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Yao Y, Xia L, Yang L, Liu R, Zhang S. Drought responses and carbon allocation strategies of poplar with different leaf maturity. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14224. [PMID: 38389291 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Leaf characteristics can reflect the adaptation of trees to drought stress. However, the effect of leaf maturity on drought stress has been neglected, leading to uncertainty in inferring individual tree responses to drought from leaves. The allocation strategy of photosynthetic carbon between leaf organs (fully expanded young and old leaves) under drought stress remains unclear. Poplar is a diverse and widespread tree species in arid and semi-arid regions. Here, three poplar genotypes (Populus cathayana, P. × euramericana 'Nanlin 895', and P. alba × P. tremula var. glandulosa) were selected and exposed to different watering regimes. The responses and carbon allocation strategies of leaves with different maturity to drought were investigated using a combination of leaf traits and 13 C pulse labelling technique. The results showed that (1) fully expanded young leaves had better osmotic regulation and antioxidant capacity than aged leaves under drought stress. (2) Aged leaves acted as a carbon source during water deficit, where their photosynthetic products were transferred and supplied to upper young leaves to promote stronger photosynthesis in young leaves to acquire resources for tree growth. This study highlights that the effect of leaf maturity should be considered in the future when investigating the effects of drought on woody plants, especially for continuously growing tree species. Therefore, our study not only demonstrates the existence of leaf-age-dependent responses to drought in poplar but also provides new insights into carbon allocation at the leaf level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yao
- Key Laboratory for Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Linchao Xia
- Key Laboratory for Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Le Yang
- Key Laboratory for Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruixuan Liu
- Key Laboratory for Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Bidel LPR, Meyer S, Talhouët AC, Baudin X, Daniel C, Cazals G, Streb P. Epidermal UVA screening capacity measured in situ as an indicator of light acclimation state of leaves of a very plastic alpine plant Soldanella alpina L. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 151:10-20. [PMID: 32179468 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Soldanella alpina differing in leaf epidermal UV-A absorbance (DEA375), as measured with the Dualex, was investigated as a model alpine plant for the flavonoid (Flav) composition and concentration and for anatomical and pigment characteristics. In sun leaves, twenty-three flavones were characterised by their mass formula, their maximum absorption, their glycosylation, their methylation and dehydroxylation pattern. The flavones belonged to four subfamilies (tetra-hydroxy-flavones, penta-hydroxy-flavones, penta-hydroxy-methyl-flavones and tri-hydroxy-di-methoxy-flavones), abundant in sun and shade leaves. Their concentration was estimated by their absorption at 350 nm after HPLC separation. Sun leaves contained relatively higher contents of penta-hydroxy-methyl-flavones and shade leaves higher contents of tetra-hydroxy-flavones. The flavones were present mainly in vacuoles, all over the leaf. After shade-sun transfer, the content of most flavones increased, irrespective of the presence or absence of UV radiation. Highly significant correlations with the log-transformed DEA375 suggest that DEA375 can be readily applied to predict the flavone content of S. alpina leaves. Shade-sun transfer of leaves decreased the hydroxycinnamic acid (HCA) content, the mass-based chlorophyll (Chl) a+b content and the Chl/Carotenoid (Car) ratio but increased DEA375, and the Car content. Together with previously reported anatomical characteristics all these parameters correlated significantly with the DEA375. The Flav content is therefore correlated to most of the structural characteristics of leaf acclimation to light and this can be probed in situ by DEA375.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc P R Bidel
- AGAP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France.
| | - Sylvie Meyer
- Laboratoire Ecologie Systématique et Evolution, Université Paris-Sud, UMR-CNRS 8079, Bât 362, F-91405, Orsay, France; Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75475, Paris, France.
| | - Anne-Claire Talhouët
- Laboratoire Ecologie Systématique et Evolution, Université Paris-Sud, UMR-CNRS 8079, Bât 362, F-91405, Orsay, France.
| | - Xavier Baudin
- Plate-forme de recherche ImagoSeine, Institut Jacques Monod, UMR 7592 CNRS, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot-Paris7, Bât. Buffon, F-75013, Paris, France.
| | - Caroline Daniel
- Laboratoire Ecologie Systématique et Evolution, Université Paris-Sud, UMR-CNRS 8079, Bât 362, F-91405, Orsay, France.
| | - Guillaume Cazals
- Laboratoire de Mesures Physiques, Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, Université de Montpellier, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
| | - Peter Streb
- Laboratoire Ecologie Systématique et Evolution, Université Paris-Sud, UMR-CNRS 8079, Bât 362, F-91405, Orsay, France.
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Estimating Plant Nitrogen Concentration of Maize Using a Leaf Fluorescence Sensor across Growth Stages. REMOTE SENSING 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/rs12071139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is one of the most essential nutrients that can significantly affect crop grain yield and quality. The implementation of proximal and remote sensing technologies in precision agriculture has provided new opportunities for non-destructive and real-time diagnosis of crop N status and precision N management. Notably, leaf fluorescence sensors have shown high potential in the accurate estimation of plant N status. However, most studies using leaf fluorescence sensors have mainly focused on the estimation of leaf N concentration (LNC) rather than plant N concentration (PNC). The objectives of this study were to (1) determine the relationship of maize (Zea mays L.) LNC and PNC, (2) evaluate the main factors influencing the variations of leaf fluorescence sensor parameters, and (3) establish a general model to estimate PNC directly across growth stages. A leaf fluorescence sensor, Dualex 4, was used to test maize leaves with three different positions across four growth stages in two fields with different soil types, planting densities, and N application rates in Northeast China in 2016 and 2017. The results indicated that the total leaf N concentration (TLNC) and PNC had a strong correlation (R2 = 0.91 to 0.98) with the single leaf N concentration (SLNC). The TLNC and PNC were affected by maize growth stage and N application rate but not the soil type. When used in combination with the days after sowing (DAS) parameter, modified Dualex 4 indices showed strong relationships with TLNC and PNC across growth stages. Both modified chlorophyll concentration (mChl) and modified N balance index (mNBI) were reliable predictors of PNC. Good results could be achieved by using information obtained only from the newly fully expanded leaves before the tasseling stage (VT) and the leaves above panicle at the VT stage to estimate PNC. It is concluded that when used together with DAS, the leaf fluorescence sensor (Dualex 4) can be used to reliably estimate maize PNC across growth stages.
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Samson G, Cerovic ZG, El Rouby WMA, Millet P. Oxidation of polyphenols and inhibition of photosystem II under acute photooxidative stress. PLANTA 2019; 251:16. [PMID: 31776771 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-019-03316-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We observed a close correlation between the inhibition of photosystem II and the oxidation of polyphenols during an acute oxidative stress in sunflower leaf discs. To assess the physiological significance of polyphenols as antioxidants in planta, we compared the kinetics of polyphenols oxidation with the inhibition of the photosynthetic apparatus in sunflower leaf discs exposed to an acute photooxidative stress. Illumination of leaf discs in the presence of methyl viologen induced a rapid and large non-photochemical quenching of chlorophyll-a fluorescence, which was reversed after 4 h of treatment as indicated by the ≈ 30% increases of the steady-state (Fs) and maximal (Fm') levels of chlorophyll-a fluorescence relative to the first hour of treatment. This event coincided with the accelerated decreases of the maximum (Fv/Fm) and effective (∆F/Fm') quantum yields of photosystem II, and also with the beginning of polyphenols oxidation, estimated by the UV absorbance of methanolic leaf extracts, and supported by the Folin-Ciocalteu method and cyclic voltammetry. The decreases of Fv/Fm and the concentrations of reducing polyphenols were highly correlated (R2 = 0.877) during the experiment. Coherent with the decrease of UV absorbance of methanolic extracts, polyphenol oxidation resulted in a marked decrease of UV absorbance of leaf epidermis. Also, polymerization of oxidized polyphenols caused the accumulation of brown pigments in the MV-treated leaf discs, decreasing leaf reflectance, especially at 550 and 740 nm. Fluorescence intensities were also decreased during the MV treatment. Interestingly, the emission fluorescence ratio F740/F684 (excitation at 550 nm) decreased similarly to Fv/Fm (R2 = 0.981) due to the brown pigments. Moreover, the excitation fluorescence ratio F484/F680 (emission at 740 nm) was linearly correlated (R2 = 0.957) to ∆F/Fm', indicating a decrease of efficiency of energy transfer between the antenna pigments to the photosystem II reaction center during the oxidative stress. These results support the view that polyphenols can be effective antioxidants protecting the plants against reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Samson
- Groupe de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Département des sciences de l'environnement, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, C.P. 500, Trois-Rivières, QC, G9A 5H7, Canada.
| | - Zoran G Cerovic
- Écologie, Systématique et Évolution, UMR 8079, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 91400, Orsay, France
| | - Waleed M A El Rouby
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, UMR 8182, Université Paris-Sud, Bâtiment 410, Rue du Doyen Georges Poitou, 91400, Orsay cedex, France
- Materials Science and Nanotechnology Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Science (PSAS), Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt
| | - Pierre Millet
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, UMR 8182, Université Paris-Sud, Bâtiment 410, Rue du Doyen Georges Poitou, 91400, Orsay cedex, France
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Estimating 3D Chlorophyll Content Distribution of Trees Using an Image Fusion Method Between 2D Camera and 3D Portable Scanning Lidar. REMOTE SENSING 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/rs11182134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
An image fusion method has been proposed for plant images taken using a two-dimensional (2D) camera and three-dimensional (3D) portable lidar for obtaining a 3D distribution of physiological and biochemical plant properties. In this method, a 2D multispectral camera with five bands (475–840 nm) and a 3D high-resolution portable scanning lidar were applied to three sets of sample trees. After producing vegetation index (VI) images from multispectral images, 3D point cloud lidar data were projected onto the 2D plane based on perspective projection, keeping the depth information of each of the lidar points. The VI images were 2D registered to the lidar projected image based on the projective transformation and VI 3D point cloud images were reconstructed based on the depth information. Based on the relationship between the VI values and chlorophyll contents taken by a soil and plant analysis development (SPAD)-502 plus chlorophyll meter, 3D distribution images of the chlorophyll contents were produced. Similarly, a thermal 3D image for a sample was also produced. The resultant chlorophyll distribution images offered vertical and horizontal distributions, and those for each orientation for each sample, showing the spatial variability of the distribution and the difference between the samples.
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Cerovic ZG, Ghozlen NB, Milhade C, Obert M, Debuisson S, Le Moigne M. Nondestructive diagnostic test for nitrogen nutrition of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) based on dualex leaf-clip measurements in the field. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:3669-80. [PMID: 25801210 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b00304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Crop nitrogen status is a major issue for crop yield and quality. It is usually assessed by destructive leaf or petiole tissue analysis. A quantitative nondestructive optical estimation of N sufficiency would be a great leap forward toward precision crop management. We therefore calibrated three optical indices against leaf nitrogen content: chlorophyll (Chl), epidermal flavonols, and the nitrogen balance index (NBI), which is the ratio of the former two indices. NBI was the best estimator of leaf N content measured by the Dumas or Kjeldahl method with a root-mean-square error smaller than 2 mg of N g(-1) dry weight, followed by Chl (3 mg g(-1)) and flavonols (4 mg g(-1)). This allowed us to propose the threshold values for the Dualex optical indices that characterize nitrogen supply to grapevines: the first is the threshold below which N supply to the vine can be considered deficient, and the second is the threshold above which N supply is excessive. For a putative optimal N content of 30 mg g(-1) < x < 40 mg g(-1), these thresholds are 30 μg cm(-2) < x < 40 μg cm(-2) for Chl and 11 < x < 18 for NBI at flowering. At bunch closure, for N thresholds of 22 < x < 32, Chl is 29 < x < 37 and NBI is 8 < x < 11, in respective units. These values should be verified and refined in the future for various growth regions and cultivars using the specified protocol. The sample size should be 36-60 leaves from a fixed node position, preferably node no. 5 from the tip of the shoot. An alternative to the use of the NBI would be to discard leaves that are not light exposed by checking their flavonol content and to deduce the N sufficiency directly from the Chl values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoran G Cerovic
- †Laboratoire Écologie Systématique et Évolution, Université Paris-Sud, UMR 8079 CNRS, Bâtiment 362, F-91405 Orsay, France
- ‡AgroParisTech, F-75231 Paris, France
| | | | | | - Mickaël Obert
- ∥Château Gazin, Chemin de Chantecaille, F-33500 Pomerol, France
| | - Sébastien Debuisson
- ⊥Comité Interprofessionnel du Vin de Champagne (CIVC), 5 rue Henri-Martin, boîte postale 135, F-51200 Epernay, France
| | - Marine Le Moigne
- §FORCE-A, Université Paris-Sud, Bâtiment 503, F-91405 Orsay, France
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Rothman JM, Chapman CA, Struhsaker TT, Raubenheimer D, Twinomugisha D, Waterman PG. Long-term declines in nutritional quality of tropical leaves. Ecology 2015; 96:873-8. [DOI: 10.1890/14-0391.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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