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Artiles-Ortega E, Portal O, Jeyanathan J, Reguera-Barreto B, de la Fé-Rodríguez PY, Lima-Orozco R, Fievez V. Performance, Rumen Microbial Community and Immune Status of Goat Kids Fed Leucaena leucocephala Post-weaning as Affected by Prenatal and Early Life Nutritional Interventions. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:769438. [PMID: 35250899 PMCID: PMC8889121 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.769438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Leucaena leucocephala represents a local protein source in tropical ruminant diets. However, its full exploitation is impaired by mimosine, unless it is degraded by the rumen microbial community. Recently, the ruminal bacterial communities of newborns were persistently modified through prenatal or postnatal dietary interventions. Such early-life interventions might enhance adaptation of ruminants to Leucaena leucocephala, which was investigated using a 2 × 2 factorial design trial that tested both supplementation of L. leucocephala in the late pregnancy diet of goat does, and supplementation of live yeast to their newborns. The composition of ruminal bacteria, immune status, as well as organic matter digestibility (OMD) and performance of kids were studied during and after the intervention. Ten pregnant goats were divided into two groups: the D+ and D- groups, which either received or did not receive 30 g of L. leucocephala forage meal during the last 7 ± 0.5 weeks of gestation. Twins from each goat were divided into the K+ and K- group (supplemented with or without 0.2 g/d of live yeast from day 3 until weaning at 8 weeks). Rumen samples were collected from 4-, 8-, 14-, and 20-weeks old kids to assess the bacterial community, while immune parameters (white blood cells, immunoglobulin M and G, and chitotriosidase activity) were measured in blood and saliva sampled at 4-, 8-, and 20-weeks. We found a stimulatory effect of the prenatal exposure on the post-weaning dry matter intake of the L. leucocephala supplemented diet, resulting in a higher daily gain and final body weight at 20 weeks in the D+ vs. D- group (406 vs. 370 g DM/d, 85.4 vs. 78.6 g/d, and 15.2 vs. 13.8 kg, respectively). Moreover, Ruminococcus represented a greater proportion of the rumen bacterial community of the D+ vs. D- kids (5.1 vs. 1.6%). Differences in the immune status were relatively small and not thought to be a driving factor of differences in animal performance. Furthermore, postnatal supplementation of live yeast favored maturation of the rumen bacterial community (i.e., greater abundance of Bacteroidetes, in particular Prevotella, and reduced abundance of Firmicutes) and protozoa colonization. Concomitantly, OMD was enhanced post-weaning, suggesting effects of the early-life intervention persisted and could have affected animal performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Einar Artiles-Ortega
- Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Central “Marta Abreu” de Las Villas, Santa Clara, Cuba
| | - Orelvis Portal
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Central “Marta Abreu” de Las Villas, Santa Clara, Cuba
- Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Central “Marta Abreu” de Las Villas, Santa Clara, Cuba
| | - Jeyamalar Jeyanathan
- Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Beydis Reguera-Barreto
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Central “Marta Abreu” de Las Villas, Santa Clara, Cuba
| | - Pedro Yoelvys de la Fé-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Central “Marta Abreu” de Las Villas, Santa Clara, Cuba
| | - Raciel Lima-Orozco
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Central “Marta Abreu” de Las Villas, Santa Clara, Cuba
- Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Central “Marta Abreu” de Las Villas, Santa Clara, Cuba
| | - Veerle Fievez
- Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Halliday MJ, Giles HE, Padmanabha J, McSweeney CS, Dalzell SA, Shelton HM. The efficacy of a cultured Synergistes jonesii inoculum to control hydroxypyridone toxicity in Bos indicus steers fed leucaena/grass diets. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1071/an17853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to investigate the efficacy of a cultured Synergistes jonesii inoculum in degrading the Leucaena leucocephala (leucaena) toxins: 3-hydroxy-4(1H)-pyridone and 3-hydroxy-2(1H)-pyridone (3,4- and 2,3-DHP). Sixteen stall-housed Bos indicus steers naïve to leucaena were fed varying combinations of forage-harvested leucaena and Chloris gayana (Rhodes grass). Dietary treatments, offered at 25 g dry matter/kg LW.day, were: 25% leucaena; 50% leucaena; 100% leucaena; and 50% leucaena, switched to 50% Medicago sativa (lucerne) after 6 weeks at time of inoculation. The experiment was 10 weeks in duration, consisting of a 6-week pre-inoculation period, followed by inoculation with cultured S. jonesii, and a 4-week post-inoculation period. Mean daily dry matter intake was recorded. Twenty-four-hour urine collections and rumen fluid samples were obtained weekly for estimation of total urinary DHP, and detection of S. jonesii using nested polymerase chain reaction analysis including presence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP), respectively. In the pre-inoculation period, total urinary DHP increased quickly to high levels, then gradually declined after Week 3 with 2,3-DHP the dominant isomer through to Week 6. Indigenous strains of S. jonesii were sporadically detected by PCR analysis, indicating S. jonesii was present before inoculation but at the lower limits of detection. After inoculation there was no change in the rate of total DHP degradation or the frequency of detection of S. jonesii, although there was increased rate of degradation of 2,3-DHP. SNP indicated the presence of different strains of S. jonesii in both indigenous and cultured S. jonesii. DMI was low, especially in the 100% treatment, due in part to the high stem content of the forage-harvested leucaena and probable DHP toxicosis. It was concluded that the cultured S. jonesii inoculum did not fully protect animals against leucaena toxicity.
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Bottini-Luzardo M, Aguilar-Perez C, Centurion-Castro F, Solorio-Sanchez F, Ayala-Burgos A, Montes-Perez R, Muñoz-Rodriguez D, Ku-Vera J. Ovarian activity and estrus behavior in early postpartum cows grazing Leucaena leucocephala in the tropics. Trop Anim Health Prod 2015. [PMID: 26210396 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-015-0887-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The legume Leucaena leucocephala (Leucaena) is widely used to supplement forage in silvopastoral livestock systems in Latin America. Little is known about its possible effects on the cow reproductive dynamic. The aim was to evaluate the effect of Leucaena foliage intake on re-establishment of ovarian activity and estrus behavior in early postpartum (7-90 days) cows. Twenty-four multiparous Bos taurus × Bos indicus cows were divided into two homogenous groups and assigned to one of two treatments: a silvopastoral system (SS, n = 12), consisting of an association of Cynodon nlemfuensis grass and L. leucocephala; and a control system (CS, n = 12), consisting of C. nlemfuensis alone. Intake of Leucaena in the SS ranged from 3.80 to 6.43 kg DM/cow/day. Plasma mimosine concentrations ranged from 1270 to 1530 μg/mL, and those for 2,3-dihydroxypyridine (DHP) from 147 to 729 μg/mL. No 3,4-DHP was detected in plasma. No difference (P > 0.05) between treatments was observed for the number of cows exhibiting small, medium, or dominant follicles, or estrus behavior. The number of cows which re-established ovarian cyclicity (n = 6) was lower (P < 0.05) in the SS than in the CS (n = 9). Corpus luteum lifespan was longer (P < 0.05) in the SS than in the CS. Intake of Leucaena affected the number of cows exhibiting ovarian cyclicity and extended corpus luteum life, but did not affect follicular development and estrus behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Bottini-Luzardo
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Yucatan, Carretera Merida-Xmatkuil Km. 15.5, 97100, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico.
| | - Carlos Aguilar-Perez
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Yucatan, Carretera Merida-Xmatkuil Km. 15.5, 97100, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico
| | - Fernando Centurion-Castro
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Yucatan, Carretera Merida-Xmatkuil Km. 15.5, 97100, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico
| | - Francisco Solorio-Sanchez
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Yucatan, Carretera Merida-Xmatkuil Km. 15.5, 97100, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico
| | - Armin Ayala-Burgos
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Yucatan, Carretera Merida-Xmatkuil Km. 15.5, 97100, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico
| | - Ruben Montes-Perez
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Yucatan, Carretera Merida-Xmatkuil Km. 15.5, 97100, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico
| | - David Muñoz-Rodriguez
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University of Yucatan, Periferico Norte Km. 33.5, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico
| | - Juan Ku-Vera
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Yucatan, Carretera Merida-Xmatkuil Km. 15.5, 97100, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico
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Abstract
Knowledge gained from early and recent studies that define the functions of microbial populations within the rumen microbiome is essential to allow for directed rumen manipulation strategies. A large number of omic studies have focused on carbohydrate active enzymes either for improved fiber digestion within the animal or for use in industries such as biofuels. Studies of the rumen microbiome with respect to methane production and abatement strategies have led to initiatives for defining the microbiome of low- and high-methane-emitting animals while ensuring optimal feed conversion. With advances in omic technologies, the ability to link host genetics and the rumen microbiome by studying all the biological components (holobiont) through the use of hologenomics has begun. However, a program to culture and isolate microbial species for the purpose of standard microbial characterization to aid in assigning function to genomic data remains critical, especially for genes of unknown function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart E Denman
- The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, 4067 Australia; ,
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