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Siqueira MCB, Chagas JCC, Monnerat JPIS, Monteiro CCF, Mora-Luna RE, Felix SB, Rabelo MN, Mesquita FLT, Ferreira JCS, Ferreira MA. Cactus Cladodes Opuntia or Nopalea and By-Product of Low Nutritional Value as Solutions to Forage Shortages in Semiarid Areas. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12223182. [PMID: 36428409 PMCID: PMC9686814 DOI: 10.3390/ani12223182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to evaluate the effect of the cactus cladodes Nopalea cochenillifera (L). Salm-Dyck. (NUB) and cactus cladodes Opuntia stricta (Haw.) Haw. (OUB), both combined with sugarcane bagasse (SB) plus urea, Tifton hay (TH), corn silage (CS), and sorghum silage (SS) plus urea on nutrient intake and digestibility, ruminal dynamics, and parameters. Five male sheep, fistulated in the rumen, were assigned in a 5 × 5 Latin square design. The NUB provided a higher intake of dry matter (DM) and any nutrients than SS. TH provided larger pools of DM and iNDF. The OUB and CS provided a higher DM degradation. CS provided a higher NDF degradation rate. OUB provided a lower ruminal pH. Depending on the collection time, the lowest pH value was estimated at 3.79 h after the morning feeding. There was an interaction between treatments and collection time on VFA concentrations. Due to the high degradation rate, greater energy intake, less change in rumen pH, greater volatile fatty acid production, and feasibility, we recommend using cactus associated with sugarcane bagasse plus urea in sheep diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle C. B. Siqueira
- Department of Animal Science, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Dom Manoel de Medeiros Street, Dois Irmãos, Recife 52171-900, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Juana C. C. Chagas
- Department of Agriculture Research for Northern Sweden, Swedish University of Agriculture Sciences (SLU), 901 83 SE Umeå, Sweden
- Correspondence: (J.C.C.C.); (M.A.F.)
| | - João Paulo I. S. Monnerat
- Department of Animal Science, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Dom Manoel de Medeiros Street, Dois Irmãos, Recife 52171-900, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Carolina C. F. Monteiro
- Department of Animal Science, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Dom Manoel de Medeiros Street, Dois Irmãos, Recife 52171-900, Pernambuco, Brazil
- Animal Science Department, State University of Alagoas, BR 316, km 87,5, Santana do Ipanema 57500-000, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Robert E. Mora-Luna
- Department of Animal Science, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Dom Manoel de Medeiros Street, Dois Irmãos, Recife 52171-900, Pernambuco, Brazil
- Animal Science Department, Federal University of Norte of Tocantins, Araguaína 77804-970, Tocantins, Brazil
| | - Silas B. Felix
- Department of Animal Science, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Dom Manoel de Medeiros Street, Dois Irmãos, Recife 52171-900, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Milena N. Rabelo
- Department of Animal Science, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Dom Manoel de Medeiros Street, Dois Irmãos, Recife 52171-900, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Fernando L. T. Mesquita
- Agronomic Institute of Pernambuco, Experimental Station, Sertânia 56600-000, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Juliana C. S. Ferreira
- Department of Animal Science, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Dom Manoel de Medeiros Street, Dois Irmãos, Recife 52171-900, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Marcelo A. Ferreira
- Department of Animal Science, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Dom Manoel de Medeiros Street, Dois Irmãos, Recife 52171-900, Pernambuco, Brazil
- Correspondence: (J.C.C.C.); (M.A.F.)
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Kidney changes in lambs fed cactus pear varieties resistant to Dactylopius opuntiae as the only roughage. Trop Anim Health Prod 2022; 54:311. [PMID: 36125577 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-022-03328-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of four varieties of cactus pear resistant to carmine cochineal as exclusive roughage for lambs on the biochemical, histopathological, and histomorphometric parameters of kidneys. Twenty-four castrated male crossbred lambs at eight months of age and an initial body weight of 21.0 ± 0.5 kg were distributed in a completely randomized design, with four treatments and six repetitions. The experimental treatments consisted of four diets containing Miúda cactus pear, IPA-Sertânia cactus pear, IPA-F21 cactus pear, or Orelha de Elefante Mexicana (OEM) cactus pear as the only roughage. Blood samples were collected every two weeks (14 d, 28 d, 42 d, and 56 d) to quantify serum urea and creatinine levels. After 72 days of the introduction of the tested diets, the animals were slaughtered and fragments of the kidneys were collected for histological analysis. The serum urea level was higher in animals fed a diet based on the Miúda variety (49.38 mg dL-1), and the serum creatinine levels were lower in the last two collections (P = 0.009). The most frequent histopathological findings in the kidneys were calcification, congestion, glomerular atrophy, presence of luminal cellular debris, and nephrosis, regardless of the cactus pear variety. The Miúda cactus pear and OEM cactus pear varieties caused more severe damage to the nephron components, while the varieties IPA F-21 and IPA-Sertânia caused less significant injuries. The use of IPA-Sertânia and IPA F-21 cactus pear varieties is suggested in lamb's diets, due to the lower impact on the renal parenchyma. However, there was no expressive impairment of renal function, and there was no difference between the cactus pear varieties tested in this study on the weight gain of the animals, and they can all be used to feed feedlot sheep.
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Netto A, Gama M, Guido S, Bessa R, Inácio J, Monteiro C, Melo G, Ribeiro E, Ferreira M. Replacing Corn With Full-fat Corn Germ in a Basal Diet Containing Cactus (Opuntia strica) Cladodes and Sugarcane as Forage Sources Induces Milk Fat Depression Associated With the trans-10 Shift in Dairy Cows. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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dos Santos DS, Macedo AV, da Conceição MG, de Siqueira MC, Mora-Luna RE, de Vasconcelos EQ, de Oliveira JP, de F. Monteiro CC, Silva JDL, Ferreira MDA. Sugarcane replaced by cactus cladodes improves the ruminal dynamics of sheep. Small Rumin Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2022.106649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Productive responses of dairy goats fed on diets containing elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) associated or not with cactus (Opuntia stricta) cladodes, and extra-fat whole corn germ as a substitute for corn. Small Rumin Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2021.106609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Filho GA, Silva RR, da Silva FF, da Silva APG, Paixão TP, de Souza SO, de Melo Lisboa M, Barroso DS, Silva JWD, Alba HDR, de Carvalho GGP. Effects of replacing ground corn with Nopalea cochenillifera meal on the intake, performance, and economic viability of grazing steers. Trop Anim Health Prod 2022; 54:35. [PMID: 34988685 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-03029-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of replacing different levels of spineless-cactus meal instead of ground corn on supplements for crossbred steers grazing in Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandú pastures. Forty crossbred steers with an average body weight (BW) of 261 ± 7.46 kg were distributed in a completely randomized design. In supplements, the ground corn grain was substituted with 0%, 30%, 60%, and 90% spineless-cactus meal. The substitution of spineless-cactus meal instead ground corn promoted a linear decrease in the ether extract (EE; P = 0.03) and non-fibrous carbohydrates (NFC; P < 0.01) intakes. The apparent digestibility of EE was influenced (P < 0.05) showing a linear decrease. The apparent digestibility of NFC had a quadratic effect (P = 0.03). For the neutral detergent fiber corrected for ash and protein, the apparent digestibility increased linearly (P = 0.01). The average daily gain showed a quadratic effect (P < 0.01), with a maximum response estimated at 44.94% (1055.52 g/day) substitution with spineless-cactus meal for ground corn. The cost per animal per period and the cost per hectare decreased linearly (P < 0.01). The revenue, net revenue, exchange rate, and monthly revenue of the activity showed quadratic responses to the spineless-cactus meal supplements (P < 0.01), with maximum effects at 44.99%, 47.46%, 61.25%, and 57.35%, respectively. The substitution with up to 44.94% of spineless-cactus meal for ground corn provided daily gains, increased the feed conversion, and was favorable as a cost to the production system. Moreover, the profitability increased with maximum animal performance and improved use of fiber from pastures.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Abreu Filho
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Itapetinga, Bahia, 45700-000, Brazil
| | - Robério Rodrigues Silva
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Itapetinga, Bahia, 45700-000, Brazil
| | - Fabiano Ferreira da Silva
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Itapetinga, Bahia, 45700-000, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Gomes da Silva
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Itapetinga, Bahia, 45700-000, Brazil
| | - Tarcísio Pereira Paixão
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Itapetinga, Bahia, 45700-000, Brazil
| | - Sinvaldo Oliveira de Souza
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Itapetinga, Bahia, 45700-000, Brazil
| | - Mateus de Melo Lisboa
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Itapetinga, Bahia, 45700-000, Brazil
| | - Daniele Soares Barroso
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Itapetinga, Bahia, 45700-000, Brazil
| | - João Wilian Dias Silva
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Itapetinga, Bahia, 45700-000, Brazil
| | - Henry Daniel Ruiz Alba
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, 40170-110, Brazil
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Munhame J, Batista Â, Monnerat J, Maciel M, Lopes L, Silva T, Andrade R, Cardoso D, Carvalho F. Intake, digestibility, ingestive behavior and performance of goats fed spineless cactus genotypes resistant to carmine cochineal. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-12381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT The objective was to evaluate the intake and digestibility of nutrients, ingestive behavior, and performance of goats fed with spineless cactus genotypes resistant to carmine cochineal (Miúda or Orelha de Elefante Mexicana (OEM). Thirty castrated male goats, without defined breed, aged 12 to 14 months, with an average body weight of 19.0±2.8kg, were distributed in a completely randomized design among three treatments (Control - Tifton hay, Miúda, and OEM) and ten replicates; the initial weight was considered as the covariate. The intake of organic matter (OM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) was highest in the control treatment, while the intake of NFC was higher in the OEM diet. Treatments containing forage cactus showed the highest digestibility of DM, OM, and NFC. The animals fed the control diet spent more time on rumination and total chewing, but the time spent feeding or feeding efficiency, and performance did not differ. The use of spineless cactus genotypes resistant to carmine cochineal (Miúda and Orelha de Elefante Mexicana) in a diet for goats, in the amount of 450g/kg of DM does not interfere with the performance of the animals and improves the digestibility of OM and NFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.A. Munhame
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - L.A. Lopes
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - T.G.P. Silva
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - R.B. Andrade
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - D.B. Cardoso
- Universidade Federal do Agreste de Pernambuco, Brasil
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Rocha Filho RR, Santos DC, Véras ASC, Siqueira MCB, Monteiro CCF, Mora-Luna RE, Farias LR, Santos VLF, Chagas JC, Ferreira MA. Miúda ( Nopalea cochenillifera (L.) Salm-Dyck)-The Best Forage Cactus Genotype for Feeding Lactating Dairy Cows in Semiarid Regions. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11061774. [PMID: 34198558 PMCID: PMC8231938 DOI: 10.3390/ani11061774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The usage of forage cactus is essential for the maintenance of livestock activity in semiarid regions as an alternative to conventional crops. Cactaceae have adaptive characteristics that ensure their development progress under drought conditions. Four genotypes of forage cactus (Gigante, Miúda, IPA Sertânia, and Orelha de Elefante Mexicana) were fed to lactating dairy cows and the diets were then evaluated based on animal performance, milk fatty acid profile, and microbial protein synthesis. Miúda forage cactus led to a higher nutrient intake and milk yield, as well as greater microbial protein synthesis. Higher saturated fatty acids were observed when the Gigante and IPA Sertânia forage cactus genotypes were fed to dairy cows. Orelha de Elefante Mexicana forage cactus caused lower milk yield along with protein yields and content; however, it improved the milk fatty acid profile by promoting a higher ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids and desirable fatty acids. It is concluded that the Miúda forage cactus is the genotype most suitable for the diets of lactating dairy cows. Abstract This study aimed to investigate the effects on nutrient intake and digestibility, milk yield (MY) and composition, milk fatty acids profile, and microbial protein synthesis caused by feeding lactating dairy cows four different forage cactus genotypes. Eight Girolando cows (5/8 Holstein × 3/8 Gyr), weighing 490 ± 69.0 kg (means ± standard deviation), and producing 15.5 ± 1.0 kg/d of milk during pretrial were distributed to two contemporaneous 4 × 4 Latin squares. The cows were fed a total mixed ration composed of sorghum silage (385 g/kg of dry matter (DM)), concentrated mix (175 g/kg DM), and forage cactus (440 g/kg DM). The experimental treatments consisted of different cactus genotypes, such as Gigante cactus (GC), Miúda cactus (MC), IPA Sertânia cactus (SC), and Orelha de Elefante Mexicana cactus (OEMC). The feeding of MC provided a higher intake of DM, organic matter (OM), and total digestible nutrients, as well as higher MY, energy-corrected milk, and microbial protein synthesis in comparison with those resulting from the other genotypes tested. The GC promoted lower DM and OM, and the apparent digestibility of neutral detergent fiber. The cows fed with OEMC showed lower MY and milk protein yield and content, and higher unsaturated over saturated fatty acid ratio in milk. Miúda forage cactus increased nutrient intake, digestibility of DM and OM, and microbial synthesis without impairing the milk fatty acid profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubem R. Rocha Filho
- Department of Animal Science, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife 52171900, PE, Brazil; (R.R.R.F.); (A.S.C.V.); (M.C.B.S.); (L.R.F.); (M.A.F.)
- Federal Institute of Education Science and Technology of Alagoas, Satuba 57120000, AL, Brazil
| | - Djalma C. Santos
- Agronomic Institute of Pernambuco, Experimental Station of Arcoverde, Arcoverde 56500000, PE, Brazil;
| | - Antonia S. C. Véras
- Department of Animal Science, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife 52171900, PE, Brazil; (R.R.R.F.); (A.S.C.V.); (M.C.B.S.); (L.R.F.); (M.A.F.)
| | - Michelle C. B. Siqueira
- Department of Animal Science, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife 52171900, PE, Brazil; (R.R.R.F.); (A.S.C.V.); (M.C.B.S.); (L.R.F.); (M.A.F.)
| | | | - Robert E. Mora-Luna
- Táchira National Experimental University, San Cristóbal 5001, Táchira, Venezuela;
| | - Lucas R. Farias
- Department of Animal Science, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife 52171900, PE, Brazil; (R.R.R.F.); (A.S.C.V.); (M.C.B.S.); (L.R.F.); (M.A.F.)
| | - Viviany L. F. Santos
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Piauí, Bom Jesus 64900000, PI, Brazil;
| | - Juana C. Chagas
- Department of Agricultural Research for Northern Sweden, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), 90183 Umeå, Sweden
- Correspondence:
| | - Marcelo A. Ferreira
- Department of Animal Science, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife 52171900, PE, Brazil; (R.R.R.F.); (A.S.C.V.); (M.C.B.S.); (L.R.F.); (M.A.F.)
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Andreu-Coll L, Cano-Lamadrid M, Noguera-Artiaga L, Lipan L, Carbonell-Barrachina ÁA, Rocamora-Montiel B, Legua P, Hernández F, López-Lluch D. Economic estimation of cactus pear production and its feasibility in Spain. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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de Albuquerque Saraiva T, de Figueiredo Monteiro CC, Feitosa EMS, de Oliveira Moraes GS, Netto AJ, Cardoso DB, Magalhães ALR, de Melo AAS. Effect of association of fresh cassava root with corn silage in replacement for cactus cladodes on dairy cow performance. Trop Anim Health Prod 2020; 52:927-933. [PMID: 31628590 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-019-02087-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the replacement effect of cactus cladodes with cassava root and corn silage (CRCS) (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100%, dry matter basis) in diets of lactating dairy cows on nutrients intake and digestibility, microbial protein synthesis, nitrogen balance, and milk yield. Ten Holstein cows with an average milk yield of 16 kg/day, an initial body weight (BW) of 670 ± 35 kg, and an average of 17 weeks in milking were assigned to an experiment using a double 5 × 5 Latin square design. The ratio of forage/concentrate was 82:18, and the ingredients used were cactus cladodes, cassava root, corn silage, soybean meal, wheat meal, urea, and mineral premix. The intake of dry matter, organic matter, and total digestible nutrients were not influenced by the replacement levels. On the other hand, the intake of crude protein and neutral detergent fiber increased while the intake of non-fiber carbohydrates decreased with addition of CRCS. The digestibility of the nutrients was not changed as the milk yield as fat-corrected milk production and milk content of fat, protein, lactose, and total solids. The microbial protein synthesis, microbial protein efficiency, nitrogen balance, and efficiency of N in milk were not changed. Therefore, we recommend the complete replacement of cactus cladodes by cassava root and corn silage in the diets of lactating cows with an average milk yield of 16 kg/day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tibério de Albuquerque Saraiva
- Academic Unit of Garanhuns, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Bom Pastor Avenue, s/n, Boa Vista, Garanhuns, PE, 55292-270, Brazil
| | | | - Erickson Marcos Santos Feitosa
- Academic Unit of Garanhuns, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Bom Pastor Avenue, s/n, Boa Vista, Garanhuns, PE, 55292-270, Brazil
| | - Gláucia Sabrine de Oliveira Moraes
- Department of Animal Science, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Dom Manoel de Medeiros Street, s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE, 52171-900, Brazil
| | - Antonio Joelson Netto
- Department of Animal Science, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Dom Manoel de Medeiros Street, s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE, 52171-900, Brazil
| | - Daniel Barros Cardoso
- Academic Unit of Garanhuns, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Bom Pastor Avenue, s/n, Boa Vista, Garanhuns, PE, 55292-270, Brazil.
| | - André Luiz Rodrigues Magalhães
- Academic Unit of Garanhuns, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Bom Pastor Avenue, s/n, Boa Vista, Garanhuns, PE, 55292-270, Brazil
| | - Airon Aparecido Silva de Melo
- Academic Unit of Garanhuns, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Bom Pastor Avenue, s/n, Boa Vista, Garanhuns, PE, 55292-270, Brazil
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Nutritional effects of using cactus cladodes (Opuntia stricta Haw Haw) to replace sorghum silage in sheep diet. Trop Anim Health Prod 2020; 52:1875-1880. [PMID: 31955379 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-020-02213-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of replacing the sorghum silage in sheep diet with cactus cladodes [CC - Opuntia stricta (Haw) Haw] on dry matter and its compound intake and digestibility, feeding behavior, and nitrogen balance. The diets consisted of five replacement levels [0, 200, 400, 600, and 800 g/kg on a dry matter (DM) basis] and were formulated to be isonitrogenous [140 g/kg crude protein [CP], considering the ingredients' composition, with a roughage/concentrate ratio of 65:35, on a DM basis. Five uncastrated crossbred sheep, with an average body weight of 52.9 ± 6.0 kg, were assigned to a 5 × 5 Latin square. The trial lasted for 105 days with five consecutive 21-day periods, divided into 14-day adaptation and 7-day sampling periods. Dry matter (DM), organic matter, non-fiber carbohydrate (NFC), total digestible nutrient intake, and DM and NFC digestibility, increased (P ≤ 0.04) with the replacement of sorghum silage by CC. However, the time spent feeding and ruminating decreased, while idle time increased (P ≤ 0.03). Only feeding and rumination efficiency of DM improved (P ≤ 0.01) with the replacement, whereas feeding and rumination efficiency of neutral detergent fiber corrected to ash and protein did not. Nitrogen intake and nitrogen balance were not influenced, and urinary volume increased (P ≤ 0.01) with the addition of CC in the diet. In conclusion, we recommend replacing 80% of the sorghum silage with CC in sheep diets (with 35% concentrate), as CC was found to substantially increase the intake of nutrients, primarily energy.
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PEREIRA JDS, CAVALCANTE AB, NOGUEIRA GHMDSMF, CAMPOS FS, ARAÚJO GGLD, SIMÕES WL, VOLTOLINI TV. Morphological and yield responses of spineless cactus Orelha de Elefante Mexicana under different cutting intensities. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE SAÚDE E PRODUÇÃO ANIMAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/s1519-99402121142020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT The objective was to evaluate the effects of different cutting intensities on the morphological responses and forage yield of spineless cactus Orelha de Elefante Mexicana (OEM) (Opuntia stricta (Haw.) Haw) in a 12-month cycle, receiving supplemental irrigation. Three cutting intensities were evaluated: cut preserving only the mother cladode (MOTHC), cut preserving primary cladodes (PRIMC), and cut preserving secondary cladodes (SECC), equivalent to initial residual cladode area index (rCAI) of 0.08, 0.33 and 0.69, respectively. The experiment was a randomized block design with eight replicates. The cutting intensities PRIMC and SECC resulted in higher plant height and width, total cladode number and cladode area index compared to MOTHC. The harvested plant weight, forage yield (t DM ha-1), forage accumulation rate and water use efficiency were greater for PRIMC and SECC in comparison to MOTHC. The forage yield for MOTHC was 20.92 t DM (dry matter) ha-1, while for PRIMC and SECC were 37.55 and 33.18 t DM ha-1, respectively. The final CAI was 1.23, 2.53 and 3.55 for MOTHC, SECC and PRIMC, respectively. Morphological and yield responses of OEM Spineless cactus under supplemental irrigation are influenced by cutting intensities, in which less intense cuts (preserving the primary or secondary cladodes) promote taller and wider plants, and higher forage yield.
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Inácio JG, da Conceição MG, Santos DCD, Vieira de Oliveira JC, Chagas JCC, Moraes GSDO, Silva ETDS, Ferreira MDA. Nutritional and performance viability of cactus Opuntia-based diets added to concentrate levels for Girolando lactating dairy cows. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2019; 33:35-43. [PMID: 31208183 PMCID: PMC6946989 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.18.0916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of different concentrate levels in diets based on cactus Opuntia Stricta (Haw.) Haw cladodes on the performance of lactating Girolando cows. Methods The experiment involved 10 Girolando multiparous dairy cows at 512.6 kg of body weight (BW) and producing 13.2 kg milk/d, allocated into two 5×5 Latin squares. The experimental treatments consisted of control diet composed by cactus Nopalea cochenillifera. Salm-Dyck. cladodes (Nopalea), forage sorghum silage and concentrate at 20% on dry matter (DM) basis, and four concentrate levels diets (20%, 24%, 28%, and 32%) plus cactus Opuntia stricta (Haw.) Haw. cladodes (Opuntia) and forage sorghum silage. Results Regarding cows fed control diet, the nutrients intake were greater than for cows fed with cactus Opuntia and concentrate. Regarding concentrate levels, intakes of DM, organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), non-fiber carbohydrates (NFC), and total digestible nutrients of cows increased linearly. Organic matter, CP, and NDF digestibilities were similar in between to control diet and cactus Opuntia-based diets. The digestibility of NFC increased linearly when the concentrate was inserted. The N balance was the same for control diet and cactus Opuntia-based diets, irrespective the concentrate levels. Conclusion For cows producing 14 kg/d with 3.5% of fat, it is recommended 32% of concentrate to be included in cactus Opuntia-based diets, and the increase in concentrate level promotes a linear increase in milk yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Gomes Inácio
- Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Department of Animal Science, 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Juana Catarina Cariri Chagas
- Department of Agricultural Research of Northern Sweden, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 90183 Umeå, Sweden
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