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Zhang Y, Zhang J, Xu S, Shi G, He Y, Qiao X, Pang X. BaTiO 3 Catalyzed Ultrasonic-Driven Piezoelectric-Induced Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain-Transfer Polymerization in Aqueous Media. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024:e2400235. [PMID: 38742492 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202400235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Compared with normal stimulus such as light and heat, ultrasonic possesses much deeper penetration into tissues and organs and has lower scattering in heterogeneous systems as a noninvasive stimulus. Reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer polymerization (RAFT) in aqueous media is performed in a commercial ultrasonic wash bath with 40 kHz frequency ultrasonic, in the presence of piezoelectric tetragonal BaTiO3 (BTO) nanoparticles. Owing to the electron transfer from BTO under the ultrasonic action, the water can be decomposed to produce hydroxyl radical (HO•) and initiate the RAFT polymerization (piezo-RAFT). The piezo-RAFT polymerization exhibits features of controllable and livingness, such as linear increase of molar mass and narrow molar mass distributions (Mw/Mn < 1.20). Excellent temporal control of the polymerization and the chain fidelity of polymers are illustrated by "ON and OFF" experiment and chain extension, separately. Moreover, this ultrasonic-driven piezoelectric-induced RAFT polymerization in aqueous media can be directly used for the preparation of piezoelectric hydrogel which have potential application for stress sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Living Polymerizations and Functional Nanomaterials, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Junle Zhang
- Faculty of Engineering, Huanghe Science and Technology College, Zhengzhou, 450063, China
| | - Shuo Xu
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Living Polymerizations and Functional Nanomaterials, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Ge Shi
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Living Polymerizations and Functional Nanomaterials, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yanjie He
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Living Polymerizations and Functional Nanomaterials, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Xiaoguang Qiao
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Living Polymerizations and Functional Nanomaterials, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- College of Materials Engineering, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Rare Earth Composite Materials, Henan Engineering Technology Research Center for Fiber Preparation and Modification, Henan University of Engineering, Zhengzhou, 451191, China
| | - Xinchang Pang
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Living Polymerizations and Functional Nanomaterials, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
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2
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Darmayanti MG, Tuck KL, Thang SH. Carbon Dioxide Capture by Emerging Innovative Polymers: Status and Perspectives. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2403324. [PMID: 38709571 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202403324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
A significant amount of research has been conducted in carbon dioxide (CO2) capture, particularly over the past decade, and continues to evolve. This review presents the most recent advancements in synthetic methodologies and CO2 capture capabilities of diverse polymer-based substances, which includes the amine-based polymers, porous organic polymers, and polymeric membranes, covering publications in the last 5 years (2019-2024). It aims to assist researchers with new insights and approaches to develop innovative polymer-based materials with improved capturing CO2 capacity, efficiency, sustainability, and cost-effective, thereby addressing the current obstacles in carbon capture and storage to sooner meeting the net-zero CO2 emission target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Made Ganesh Darmayanti
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton Campus, Victoria, 3800, Australia
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Mataram, Jalan Majapahit 62 Mataram, Nusa Tenggara Barat, 83125, Indonesia
| | - Kellie L Tuck
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton Campus, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - San H Thang
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton Campus, Victoria, 3800, Australia
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3
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Skandalis A, Sentoukas T, Selianitis D, Balafouti A, Pispas S. Using RAFT Polymerization Methodologies to Create Branched and Nanogel-Type Copolymers. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:1947. [PMID: 38730753 PMCID: PMC11084462 DOI: 10.3390/ma17091947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
This review aims to highlight the most recent advances in the field of the synthesis of branched copolymers and nanogels using reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. RAFT polymerization is a reversible deactivation radical polymerization technique (RDRP) that has gained tremendous attention due to its versatility, compatibility with a plethora of functional monomers, and mild polymerization conditions. These parameters lead to final polymers with good control over the molar mass and narrow molar mass distributions. Branched polymers can be defined as the incorporation of secondary polymer chains to a primary backbone, resulting in a wide range of complex macromolecular architectures, like star-shaped, graft, and hyperbranched polymers and nanogels. These subcategories will be discussed in detail in this review in terms of synthesis routes and properties, mainly in solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Skandalis
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece; (D.S.); (A.B.)
| | - Theodore Sentoukas
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 M. Curie-Sklodowska Street, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Dimitrios Selianitis
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece; (D.S.); (A.B.)
| | - Anastasia Balafouti
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece; (D.S.); (A.B.)
| | - Stergios Pispas
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece; (D.S.); (A.B.)
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4
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Oumerri J, Qayouh H, Arteni AA, Six JL, Lahcini M, Ferji K. One-pot Formulation of Cationic Oligochitosan Coated Nanoparticles via Photo- Polymerization Induced Self-Assembly. Chemphyschem 2024:e202400291. [PMID: 38646967 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202400291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
During last few decades, oligochitosan (OCS)-coated nanoparticles have received great interest for nanomedicine, food and environment applications. However, their current formulation techniques are time-consuming with multi-synthesis/purification steps and sometimes require the use of organic solvents, crosslinkers and surfactants. Herein, we report a facile and rapid one-pot synthesis of OCS-based nanoparticles using photo-initiated reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer polymerization-induced self-assembly (Photo-RAFT PISA) under UV-irradiation at room temperature. To achieve this, OCS was first functionalized by a chain transfer agent (CTA) resulting in a macromolecular chain transfer agent (OCS-CTA), which will act as a reactive electrostatic/steric stabilizer. Owing to its UV-sensitivity, OCS-CTA was then used as photo-iniferter to initiate the polymerization of 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate (HPMA) in aqueous acidic buffer, resulting in OCS-g-PHPMA amphiphilic grafted copolymers which self-assemble into nano-objects. Transmission electron microscopy and light scattering analysis reveal formation of spherical nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihad Oumerri
- Laboratoire de chimie physique macromoleculaire (LCPM), Université de Lorraine, CNRS, 1 rue Grandville, F-54000, NANCY, France
- LCO2MC, Cadi Ayyad University, Bd Abdelkrim Al Khattabi, 40000, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Hicham Qayouh
- LCO2MC, Cadi Ayyad University, Bd Abdelkrim Al Khattabi, 40000, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Ana Andreea Arteni
- Cryo-Electron Microscopy Facility, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, 1 Av. de la Terrasse Bâtiment 21, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Jean-Luc Six
- Laboratoire de chimie physique macromoleculaire (LCPM), Université de Lorraine, CNRS, 1 rue Grandville, F-54000, NANCY, France
| | - Mohammed Lahcini
- LCO2MC, Cadi Ayyad University, Bd Abdelkrim Al Khattabi, 40000, Marrakech, Morocco
- Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Lot 660, ISSB-P, 43150, Benguerir, Morocco
| | - Khalid Ferji
- Laboratoire de chimie physique macromoleculaire (LCPM), Université de Lorraine, CNRS, 1 rue Grandville, F-54000, NANCY, France
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5
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Zhang Z, Li Z, Shi Y, Chen Y. Molecular Bottlebrushes as Emerging Nanocarriers: Material Design and Biomedical Application. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:7286-7299. [PMID: 38535519 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
As a unique unimolecular nanoobject, molecular bottlebrushes (MBBs) have attracted great interest from researchers in nanocarriers attributed to their defined structure, size, and shape. MBBs with various architectures have been proposed and constructed with well-defined domains for loading "cargos", including core, shell, and periphery functional groups. Compared with nanomaterials based on self-assembly, MBBs have lots of advantages, including facile synthesis, flexible compositions, favorable stability, and tunable size and shape, that make them a promising nanoplatform for various applications. This paper summarizes the recent progress during the past decade, with a focus on developments within the last five years in the synthesis of MBBs with different architectures, and uses them as nanocarriers in drug delivery, biological imaging, and other emerging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zheqi Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yi Shi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yongming Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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6
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Zeitler SM, Golder MR. Shake, shear, and grind! - the evolution of mechanoredox polymerization methodology. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 60:26-35. [PMID: 38018257 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04323a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
In the last half decade, mechanoredox catalysis has enabled an entirely new genre of polymerization methodology. In this paradigm, mechanical force, such as ultrasonic cavitation bubble collapse or ball mill grinding, polarizes piezoelectric nanoparticles; the resultant piezopotential drives the redox processes necessary for free- and controlled-radical polymerizations. Since being introduced, evolution of these methods facilitates exploration of mechanistic underpinnings behind key electron-transfer events. Mechanical force has not only been identified as a "greener" alternative to more traditional reaction stimuli (e.g., heat, light) for the synthesis of commodity polymers, but also a potential technology to enable the production of novel thermoplastic and thermoset materials that are either challenging, or even impossible, to access using conventional solution-state approaches. In this Feature Article, significant contributions to such methods are highlighted within. Advances and ongoing challenges in both ultrasound and ball milling driven reactions for radical polymerization and crosslinking are identified and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Zeitler
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering & Science Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Matthew R Golder
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering & Science Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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7
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Romero JF, Herziger S, Cherri M, Dimde M, Achazi K, Mohammadifar E, Haag R. Dendritic Glycerol-Cholesterol Amphiphiles as Drug Delivery Systems: A Comparison between Monomeric and Polymeric Structures. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2452. [PMID: 37896212 PMCID: PMC10610414 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15102452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The application of micelles as drug delivery systems has gained a great deal of attention as a means to overcome the current several drawbacks present in conventional cancer treatments. In this work, we highlight the comparison of polymeric and monomeric amphiphilic systems with a similar hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) in terms of their biocompatibility, aggregation behavior in aqueous solution, and potential in solubilizing hydrophobic compounds. The polymeric system consists of non-ionic polymeric amphiphiles synthesized via sequential RAFT polymerization of polyglycerol first-generation [G1] dendron methacrylate and cholesterol methacrylate to obtain poly(G1-polyglycerol dendron methacrylate)-block-poly(cholesterol methacrylate) (pG1MA-b-pCMA). The monomeric system is a polyglycerol second-generation [G2] dendron end-capped to a cholesterol unit. Both amphiphiles form spherical micellar aggregations in aqueous solution, with differences in size and the morphology in which hydrophobic molecules can be encapsulated. The polymeric and monomeric micelles showed a low critical micelle concentration (CMC) of 0.2 and 17 μg/mL, respectively. The results of our cytotoxicity assays showed that the polymeric system has significantly higher cell viability compared to that of the monomeric amphiphiles. The polymeric micelles were implemented as drug delivery systems by encapsulation of the hydrophobic small molecule doxorubicin, achieving a loading capacity of 4%. In summary, the results of this study reveal that using cholesterol as a building block for polymer synthesis is a promising method of preparation for efficient drug delivery systems while improving the cell viability of monomeric cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ehsan Mohammadifar
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany; (J.F.R.); (S.H.); (M.C.); (M.D.); (K.A.)
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany; (J.F.R.); (S.H.); (M.C.); (M.D.); (K.A.)
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8
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Miller MK, Chapa-Villarreal FA, Oldenkamp HF, Elder MG, Venkataraman AK, Peppas NA. Stimuli-responsive self-assembled polymer nanoparticles for the oral delivery of antibodies. J Control Release 2023; 361:246-259. [PMID: 37524149 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Currently, commercially available antibody therapies must be delivered via parenteral administration. Oral delivery of antibodies could increase patient compliance and improve quality of life, however there is currently no viable system for delivering antibodies orally. In this work, a self-assembled, pH-responsive nanoparticle delivery system was developed to load and deliver antibodies via the oral route. The nanoparticles were synthesized via nanoprecipitation using the pH-responsive copolymers based on poly(methacrylic acid-co-methyl methacrylate)-block-poly(ethylene glycol). The reversibly hydrophobic nature of this polymer allowed it to function as an antibody delivery system via self-assembly. Characteristics of the polymer, including monomer ratios and molecular weight, as well as parameters of the nanoprecipitation process were optimized using Design of Experiments to achieve nanoparticles with desired size, polydispersity, loading efficiency, and release characteristics. Ultimately, the synthesized and optimized nanoparticles exhibited a hydrodynamic size within a range that avoids premature clearance, a low polydispersity index, and high IgG loading efficiency. In in vitro antibody release studies at physiologically relevant pH values, the nanoparticles exhibit promising release profiles. The nanoparticles presented in this work show potential as oral delivery vehicles for therapeutic antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew K Miller
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, 200 E. Dean Keeton St. Stop C0400, Austin, TX 78712, USA; Institute for Biomaterials, Drug Delivery, and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Texas at Austin, 107 W Dean Keeton Street Stop C0800, Austin, TX, USA, 78712
| | - Fabiola A Chapa-Villarreal
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, 200 E. Dean Keeton St. Stop C0400, Austin, TX 78712, USA; Institute for Biomaterials, Drug Delivery, and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Texas at Austin, 107 W Dean Keeton Street Stop C0800, Austin, TX, USA, 78712
| | - Heidi F Oldenkamp
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, 200 E. Dean Keeton St. Stop C0400, Austin, TX 78712, USA; Institute for Biomaterials, Drug Delivery, and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Texas at Austin, 107 W Dean Keeton Street Stop C0800, Austin, TX, USA, 78712
| | - Michael G Elder
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, 200 E. Dean Keeton St. Stop C0400, Austin, TX 78712, USA; Institute for Biomaterials, Drug Delivery, and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Texas at Austin, 107 W Dean Keeton Street Stop C0800, Austin, TX, USA, 78712
| | - Abhijeet K Venkataraman
- Institute for Biomaterials, Drug Delivery, and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Texas at Austin, 107 W Dean Keeton Street Stop C0800, Austin, TX, USA, 78712; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 107 W Dean Keeton Street Stop C0800, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Nicholas A Peppas
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, 200 E. Dean Keeton St. Stop C0400, Austin, TX 78712, USA; Institute for Biomaterials, Drug Delivery, and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Texas at Austin, 107 W Dean Keeton Street Stop C0800, Austin, TX, USA, 78712; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 107 W Dean Keeton Street Stop C0800, Austin, TX 78712, USA; Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, 2409 University Ave. Stop A1900, Austin, TX 78712, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Dell Medical School, 1400 Barbara Jordan Blvd., Austin, TX 78723, USA; Department of Surgery and Perioperative Care, Dell Medical School, 1601 Trinity St., Bldg. B, Stop Z0800, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
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9
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Metze FK, Filipucci I, Klok HA. Supramolecular Polymer Brushes Grown by Surface-Initiated Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization from Cucurbit[7]uril-based Non-Covalent Initiators. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202305930. [PMID: 37395306 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202305930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Polymer brushes are densely grafted, chain end-tethered assemblies of polymers that can be produced via surface-initiated polymerization. Typically, this is accomplished using initiators or chain transfer agents that are covalently attached to the substrate. This manuscript reports an alternative route towards polymer brushes, which involves the use of non-covalent cucurbit[7]uril-adamantane host-guest interactions to surface-immobilize initiators for atom transfer radical polymerization. These non-covalent initiators can be used for the surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization of a variety of water-soluble methacrylate monomers to generate supramolecular polymer brushes with film thicknesses of more than 100 nm. The non-covalent nature of the initiator also allows facile access to patterned polymer brushes, which can be produced in straightforward fashion by drop-casting a solution of the initiator-modified guest molecules onto a substrate that presents the cucurbit[7]uril host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike K Metze
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères, Bâtiment MXD, Station12, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Irene Filipucci
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères, Bâtiment MXD, Station12, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Harm-Anton Klok
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères, Bâtiment MXD, Station12, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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10
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Clothier GKK, Guimarães TR, Thompson SW, Rho JY, Perrier S, Moad G, Zetterlund PB. Multiblock copolymer synthesis via RAFT emulsion polymerization. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:3438-3469. [PMID: 37093560 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00115b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
A multiblock copolymer is a polymer of a specific structure that consists of multiple covalently linked segments, each comprising a different monomer type. The control of the monomer sequence has often been described as the "holy grail" of synthetic polymer chemistry, with the ultimate goal being synthetic access to polymers of a "perfect" structure, where each monomeric building block is placed at a desired position along the polymer chain. Given that polymer properties are intimately linked to the microstructure and monomer distribution along the constituent chains, it goes without saying that there exist seemingly endless opportunities in terms of fine-tuning the properties of such materials by careful consideration of the length of each block, the number and order of blocks, and the inclusion of monomers with specific functional groups. The area of multiblock copolymer synthesis remains relatively unexplored, in particular with regard to structure-property relationships, and there are currently significant opportunities for the design and synthesis of advanced materials. The present review focuses on the synthesis of multiblock copolymers via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization implemented as aqueous emulsion polymerization. RAFT emulsion polymerization offers intriguing opportunities not only for the advanced synthesis of multiblock copolymers, but also provides access to polymeric nanoparticles of specific morphologies. Precise multiblock copolymer synthesis coupled with self-assembly offers material morphology control on length scales ranging from a few nanometers to a micrometer. It is imperative that polymer chemists interact with physicists and material scientists to maximize the impact of these materials of the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn K K Clothier
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Thiago R Guimarães
- MACROARC, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane City, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Steven W Thompson
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Julia Y Rho
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Sébastien Perrier
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Graeme Moad
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Bag 10, Clayton South, VIC 3169, Australia
| | - Per B Zetterlund
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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11
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Ge H, Shi W, He C, Feng A, Thang SH. Star-Shaped Thermoplastic Elastomers Prepared via RAFT Polymerization. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15092002. [PMID: 37177150 PMCID: PMC10180775 DOI: 10.3390/polym15092002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Styrene-based thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) demonstrate excellent overall performance and account for the largest industrial output. The traditional methods of preparation styrene-based thermoplastic elastomers mainly focused on anionic polymerization, and strict equipment conditions were required. In recent years, controlled/living radical polymerization (CRP) has developed rapidly, enabling the synthesis of polymers with various complex topologies while controlling their molecular weight. Herein, a series of core crosslinked star-shaped poly(styrene-b-isoprene-b-styrene)s (SISs) was synthesized for the first time via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. Meanwhile, linear triblock SISs with a similar molecular weight were synthesized as a control. We achieved not only the controlled/living radical polymerization of isoprene but also investigated the factors influencing the star-forming process. By testing the mechanical and thermal properties and characterizing the microscopic fractional phase structure, we found that both the linear and star-shaped SISs possessed good tensile properties and a certain phase separation structure, demonstrating the characteristics of thermoplastic elastomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Center of Advanced Elastomer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Wencheng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Center of Advanced Elastomer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Chen He
- Aerospace Research Institute of Materials & Processing Technology, Beijing 100076, China
| | - Anchao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Center of Advanced Elastomer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - San H Thang
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
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12
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Shape-Shifting Thermoresponsive Block Copolymer Nano-Objects. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 634:906-920. [PMID: 36566636 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.12.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In this Feature Article, we review our recent progress in the design of shape-shifting thermoresponsive diblock copolymer nano-objects, which are prepared using various hydroxyl-functional (meth)acrylic monomers (e.g. 2‑hydroxypropyl methacrylate, 4‑hydroxybutyl acrylate or hydroxybutyl methacrylate) to generate the thermoresponsive block. Unlike traditional thermoresponsive polymers such as poly(N-isopropylacrylamide), there is no transition between soluble and insoluble polymer chains in aqueous solution. Instead, thermally driven transitions between a series of copolymer morphologies (e.g. spheres, worms, vesicles or lamellae) occur on adjusting the aqueous solution temperature owing to a subtle change in the partial degree of hydration of the permanently insoluble thermoresponsive block. Such remarkable self-assembly behavior is unprecedented in colloid science: no other amphiphilic diblock copolymer or surfactant system undergoes such behavior at a fixed chemical composition and concentration. Such shape-shifting nano-objects are characterized by transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, small-angle X-ray scattering, rheology and variable temperature 1H NMR spectroscopy. Potential applications for this fascinating new class of amphiphiles are briefly considered.
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13
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Metze FK, Klok HA. Supramolecular Polymer Brushes. ACS POLYMERS AU 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acspolymersau.2c00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Friederike K. Metze
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Bâtiment MXD, Station 12, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Harm-Anton Klok
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Bâtiment MXD, Station 12, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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14
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Hughes RW, Lott ME, Bowman JI, Sumerlin BS. Excitation Dependence in Photoiniferter Polymerization. ACS Macro Lett 2023; 12:14-19. [PMID: 36533885 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.2c00683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We report on a fundamental feature of photoiniferter polymerizations mediated with trithiocarbonates and xanthates. The polymerizations were found to be highly dependent on the activated electronic excitation of the iniferter. Enhanced rates of polymerization and greater control over molecular weights were observed for trithiocarbonate- and xanthate-mediated photoiniferter polymerizations when the n → π* transition of the iniferter was targeted compared to the polymerizations activating the π → π* transition. The disparities in rates of polymerization were attributed to the increased rate of C-S photolysis which was confirmed using model trapping studies. This study provides valuable insight into the role of electronic excitations in photoiniferter polymerization and provides guidance when selecting irradiation conditions for applications where light sensitivity is important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhys W Hughes
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Megan E Lott
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Jared I Bowman
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Brent S Sumerlin
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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15
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Ikkene D, Six JL, Ferji K. Progress in Aqueous Dispersion RAFT PISA. Eur Polym J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2023.111848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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16
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Kisel KS, Baigildin VA, Solomatina AI, Gostev AI, Sivtsov EV, Shakirova JR, Tunik SP. Rhenium(I) Block Copolymers Based on Polyvinylpyrrolidone: A Successful Strategy to Water-Solubility and Biocompatibility. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28010348. [PMID: 36615546 PMCID: PMC9822124 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A series of diphosphine Re(I) complexes Re1-Re4 have been designed via decoration of the archetypal core {Re(CO)2(N^N)} through the installations of the phosphines P0 and P1 bearing the terminal double bond, where N^N = 2,2'-bipyridine (N^N1), 4,4'-di-tert-butyl-2,2'-bipyridine (N^N2) or 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline (N^N3) and P0 = diphenylvinylphosphine, and P1 = 4-(diphenylphosphino)styrene. These complexes were copolymerized with the corresponding N-vinylpyrrolidone-based Macro-RAFT agents of different polymer chain lengths to give water-soluble copolymers of low-molecular p(VP-l-Re) and high-molecular p(VP-h-Re) block-copolymers containing rhenium complexes. Compounds Re1-Re4, as well as the copolymers p(VP-l-Re) and p(VP-h-Re), demonstrate phosphorescence from a 3MLCT excited state typical for this type of chromophores. The copolymers p(VP-l-Re#) and p(VP-h-Re#) display weak sensitivity to molecular oxygen in aqueous and buffered media, which becomes almost negligible in the model physiological media. In cell experiments with CHO-K1 cell line, p(VP-l-Re2) and p(VP-h-Re2) displayed significantly reduced toxicity compared to the initial Re2 complex and internalized into cells presumably by endocytic pathways, being eventually accumulated in endosomes. The sensitivity of the copolymers to oxygen examined in CHO-K1 cells via phosphorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (PLIM) proved to be inessential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina S. Kisel
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint-Petersburg State University, Universitetskii pr., 26, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Vadim A. Baigildin
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint-Petersburg State University, Universitetskii pr., 26, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anastasia I. Solomatina
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint-Petersburg State University, Universitetskii pr., 26, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexey I. Gostev
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Saint-Petersburg State Institute of Technology, Technical University, Moskovskiy pr. 26, 190013 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Eugene V. Sivtsov
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Saint-Petersburg State Institute of Technology, Technical University, Moskovskiy pr. 26, 190013 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Julia R. Shakirova
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint-Petersburg State University, Universitetskii pr., 26, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Correspondence: (J.R.S.); (S.P.T.)
| | - Sergey P. Tunik
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint-Petersburg State University, Universitetskii pr., 26, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Correspondence: (J.R.S.); (S.P.T.)
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17
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Skvortsov IY, Maksimov NM, Kuzin MS, Toms RV, Varfolomeeva LA, Chernikova EV, Kulichikhin VG. Influence of Alkyl Acrylate Nature on Rheological Properties of Polyacrylonitrile Terpolymers Solutions, Spinnability and Mechanical Characteristics of Fibers. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 16:ma16010107. [PMID: 36614445 PMCID: PMC9821233 DOI: 10.3390/ma16010107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The influence of alkyl acrylate comonomers in the rank of methyl- (MA), butyl- (BA), ethylhexyl- (EGA), and lauryl- (LA) in ternary copolymers based on acrylonitrile, alkyl acrylate and acrylamide (PAN-alkyl acrylate) on their solutions rheological behavior in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and mechanical properties of the spun fibers have been investigated. To reveal the role of molecular weight, two series of copolymers with molecular weights of ~50 and 150 kg/mol have been studied. It was shown that the nature of the alkyl acrylate does not significantly affect the rheological behavior of their solutions regardless of the length of the alkyl substituent and the content of the alkyl acrylate in copolymers. An exception is the high-molecular PAN-LA, which is characterized by a non-Newtonian behavior at lower concentrations. Two series of fibers were spun from the characterized ranks of low and high-molecular-weight copolymer solutions. For all copolymers, a 2.5-5-fold increase in the strength and elastic modulus of the fiber was found with an increase in Mw. It has been shown that PAN-MA and PAN-LA fibers have a tensile strength of 800 MPa that is 1.5-3 times higher than that of other copolymers spun in the same conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Yu. Skvortsov
- Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis Named after A.V. Topchiev, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Ave., 29, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikita M. Maksimov
- Faculty of Materials Sciences, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory, 1, Building 73, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail S. Kuzin
- Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis Named after A.V. Topchiev, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Ave., 29, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Roman V. Toms
- Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis Named after A.V. Topchiev, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Ave., 29, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies Named after M.V. Lomonosov, MIREA–Russian Technological University, Vernadsky Ave., 86, 119571 Moscow, Russia
| | - Lydia A. Varfolomeeva
- Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis Named after A.V. Topchiev, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Ave., 29, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena V. Chernikova
- Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis Named after A.V. Topchiev, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Ave., 29, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory, 1, Building 3, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Valery G. Kulichikhin
- Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis Named after A.V. Topchiev, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Ave., 29, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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18
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Dou J, Yu S, Reddy O, Zhang Y. Novel ABA block copolymers: preparation, temperature sensitivity, and drug release. RSC Adv 2022; 13:129-139. [PMID: 36605663 PMCID: PMC9764341 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra05831f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A new PEGylated macroiniferter was prepared based on the polycondensation reaction of polyethylene oxide (PEO), methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI), and 1,1,2,2-tetraphenyl-1,2-ethanediol (TPED). The macroiniferter consists of PEO end groups and readily reacts with acrylamides (such as N-isopropylacrylamide, NIPAM) and forms ABA block copolymers (PEO-PNIPAM-PEO). This approach of making amphiphilic ABA block copolymers is robust, versatile, and useful, particularly for the development of polymers for biomedical applications. The resulting amphiphilic PEO-PNIPAM-PEO block copolymers are also temperature sensitive, and their phase transition temperatures are close to human body temperature and therefore they have been applied as drug carriers for cancer treatment. Two PEO-PNIPAM-PEO polymers with different molecular weights were prepared and selected to make temperature-sensitive micelles. As a result of the biocompatibility of these micelles, cell viability tests proved that these micelles have low toxicity toward cancer cells. The resultant polymer micelles were then used as drug carriers to deliver the hydrophobic anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX), and the results showed that they exhibit significantly higher cumulative drug release efficiency at higher temperatures. Moreover, after loading DOX into the micelles, cellular uptake experiments showed easy uptake and cell viability tests showed that DOX-loaded micelles possess a better therapeutic effect than free DOX at the same dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Dou
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, University HeightsNewark 07102NJUSA
| | - Shupei Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, University HeightsNewark 07102NJUSA
| | - Ojasvita Reddy
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, University HeightsNewark 07102NJUSA
| | - Yuanwei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, University HeightsNewark 07102NJUSA
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19
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Annala A, Ilochonwu BC, Wilbie D, Sadeghi A, Hennink WE, Vermonden T. Self-Healing Thermosensitive Hydrogel for Sustained Release of Dexamethasone for Ocular Therapy. ACS POLYMERS AU 2022; 3:118-131. [PMID: 36785837 PMCID: PMC9912331 DOI: 10.1021/acspolymersau.2c00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop an injectable hydrogel delivery system for sustained ocular delivery of dexamethasone. To this end, a self-healing hydrogel consisting of a thermosensitive ABA triblock copolymer was designed. The drug was covalently linked to the polymer by copolymerization of methacrylated dexamethasone with N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) and N-acryloxysuccinimide (NAS) through reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization, using poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) functionalized at both ends with a chain transfer agent (CTA). Hydrogel formation was achieved by mixing aqueous solutions of the formed thermosensitive polymer (with a cloud point of 23 °C) with cystamine at 37 °C, to result in covalent cross-linking due to the reaction of the N-hydroxysuccimide (NHS) functionality of the polymer and the primary amines of cystamine. Rheological analysis showed both thermogelation and covalent cross-linking at 37 °C, as well as the self-healing properties of the formed network, which was attributed to the presence of disulfide bonds in the cystamine cross-links, making the system injectable. The release of dexamethasone from the hydrogel occurred through ester hydrolysis following first-order kinetics in an aqueous medium at pH 7.4 over 430 days at 37 °C. Based on simulations, administration of 100 mg of hydrogel would be sufficient for maintaining therapeutic levels of dexamethasone in the vitreous for at least 500 days. Importantly, dexamethasone was released from the hydrogel in its native form as determined by LC-MS analysis. Cytocompatibility studies showed that at clinically relevant concentrations, both the polymer and the cross-linker were well tolerated by adult retinal pigment epithelium (ARPE-19) cells. Moreover, the hydrogel did not show any toxicity to ARPE-19 cells. The injectability of the hydrogel, together with the long-lasting release of dexamethasone and good cytocompatibility with a retinal cell line, makes this delivery system an attractive candidate for treatment of ocular inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ada Annala
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty
of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CG, The Netherlands
| | - Blessing C. Ilochonwu
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty
of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CG, The Netherlands
| | - Danny Wilbie
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty
of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CG, The Netherlands
| | - Amir Sadeghi
- School
of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70210, Finland
| | - Wim E. Hennink
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty
of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CG, The Netherlands
| | - Tina Vermonden
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty
of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CG, The Netherlands,
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20
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Chan DHH, Hunter SJ, Neal TJ, Lindsay C, Taylor P, Armes SP. Adsorption of sterically-stabilized diblock copolymer nanoparticles at the oil-water interface: effect of charged end-groups on interfacial rheology. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:6757-6770. [PMID: 36040127 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00835a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The RAFT aqueous emulsion polymerization of either methyl methacrylate (MMA) or benzyl methacrylate (BzMA) is conducted at 70 °C using poly(glycerol monomethacrylate) (PGMA) as a water-soluble precursor to produce sterically-stabilized diblock copolymer nanoparticles of approximately 30 nm diameter. Carboxylic acid- or morpholine-functional RAFT agents are employed to confer anionic or cationic functionality at the ends of the PGMA stabilizer chains, with a neutral RAFT agent being used as a control. Thus the electrophoretic footprint of such minimally-charged model nanoparticles can be adjusted simply by varying the solution pH. Giant (mm-sized) aqueous droplets containing such nanoparticles are then grown within a continuous phase of n-dodecane and a series of interfacial rheology measurements are conducted. The interfacial tension between the aqueous phase and n-dodecane is strongly dependent on the charge of the terminal group on the stabilizer chains. More specifically, neutral nanoparticles produce a significantly lower interfacial tension than either cationic or anionic nanoparticles. Moreover, adsorption of neutral nanoparticles at the n-dodecane-water interface produces higher interfacial elastic moduli than that observed for charged nanoparticles. This is because neutral nanoparticles can adsorb at much higher surface packing densities owing to the absence of electrostatic repulsive forces in this case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek H H Chan
- Dainton Building, Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S3 7HF, UK.
| | - Saul J Hunter
- Dainton Building, Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S3 7HF, UK.
| | - Thomas J Neal
- Dainton Building, Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S3 7HF, UK.
| | - Christopher Lindsay
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire, RG42 6EY, UK.
| | - Philip Taylor
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire, RG42 6EY, UK.
| | - Steven P Armes
- Dainton Building, Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S3 7HF, UK.
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21
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Fang H, Guymon CA. Thermo-mechanical properties of urethane acrylate networks modulated by RAFT mediated photopolymerization. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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22
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Uyar Z, Ekmen O, Kalkan A, Arslan U, Durgun M, Degirmenci M. Synthesis of novel photoreactive bis(dithiocarbonate) type xanthates as chain transfer agents and their use in MADIX polymerization of styrene. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-021-03873-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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23
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McBride RJ, Miller JF, Blanazs A, Hähnle HJ, Armes SP. Synthesis of High Molecular Weight Water-Soluble Polymers as Low-Viscosity Latex Particles by RAFT Aqueous Dispersion Polymerization in Highly Salty Media. Macromolecules 2022; 55:7380-7391. [PMID: 36118598 PMCID: PMC9476848 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
We report the synthesis of sterically-stabilized diblock
copolymer
particles at 20% w/w solids via reversible addition–fragmentation
chain transfer (RAFT) aqueous dispersion polymerization of N,N′-dimethylacrylamide (DMAC) in
highly salty media (2.0 M (NH4)2SO4). This is achieved by selecting a well-known zwitterionic water-soluble
polymer, poly(2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl phosphorylcholine) (PMPC),
to act as the salt-tolerant soluble precursor block. A relatively
high degree of polymerization (DP) can be targeted for the salt-insoluble
PDMAC block, which leads to the formation of a turbid free-flowing
dispersion of PDMAC-core particles by a steric stabilization mechanism. 1H NMR spectroscopy studies indicate that relatively high DMAC
conversions (>99%) can be achieved within a few hours at 30 °C.
Aqueous GPC analysis indicates high blocking efficiencies and unimodal
molecular weight distributions, although dispersities increase monotonically
as higher degrees of polymerization (DPs) are targeted for the PDMAC
block. Particle characterization techniques include dynamic light
scattering (DLS) and electrophoretic light scattering (ELS) using
a state-of-the-art instrument that enables accurate ζ potential
measurements in a concentrated salt solution. 1H NMR spectroscopy
studies confirm that dilution of the as-synthesized dispersions using
deionized water lowers the background salt concentration and hence
causes in situ molecular dissolution of the salt-intolerant PDMAC
chains, which leads to a substantial thickening effect and the formation
of transparent gels. Thus, this new polymerization-induced self-assembly
(PISA) formulation enables high molecular weight water-soluble polymers
to be prepared in a highly convenient, low-viscosity form. In principle,
such aqueous PISA formulations are highly attractive: there are various
commercial applications for high molecular weight water-soluble polymers,
while the well-known negative aspects of using a RAFT agent (i.e.,
its cost, color, and malodor) are minimized when targeting such high
DPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rory J. McBride
- Chemistry Department, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K
| | - John F. Miller
- Enlighten Scientific LLC, Hillsborough, North Carolina 27278, United States
| | - Adam Blanazs
- BASF SE, RAM/OB - B001, Carl-Bosch-Strasse 38, 67056 Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Hähnle
- BASF SE, RAM/OB - B001, Carl-Bosch-Strasse 38, 67056 Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| | - Steven P. Armes
- Chemistry Department, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K
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24
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Neal TJ, Penfold NJW, Armes SP. Reverse Sequence Polymerization‐Induced Self‐Assembly in Aqueous Media. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202207376. [PMID: 35678548 PMCID: PMC9541501 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202207376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We report a new aqueous polymerization‐induced self‐assembly (PISA) formulation that enables the hydrophobic block to be prepared first when targeting diblock copolymer nano‐objects. This counter‐intuitive reverse sequence approach uses an ionic reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) agent for the RAFT aqueous dispersion polymerization of 2‐hydroxypropyl methacrylate (HPMA) to produce charge‐stabilized latex particles. Chain extension using a water‐soluble methacrylic, acrylic or acrylamide comonomer then produces sterically stabilized diblock copolymer nanoparticles in an aqueous one‐pot formulation. In each case, the monomer diffuses into the PHPMA particles, which act as the locus for the polymerization. A remarkable change in morphology occurs as the ≈600 nm latex is converted into much smaller sterically stabilized diblock copolymer nanoparticles, which exhibit thermoresponsive behavior. Such reverse sequence PISA formulations enable the efficient synthesis of new functional diblock copolymer nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J. Neal
- Department or Chemistry The University of Sheffield Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF UK
| | - Nicholas J. W. Penfold
- Department or Chemistry The University of Sheffield Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF UK
| | - Steven P. Armes
- Department or Chemistry The University of Sheffield Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF UK
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25
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Thalji MR, Ibrahim AA, Chong KF, Soldatov AV, Ali GAM. Glycopolymer-Based Materials: Synthesis, Properties, and Biosensing Applications. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2022; 380:45. [PMID: 35951265 PMCID: PMC9366760 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-022-00395-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Glycopolymer materials have emerged as a significant biopolymer class that has piqued the scientific community's attention due to their potential applications. Recently, they have been found to be a unique synthetic biomaterial; glycopolymer materials have also been used for various applications, including direct therapeutic methods, medical adhesives, drug/gene delivery systems, and biosensor applications. Therefore, for the next stage of biomaterial research, it is essential to understand current breakthroughs in glycopolymer-based materials research. This review discusses the most widely utilized synthetic methodologies for glycopolymer-based materials, their properties based on structure–function interactions, and the significance of these materials in biosensing applications, among other topics. When creating glycopolymer materials, contemporary polymerization methods allow precise control over molecular weight, molecular weight distribution, chemical activity, and polymer architecture. This review concludes with a discussion of the challenges and complexities of glycopolymer-based biosensors, in addition to their potential applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad R Thalji
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Gyeongbuk, South Korea
| | - Amal Amin Ibrahim
- Polymers and pigments department, Chemical industries research institute, National Research Centre, El-Bohouth St, Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| | - Kwok Feng Chong
- Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Gambang, 26300, Kuantan, Malaysia
| | - Alexander V Soldatov
- The Smart Materials Research Institute, Southern Federal University, Sladkova Str. 178/24, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation
| | - Gomaa A M Ali
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, 71524, Egypt.
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26
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Neal TJ, Penfold NJW, Armes SP. Reverse Sequence Polymerization‐Induced Self‐Assembly in Aqueous Media. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202207376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J. Neal
- Department or Chemistry The University of Sheffield Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF UK
| | - Nicholas J. W. Penfold
- Department or Chemistry The University of Sheffield Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF UK
| | - Steven P. Armes
- Department or Chemistry The University of Sheffield Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF UK
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27
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Sivtsov EV, Krygina DM, Gostev AI. Controlled Synthesis of (Co)polymers of NH-Unsubstituted 5-Vinyltetrazole and N-Vinyl Succinimide. RUSS J APPL CHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070427222060064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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28
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Hill L, Sims H, Nguyen N, Collins C, Palmer J, Wasson F. A Degradable Difunctional Initiator for ATRP That Responds to Hydrogen Peroxide. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14091733. [PMID: 35566902 PMCID: PMC9099818 DOI: 10.3390/polym14091733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Mid-chain degradable polymers can be prepared by atom transfer radical polymerization from difunctional initiators that include triggers for the desired stimuli. While many difunctional initiators can respond to reducing conditions, procedures to prepare difunctional initiators that respond to oxidizing conditions are significantly less available in the literature. Here, a difunctional initiator incorporating an oxidizable boronic ester trigger was synthesized over four steps using simple and scalable procedures. Methyl methacrylate was polymerized by atom transfer radical polymerization using this initiator, and the polymerization kinetics were consistent with a controlled polymerization. The polymer synthesized using the difunctional initiator was found to decrease in molecular weight by 58% in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, while a control experiment using poly(methyl methacrylate) without a degradable linkage showed a much smaller decrease in molecular weight of only 9%. These observed molecular weight decreases were consistent with cleavage of the difunctional initiator via a quinone methide shift and hydrolysis of the methyl ester pendent groups in both polymers, and both polymers increased in polydispersity after oxidative degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence Hill
- Department of Chemistry, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY 42101, USA; (H.S.); (N.N.); (C.C.); (J.P.); (F.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-270-745-2136
| | - Hunter Sims
- Department of Chemistry, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY 42101, USA; (H.S.); (N.N.); (C.C.); (J.P.); (F.W.)
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Ngoc Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY 42101, USA; (H.S.); (N.N.); (C.C.); (J.P.); (F.W.)
| | - Christopher Collins
- Department of Chemistry, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY 42101, USA; (H.S.); (N.N.); (C.C.); (J.P.); (F.W.)
| | - Jeffery Palmer
- Department of Chemistry, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY 42101, USA; (H.S.); (N.N.); (C.C.); (J.P.); (F.W.)
| | - Fiona Wasson
- Department of Chemistry, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY 42101, USA; (H.S.); (N.N.); (C.C.); (J.P.); (F.W.)
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
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29
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Dallerba E, Hartnell D, Hackett MJ, Massi M, Lowe AB. Well‐defined Tetrazole‐functional Copolymers as Macromolecular Ligands for Luminescent Ir(III) and Re(I) Metal Species: Synthesis, Photophysical Properties and Application in Bioimaging. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202200021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Dallerba
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences Curtin University Bentley Perth WA 6102 Australia
| | - David Hartnell
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences Curtin University Bentley Perth WA 6102 Australia
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute (CHIRI) Curtin University Bentley Perth WA 6102 Australia
| | - Mark J. Hackett
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences Curtin University Bentley Perth WA 6102 Australia
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute (CHIRI) Curtin University Bentley Perth WA 6102 Australia
| | - Massimiliano Massi
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences Curtin University Bentley Perth WA 6102 Australia
| | - Andrew B. Lowe
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences Curtin University Bentley Perth WA 6102 Australia
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30
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Hunter SJ, Penfold NJW, Jones ER, Zinn T, Mykhaylyk OO, Armes SP. Synthesis of Thermoresponsive Diblock Copolymer Nano-Objects via RAFT Aqueous Emulsion Polymerization of Hydroxybutyl Methacrylate. Macromolecules 2022; 55:3051-3062. [PMID: 35492576 PMCID: PMC9047412 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Saul J. Hunter
- Dainton Building, Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Nicholas J. W. Penfold
- Dainton Building, Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K
| | | | - Thomas Zinn
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Oleksandr O. Mykhaylyk
- Dainton Building, Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Steven P. Armes
- Dainton Building, Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K
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31
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Tenorio-López JA, Benvenuta-Tapia JJ, García-Navarro N, Vivaldo-Lima E, Champagne P, Saldívar-Guerra E. Mathematical Description of the RAFT Copolymerization of Styrene and Glycidyl Methacrylate Using the Terminal Model. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14071448. [PMID: 35406321 PMCID: PMC9003474 DOI: 10.3390/polym14071448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A mathematical model for the kinetics, composition and molar mass development of the bulk reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) copolymerization of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) and styrene (St), at several GMA molar feed fractions at 103 °C, in the presence of 2-cyano isopropyl dodecyl trithiocarbonate as the RAFT agent and 1,1′-azobis(cyclohexane carbonitrile), as the initiator, is presented. The copolymerization proceeded in a controlled manner and dispersities of the copolymers remained narrow even at high conversions. Experimental data and calculated profiles of conversion versus time, composition versus conversion and molar mass development for the RAFT copolymerization of St and GMA agreed well for all conditions tested, including high-conversion regions. The kinetic rate constants associated with the RAFT- related reactions and diffusion-controlled parameters were properly estimated using a weighted nonlinear multivariable regression procedure. The mathematical model developed in this study may be used as an aid in the design and upscaling of industrial RAFT polymerization processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Alfredo Tenorio-López
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Veracruzana (UV), Coatzacoalcos 96535, Mexico; (J.A.T.-L.); (N.G.-N.)
| | - Juan José Benvenuta-Tapia
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Veracruzana (UV), Coatzacoalcos 96535, Mexico; (J.A.T.-L.); (N.G.-N.)
- Correspondence: (J.J.B.-T.); (E.V.-L.); (E.S.-G.)
| | - Norma García-Navarro
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Veracruzana (UV), Coatzacoalcos 96535, Mexico; (J.A.T.-L.); (N.G.-N.)
| | - Eduardo Vivaldo-Lima
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
- Correspondence: (J.J.B.-T.); (E.V.-L.); (E.S.-G.)
| | - Pascale Champagne
- Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L3N6, Canada;
| | - Enrique Saldívar-Guerra
- Polymer Synthesis Department, Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada (CIQA), Saltillo 25294, Mexico
- Correspondence: (J.J.B.-T.); (E.V.-L.); (E.S.-G.)
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33
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Zanata DDM, Felisberti MI. Thermo- and pH-responsive POEGMA-b-PDMAEMA-b-POEGMA triblock copolymers. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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34
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Investigation of the water barrier properties of graft copolymer latex films of acrylate and poly(dimethylsiloxane) macromonomers synthesized by RAFT miniemulsion polymerization. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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35
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Kitajima H, Ida S, Bhowmik S, Yusa SI, Kanaoka S. pH-responsive aggregation control of multiarm star polymers depending on the ionic segment sequence of arm polymers. Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-022-00621-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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36
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Cumming J, Deane OJ, Armes SP. Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer Aqueous Dispersion Polymerization of 4-Hydroxybutyl Acrylate Produces Highly Thermoresponsive Diblock Copolymer Nano-Objects. Macromolecules 2022; 55:788-798. [PMID: 35431331 PMCID: PMC9007527 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) aqueous dispersion polymerization of 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate (HPMA) using a poly(glycerol monomethacrylate) (PGMA) precursor is an important prototypical example of polymerization-induced self-assembly. 4-Hydroxybutyl acrylate (HBA) is a structural isomer of HPMA, but the former monomer exhibits appreciably higher aqueous solubility. For the two corresponding homopolymers, PHBA is more weakly hydrophobic than PHPMA. Moreover, PHBA has a significantly lower glass transition temperature (T g) so it exhibits much higher chain mobility than PHPMA at around ambient temperature. In view of these striking differences, we have examined the RAFT aqueous dispersion polymerization of HBA using a PGMA precursor with the aim of producing a series of PGMA57-300-PHBA100-1580 diblock copolymer nano-objects by systematic variation of the mean degree of polymerization of each block. A pseudo-phase diagram is constructed using transmission electron microscopy to assign the copolymer morphology after employing glutaraldehyde to cross-link the PHBA chains and hence prevent film formation during grid preparation. The thermoresponsive character of the as-synthesized linear nano-objects is explored using dynamic light scattering and temperature-dependent rheological measurements. Comparison with the analogous PGMA x -PHPMA y formulation is made where appropriate. In particular, we demonstrate that replacing the structure-directing PHPMA block with PHBA leads to significantly greater thermoresponsive behavior over a much wider range of diblock copolymer compositions. Given that PGMA-PHPMA worm gels can induce stasis in human stem cells (see Canton et al., ACS Central Science, 2016, 2, 65-74), our findings are likely to have implications for the design of next-generation PGMA-PHBA worm gels for cell biology applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana
M. Cumming
- Dainton Building, Department
of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South
Yorkshire S3 7HF, UK
| | - Oliver J. Deane
- Dainton Building, Department
of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South
Yorkshire S3 7HF, UK
| | - Steven P. Armes
- Dainton Building, Department
of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South
Yorkshire S3 7HF, UK
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37
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Rohland P, Schröter E, Nolte O, Newkome GR, Hager MD, Schubert US. Redox-active polymers: The magic key towards energy storage – a polymer design guideline progress in polymer science. Prog Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2021.101474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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38
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Kavaliauskaite M, Steponaviciute M, Kievisaite J, Katelnikovas A, Klimkevicius V. Synthesis and Study of Thermoresponsive Amphiphilic Copolymers via RAFT Polymerization. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:229. [PMID: 35054636 PMCID: PMC8777995 DOI: 10.3390/polym14020229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthesis and study of well-defined thermoresponsive amphiphilic copolymers with various compositions were reported. Kinetics of the reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) (co)polymerization of styrene (St) and oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (PEO5MEMA) was studied by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and 1H NMR spectroscopy, which allows calculating not only (co)polymerization parameters but also gives valuable information on RAFT (co)polymerization kinetics, process control, and chain propagation. Molecular weight Mn and dispersity Đ of the copolymers were determined by SEC with triple detection. The detailed investigation of styrene and PEO5MEMA (co)polymerization showed that both monomers prefer cross-polymerization due to their low reactivity ratios (r1 < 1, r2 < 1); therefore, the distribution of monomeric units across the copolymer chain of p(St-co-PEO5MEMA) with various compositions is almost ideally statistical or azeotropic. The thermoresponsive properties of p(St-co-PEO5MEMA) copolymers in aqueous solutions as a function of different hydrophilic/hydrophobic substituent ratios were evaluated by measuring the changes in hydrodynamic parameters under applied temperature using the dynamic light scattering method (DLS).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Vaidas Klimkevicius
- Institute of Chemistry, Vilnius University, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania; (M.K.); (M.S.); (J.K.); (A.K.)
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39
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Tilottama B, Manojkumar K, Haribabu PM, Vijayakrishna K. A short review on RAFT polymerization of less activated monomers. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2021.2024076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Baisakhi Tilottama
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Kasina Manojkumar
- Dolcera Information Technology Services Pvt Ltd, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - P. M. Haribabu
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Kari Vijayakrishna
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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40
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Zeitler SM, Chakma P, Golder MR. Diaryliodonium Salts Facilitate Metal-Free Mechanoredox Free Radical Polymerizations. Chem Sci 2022; 13:4131-4138. [PMID: 35440983 PMCID: PMC8985515 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc00313a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanically-induced redox processes offer a promising alternative to more conventional thermal and photochemical synthetic methods. For macromolecule synthesis, current methods utilize sensitive transition metal additives and suffer from background reactivity....
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Zeitler
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Engineering & Science Institute, University of Washington 36 Bagley Hall Seattle WA 98195 USA
| | - Progyateg Chakma
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Engineering & Science Institute, University of Washington 36 Bagley Hall Seattle WA 98195 USA
| | - Matthew R Golder
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Engineering & Science Institute, University of Washington 36 Bagley Hall Seattle WA 98195 USA
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41
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Hakobyan K, Xu J, Müllner M. The challenges of controlling polymer synthesis at the molecular and macromolecular level. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01581h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this Perspective, we outline advances and challenges in controlling the structure of polymers at various size regimes in the context of structural features such as molecular weight distribution, end groups, architecture, composition and sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Hakobyan
- Key Centre for Polymers and Colloids, School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute (Sydney Nano), Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Jiangtao Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Markus Müllner
- Key Centre for Polymers and Colloids, School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- The University of Sydney Nano Institute (Sydney Nano), Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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42
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Ma N, Liu J, Liu B, Li L, Kong J, Zhang X. Coenzyme-catalyzed electroinitiated reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer polymerization for ultrasensitive electrochemical DNA detection. Talanta 2022; 236:122840. [PMID: 34635230 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Ultrasensitive detection of biomarkers at an early stage is generally limited by external influence factors such as high reaction temperature, complex operations, and sophisticated instruments. Here, we circumvent these problems by using nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) to control electroinitiated reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (electro-RAFT) polymerization for biosensing that enables the detection of a few molecules of target DNA. In this coenzyme-catalyzed electro-RAFT polymerization, numerous ferrocenylmethyl methacrylate (FCMMA) as monomer with electrochemistry signal were linked to the biomarker on Au electrode. Afterwards, a strong oxidation peak appears at the potential of about 0.3 V that represents a typical oxidation potential of FCMMA. The sensitivity of this methodology was presented by detecting DNA from 10-1 to 104 fM concentration and detection limit (LOD) being down to 4.39 aM in 10 μL samples. This is lower by factors than detection limits of most other ultra-sensitive electrochemical DNA assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Ma
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210094, PR China
| | - Jingliang Liu
- School of Environmental Science, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing, 211171, PR China
| | - Bang Liu
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210094, PR China
| | - Lianzhi Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, PR China
| | - Jinming Kong
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210094, PR China.
| | - Xueji Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, PR China
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43
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Chen ZH, Wang XY, Tang Y. Reversible complexation mediated polymerization: an emerging type of organocatalytically controlled radical polymerization. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00120a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Reversible complexation mediated polymerization (RCMP) was developed as a new class of controlled radical polymerization (CRP) using organic catalysts. In particular, photo-RCMP is among the simplest, cheapest, and most robust photoinduced CRPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
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44
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Penfold NJW, Neal TJ, Plait C, Leigh AE, Chimonides G, Smallridge MJ, Armes SP. Reverse sequence polymerization-induced self-assembly in aqueous media: a counter-intuitive approach to sterically-stabilized diblock copolymer nano-objects. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py01064j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A 500 nm charge-stabilized latex is converted into 40 nm sterically-stabilized nanoparticles via reverse sequence polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J. W. Penfold
- Dainton Building, Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S3 7HF, UK
| | - Thomas J. Neal
- Dainton Building, Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S3 7HF, UK
| | - Corentin Plait
- Dainton Building, Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S3 7HF, UK
| | - Andrew E. Leigh
- Dainton Building, Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S3 7HF, UK
| | - Gwen Chimonides
- Dainton Building, Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S3 7HF, UK
| | | | - Steven P. Armes
- Dainton Building, Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S3 7HF, UK
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45
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Ida S, Okuno T, Morimura M, Suzuki K, Takeshita H, Oyama M, Nakajima K, Kanaoka S. Structure–property correlation of crosslinked domain hydrogels exhibiting thermoresponsive mechanical toughening and hybridization with photoluminescent carbon dots. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00423b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A smart gel material exhibiting a simultaneous change in mechanical properties and photoluminescence is developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Ida
- Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Shiga Prefecture, 2500 Hassaka, Hikone, Shiga 522-8533, Japan
| | - Takahiro Okuno
- Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Shiga Prefecture, 2500 Hassaka, Hikone, Shiga 522-8533, Japan
| | - Miki Morimura
- Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Shiga Prefecture, 2500 Hassaka, Hikone, Shiga 522-8533, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Suzuki
- Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Shiga Prefecture, 2500 Hassaka, Hikone, Shiga 522-8533, Japan
| | - Hiroki Takeshita
- Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Shiga Prefecture, 2500 Hassaka, Hikone, Shiga 522-8533, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Oyama
- Industrial Research Center of Shiga Prefecture, 232 Kamitoyama, Ritto, Shiga 520-3004, Japan
| | - Keiji Nakajima
- Industrial Research Center of Shiga Prefecture, 232 Kamitoyama, Ritto, Shiga 520-3004, Japan
| | - Shokyoku Kanaoka
- Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Shiga Prefecture, 2500 Hassaka, Hikone, Shiga 522-8533, Japan
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46
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Alsubaie FM, Alothman OY, Fouad H, Mourad AHI. ABC-Type Triblock Copolyacrylamides via Copper-Mediated Reversible Deactivation Radical Polymerization. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 14:116. [PMID: 35012138 PMCID: PMC8747352 DOI: 10.3390/polym14010116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aqueous Cu(0)-mediated reversible deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP) of triblock copolymers with two block sequences at 0.0 °C is reported herein. Well-defined triblock copolymers initiated from PHEAA or PDMA, containing (A) 2-hydroxyethyl acrylamide (HEAA), (B) N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) and (C) N, N-dimethylacrylamide (DMA), were synthesized. The ultrafast one-pot synthesis of sequence-controlled triblock copolymers via iterative sequential monomer addition after full conversion, without any purification steps throughout the monomer additions, was performed. The narrow dispersities of the triblock copolymers proved the high degree of end-group fidelity of the starting macroinitiator and the absence of any significant undesirable side reactions. Controlled chain length and extremely narrow molecular weight distributions (dispersity ~1.10) were achieved, and quantitative conversion was attained in as little as 52 min. The full disproportionation of CuBr in the presence of Me6TREN in water prior to both monomer and initiator addition was crucially exploited to produce a well-defined ABC-type triblock copolymer. In addition, the undesirable side reaction that could influence the living nature of the system was investigated. The ability to incorporate several functional monomers without affecting the living nature of the polymerization proves the versatility of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fehaid M. Alsubaie
- National Center for Chemical Catalysis Technology, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Othman Y. Alothman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan Fouad
- Applied Medical Science Department, Community College, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia;
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Helwan University, Cairo 11792, Egypt
| | - Abdel-Hamid I. Mourad
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, College of Engineering, United Arab Emirate University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates;
- National Water and Energy Centre, United Arab Emirate University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
- Mechanical Design Department, Faculty of Engineering, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt
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Lee T, Dirlam PT, Njardarson JT, Glass RS, Pyun J. Polymerizations with Elemental Sulfur: From Petroleum Refining to Polymeric Materials. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 144:5-22. [PMID: 34936350 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c09329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The production of elemental sulfur from petroleum refining has created a technological opportunity to increase the valorization of elemental sulfur by the synthesis of high-performance sulfur-based plastics with improved optical, electrochemical, and mechanical properties aimed at applications in thermal imaging, energy storage, self-healable materials, and separation science. In this Perspective, we discuss efforts in the past decade that have revived this area of organosulfur and polymer chemistry to afford a new class of high-sulfur-content polymers prepared from the polymerization of liquid sulfur with unsaturated monomers, termed inverse vulcanization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taeheon Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Philip T Dirlam
- Department of Chemistry, San José State University, San Jose, California 95195-0101, United States
| | - Jon T Njardarson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Richard S Glass
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Jeffrey Pyun
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
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48
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Oishi E, Takamura M, Takahashi T. Removal of Trithiocarbonyl End Group of RAFT-Polymerized Poly(stearyl acrylate) and Effect of the End Group on Thermal and Structural Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13234169. [PMID: 34883670 PMCID: PMC8659507 DOI: 10.3390/polym13234169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of a long alkyl end group on the thermal and structural properties of RAFT (reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer)-polymerized poly(stearyl acrylate) (PSA) was investigated. RAFT-polymerized PSA was prepared using 2-cyano-2-[(dodecylsulfanylthiocarbonyl) sulfanyl] propane (CDTP) with long alkyl group as a chain transfer agent and azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as an initiator. The RAFT polymerization resulted in the polymerized structure having trithiocarbonyl (TTC) at one end and isobutyronitrile at the other end. RAFT-polymerized PSA was prepared with two different molecular weights. The TTC end group was replaced by isobutyronitrile using radical reaction with AIBN through optimization of the conditions, which resulted in isobutyronitrile at both ends. The effect of the end group on the thermal and structural properties was investigated using differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction, and the results indicated that the long alkyl group from TTC lowers the melting point and semi-crystalline structure in the case of low molecular weight PSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eri Oishi
- Department of Organic Materials Science, Graduated School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa 992-8510, Yamagata, Japan;
| | - Masumi Takamura
- Open Innovation Platform, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa 992-8510, Yamagata, Japan;
| | - Tatsuhiro Takahashi
- Department of Organic Materials Science, Graduated School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa 992-8510, Yamagata, Japan;
- Correspondence:
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49
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Chen C, Richter F, Zhang J, Guerrero-Sanchez C, Traeger A, Schubert US, Feng A, Thang SH. Synthesis of functional miktoarm star polymers in an automated parallel synthesizer. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Yuan B, Huang T, Wang X, Ding Y, Jiang L, Zhang Y, Tang J. Oxygen-Tolerant RAFT Polymerization Catalyzed by a Recyclable Biomimetic Mineralization Enhanced Biological Cascade System. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 43:e2100559. [PMID: 34713523 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
An enzyme cascade system including glucose oxidase (GOx) and iron porphyrin (DhHP-6) is encapsulated in a metal-organic framework called zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) through one-step facile synthesis. The composite (GOx&DhHP-6@ZIF-8) is then used to initiate oxygen-tolerant reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer polymerization for different methacrylate monomers, such as 2-diethylaminoethyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, and poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (Mn = 500 g mol-1 ). The composite shows the robustness toward solvent and temperatures, all polymerizations using above monomers and catalyzing by GOx&DhHP-6@ZIF-8 exhibits high monomer conversion (>85%) and narrow molar mass dispersity (<1.3). Besides, acrylic and acrylamide monomers such as 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate and N,N-dimethylacrylamide are also carried to demonstrate the broad applicability. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance characterization and chain extension experiments confirm the retaining end groups of the resultant polymers, which is a significant feature of living polymerization. More importantly, the process of recycling the composite through a centrifuge is simplistic, and the composite still maintains similar activity compared to the original composites after five times. This low-cost and easily separated composite catalyst represents a versatile strategy to synthesize well-defined functional polymers suitable for industrial-scale production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolei Yuan
- Department of Polymer Science, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Tingting Huang
- Department of Polymer Science, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Xinghuo Wang
- Department of Polymer Science, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Yi Ding
- Department of Polymer Science, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Lin Jiang
- Department of Polymer Science, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Yunhe Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.,Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Jun Tang
- Department of Polymer Science, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
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