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Microwave-Assisted Synthesis: Can Transition Metal Complexes Take Advantage of This “Green” Method? Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134249. [PMID: 35807493 PMCID: PMC9267986 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Microwave-assisted synthesis is considered environmental-friendly and, therefore, in agreement with the principles of green chemistry. This form of energy has been employed extensively and successfully in organic synthesis also in the case of metal-catalyzed synthetic procedures. However, it has been less widely exploited in the synthesis of metal complexes. As microwave irradiation has been proving its utility as both a time-saving procedure and an alternative way to carry on tricky transformations, its use can help inorganic chemists, too. This review focuses on the use of microwave irradiation in the preparation of transition metal complexes and organometallic compounds and also includes new, unpublished results. The syntheses of the compounds are described following the group of the periodic table to which the contained metal belongs. A general overview of the results from over 150 papers points out that microwaves can be a useful synthetic tool for inorganic chemists, reducing dramatically the reaction times with respect to traditional heating. This is often accompanied by a more limited risk of decomposition of reagents or products by an increase in yield, purity, and (sometimes) selectivity. In any case, thermal control is operative, whereas nonthermal or specific microwave effects seem to be absent.
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Arene Ru(II) Complexes Acted as Potential KRAS G-Quadruplex DNA Stabilizer Induced DNA Damage Mediated Apoptosis to Inhibit Breast Cancer Progress. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27103046. [PMID: 35630522 PMCID: PMC9146995 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A series of arene Ru(II) complexes, [(η6-MeC6H5)Ru(L)Cl]Cl, (L=o-ClPIP, 1; m-ClPIP, 2 and p-ClPIP, 3) (o-ClPIP=2-(2-chlorophenyl)imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline; m-ClPIP=2-(3-chlorophenyl)imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline; p-ClPIP=2-(4-chlorophenyl)imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline) was synthesized and investigated as a potential apoptosis inducer in chemotherapy. Spectroscopy and molecular docking simulations show that 1 exhibits moderated binding affinity to KRAS G-quadruplex DNA by groove mode. Further, in vitro studies reveal that 1 displays inhibitory activity against MCF-7 growth with IC50 = 3.7 ± 0.2 μM. Flow cytometric analysis, comet assay, and immunofluorescence confirm that 1 can induce the apoptosis of MCF-7 cells and G0/G1 phase arrest through DNA damage. In summary, the prepared arene Ru(II) complexes can be developed as a promising candidate for targeting G-quadruplex structure to induce the apoptosis of breast cancer cells via binding and stabilizing KRAS G-quadruplex conformation on oncogene promoter.
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Guan S, Pan T, Zhang Y, Zeng Z, Mu L, Zhu D, Chang B, Zheng K, Qian J, Xie Q, Mei W, Tang W, Bai M. Synthesis, DNA-binding, and antitumor activity of polypyridyl-ruthenium(II) complexes [Ru(L)2(DClPIP)] (L = bpy, phen; DClPIP = 2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1, 10]phenanthroline). J COORD CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2019.1630614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shouhai Guan
- Department of Vascular Interventional Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Pan
- Department of Vascular Interventional Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanyang Zhang
- Department of Vascular Interventional Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaolin Zeng
- Department of Vascular Interventional Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Luwen Mu
- Department of Vascular Interventional Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Duo Zhu
- Department of Vascular Interventional Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Boyang Chang
- Department of Vascular Interventional Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kangdi Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiesheng Qian
- Department of Vascular Interventional Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Xie
- Department of Vascular Interventional Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjie Mei
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjie Tang
- Department of Vascular Interventional Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingjun Bai
- Department of Vascular Interventional Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Bai M, Pan T, Yu G, Xie Q, Zeng Z, Zhang Y, Zhu D, Mu L, Qian J, Chang B, Mei WJ, Guan S. Chiral ruthenium(II) complex Δ-[Ru(bpy) 2(o-FMPIP)] (bpy = bipyridine, o-FMPIP = 2-(2'-trifluoromethyphenyl) imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline) as potential apoptosis inducer via DNA damage. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 853:49-55. [PMID: 30880177 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Chiral ruthenium(II) complexes have long been considered as potential anticancer agents. Herein, in vivo inhibitory activity of a chiral ruthenium(II) complex coordinated by ligand 2-(2'-trifluoromethyphenyl) imidazo [4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline, Δ-[Ru(bpy)2(o-FMPIP)] (D0402) on Kunming(KM) mice bearing tumor (H22 hepatic cancer) has been evaluated, and the results showed that the tumor weight of mice treated with 0.22 mg/(kg·day) D0402 via i.v. administration for 7 days decreased about 31.79% compared to the control group, while the body weight, as well as the thymus, spleen, liver, lung, and kidney indices of mice treated with D0402 observed almost no loss compared to the control group. Furthermore, the mechanism studies on anti-angiogenic showed that D0402 could inhibit the formation of angiogenesis in the transgenic Tg(fli1a: EGFP) zebrafish. After treated with D0402, the sub-intestinal vessels(SIVs) of the zebrafish became disordered and chaotic, and was dosage dependent. Moreover, the TUNEL analysis and comet assays revealed that D0402 can induce apoptosis of HepG2 cell through DNA damage, and this was further demonstrated by immunofluorescence analysis with the number of γ-H2AX increased following the increasing amount of D0402. Besides, in vivo toxicity of D0402 has also been investigated on the development of zebrafish embryo, and the results showed that there were no death or development delay occurred for zebrafish embryo treated with D0402 up to concentration of 60 μM. All in together, this study suggested that D0402 can be developed as a potential inhibitor against liver cancer through co-junction of anti-angiogenesis and apoptosis-inducing via DNA damage in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjun Bai
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Tao Pan
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Gengnan Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qiang Xie
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China.
| | - Zhaolin Zeng
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Yanyang Zhang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Duo Zhu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Luwen Mu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Jiesheng Qian
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Boyang Chang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Wen-Jie Mei
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Province Engineering Technology Centre for Molecular Probe and Biomedicine Imaging, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Shouhai Guan
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China.
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Liang SY, Chen YX, Zeng YC, Wu Q, Qiu F, Wei XY, Li L, Mei WJ, Zheng WJ. The DNA-binding behavior and DFT calculation of ruthenium(II) complexes [Ru(phen)2L](ClO4)2 (L = HMOPIP and MOHPIP). J COORD CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2017.1411593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Yu Liang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Xin Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, School of Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong-Chang Zeng
- First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fanghua Qiu
- Department of hospital infection control, Guangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin-Yu Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Li
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Jie Mei
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Province Engineering Technology Center for Molecular Probes & Biomedical Imaging, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Jie Zheng
- School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Cao J, Wu Q, Zheng W, Li L, Mei W. Microwave-assisted synthesis of polypyridyl ruthenium(ii) complexes as potential tumor-targeting inhibitors against the migration and invasion of Hela cells through G2/M phase arrest. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra00658f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The polypyridyl ruthenium(ii) complexes 4 was identified as a potential inhibitor against the migration and invasion of Hela cells, which could selectively accumulate in tumors tissue and induce G2/M phase arrest in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieqiong Cao
- College of Pharmacy
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Wenjie Zheng
- College of Pharmacy
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou
- China
- Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station
| | - Li Li
- School of Pharmacy
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Wenjie Mei
- School of Pharmacy
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou
- China
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Wang C, Wu Q, Zeng Y, Huang D, Yu C, Wang X, Mei W. Synthesis, characterization and DNA-binding properties of Ru(II) complexes coordinated by ofloxacin as potential antitumor agents. J COORD CHEM 2015; 68:1489-1499. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2015.1020797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chengxi Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongchang Zeng
- Shenzhen Institute of Gerontology, Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dongwei Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuqin Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xicheng Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjie Mei
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
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Zhang Z, Wang YJ, Wu Q, Wu XH, Sun FQ, Wang BG, Mei WJ, Chen SD. Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Ruthenium(II) Complexes with Trimethylsilylacetylene as Inhibitors against the Migration of Breast Cancer Cells. Aust J Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1071/ch14192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, two novel chiral ruthenium(ii) complexes with trimethylsilylacetylene (TMSA), Λ- and Δ-[Ru(bpy)2(p-TEPIP)](ClO4)2 (bpy = 2,2-bipyridine; p-TEPIP = 5-(2-(p-trimethylsilyl propargyl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10] phenanthroline) (Λ-1 and Δ-1) were prepared using Sonogashira coupling reaction under microwave irradiation. We found that both Λ-1 and Δ-1 could inhibit the growth of highly metastatic human breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231) with half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 32.1 and 36.9 µM, respectively. Wound healing assay demonstrated that both isomers inhibited the migration of MDA-MB-231 cells. Both Λ-1 and Δ-1 compounds were found throughout the cell and were particularly enriched in the nucleus. Furthermore, we observed fragmentation of the nucleus leading to apoptosis. To conclude, it is clear that this type of chiral ruthenium(ii) complex with TMSA can induce apoptosis and thus inhibit the growth and migration of tumour cells.
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