the clinical supervision model by providing feedback on errors in action during supervision sessions to enhance the quality of nursing care provided by nursing internship students and improve patient safety in clinical environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Shahzeydi
- Pediatric Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sedigheh Farzi
- Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Department of Adult Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Javad Tarrahi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fakhri Sabouhi
- Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Department of Adult Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sima Babaei
- Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Department of Adult Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ahmadreza Yazdannik
- Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Department of Adult Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Maurer C, Alexander I, Nezic L, Woods S, Humphries B. A mixed-method approach to examining the experiences of allied health clinicians and managers of the performance, appraisal and development framework in a regional health care service. Aust J Rural Health 2024; 32:103-116. [PMID: 38009892 DOI: 10.1111/ajr.13068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Evaluating employee performance is important for organisational success however, limited research exists across the allied health workforce. OBJECTIVE This study investigated allied health clinician and manager experiences and perceptions of the appropriateness of the performance and development (PAD) framework. DESIGN A mixed methods design with purposive sampling was conducted in a medium size hospital and health service in regional Queensland to investigate the appropriateness of the PAD framework. A 29 item online survey collected likert scale and open ended responses. Identified respondents also completed a semi-structured interview. Aggregated satisfaction scores identifying PAD alignment, processes, education, resources and perceptions were analysed to identify organisational PAD appropriateness. Themes from interviews provided concurrent experiential data. FINDINGS Eighty-five respondents completed the online survey and 20 interviews were conducted. A Chi-Square Goodness of Fit test revealed a significant (p < 0.05) clinician (n = 75) response of moderate dissatisfaction (36%) for the PAD framework, while managers (n = 10) were neither dissatisfied nor satisfied (50%) or moderately satisfied (40%). Clinician aggregated agreement responses were significantly (p < 0.05) higher for PAD alignment (45%), processes (63%), education (49%) and lower for feedback (33%) and resources (28%). Manager aggregated agreement responses were high for PAD alignment (85%), processes (55%), education (57%), feedback (65%) and perceptions (50%). Interviews (n = 20) revealed three themes: uncertainty around PAD framework; expectations for experienced leadership and importance of discipline specific knowledge. DISCUSSION This study draws on both clinician and manager input to assess the overall PAD framework with responses favouring clinician dissatisfaction to the current process. CONCLUSION The PAD framework is valuable for staff development when there is positive rapport and discipline alignment between both clinician and manager. Successful staff appraisals require efficient and appropriate documentation that promotes individual development, clinical performance and organisational priorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly Maurer
- Central Queensland Hospital and Health Services, Allied Health Unit, Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia
| | - Inga Alexander
- Central Queensland Hospital and Health Services, Allied Health Unit, Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lucija Nezic
- Central Queensland Hospital and Health Services, Allied Health Unit, Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sharon Woods
- Gold Coast Hospital and Health Services, Allied Health Unit, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Brendan Humphries
- Central Queensland Hospital and Health Services, Allied Health Unit, Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia
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Styles M, Schafheutle E, Willis S, Shaw M. Pharmacy professionals' perceptions of educational supervision in primary care through the lens of Proctor's model. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2023; 23:503. [PMID: 37438773 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-023-04398-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Educational supervision plays a vital role in postgraduate medical education and more recently in pharmacy and advanced clinical practitioner training in England. Proctor's three-function model of clinical supervision (consisting of formative, restorative, and normative functions) is assumed to apply to educational supervision, but this has not been tested empirically. The aim of this study was to establish perceptions of the purpose of educational supervision from the perspective of primary care pharmacy professionals enrolled on a national training pathway in England. METHODS Using a mixed methods design, data were collected using a validated 25-item online survey and respondents were invited to add comments explaining their responses. The survey was sent to all 902 learners enrolled on a postgraduate training pathway for pharmacy professionals working in primary care. Principal components analysis (PCA) was used to interpret patterns in the survey data, and framework analysis of qualitative free text comments was used to identify themes and aid interpretation of quantitative findings. RESULTS One hundred eighty-seven pharmacy professionals responded (response rate 20.7%). PCA extracted three factors explaining 71.5% of the total variance. Factor 1 corresponded with survey items linked to the formative function of Proctor's model, while factor 2 corresponded with survey items linked to the restorative function. No items corresponded with the normative function. Framework analysis of qualitative free-text comments identified two themes: learning support, which corresponded with factor 1; and personal support, which corresponded with factor 2. CONCLUSIONS This study identified that pharmacy professionals perceived educational supervision to perform two functions, formative (educational) and restorative (pastoral), but did not perceive it to perform a normative (surveillance) function. Educational supervision has the potential to support allied health professionals advancing their roles and we suggest the need for more research to develop models of effective educational supervision which can inform practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Styles
- Centre for Pharmacy Postgraduate Education (CPPE), Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, England.
| | - Ellen Schafheutle
- Centre for Pharmacy Workforce Studies, Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, England
| | - Sarah Willis
- Alliance Manchester Business School, The University of Manchester, Manchester, England
| | - Matthew Shaw
- Centre for Pharmacy Postgraduate Education (CPPE), Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, England
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Khalaf A, Almutairi AB, Saeed R, Alotaibi N, Alhamad H, Ghadanfar L. The Supervisees' Perspectives Concerning the Clinical Supervision of Radiologic Sciences Students at Clinical Sites: Implications and Future Directions. ADVANCES IN MEDICAL EDUCATION AND PRACTICE 2023; 14:305-312. [PMID: 37016623 PMCID: PMC10066897 DOI: 10.2147/amep.s397035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Clinical supervision (CS) is essential to practice-based learning in radiology. The assessment of the effectiveness of CS is essential to ensure the success of the process and to provide high-quality patient care. PURPOSE This study aimed to evaluate the CS of both Diagnostic Radiography (DR) and Nuclear Medicine (NM) technology students studying at Kuwait University. METHODS The Manchester Clinical Supervision Scale-26 (MCSS-26©) was distributed electronically to 90 third and fourth year students from Radiologic Sciences department. Ethical approval was obtained from the Health Sciences Centre (HSC) Ethical Committee and all the participants provided electronic informed consent. Data are presented as mean ± SD. RESULTS Seventy responses were collected from DR and NM (response rate 78%, DR: n= 51, NM: n=19). Overall, the mean CS score from the MCSS was 67.7±11.3, n=70. CS in NM scored more effective than that in DR with a p=0.037 (72.3±10.1, 66.0±11.3, respectively). CONCLUSION The effectiveness of CS has been evaluated in third and fourth year students across the two divisions of RS the department at Kuwait University. This study showed that students value the impact of CS in their professional role and 70% reported being satisfied with the overall CS experience. Limited studies are available that focuses on students' perceptions about clinical supervision; therefore, more studies are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of CS among RS students. Implications for interprofessional education are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asseel Khalaf
- Radiologic Sciences Department, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Anwar B Almutairi
- Physical Therapy Department, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Raed Saeed
- Radiologic Sciences Department, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Naser Alotaibi
- Occupational Therapy Department, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Hamad Alhamad
- Occupational Therapy Department, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Layla Ghadanfar
- Radiologic Sciences Department, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
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Gardner MJ, McKinstry C, Perrin B. Effectiveness of allied health clinical supervision following the implementation of an organisational framework. BMC Health Serv Res 2022; 22:261. [PMID: 35219321 PMCID: PMC8881875 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-022-07636-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Clinical supervision makes an important contribution to high quality patient care and professional wellbeing for the allied health workforce. However, there is limited research examining the longitudinal implementation of clinical supervision for allied health. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of clinical supervision for allied health at a regional health service and clinicians’ perceptions of the implementation of an organisational clinical supervision framework.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted as a phase of an overarching participatory action research study. The Manchester Clinical Supervision Scale (MCSS-26) tool was used to measure clinical supervision effectiveness with additional open-ended questions included to explore the implementation of the clinical supervision framework. MCSS-26 findings were compared with an initial administration of the MCSS-26 5 years earlier. MCSS-26 data (total scores, summed domain and sub-scale scores) were analysed descriptively and reported as mean and standard deviation values. Differences between groups were analysed with independent-samples t-test (t) and one-way between groups ANOVA.
Results
There were 125 responses to the survey (response rate 50%). The total MCSS-26 score was 78.5 (S.D. 14.5). The total MCSS-26 score was unchanged compared with the initial administration. There was a statistically significant difference in clinical supervision effectiveness between speech pathology and physiotherapy (F = 2.9, p = 0.03) and higher MCSS-26 scores for participants whose clinical supervisor was a senior clinician and those who chose their clinical supervisor. Seventy percent of participants perceived that the organisation’s clinical supervision framework was useful and provided structure and consistent expectations for clinical supervision.
Conclusions
Clinical supervision was effective for allied health in this regional setting and clinical supervision effectiveness was maintained over a 5 year period. The implementation of an organisational clinical supervision framework may have a positive effect on clinical supervision for some professions.
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Snowdon DA, Kolic J, Taylor NF. Improvement in the Short-Term Effectiveness of the Clinical Supervision of Physiotherapists Who Have Taken Part in a Clinical Supervision Training Programme. Physiother Can 2021; 73:370-380. [PMID: 34880544 PMCID: PMC8614584 DOI: 10.3138/ptc-2019-0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate change in the effectiveness of clinical supervision of physiotherapists who took part in a clinical supervision training programme. Method: Our pre-post study design used both quantitative and qualitative methods. The programme consisted of three interactive sessions held with physiotherapists from a metropolitan public health network in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. The effectiveness of clinical supervision of supervisees was measured using the Manchester Clinical Supervision Scale (MCSS-26). The effectiveness of clinical supervision from the supervisors' perspective was measured using a clinical supervisor questionnaire. The physiotherapists' experience of participating in the training programme was then explored in focus groups. Results: A total of 36 physiotherapists participated in the training programme. Twelve weeks later, the physiotherapists (35) reported a moderate improvement in the effectiveness of clinical supervision, with a mean improvement of 5.4 units (95% CI: 2.0, 8.9; p = 0.003) on the MCSS-26 (score range 0-104). After training, a higher proportion of physiotherapists reported receiving effective clinical supervision (97% after vs. 53% before; p = 0.001). In the focus groups, the physiotherapists reported greater flexibility in their approach to clinical supervision and a more effective supervisory relationship. However, difficulty finding time for supervision remained a barrier. Conclusions: Physiotherapists reported an improvement in the effectiveness of clinical supervision after a clinical supervision training programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Snowdon
- Peninsula Clinical School, Monash University/Peninsula Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jessica Kolic
- Peninsula Clinical School, Monash University/Peninsula Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicholas F. Taylor
- Allied Health Clinical Research Office, La Trobe University/Eastern Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Rothwell C, Kehoe A, Farook SF, Illing J. Enablers and barriers to effective clinical supervision in the workplace: a rapid evidence review. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e052929. [PMID: 34588261 PMCID: PMC8479981 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-052929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to review the international literature to understand the enablers of and barriers to effective clinical supervision in the workplace and identify the benefits of effective clinical supervision. DESIGN A rapid evidence review. DATA SOURCES Five databases (CINAHL, OVID Embase, OVID Medline, OVID PsycInfo and ProQuest) were searched to ensure inclusion and breadth of healthcare professionals. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Studies identifying enablers and barriers to effective clinical supervision across healthcare professionals in a Western context between 1 January 2009 and 12 March 2019. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS An extraction framework with a detailed inclusion/exclusion criteria to ensure rigour was used to extract data. Data were analysed using a thematic qualitative synthesis. These themes were used to answer the research objectives. RESULTS The search identified 15 922 papers, reduced to 809 papers following the removal of duplicates and papers outside the inclusion criteria, with 135 papers being included in the full review. Enablers identified included regular supervision, occurs within protected time, in a private space and delivered flexibly. Additional enablers included supervisees being offered a choice of supervisor; supervision based on mutual trust and a positive relationship; a cultural understanding between supervisor and supervisee; a shared understanding of the purpose of supervision, based on individual needs, focused on enhancing knowledge and skills; training and feedback being provided for supervisors; and use of a mixed supervisor model, delivered by several supervisors, or by those trained to manage the overlapping (and potentially conflicting) needs of the individual and the service. Barriers included a lack of time, space and trust. A lack of shared understanding to the purpose of the supervision, and a lack of ongoing support and engagement from leadership and organisations were also found to be barriers to effective clinical supervision. CONCLUSIONS This review identified several enablers of and barriers to effective clinical supervision and the subsequent benefits of effective clinical supervision in a healthcare setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Rothwell
- School of Medical Education, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Amelia Kehoe
- Health Professions Education Unit, Hull York Medical School, York, UK
| | - Sophia Farhene Farook
- Emergency Medicine, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Jan Illing
- Health Professions Education Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
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Gardner M, McKinstry C, Perrin B. Group clinical supervision for allied health professionals. Aust J Rural Health 2021; 29:538-548. [PMID: 34365698 DOI: 10.1111/ajr.12775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate a group clinical supervision program for allied health professionals in a regional health service. DESIGN This study used a mixed-methods design including a cross-sectional, quantitative survey of group clinical supervision participants and a focus group of facilitators. SETTING A large regional health service in Victoria, providing hospital, community and mental health services. PARTICIPANTS Allied health professionals and managers employed at the health service. INTERVENTIONS Group clinical supervision, based on a critical reflection model, was implemented in 3 settings. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE The Clinical Supervision Evaluation Questionnaire was administered to group clinical supervision participants, with additional open-ended questions included. The Clinical Supervision Evaluation Questionnaire tool consists of 3 subscales relating to the purpose, process and impact of group clinical supervision. A focus group was used to capture the perspectives of group clinical supervision facilitators. RESULTS Fifteen survey responses were received. The overall Clinical Supervision Evaluation Questionnaire score was 56.53 (standard deviation 7.66). Scores for the Process Subscale were higher than the Purpose and Impact subscales. Themes from the open-ended survey questions included the following: value of multiple perspectives, opportunities for reflection, peer support and group process and structure. Themes from group facilitators' focus group included the following: need for group clinical supervision, value of facilitator training and support, and sustainability. CONCLUSION Group clinical supervision was perceived to be effective, enhancing reflection, learning and peer support. Organisational support, facilitator training, group structure and planning for sustainability were identified as critical factors for success. Interprofessional and cross-organisational models of group clinical supervision are strategies that could help address issues relating to access to quality clinical supervision for rural allied health professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Gardner
- La Trobe Rural Health School, Bendigo, Vic., Australia.,Bendigo Health, Bendigo, Vic., Australia
| | | | - Byron Perrin
- La Trobe Rural Health School, Bendigo, Vic., Australia
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Mc Carthy V, Goodwin J, Saab MM, Kilty C, Meehan E, Connaire S, Buckley C, Walsh A, O'Mahony J, O'Donovan A. Nurses and midwives' experiences with peer-group clinical supervision intervention: A pilot study. J Nurs Manag 2021; 29:2523-2533. [PMID: 34213054 DOI: 10.1111/jonm.13404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to evaluate differences in supervisees' understanding of clinical supervision and their perceptions of organisational functioning before and after engaging in peer-group clinical supervision. BACKGROUND Protected reflective time allows discussion of complex issues affecting health care. Peer-group clinical supervision is one model of clinical supervision that could facilitate this, but it is poorly understood. METHODS A pre-post intervention pilot study was performed. The intervention was delivered over a 12-month period. Data were collected using surveys on demographic and work-related factors and experience of clinical supervision pre- and post intervention. RESULTS Adaptability increased significantly between the pre- and post surveys. The post survey data showed finding time for clinical supervision scoring lowest with open-ended comments reinforcing this. The supervisees found the sessions to offer a safe place despite initial concerns. CONCLUSION The peer-group model of clinical supervision allowed supervisees to build a rapport and trust with their colleagues and share experiences. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT The benefits to participating in peer-group clinical supervision traversed the individual and organisation. These data support the implementation of such sessions while addressing workload and time pressures to aid participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Mc Carthy
- Catherine McAuley School of Nursing and Midwifery, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - John Goodwin
- Catherine McAuley School of Nursing and Midwifery, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Mohamad M Saab
- Catherine McAuley School of Nursing and Midwifery, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Caroline Kilty
- Catherine McAuley School of Nursing and Midwifery, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Elaine Meehan
- Catherine McAuley School of Nursing and Midwifery, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Sinead Connaire
- Nursing and Midwifery Planning and Development Unit, Health Service Executive, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Carmel Buckley
- Nursing and Midwifery Planning and Development Unit, Health Service Executive, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anne Walsh
- Nursing and Midwifery Planning and Development Unit, Health Service Executive, Dublin, Ireland
| | - James O'Mahony
- Catherine McAuley School of Nursing and Midwifery, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Aine O'Donovan
- Catherine McAuley School of Nursing and Midwifery, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Giannopoulos V, Morley KC, Uribe GM, Louie E, Wood K, Teesson M, Baillie A, Haber PS. The role of clinical supervision in implementing evidence-based practice for managing comorbidity. CLINICAL SUPERVISOR 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/07325223.2021.1909517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vicki Giannopoulos
- Drug Health Services, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Kirsten C. Morley
- Sydney School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Gabriela M. Uribe
- Drug Health Services, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Eva Louie
- Sydney School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Katie Wood
- Sydney School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Maree Teesson
- Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Andrew Baillie
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Paul S. Haber
- Drug Health Services, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, Australia
- Sydney School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Guess SC, Matthew SM, Cary JA, Nelson OL, McArthur ML. Clinical supervision in veterinary medicine. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2021; 257:255-261. [PMID: 32657661 DOI: 10.2460/javma.257.3.255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Howard V, Eddy-Imishue GEK. Factors influencing adequate and effective clinical supervision for inpatient mental health nurses' personal and professional development: An integrative review. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs 2020; 27:640-656. [PMID: 31981445 DOI: 10.1111/jpm.12604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT CS was developed to give healthcare professionals a space to reflect, problem solve and recognise their own practice. It is different from managerial supervision as it is for the benefit of the individual staff member's personal and professional development firstly, but can potentially benefit the quality of care delivered by the organisation. There have been a range of problems associated with inpatient mental health nurses' engagement in CS and in experiencing the benefits of CS. This is concerning for the delivery of high quality care and the recruitment and retention of inpatient mental health nurses. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS TO EXISTING KNOWLEDGE This paper explores and identifies factors influencing adequate and effective CS for inpatient mental health nurses' personal and professional development. It identifies 6 themes incorporating enablers and barriers for inpatient mental health nurses' CS which lead to practice recommendations for improvement. WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE This paper advocates a needs analysis to improve access to CS for inpatient mental health nurses. This review specifically adds further knowledge relating to inpatient mental health nurses' engagement with CS which the application of the needs analysis could influence. ABSTRACT Introduction Clinical supervision (CS) has been recognized as a reflective mechanism in inpatient mental health nursing practice; however, it remains unclear what adequate and effective supervision entails for inpatient mental health nurses. Aim To explore factors which influence adequate and effective clinical supervision for inpatient mental health nurses' personal and professional development. Method Whittemore and Knafl's model for ensuring rigour was utilized. This included stages to address problem identification, literature searching, data evaluation, data analysis and presentation. Seven electronic databases were searched with hand searching/Internet searching. Fourteen retrieved articles were selected and appraised using the Mixed Method Appraisal Tool (MMAT). The data extracted from the papers were analysed thematically. Results The review synthesis resulted in identifying six themes: (a) what makes CS effective; (b) reflection; (c) the facilitation of professional identity and knowledge through CS; (d) participation; (e) knowledge and understanding of CS; and (f) the facilitation of personal awareness and coping. Discussion This review adds further knowledge on the identification of effective CS for inpatient mental health nurses as a defined occupational healthcare group. Implications for practice A suggested needs analysis is presented to improve access to CS options with the aim of promoting effective CS and increased engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vickie Howard
- School of Health and Social Work, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, UK
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Snowdon DA, Cooke S, Lawler K, Scroggie G, Williams K, Taylor NF. Physiotherapists Prefer Clinical Supervision to Focus on Professional Skill Development: A Qualitative Study. Physiother Can 2020; 72:249-257. [PMID: 35110793 PMCID: PMC8781479 DOI: 10.3138/ptc-2019-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: We explored physiotherapists' perceptions of clinical supervision. Method: Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of 21 physiotherapists from a public hospital. Qualitative analysis was undertaken using an interpretive description approach. The Manchester Clinical Supervision Scale (MCSS-26) was administered to evaluate the participants' perceptions of the effectiveness of the clinical supervision they had received and to establish trustworthiness in the qualitative data by means of triangulation. Results: The major theme was that the content of clinical supervision should focus on professional skill development, both clinical and non-clinical. Four subthemes emerged as having an influence on the effectiveness of supervision: the model of clinical supervision, clinical supervision processes, supervisor factors, and supervisee factors. All sub-themes had the potential to act as either a barrier to or a facilitator of the perception that clinical supervision was effective. Conclusions: Physiotherapists reported that clinical supervision was most effective when it focused on their professional skill development. They preferred a direct model of supervision, whereby their supervisor directly observed and guided their professional skill development. They also described the importance of informal supervision in which guidance is provided as issues arise by supervisors who value the process of supervision. Physiotherapists emphasized that supervision should be driven by their learning needs rather than health organization processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Snowdon
- Peninsula Clinical School, Peninsula Health/Monash University, Frankston
| | - Shae Cooke
- Department of Physiotherapy, Eastern Health, Box Hill
| | - Katherine Lawler
- Department of Physiotherapy, Eastern Health, Box Hill
- Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tas., Australia
| | | | | | - Nicholas F. Taylor
- Allied Health Clinical Research Office, Eastern Health/La Trobe University, Melbourne, Vict
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Snowdon DA, Sargent M, Williams CM, Maloney S, Caspers K, Taylor NF. Effective clinical supervision of allied health professionals: a mixed methods study. BMC Health Serv Res 2019; 20:2. [PMID: 31888611 PMCID: PMC6937808 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-019-4873-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical supervision is recommended for allied health professionals for the purpose of supporting them in their professional role, continued professional development and ensuring patient safety and high quality care. The aim of this mixed methods study was to explore allied health professionals' perceptions about the aspects of clinical supervision that can facilitate effective clinical supervision. METHODS Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted on a purposive sample of 38 allied health professionals working in a metropolitan public hospital. Qualitative analysis was completed using an interpretive description approach. To enable triangulation of qualitative data, a quantitative descriptive survey of clinical supervision effectiveness was also conducted using the Manchester Clinical Supervision Scale (MCSS-26). RESULTS Three main themes emerged from qualitative analysis: Allied health professionals reported that clinical supervision was most effective when their professional development was the focus of clinical supervision; the supervisor possessed the skills and attributes required to facilitate a constructive supervisory relationship; and the organisation provided an environment that facilitated this relationship together with their own professional development. Three subthemes also emerged within each of the main themes: the importance of the supervisory relationship; prioritisation of clinical supervision relative to other professional duties; and flexibility of supervision models, processes and approaches to clinical supervision. The mean MCSS-26 score was 79.2 (95%CI 73.7 to 84.3) with scores ranging from 44 to 100. MCSS-26 results converged with the qualitative findings with participants reporting an overall positive experience with clinical supervision. CONCLUSIONS The factors identified by allied health professionals that influenced the effectiveness of their clinical supervision were mostly consistent among the professions. However, allied health professionals reported using models of clinical supervision that best suited their profession's role and learning style. This highlighted the need for flexible approaches to allied health clinical supervision that should be reflected in clinical supervision policies and guidelines. Many of the identified factors that influence the effectiveness of clinical supervision of allied health professionals can be influenced by health organisations.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Snowdon
- Peninsula Clinical School, Peninsula Health, Monash University, Frankston, VIC 3199 Australia
| | - Michelle Sargent
- Department of Speech Pathology, Peninsula Health, Frankston, VIC 3199 Australia
| | - Cylie M. Williams
- Department of Physiotherapy, Monash University, Frankston, VIC 3199 Australia
- Department of Allied Health, Peninsula Health, Frankston, VIC 3199 Australia
| | - Stephen Maloney
- Department of Physiotherapy, Monash University, Frankston, VIC 3199 Australia
| | - Kirsten Caspers
- Department of Allied Health, Peninsula Health, Frankston, VIC 3199 Australia
| | - Nicholas F. Taylor
- Allied Health Clinical Research Office, Eastern Health, La Trobe University, Level 2/5 Arnold Street, Box Hill, VIC 3128 Australia
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Martin P, Kumar S, Lizarondo L, Baldock K. Debriefing about the challenges of working in a remote area: A qualitative study of Australian allied health professionals' perspectives on clinical supervision. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0213613. [PMID: 30870484 PMCID: PMC6417694 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The benefits of clinical supervision are more pronounced for health professionals in rural and remote areas. Most clinical supervision studies to date have occurred in metropolitan centres and have used the survey methodology to capture participant experiences. There is a lack of qualitative research that captures participants’ lived experiences with clinical supervision at the frontline. Methods Participants were recruited from rural and remote sites of two Australian states using a purposive maximum variation sampling strategy. Data were collected through individual, semi-structured interviews with participants. Data were analysed using content analysis and themes were developed. Sixteen participants from six professions completed the interviews. Results Eight themes were developed including the content of supervision, context of supervision, value of supervision, increased need for professional support and unique characteristics of rural and remote clinical supervision. Conclusions This study has highlighted the value of clinical supervision for the rural and remote health professional workforce. Furthermore, it has shed light on the unique characteristics of clinical supervision in this population. This information can be used by organisations and health professionals to ensure clinical supervision partnerships are effective thereby enhancing rural and remote workforce recruitment and retention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Martin
- School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Cunningham Centre, Darling Downs Hospital and Health Service, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Saravana Kumar
- School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | | | - Katherine Baldock
- School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Snowdon DA, Leggat SG, Harding KE, Boyd J, Scroggie G, Taylor NF. The association between effectiveness of clinical supervision of allied health professionals and improvement in patient function in an inpatient rehabilitation setting. Disabil Rehabil 2019; 42:1173-1182. [PMID: 30668167 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2018.1518493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Clinical supervision is widely accepted as an important element of practice for allied health professionals to ensure a high quality of patient care. However, it is unknown whether effective clinical supervision of allied health professionals improves patients' outcomes. This study investigated whether effective clinical supervision of allied health professionals is associated with improved patient functional independence. Methods: A prospective longitudinal study design and multi-level regression analysis were used to explore the association between effective clinical supervision and patient functional independence. The effectiveness of clinical supervision was assessed using the Manchester Clinical Supervision Scale. Functional improvement in patients treated by allied health professionals was measured utilising the mobility and self-care subscales of the functional independence measure.Results: Physiotherapists (n = 27) and occupational therapists (n = 26) in inpatient rehabilitation were recruited and the medical records of their patients (n = 1846) audited. The effectiveness of clinical supervision of physiotherapists was positively associated with improvement in personal care. Therapist variables accounted for less than 2.5% of the variation in patient improvement in functional independence.Conclusions: Effectiveness of a reflective model of clinical supervision of physiotherapists and occupational therapists was not associated with an improvement in their patients' mobility or personal care, respectively.Implications for rehabilitationEffective clinical supervision of physiotherapists and occupational therapists using a reflective model of practice is a poor predictor of improved functional independence in rehabilitation inpatients.Patient variables, such as the intensity of therapy, were more important predictors of patient functional improvement than effective clinical supervision.Initiatives aimed at increasing intensity of therapy will likely have a greater effect on improving patient functional independence compared with initiatives aimed at improving the effectiveness of clinical supervision using a reflective model of practice.Initiatives to improve the effectiveness of clinical supervision in improving quality of care could explore the use of a direct model of practice where supervisors directly observe and support supervisees during patient treatment sessions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Snowdon
- School of Allied Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sandra G Leggat
- School of Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Katherine E Harding
- School of Allied Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.,Allied Health Clinical Research Office, Eastern Health, Box Hill, Australia
| | - Jude Boyd
- Allied Health Department, Eastern Health, Box Hill, Australia
| | - Grant Scroggie
- Allied Health Department, Eastern Health, Box Hill, Australia
| | - Nicholas F Taylor
- School of Allied Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.,Allied Health Clinical Research Office, Eastern Health, Box Hill, Australia
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Martin P, Baldock K, Kumar S, Lizarondo L. Factors that contribute to high-quality clinical supervision of the rural allied health workforce: lessons from the coalface. AUST HEALTH REV 2019; 43:682-688. [DOI: 10.1071/ah17258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Objective
The aim of this study was to identify the factors contributing to high-quality clinical supervision of the allied health workforce in rural and remote settings.
Methods
This quantitative study was part of a broader project that used a mixed-methods sequential explanatory design. Participants were 159 allied health professionals from two Australian states. Quantitative data were collected using an online customised survey and the Manchester Clinical Supervision Scale (MCSS-26). Data were analysed using regression analyses.
Results
Supervisee’s work setting and choice of supervisor were found to have a positive and significant influence on clinical supervision quality. Supervisee profession and time in work role were found to have a negative and significant influence on the quality of clinical supervision.
Conclusions
High-quality clinical supervision is essential to achieve quality and safety of health care, as well as to support the health workforce. Information on high-quality clinical supervision identified in this study can be applied to clinical supervision practices in rural and remote settings, and to professional support policies and training to enhance the quality of supervision.
What is known about the topic?
There is mounting evidence on the benefits of clinical supervision to health professionals, organisations and patients. Clinical supervision enhances recruitment and retention of the health workforce. However, there are still gaps regarding the factors that contribute to high-quality clinical supervision, especially for rural and remote health professionals.
What does this paper add?
This study, the first of its kind, recruited rural and remote health professionals from seven allied health disciplines across two Australian states. It investigated the factors that influence high-quality clinical supervision in this under-resourced group. This paper outlines specific factors that contribute to clinical supervision quality for rural and remote allied health professionals.
What are the implications for practitioners?
Effective and high-quality clinical supervision of the rural and remote allied health workforce can enhance recruitment and retention in those areas. Healthcare organisations can facilitate effective clinical supervision delivery by using the evidence gathered in this study in clinical supervision policy, training and practice.
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Cutcliffe JR, Sloan G, Bashaw M. A systematic review of clinical supervision evaluation studies in nursing. Int J Ment Health Nurs 2018; 27:1344-1363. [PMID: 29446513 DOI: 10.1111/inm.12443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
According to the international, extant literature published during the last 20 years or so, clinical supervision (CS) in nursing is now a reasonably common phenomenon. Nevertheless, what appears to be noticeably 'thin on the ground' in this body of literature are empirical evaluations of CS, especially those pertaining to client outcomes. Accordingly, the authors undertook a systematic review of empirical evaluations of CS in nursing to determine the state of the science. Adopting the approach documented by Stroup et al. (JAMA, 283, 2000, 2008), the authors searched for reports of evaluation studies of CS in nursing - published during the years 1995 to 2015. Keywords for the search were 'clinical supervision', 'evaluation', 'efficacy', 'nursing', and combinations of these keywords. Electronic databases used were CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsychLIT, and the British Nursing Index. The research evidence from twenty-eight (28) studies reviewed is presented, outlining the main findings with an overview of each study presented. The following broad themes were identified and are each discussed in the study: narrative/anecdotal accounts of positive outcomes for clinical supervision, narrative/anecdotal accounts of negative outcomes for clinical supervision, empirical positive outcomes reported by supervisee, and empirical findings showing no effect by supervisee.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Cutcliffe
- University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia.,Cutcliffe Consulting, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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Leggat SG, Phillips B, Pearce P, Dawson M, Schulz D, Smith J. Clinical supervision for allied health staff: necessary but not sufficient. AUST HEALTH REV 2018; 40:431-437. [PMID: 26412691 DOI: 10.1071/ah15080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Objectives The aim of the present study was to explore the perspectives of allied health professionals on appropriate content for effective clinical supervision of staff. Methods A set of statements regarding clinical supervision was identified from the literature and confirmed through a Q-sort process. The final set was administered as an online survey to 437 allied health professionals working in two Australian health services. Results Of the 120 respondents, 82 had experienced six or more clinical supervision sessions and were included in the analysis. Respondents suggested that clinical supervision was beneficial to both staff and patients, and was distinct from line management performance monitoring and development. Curiously, some of the respondents did not agree that observation of the supervisee's clinical practice was an aspect of clinical supervision. Conclusions Although clinical supervision is included as a pillar of clinical governance, current practice may not be effective in addressing clinical risk. Australian health services need clear organisational policies that outline the relationship between supervisor and supervisee, the role and responsibilities of managers, the involvement of patients and the types of situations to be communicated to the line managers. What is known about the topic? Clinical supervision for allied health professionals is an essential component of clinical governance and is aimed at ensuring safe and high-quality care. However, there is varied understanding of the relationship between clinical supervision and performance management. What does this paper add? This paper provides the perspectives of allied health professionals who are experienced as supervisors or who have experienced supervision. The findings suggest a clear role for clinical supervision that needs to be better recognised within organisational policy and procedure. What are the implications for practitioners? Supervisors and supervisees must remember their duty of care and ensure compliance with organisational policies in their clinical supervisory practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra G Leggat
- Health Services Management, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Vic. 3086, Australia
| | - Bev Phillips
- La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, PO Box 199, Bendigo, Vic. 3552, Australia. Email
| | - Philippa Pearce
- Department of Physiotherapy, Ballarat Health Services, Ballarat, Vic. 3350, Australia. Email
| | - Margaret Dawson
- Allied Health, Ballarat Health Services, Ballarat, Vic. 3350, Australia. Email
| | - Debbie Schulz
- East Grampians Health Service, Ararat, Vic. 3377, Australia. Email
| | - Jenni Smith
- Northern Health, Epping, Vic. 3076, Australia. Email
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Martin P, Kumar S, Lizarondo L. Effective use of technology in clinical supervision. Internet Interv 2017; 8:35-39. [PMID: 30135826 PMCID: PMC6096199 DOI: 10.1016/j.invent.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical supervision is integral to continuing professional development of health professionals. With advances in technology, clinical supervision too can be undertaken using mediums such as videoconference, email and teleconference. This mode of clinical supervision is termed as telesupervision. While telesupervision could be useful in any context, its value is amplified for health professionals working in rural and remote areas where access to supervisors within the local work environment is often diminished. While telesupervision offers innovative means to undertake clinical supervision, there remain gaps in the literature in terms of its parameters of use in clinical practice. This article outlines ten evidence-informed, practical tips stemming from a review of the literature that will enable health care stakeholders to use technology effectively and efficiently while undertaking clinical supervision. By highlighting the "how to" aspect, telesupervision can be delivered in the right way, to the right health professional, at the right time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Martin
- Allied Health, Cunningham Centre, Darling Downs Hospital and Health Service, Toowoomba, Queensland 4350, Australia
- School of Health Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
- Corresponding author at: Allied Health, Cunningham Centre, Darling Downs Hospital and Health Service, Toowoomba, Queensland 4350, Australia.
| | - Saravana Kumar
- School of Health Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
| | - Lucylynn Lizarondo
- Joanna Briggs Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
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Martin P, Kumar S, Lizarondo L, Tyack Z. Factors influencing the perceived quality of clinical supervision of occupational therapists in a large Australian state. Aust Occup Ther J 2016; 63:338-346. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1630.12314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Priya Martin
- Cunningham Centre; Darling Downs Hospital and Health Service; Toowoomba Queensland Australia
- International Centre for Allied Health Evidence (iCAHE); School of Health Sciences; University of South Australia; Adelaide South Australia Australia
- Central Queensland Hospital and Health Service; Rockhampton Queensland Australia
| | - Saravana Kumar
- International Centre for Allied Health Evidence (iCAHE); School of Health Sciences; University of South Australia; Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - Lucylynn Lizarondo
- Joanna Briggs Institute; University of Adelaide; Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - Zephanie Tyack
- Central Queensland Hospital and Health Service; Rockhampton Queensland Australia
- Metro South Health; Centre for Functioning and Health Research; Brisbane Queensland Australia
- Centre for Children's Burns and Trauma Research; The University of Queensland; St Lucia Queensland Australia
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Saxby C, Wilson J, Newcombe P. Can clinical supervision sustain our workforce in the current healthcare landscape? Findings from a Queensland study of allied health professionals. AUST HEALTH REV 2016; 39:476-482. [PMID: 25725704 DOI: 10.1071/ah14183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Clinical supervision is widely recognised as a mechanism for providing professional support, professional development and clinical governance for healthcare workers. There have been limited studies about the effectiveness of clinical supervision for allied health and minimal studies conducted within the Australian health context. The aim of the present study was to identify whether clinical supervision was perceived to be effective by allied health professionals and to identify components that contributed to effectiveness. Participants completed an anonymous online questionnaire, administered through the health service's intranet. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted with community allied health workers (n = 82) 8 months after implementation of structured clinical supervision. Demographic data (age, gender), work-related history (profession employment level, years of experience), and supervision practice (number and length of supervision sessions) were collected through an online survey. The outcome measure, clinical supervision effectiveness, was operationalised using the Manchester Clinical Supervision Scale-26 (MCSS-26). Data were analysed with Pearson correlation (r) and independent sample t-tests (t) with significance set at 0.05 (ie the probability of significant difference set at P < 0.05). RESULTS The length of the supervision sessions (r(s) ≥ 0.44), the number of sessions (r(s) ≥ 0.35) and the total period supervision had been received (r(s) ≥ 0.42) were all significantly positively correlated with the MCSS-26 domains of clinical supervision effectiveness. Three individual variables, namely 'receiving clinical supervision', 'having some choice in the allocation of clinical supervisor' and 'having a completed clinical supervision agreement', were also significantly associated with higher total MCSS-26 scores (P(s) < 0.014). CONCLUSION The results of the study demonstrate that when clinical supervision uses best practice principles, it can provide professional support for allied health workers, even during times of rapid organisational change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Saxby
- School of Social Work and Human Services, The University of Queensland, Qld 4072, Australia. Email
| | - Jill Wilson
- School of Social Work and Human Services, The University of Queensland, Qld 4072, Australia. Email
| | - Peter Newcombe
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Qld 4072, Australia. Email
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Public sector physiotherapists believe that staff supervision should be broad ranging, individualised, structured, and based on needs and goals: a qualitative study. J Physiother 2015; 61:210-6. [PMID: 26361812 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphys.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
QUESTION What do physiotherapists consider to be the structure and content of an effective clinical supervision program for public sector staff? DESIGN Qualitative study using emergent-systematic focus group design. PARTICIPANTS 46 physiotherapists and six physiotherapy assistants from a large, regional, Australian health service participated in one of seven focus groups. RESULTS Data were represented by three major categories: the content of supervision; the structure of supervision; and participants' roles and attributes. The content of supervision should encompass all issues affecting workplace experience and performance; supervision should be individualised and needs based. For the structure of supervision, a variety of methods and formats should be available, including: scheduled and unscheduled supervision (unscheduled supervision addresses needs as they arise but its usefulness can be restricted by supervisor availability); the environment should be organised to facilitate supervision; supervision should be integrated into existing practices; and supervision should be adequately prioritised and resourced to enable sustainability. In relation to participants' roles and attributes, respondents recommended: clearly defined supervisor and supervisee roles, responsibilities, skills and attributes are required to facilitate a constructive relationship on which successful supervision depends; the supervisee should take primary responsibility for leading and organising their supervision; the supervisor provides support and accountability and assists with goal setting and attainment; and successful supervision requires considerable knowledge and skills from the supervisee and supervisor (supervision education and training might be necessary). CONCLUSION The physiotherapists' perspectives that were identified in this study are important to consider when assessing current clinical supervision models, as well as when designing and implementing effective physiotherapy supervision programs.
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Martin P, Kumar S, Lizarondo L, VanErp A. Enablers of and barriers to high quality clinical supervision among occupational therapists across Queensland in Australia: findings from a qualitative study. BMC Health Serv Res 2015; 15:413. [PMID: 26404534 PMCID: PMC4581515 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-015-1085-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health professionals practising in countries with dispersed populations such as Australia rely on clinical supervision for professional support. While there are directives and guidelines in place to govern clinical supervision, little is known about how it is actually conducted and what makes it effective. The purpose of this study was to explore the enablers of and barriers to high quality clinical supervision among occupational therapists across Queensland in Australia. METHODS This qualitative study took place as part of a broader project. Individual, in-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted with occupational therapy supervisees in Queensland. The interviews explored the enablers of and barriers to high quality clinical supervision in this group. They further explored some findings from the initial quantitative study. RESULTS Content analysis of the interview data resulted in eight themes. These themes were broadly around the importance of the supervisory relationship, the impact of clinical supervision and the enablers of and barriers to high quality clinical supervision. DISCUSSION This study identified a number of factors that were perceived to be associated with high quality clinical supervision. Supervisor-supervisee matching and fit, supervisory relationship and availability of supervisor for support in between clinical supervision sessions appeared to be associated with perceptions of higher quality of clinical supervision received. Some face-to-face contact augmented with telesupervision was found to improve perceptions of the quality of clinical supervision received via telephone. Lastly, dual roles where clinical supervision and line management were provided by the same person were not considered desirable by supervisees. A number of enablers of and barriers to high quality clinical supervision were also identified. CONCLUSION With clinical supervision gaining increasing prominence as part of organisational and professional governance, this study provides important lessons for successful and sustainable clinical supervision in practice contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Martin
- Cunningham Centre, Darling Downs Hospital and Health Service, Queensland Health, Toowoomba Hospital, Private Mail Bag 2, Pechey Street, Toowoomba, QLD, 4350, Australia.
- School of Health Sciences, International Centre for Allied Health Evidence, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, City East Campus, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia.
| | - Saravana Kumar
- School of Health Sciences, International Centre for Allied Health Evidence, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, City East Campus, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia.
| | - Lucylynn Lizarondo
- Joanna Briggs Institute, Wyatt House University of Adelaide, 115 Grenfell Street, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia.
| | - Ans VanErp
- Cunningham Centre, Darling Downs Hospital and Health Service, Queensland Health, Toowoomba Hospital, Private Mail Bag 2, Pechey Street, Toowoomba, QLD, 4350, Australia.
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Ducat WH, Kumar S. A systematic review of professional supervision experiences and effects for allied health practitioners working in non-metropolitan health care settings. J Multidiscip Healthc 2015; 8:397-407. [PMID: 26347446 PMCID: PMC4556303 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s84557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction In regional, rural, and remote settings, allied health professional supervision is one organizational mechanism designed to support and retain the workforce, provide clinical governance, and enhance service delivery. A systematic approach to evaluating the evidence of the experience and effects of professional supervision for non-metropolitan allied health practitioners and their service delivery is needed. Methods Studies investigating the experience and effects of professional supervision across 17 allied health disciplines in non-metropolitan health services were systematically searched for using standardized keywords across seven databases. The initial search identified 1,574 references. Of these studies, five met inclusion criteria and were subject to full methodological appraisal by both reviewers. Two studies were primarily qualitative with three studies primarily quantitative in their approach. Studies were appraised using McMaster critical appraisal tools and data were extracted and synthesized. Results Studies reported the context specific benefits and challenges of supervision in non-metropolitan areas and the importance of supervision in enhancing satisfaction and support in these areas. Comparison of findings between metropolitan and non-metropolitan settings within one study suggested that allied health in non-metropolitan settings were more satisfied with supervision though less likely to access it and preferred supervision with other non-metropolitan practitioners over access to more experienced supervisors. One study in a regional health service identified the lack of an agreed upon definition and functions of supervision when supervisors from diverse allied health disciplines were surveyed. While methodologically weak, all studies reported positive perceptions of supervision across professionals, supervisors, and managers. This is in accordance with previous research in the wider supervision literature. Discussion Considering the large pool of studies retrieved for further investigation, few of these met inclusion criteria demonstrating the paucity of primary research in this area. Increased training, policies, and implementation frameworks to ensure the definition and functions of supervision are agreed upon across the allied health disciplines in non-metropolitan areas is needed. Furthermore, systematic evaluation of supervision implementation in non-metropolitan settings, investigation of the experience and effects of distance based supervision (versus face-to-face), and increased rigor in research studies investigating non-metropolitan allied health profession supervision is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy H Ducat
- Cunningham Centre, Darling Downs Hospital and Health Service, Australia ; Rural Clinical School, School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Saravana Kumar
- School of Health Sciences, International Centre for Allied Health Evidence, Sansom Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Snowdon DA, Millard G, Taylor NF. Effectiveness of clinical supervision of physiotherapists: a survey. AUST HEALTH REV 2015; 39:190-196. [PMID: 25556758 DOI: 10.1071/ah14020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Limited literature exists on the practice of clinical supervision (CS) of professional physiotherapists despite current Australian safety and quality health standards stating that CS is to be provided to all physiotherapists. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of CS of physiotherapists working in an Australian public health service. METHODS CS was measured using the allied health-specific 26-item modified Manchester Clinical Supervision Scale (MCSS-26). Subscales of the MCSS-26 were summed for three domain scores (normative, restorative and formative) and a total score was calculated, which was compared with the reported threshold score of 73 for effective supervision. Sixty registered physiotherapists (response rate 92%), working for a large metropolitan public health service, with six different site locations, completed the survey. RESULTS The mean (± s.d.) total MCSS-26 score was 71.0 ± 14.3 (95% confidence interval (CI) 67.4-74.6). Hospital site was the only variable that had a significant effect on total MCSS-26 score (P=0.005); there was no effect for supervisor or supervisee experience, or hospital setting (acute vs subacute). Physiotherapists scored a significantly lower mean percentage MCSS-26 score on the normative domain compared with the restorative domain (mean difference 7.8%; 95% CI 2.9-12.7; P=0.002) and the formative domain (mean difference 9.6%; 95% CI 6.3-13.0; P<0.001). Of the two subscales that form the normative domain, 'finding time' had a significantly lower mean percentage MCSS-26 score than 'importance/value of CS' (mean difference 35.4%; 95% CI 31.3-39.4; P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Within this publicly funded physiotherapy department there was uncertainty about the effectiveness of CS, with more than half the physiotherapists rating their supervision as less than effective, suggesting there is opportunity for improvement in the practice of physiotherapy CS. Physiotherapists scored lowest in the normative domain, indicating that they found it difficult to find time for CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Snowdon
- Physiotherapy, The Peter James Centre, Eastern Health, Corner of Mahoneys Road and Burwood Highway, Burwood East, Vic. 3151, Australia. Email
| | - Geraldine Millard
- Physiotherapy, The Peter James Centre, Eastern Health, Corner of Mahoneys Road and Burwood Highway, Burwood East, Vic. 3151, Australia. Email
| | - Nicholas F Taylor
- Allied Health Clinical Research Office, Eastern Health, La Trobe University, Level 2/5 Arnold Street, Box Hill, Vic. 3128, Australia. Email
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Ducat W, Martin P, Kumar S, Burge V, Abernathy L. Oceans apart, yet connected: Findings from a qualitative study on professional supervision in rural and remote allied health services. Aust J Rural Health 2015; 24:29-35. [PMID: 26052949 PMCID: PMC5033004 DOI: 10.1111/ajr.12192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Improving the quality and safety of health care in Australia is imperative to ensure the right treatment is delivered to the right person at the right time. Achieving this requires appropriate clinical governance and support for health professionals, including professional supervision. This study investigates the usefulness and effectiveness of and barriers to supervision in rural and remote Queensland. DESIGN As part of the evaluation of the Allied Health Rural and Remote Training and Support program, a qualitative descriptive study was conducted involving semi-structured interviews with 42 rural or remote allied health professionals, nine operational managers and four supervisors. The interviews explored perspectives on their supervision arrangements, including the perceived usefulness, effect on practice and barriers. RESULTS Themes of reduced isolation; enhanced professional enthusiasm, growth and commitment to the organisation; enhanced clinical skills, knowledge and confidence; and enhanced patient safety were identified as perceived outcomes of professional supervision. Time, technology and organisational factors were identified as potential facilitators as well as potential barriers to effective supervision. CONCLUSIONS This research provides current evidence on the impact of professional supervision in rural and remote Queensland. A multidimensional model of organisational factors associated with effective supervision in rural and remote settings is proposed identifying positive supervision culture and a good supervisor-supervisee fit as key factors associated with effective arrangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Ducat
- Cunningham Centre, Division of Allied Health, Darling Downs Hospital and Health Service, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia.,Rural Clinical School, School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Priya Martin
- Cunningham Centre, Division of Allied Health, Darling Downs Hospital and Health Service, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia.,International Centre for Allied Health Evidence, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Saravana Kumar
- International Centre for Allied Health Evidence, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Vanessa Burge
- Cunningham Centre, Division of Allied Health, Darling Downs Hospital and Health Service, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia
| | - LuJuana Abernathy
- Cunningham Centre, Division of Allied Health, Darling Downs Hospital and Health Service, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia
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Gillieatt S, Martin R, Marchant T, Fielding A, Duncanson K. Evaluation of an inter-professional training program for student clinical supervision in Australia. HUMAN RESOURCES FOR HEALTH 2014; 12:60. [PMID: 25315336 PMCID: PMC4210568 DOI: 10.1186/1478-4491-12-60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a response to an Australian shortage of clinical health, nursing, and medical placements, Commonwealth Government funding has been directed to expand student training opportunities and increase the competence and number of available clinical supervisors. This paper evaluates the application of a particular supervision training model for this purpose. It considers the model's suitability and relevance across professions and its impact on supervisory knowledge, skills, and values as well as the intention to supervise students. METHODS The design, delivery, and evaluation of a series of one-day introductory student clinical supervision training workshops for allied health disciplines, nursing, and medicine are considered. Participants evaluated Proctor's model of clinical supervision, which was expanded by the trainers to incorporate diversity and power relations in student supervision. RESULTS Evaluation results suggest that adapting Proctor's model for student clinical supervision is relevant across a broad range of health disciplines and clinical areas. Participants from 11 health professions reported that the training improved their knowledge, skills, and values and expanded their willingness to accept student clinical placements. The outcomes are suggestive of enhanced clinical supervision intent, capacity, and capability. CONCLUSIONS The student supervision training improved participants' confidence in their clinical supervision skills. The findings suggest that the training has the potential to extend capacity and capability for student supervision across health professions and in Health Workforce Australia's identified priority areas of mental health, community health, rehabilitation, private practice, and non-government organisations. Findings also indicate that these gains are reliant on health organizations developing and sustaining cultures of learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue Gillieatt
- School of Occupational Therapy and Social Work Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia 6845 Australia
| | - Robyn Martin
- School of Occupational Therapy and Social Work Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia 6845 Australia
| | - Trudi Marchant
- School of Occupational Therapy and Social Work Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia 6845 Australia
| | - Angela Fielding
- School of Occupational Therapy and Social Work Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia 6845 Australia
| | - Kate Duncanson
- School of Occupational Therapy and Social Work Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia 6845 Australia
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Ducat WH, Burge V, Kumar S. Barriers to, and enablers of, participation in the Allied Health Rural and Remote Training and Support (AHRRTS) program for rural and remote allied health workers: a qualitative descriptive study. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2014; 14:194. [PMID: 25238872 PMCID: PMC4180536 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6920-14-194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allied health professionals play a critical role in enhancing health outcomes in primary and tertiary settings. Issues affecting the recruitment and retention of allied health workers in rural and remote areas are multifactorial. Access to relevant and effective continuing professional development is argued to be a recruitment and retention strategy for health professionals in non-metropolitan areas, however trial of the effectiveness of professional development programs and identification of enablers and barriers to participation is needed. The Allied Health Rural and Remote Training and Support (AHRRTS) program aimed to provide an integrated program of education and professional support activities for allied health professionals working within Queensland Health in rural and remote locations. The aim of this study was to explore enablers and barriers to access to, and effective participation in, the AHRRTS program from various allied heath stakeholders' perspectives. METHODS A qualitative descriptive study utilising semi-structured interviews with various allied heath stakeholders was undertaken. The interview questions focussed on a number of issues pertinent to AHRRTS program, with specific probing questions regarding barriers and enablers to participation in the AHRRTS program. The interviews were then transcribed verbatim and analysed using thematic analysis. RESULTS Using purposive sampling, a total of 55 stakeholders were interviewed for this study. Time, organisational factors and travel were identified as common barriers and organisational factors, travel and presentation modes were identified as common enablers. Interestingly, some of these factors act as barriers and/or enablers highlighting that these are essentially two sides of the same coin. The findings suggest that while it is important to have policies and procedures for ongoing support of allied health professionals, it should be complemented by enabling strategies to address persistent barriers. CONCLUSION The study suggests that while a program such as AHRRTS is accessible and facilitates participation in a number of ways, significant barriers to participation continue to persist at the coal face. Addressing these barriers will require a targeted, multifaceted approach. Lessons from this study provide unique insights into factors which influence the successful implementation and sustainability of recruitment and retention initiatives for rural and remote allied health workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy H Ducat
- />Cunningham Centre, Division of Allied Health, Darling Downs Hospital and Health Service, Toowoomba, Australia
| | - Vanessa Burge
- />Cunningham Centre, Division of Allied Health, Darling Downs Hospital and Health Service, Toowoomba, Australia
| | - Saravana Kumar
- />International Centre for Allied Health Evidence, School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
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Matthews R. Additional barriers to clinical supervision for allied health professionals working in regional and remote settings. AUST HEALTH REV 2014; 38:118. [PMID: 24479990 DOI: 10.1071/ah13172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Matthews
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, The Alfred Centre, Melbourne VIC 3004, Australia.
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Pearce P, Phillips B, Dawson M, Leggat SG. Content of clinical supervision sessions for nurses and allied health professionals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1108/14777271311317927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to evaluate the current evidence regarding the content of clinical supervision for nursing and allied health professionals.Design/methodology/approachThe authors searched CINAHL, Medline, PsychINFO and Cochrane Database. Studies were included if the participants involved were nursing, medical or allied health practitioners, but not students, and if the studies contained discussion regarding the content of clinical supervision. Critical analysis of the articles was carried out by two independent researchers to ensure consistency and thematic analysis was applied.FindingsTwenty included articles were in three main categories: cross‐sectional studies (n=9), including interview, survey and focus group methods of data collection; literature reviews (n=2); and nine published opinion pieces. Themes related to the content of clinical supervision that were identified were reflective practice; task oriented content; diversity of content; and stress management. The results indicated that current research into the content of clinical supervision for nursing and allied health practitioners is limited and of low quality and that further research is needed to determine what content in clinical supervision is associated with better quality and safety, particularly for health professions other than nursing and psychology.Originality/valueThis is the first review of the current evidence for what constitutes the most appropriate content of clinical supervision for health professionals. Clinical supervision is an important component of quality assurance and clinical governance frameworks and it is essential that health care organizations are assured that effective clinical supervision is in place.
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