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Hennessy AA, Kenny DA, Byrne CJ, Childs S, Ross RP, Devery R, Stanton C. Fatty acid concentration of plasma, muscle, adipose and liver from beef heifers fed an encapsulated n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplement. Animal 2020; 15:100039. [PMID: 33516004 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2020.100039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing the content of polyunsaturated fat in the human diet is a priority for reducing cardiovascular disease and cancer risks. Beef has the potential to contribute to the polyunsaturated fat content in the human diet; however, ruminants cannot synthesise many long-chain fatty acids de novo; they require dietary supplementation. The objectives of the current study were to evaluate (i) the effect of a partially rumen protected n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-PUFA) dietary supplement on the fatty acid composition of muscle (Longissimus dorsi), adipose and liver tissues of beef heifers and (ii) the usefulness of blood plasma as a predictor of tissue concentrations of specific fatty acids. Charolais crossbred heifers (n = 20) were assigned to one of two isolipid dietary treatments namely palmitic acid (control) or an n-3 LC-PUFA supplement for a 91-day period. Blood plasma and adipose tissue samples were taken to determine the temporal effect of these diets on fatty acid composition (days 0, 10, 35 and 91), while liver and muscle samples were taken following slaughter. Dietary lipid source did not influence animal growth rate or body condition score. At day 91, the percentage differences between control and n-3 LC-PUFA heifers in concentrations of eicosapentaenoic acid were +61, +176 and +133 % in liver, muscle and adipose, respectively. For docosahexaenoic acid, at the same time point, the percentage differences were +57, +73 and +138 % for liver, muscle and adipose, respectively. Medium-to-strong positive correlation coefficients were evident for liver and plasma fatty acids, in particular, there were positive relationships with concentrations of total saturated fatty acid (SFA), total n-6 PUFA and total n-3 PUFA. This trend also extended to both the ratio of PUFA to SFA (slope (β1) = 0.56 ± 0.167, intercept (β0) = 0.56, R2 = 0.61, P < 0.05) and the ratio of n-6 to n-3 PUFA (β1 = 0.15 ± 0.054, β0 = 0.24, R2 = 0.52, P < 0.05). A strong correlation was also detected in the ratio of n-6 to n-3 in plasma and muscle tissue of heifers fed the n-3 LC-PUFA diet (β1 = 0.53 ± 0.089, β0 = -0.31, R2 = 0.83, P < 0.001). The results of this study show that the n-3 LC-PUFA can be readily increased through targeted supplementation and that plasma concentrations of n-3 LC-PUFA are useful predictors of their concentrations in a number of economically important tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Hennessy
- Moorepark Food Research Centre, Teagasc, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork P61 C996, Ireland; National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, D09 NR58, Ireland
| | - D A Kenny
- Animal and Bioscience Research Centre, Teagasc Grange, Dunsany, Co. Meath C15 PW93, Ireland.
| | - C J Byrne
- Animal and Bioscience Research Centre, Teagasc Grange, Dunsany, Co. Meath C15 PW93, Ireland
| | - S Childs
- Animal and Bioscience Research Centre, Teagasc Grange, Dunsany, Co. Meath C15 PW93, Ireland; Animal Production Research Centre, Teagasc, Mellows Campus, Athenry, Co. Galway H65 R718, Ireland
| | - R P Ross
- Moorepark Food Research Centre, Teagasc, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork P61 C996, Ireland
| | - R Devery
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, D09 NR58, Ireland
| | - C Stanton
- Moorepark Food Research Centre, Teagasc, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork P61 C996, Ireland
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Gesteira SM, Oliveira RL, Silva TM, Ribeiro RDX, Ribeiro CVDM, Pereira ES, Lanna DPD, Pinto LFB, Rocha TC, Vieira JF, Bezerra LR. Physicochemical Quality, Fatty Acid Composition, and Sensory Analysis of Nellore Steers Meat Fed with Inclusion of Condensed Tannin in the Diet. J Food Sci 2018; 83:1366-1372. [PMID: 29660800 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to test the effect of dietary tannin on the fatty acid profile and sensory attributes of meat from Nellore steers. Thirty-two Nellore bull male were distributed in a completely randomized design and fed diets with condensed tannin extract as follows: 0, 10, 30, and 50 g/kg total DM basis. The physicochemical composition of the meat, lipid oxidation, fatty acid profile, flavor, tenderness, and overall acceptance were evaluated. There was a linear decrease (P ≤ 0.05) on lipid content, tenderness, cooking weight loss, myristic, palmitic, and oleic acids in meat as tannin increased in the diets. The total saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids, the atherogenicity index decreased. However, a linear increase (P ≤ 0.05) was observed for linoleic, linolenic, arachidonic, eicosapentaenoic, and docosapentaenoic acids. The physicochemical characteristic of the meat, such as moisture, ash, and protein contents, water retention capacity, final pH, Warner-Bratzler shear force, collagen, and color indexes (lightness, redness, yellowness, and chrome) did not change with dietary tannin. Also, CLA, n-6:n-3 ratio, Δ9 -desaturase, and elongase activity were not different among diets. In conclusion, condensed tannin linearly increases unsaturated fatty acids and decreases the atherogenicity index of meat; thus, it can be recommended at the highest level (50 g/kg DM) in the diet of Nellore steers. PRACTICAL APPLICATION Agriculture byproducts plays an important part in the diet of ruminant animals and consequently on food chain and has implications for the composition and quality of the livestock products (milk, meat, and eggs) that people consume. Feeding tannin to steers increases the amount of unsaturated fatty acids and meat tenderness, with a concomitant reduction on saturated fatty acids and the atherogenicity index in meat. Thus, we recommend adding tannin to steer diets to reduce the risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in red meat for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana M Gesteira
- Dept. of Animal Science, Federal Univ. of Bahia, Av. Adhemar de Barros, 500, Ondina, Salvador, Bahia 40170110, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo L Oliveira
- Dept. of Animal Science, Federal Univ. of Bahia, Av. Adhemar de Barros, 500, Ondina, Salvador, Bahia 40170110, Brazil
| | - Thadeu M Silva
- Dept. of Animal Science, Federal Univ. of Bahia, Av. Adhemar de Barros, 500, Ondina, Salvador, Bahia 40170110, Brazil
| | - Rebeca D X Ribeiro
- Dept. of Animal Science, Federal Univ. of Bahia, Av. Adhemar de Barros, 500, Ondina, Salvador, Bahia 40170110, Brazil
| | - Cláudio V D M Ribeiro
- Dept. of Animal Science, Federal Univ. of Bahia, Av. Adhemar de Barros, 500, Ondina, Salvador, Bahia 40170110, Brazil
| | - Elzania S Pereira
- Dept. of Animal Science, Federal Univ. Ceará, Av. da Universidade, 2853, Benfica, Fortaleza, Ceará 60455760, Brazil
| | - Dante P D Lanna
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Growth, Univ. of São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Av. Padua Dias, 11, Piracicaba, São Paulo 13418900, Brazil
| | - Luis F B Pinto
- Dept. of Animal Science, Federal Univ. of Bahia, Av. Adhemar de Barros, 500, Ondina, Salvador, Bahia 40170110, Brazil
| | - Tiago C Rocha
- Dept. of Animal Science, Federal Univ. of Bahia, Av. Adhemar de Barros, 500, Ondina, Salvador, Bahia 40170110, Brazil
| | - Jusaline F Vieira
- Dept. of Animal Science, Federal Univ. of Bahia, Av. Adhemar de Barros, 500, Ondina, Salvador, Bahia 40170110, Brazil
| | - Leilson R Bezerra
- Dept. of Animal Science, Federal Univ. of Piaui, Rodovia Bom Jesus-Viana, km 135, Bom Jesus, Piaui 64900000, Brazil
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