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Lilly JL, Gottipati A, Cahall CF, Agoub M, Berron BJ. Comparison of eosin and fluorescein conjugates for the photoinitiation of cell-compatible polymer coatings. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0190880. [PMID: 29309430 PMCID: PMC5757926 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted photopolymerization is the basis for multiple diagnostic and cell encapsulation technologies. While eosin is used in conjunction with tertiary amines as a water-soluble photoinitiation system, eosin is not widely sold as a conjugate with antibodies and other targeting biomolecules. Here we evaluate the utility of fluorescein-labeled bioconjugates to photopolymerize targeted coatings on live cells. We show that although fluorescein conjugates absorb approximately 50% less light energy than eosin in matched photopolymerization experiments using a 530 nm LED lamp, appreciable polymer thicknesses can still be formed in cell compatible environments with fluorescein photosensitization. At low photoinitiator density, eosin allows more sensitive initiation of gelation. However at higher functionalization densities, the thickness of fluorescein polymer films begins to rival that of eosin. Commercial fluorescein-conjugated antibodies are also capable of generating conformal, protective coatings on mammalian cells with similar viability and encapsulation efficiency as eosin systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob L. Lilly
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Anuhya Gottipati
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Calvin F. Cahall
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Mohamed Agoub
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Brad J. Berron
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
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Zhuang D, Wen F, Cui Y, Tan T, Yang J. Chitosan/Ce(IV) redox polymerization-based amplification for detection of DNA point mutation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.28050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dequan Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource, College of Life Science and Technology; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 China
| | - Fei Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource, College of Life Science and Technology; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 China
| | - Yanjun Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource, College of Life Science and Technology; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 China
| | - Tianwei Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource, College of Life Science and Technology; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 China
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource, College of Life Science and Technology; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 China
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Signal amplification strategies for DNA and protein detection based on polymeric nanocomposites and polymerization: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 877:19-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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4
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Kaastrup K, Sikes HD. Investigation of dendrimers functionalized with eosin as macrophotoinitiators for polymerization-based signal amplification reactions. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra14466j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Water-soluble macrophotoinitiators with up to 24 eosin substituents and one protein per dendrimer were assessed in interfacial binding assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Kaastrup
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Cambridge
- USA
| | - H. D. Sikes
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Cambridge
- USA
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Lilly JL, Sheldon PR, Hoversten LJ, Romero G, Balasubramaniam V, Berron BJ. Interfacial polymerization for colorimetric labeling of protein expression in cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e115630. [PMID: 25536421 PMCID: PMC4275217 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Determining the location of rare proteins in cells typically requires the use of on-sample amplification. Antibody based recognition and enzymatic amplification is used to produce large amounts of visible label at the site of protein expression, but these techniques suffer from the presence of nonspecific reactivity in the biological sample and from poor spatial control over the label. Polymerization based amplification is a recently developed alternative means of creating an on-sample amplification for fluorescence applications, while not suffering from endogenous labels or loss of signal localization. This manuscript builds upon polymerization based amplification by developing a stable, archivable, and colorimetric mode of amplification termed Polymer Dye Labeling. The basic concept involves an interfacial polymer grown at the site of protein expression and subsequent staining of this polymer with an appropriate dye. The dyes Evans Blue and eosin were initially investigated for colorimetric response in a microarray setting, where both specifically stained polymer films on glass. The process was translated to the staining of protein expression in human dermal fibroblast cells, and Polymer Dye Labeling was specific to regions consistent with desired protein expression. The labeling is stable for over 200 days in ambient conditions and is also compatible with modern mounting medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob L. Lilly
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Phillip R. Sheldon
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Liv J. Hoversten
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Gabriela Romero
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Vivek Balasubramaniam
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Brad J. Berron
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Kaastrup K, Chan L, Sikes HD. Impact of Dissociation Constant on the Detection Sensitivity of Polymerization-Based Signal Amplification Reactions. Anal Chem 2013; 85:8055-60. [DOI: 10.1021/ac4018988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaja Kaastrup
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139,
United States
| | - Leslie Chan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139,
United States
| | - Hadley D. Sikes
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139,
United States
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Berron BJ, May AM, Zheng Z, Balasubramaniam V, Bowman CN. Antigen-responsive, microfluidic valves for single use diagnostics. LAB ON A CHIP 2012; 12:708-10. [PMID: 22218407 PMCID: PMC4030428 DOI: 10.1039/c2lc21101g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The growing need for medical diagnostics in resource limited settings is driving the development of simple, standalone immunoassay devices. A capillary flow device using polymerization based amplification is capable of blocking a microfluidic channel in response to target biomaterials, enabling multiple modes of detection that require little or no supplemental instrumentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brad J. Berron
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, UCB 424, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA Fax: 3034924341; Tel: 303 492 3247
- Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Allison M. May
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, UCB 424, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA Fax: 3034924341; Tel: 303 492 3247
| | - Zheng Zheng
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, UCB 424, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA Fax: 3034924341; Tel: 303 492 3247
| | | | - Christopher N. Bowman
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, UCB 424, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA Fax: 3034924341; Tel: 303 492 3247
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Berron BJ, Johnson LM, Ba X, McCall JD, Alvey NJ, Anseth KS, Bowman CN. Glucose oxidase-mediated polymerization as a platform for dual-mode signal amplification and biodetection. Biotechnol Bioeng 2011; 108:1521-8. [PMID: 21337335 PMCID: PMC3098304 DOI: 10.1002/bit.23101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2010] [Revised: 01/31/2011] [Accepted: 02/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We report the first use of a polymerization-based ELISA substrate solution employing enzymatically mediated radical polymerization as a dual-mode amplification strategy. Enzymes are selectively coupled to surfaces to generate radicals that subsequently lead to polymerization-based amplification (PBA) and biodetection. Sensitivity and amplification of the polymerization-based detection system were optimized in a microwell strip format using a biotinylated microwell surface with a glucose oxidase (GOx)–avidin conjugate. The immobilized GOx is used to initiate polymerization, enabling the detection of the biorecognition event visually or through the use of a plate reader. Assay response is compared to that of an enzymatic substrate utilizing nitroblue tetrazolium in a simplified assay using biotinylated wells. The polymerization substrate exhibits equivalent sensitivity (2 µg/mL of GOx-avidin) and over three times greater signal amplification than this traditional enzymatic substrate since each radical that is enzymatically generated leads to a large number of polymerization events. Enzyme-mediated polymerization proceeds in an ambient atmosphere without the need for external energy sources, which is an improvement upon previous PBA platforms. Substrate formulations are highly sensitive to both glucose and iron concentrations at the lowest enzyme concentrations. Increases in amplification time correspond to higher assay sensitivities with no increase in non-specific signal. Finally, the polymerization substrate generated a signal to noise ratio of 14 at the detection limit (156 ng/mL) in an assay of transforming growth factor-beta. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2011; 108:1521–1528. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brad J Berron
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, ECCH 111, UCB 424, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0424, USA
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Stenzel M. The Ever Changing Faces of Polymer Science: The 32nd Australasian Polymer Symposium. Aust J Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1071/ch11310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Johnson LM, Hansen RR, Urban M, Kuchta RD, Bowman CN. Photoinitiator nucleotide for quantifying nucleic Acid hybridization. Biomacromolecules 2010; 11:1133-8. [PMID: 20337438 DOI: 10.1021/bm901441v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Leah M Johnson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, ECCH 111 CB 424, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
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Barner-Kowollik C. Vibrant Macromolecular Science at the 30th Australasian Polymer Symposium. Aust J Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1071/ch09129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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