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Pérez-Zavala FG, Ojeda-Rivera JO, Herrera-Estrella L, López-Arredondo D. Beneficial Effects of Phosphite in Arabidopsis thaliana Mediated by Activation of ABA, SA, and JA Biosynthesis and Signaling Pathways. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1873. [PMID: 38999712 PMCID: PMC11244317 DOI: 10.3390/plants13131873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Phosphite (Phi) has gained attention in agriculture due to its biostimulant effect on crops. This molecule has been found to benefit plant performance by providing protection against pathogens, improving yield and fruit quality as well as nutrient and water use efficiency. It is still unclear how Phi enhances plant growth and protects against multiple stresses. It has been hypothesized that Phi acts by directly affecting the pathogens and interacting with the plant cellular components and molecular machinery to elicit defense responses. This study elucidates the mechanisms underlying Phi's beneficial effects on plants, revealing their complex interplay with fundamental signaling pathways. An RNA-seq study of Arabidopsis seedlings under optimal and limiting phosphate conditions helped us unveil Phi's role in promoting plant growth by activating the expression of the genes involved in the biosynthesis and signaling pathways associated with abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic acid (SA), and jasmonic acid (JA). The expression of ABA-related genes, known for their involvement in stress response and development regulation, is triggered by Phi treatment, contributing to enhanced resilience and growth. Simultaneously, the activation of the SA pathway, associated with defense responses, suggests Phi's potential in bolstering plant immunity. Moreover, Phi influences JA biosynthesis and signaling, which are crucial for defense against herbivores and pathogens, thereby strengthening plants' defenses. Our findings reveal a multifaceted mechanism through which Phi benefits Arabidopsis development. Understanding its intricate interplay with key signaling pathways opens avenues for leveraging Phi as a strategic tool to enhance plant resilience, immunity, and growth in agricultural and ecological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Gabriel Pérez-Zavala
- Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (F.G.P.-Z.); (J.O.O.-R.); (L.H.-E.)
| | - Jonathan Odilón Ojeda-Rivera
- Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (F.G.P.-Z.); (J.O.O.-R.); (L.H.-E.)
| | - Luis Herrera-Estrella
- Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (F.G.P.-Z.); (J.O.O.-R.); (L.H.-E.)
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada/Langebio, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Irapuato 36821, Mexico
| | - Damar López-Arredondo
- Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (F.G.P.-Z.); (J.O.O.-R.); (L.H.-E.)
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Shi L, Zhang K, Xie L, Yang M, Xie B, He S, Liu Z. The Pepper Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase CaMAPK7 Acts as a Positive Regulator in Response to Ralstonia solanacearum Infection. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:664926. [PMID: 34295316 PMCID: PMC8290481 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.664926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways play a vital role in multiple plant processes, including growth, development, and stress signaling, but their involvement in response to Ralstonia solanacearum is poorly understood, particularly in pepper plants. Herein, CaMAPK7 was identified from the pepper genome and functionally analyzed. The accumulations of CaMAPK7 transcripts and promoter activities were both significantly induced in response to R. solanacearum strain FJC100301 infection, and exogenously applied phytohormones, including methyl jasmonate (MeJA), brassinolide (BR), salicylic acid (SA), and ethephon (ETN), were decreased by abscisic acid (ABA) treatment. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) of CaMAPK7 significantly enhanced the susceptibility of pepper plants to infection by R. solanacearum and downregulated the defense-related marker genes, including CaDEF1, CaPO2, CaSAR82A, and CaWRKY40. In contrast, the ectopic overexpression of CaMAPK7 in transgenic tobacco enhanced resistance to R. solanacearum and upregulated the defense-associated marker genes, including NtHSR201, NtHSR203, NtPR4, PR1a/c, NtPR1b, NtCAT1, and NtACC. Furthermore, transient overexpression of CaMAPK7 in pepper leaves triggered intensive hypersensitive response (HR)-like cell death, H2O2 accumulation, and enriched CaWRKY40 at the promoters of its target genes and drove their transcript accumulations, including CaDEF1, CaPO2, and CaSAR82A. Taken together, these data indicate that R. solanacearum infection induced the expression of CaMAPK7, which indirectly modifies the binding of CaWRKY40 to its downstream targets, including CaDEF1, CaPO2, and CaSAR82A, ultimately leading to the activation of pepper immunity against R. solanacearum. The protein that responds to CaMAPK7 in pepper plants should be isolated in the future to build a signaling bridge between CaMAPK7 and CaWRKY40.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanping Shi
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Kan Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Linjing Xie
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Mingxing Yang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Baixue Xie
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shuilin He
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhiqin Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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Mohammadi MA, Cheng Y, Aslam M, Jakada BH, Wai MH, Ye K, He X, Luo T, Ye L, Dong C, Hu B, Priyadarshani SVGN, Wang-Pruski G, Qin Y. ROS and Oxidative Response Systems in Plants Under Biotic and Abiotic Stresses: Revisiting the Crucial Role of Phosphite Triggered Plants Defense Response. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:631318. [PMID: 34276579 PMCID: PMC8281016 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.631318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphite (Phi) is a chemical analog of orthophosphate [HPO4 3-]. It is a systemic pesticide generally known to control the prevalence of oomycetes and soil-borne diseases such as Phytophthora, Pythium, and Plasmopora species. Phi can also control disease symptoms and the spread of pathogenic bacteria, fungi, and nematodes. Phi plays critical roles as a fungicide, pesticide, fertilizer, or biostimulator. Overall, Phi can alleviate the severity of the disease caused by oomycete, fungi, pathogenic bacteria, and nematodes (leave, stem, fruit, tuber, and root) in various plants (vegetables, fruits, crops, root/tuber crops, ornamental plants, and forests). Advance research in molecular, physiological, and biochemical approaches has approved the key role of Phi in enhancing crop growth, quantity, and quality of several plant species. Phi is chemically similar to orthophosphate, and inside the cells, it is likely to get involved in different features of phosphate metabolism in both plants and pathogens. In plants, a range of physiobiochemical alterations are induced by plant pathogen stress, which causes lowered photosynthesis activities, enzymatic activities, increased accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and modification in a large group of genes. To date, several attempts have been made to study plant-pathogen interactions with the intent to minimize the loss of crop productivity. Phi's emerging function as a biostimulant in plants has boost plant yield and tolerance against various stress factors. This review discusses Phi-mediated biostimulant effects against biotic and abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Aqa Mohammadi
- Joint FAFU-Dalhousie Lab, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Life Sciences, Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Lab of Sugarcane Biology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Alberoni University, Kohistan, Afghanistan
| | - Yan Cheng
- Joint FAFU-Dalhousie Lab, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Mohammad Aslam
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Life Sciences, Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Lab of Sugarcane Biology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Bello Hassan Jakada
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Life Sciences, Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Myat Hnin Wai
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Life Sciences, Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Kangzhuo Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Life Sciences, Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxue He
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Life Sciences, Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Tiantian Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Life Sciences, Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Li Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Life Sciences, Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chunxing Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Life Sciences, Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Bin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Life Sciences, Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - S. V. G. N. Priyadarshani
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Life Sciences, Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- National Education Commission, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Gefu Wang-Pruski
- Joint FAFU-Dalhousie Lab, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, Canada
| | - Yuan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Life Sciences, Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Lab of Sugarcane Biology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
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Dann E, McLeod A. Phosphonic acid: a long-standing and versatile crop protectant. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:2197-2208. [PMID: 33099862 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Phosphonic acid-based fungicides, also referred to as phosphonates, have been used extensively as crop protectants in horticulture since the late 1970s, and more recently in native ecosystems and forestry. Discovering that phosphonates are effective against foliar and soilborne oomycete diseases, such as those caused by species of Phytophthora, Pythium and Plasmopara, was a significant breakthrough, especially for soilborne pathogens that are notoriously difficult to manage. Phosphonates have played an important role in protection of forests and sensitive natural ecosystems, under threat from these pathogens. Since introduction, their increased application in management of non-oomycete diseases, along with other functionalities, demonstrates their versatility in agriculture and more broadly. Continued use of phosphonic acid crop protectants will be underpinned by demonstrated efficacy and safety, and a better understanding of specific interactions within the plant, pathogen and environment. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Dann
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Adéle McLeod
- Department of Plant Pathology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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5
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Han X, Xi Y, Zhang Z, Mohammadi MA, Joshi J, Borza T, Wang-Pruski G. Effects of phosphite as a plant biostimulant on metabolism and stress response for better plant performance in Solanum tuberosum. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 210:111873. [PMID: 33418157 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Food availability represents a major worldwide concern due to population growth, increased demand, and climate change. Therefore, it is imperative to identify compounds that can improve crop performance. Plant biostimulants have gained prominence because of their potentials to increase germination, productivity and quality of a wide range of horticultural and agronomic crops. Phosphite (Phi), an analog of orthophosphate, is an emerging biostimulant used in horticulture and agronomy. The aim of this study was to uncover the molecular mechanisms through which Phi acts as a biostimulant with potential effects of overall plant growth. Field and greenhouse experiments, using 4 potato cultivars, showed that following Phi applications, plant performance, including several physio-biochemical traits, crop productivity, and quality traits, were significantly improved. RNA sequencing of control and Phi-treated plants of cultivar Xingjia No. 2, at 0 h, 6 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h and 96 h after the Phi application for 24 h revealed extensive changes in the gene expression profiles. A total of 2856 differentially expressed genes were identified, suggesting that multiple pathways of primary and secondary metabolism, such as flavonoids biosynthesis, starch and sucrose metabolism, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, were strongly influenced by foliar applications of Phi. GO (Gene Ontology) and KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) enrichment analyses associated with defense responses revealed significant effects of Phi on a plethora of defense mechanisms. These results suggest that Phi acted as a biostimulant by priming the plants, that was, by triggering dynamic changes in gene expression and modulating metabolic fluxes in a way that allowed plants to perform better. Therefore, Phi usage has the potential to improve crop yield and health, alleviating the challenges posed by the need of feeding a growing world population, while minimizing the agricultural impact on human health and environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Han
- Joint FAFU-Dalhousie Lab, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yupei Xi
- Joint FAFU-Dalhousie Lab, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zhizhong Zhang
- Joint FAFU-Dalhousie Lab, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Mohammad Aqa Mohammadi
- Joint FAFU-Dalhousie Lab, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jyoti Joshi
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada
| | - Tudor Borza
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada
| | - Gefu Wang-Pruski
- Joint FAFU-Dalhousie Lab, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada.
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Camisón Á, Martín MÁ, Sánchez-Bel P, Flors V, Alcaide F, Morcuende D, Pinto G, Solla A. Hormone and secondary metabolite profiling in chestnut during susceptible and resistant interactions with Phytophthora cinnamomi. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 241:153030. [PMID: 31493717 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2019.153030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Phytophthora cinnamomi (Pc) is a dangerous pathogen that causes root rot (ink disease) and threatens the production of chestnuts worldwide. Despite all the advances recently reported at molecular and physiological level, there are still gaps of knowledge that would help to unveil the defence mechanisms behind plant-Pc interactions. Bearing this in mind we quantified constitutive and Pc-induced stress-related signals (hormones and metabolites) complemented with changes in photosynthetic related parameters by exploring susceptible and resistant Castanea spp.-Pc interactions. In a greenhouse experiment, five days before and nine days after inoculation with Pc, leaves and fine roots from susceptible C. sativa and resistant C. sativa × C. crenata clonal 2-year-old plantlets were sampled (clones Cs14 and 111-1, respectively). In the resistant clone, stomatal conductance (gs) and net photosynthesis (A) decreased significantly and soluble sugars in leaves increased, while in the susceptible clone gs and A remained unchanged and proline levels in leaves increased. In the resistant clone, higher constitutive content of root SA and foliar ABA, JA and JA-Ile as compared to the susceptible clone were observed. Total phenolics and condensed tannins were highest in roots of the susceptible clone. In response to infection, a dynamic hormonal response in the resistant clone was observed, consisting of accumulation of JA, JA-Ile and ABA in roots and depletion of total phenolics in leaves. However, in the susceptible clone only JA diminished in leaves and increased in roots. Constitutive and Pc-induced levels of JA-Ile were only detectable in the resistant clone. From the hormonal profiles obtained in leaves and roots before and after infection, it is concluded that the lack of effective hormonal changes in C. sativa explains the lack of defence responses to Pc of this susceptible species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Camisón
- Institute for Dehesa Research (INDEHESA), Ingeniería Forestal y del Medio Natural, Universidad de Extremadura, Avenida Virgen del Puerto 2, 10600, Plasencia, Spain
| | - M Ángela Martín
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica y de Montes, Universidad de Córdoba, Carretera Nacional IV Km 396, 14014, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Paloma Sánchez-Bel
- Escuela Superior de Tecnología y Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad Jaume I, Avenida Vicent Sos Baynat s/n, 12071, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Víctor Flors
- Escuela Superior de Tecnología y Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad Jaume I, Avenida Vicent Sos Baynat s/n, 12071, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Francisco Alcaide
- Institute for Dehesa Research (INDEHESA), Ingeniería Forestal y del Medio Natural, Universidad de Extremadura, Avenida Virgen del Puerto 2, 10600, Plasencia, Spain
| | - David Morcuende
- IPROCAR Research Institute, TECAL Research Group, University of Extremadura, Avenida de las Ciencias s/n, 10003, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Glória Pinto
- Department of Biology, Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitario de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Alejandro Solla
- Institute for Dehesa Research (INDEHESA), Ingeniería Forestal y del Medio Natural, Universidad de Extremadura, Avenida Virgen del Puerto 2, 10600, Plasencia, Spain.
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García-Gaytán V, Hernández-Mendoza F, Coria-Téllez AV, García-Morales S, Sánchez-Rodríguez E, Rojas-Abarca L, Daneshvar H. Fertigation: Nutrition, Stimulation and Bioprotection of the Root in High Performance. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 7:E88. [PMID: 30360461 PMCID: PMC6313855 DOI: 10.3390/plants7040088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Temperature changes, drought, frost, and the presence of pest and diseases place enormous stress on crops, which implies that the potential performance of these crops may be affected. One of the main goals for agronomists, horticulturists, growers, physiologists, soil scientists, geneticists, plant breeders, phytopathologists, and microbiologists is to increase the food production on the same cultivable area and to ensure that they are safe and of high quality. Understanding the biophysical changes in soil will help to manage the crop's ability to cope with biotic and abiotic stress. Optimization is needed in the nutrition of crops, which involves the use of biostimulants to counter oxidative stress and the management of strain bioformulations (bacteria and fungi) that protect and stimulate roots for the acquisition of nutrients. The implementation of these strategies in fertigation programs improves crop yields. This article addresses the importance of the stimulation and the bioprotection of the root as a fundamental pillar in ensuring the high performance of a crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor García-Gaytán
- Laboratorio de Análisis y Diagnóstico del Patrimonio (LADIPA), Colegio de Michoacán, A.C., Cerro de Nahuatzen 85, La Piedad 59699, Michoacán, Mexico.
| | - Fanny Hernández-Mendoza
- Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Montecillo, Carretera México-Texcoco km 36.5, Montecillo 56230, Texcoco, Estado de México, Mexico.
| | - Ana Velia Coria-Téllez
- Laboratorio de Análisis y Diagnóstico del Patrimonio (LADIPA), Colegio de Michoacán, A.C., Cerro de Nahuatzen 85, La Piedad 59699, Michoacán, Mexico.
| | - Soledad García-Morales
- CONACYT-Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Camino Arenero 1227, El Bajío del Arenal, Zapopan 45019, Jalisco, Mexico.
| | - Esteban Sánchez-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Análisis y Diagnóstico del Patrimonio (LADIPA), Colegio de Michoacán, A.C., Cerro de Nahuatzen 85, La Piedad 59699, Michoacán, Mexico.
| | - Luis Rojas-Abarca
- Laboratorio de Análisis y Diagnóstico del Patrimonio (LADIPA), Colegio de Michoacán, A.C., Cerro de Nahuatzen 85, La Piedad 59699, Michoacán, Mexico.
| | - Hadiseh Daneshvar
- Collage of Agriculture and Natural Resource, University of Tehran, Karaj 3158777871, Alborz, Iran.
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8
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Fones HN, Eyles CJ, Kay W, Cowper J, Gurr SJ. A role for random, humidity-dependent epiphytic growth prior to invasion of wheat by Zymoseptoria tritici. Fungal Genet Biol 2017; 106:51-60. [PMID: 28694096 PMCID: PMC5556705 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Zymoseptoria tritici causes Septoria leaf blotch of wheat. The prevailing paradigm of the Z. tritici-wheat interaction assumes fungal ingress through stomata within 24-48h, followed by days of symptomless infection. This is extrapolated from studies testing the mode of fungal ingress under optimal infection conditions. Here, we explicitly assess the timing of entry, using GFP-tagged Z. tritici. We show that early entry is comparatively rare, and extended epiphytic growth possible. We test the hypotheses that our data diverge from earlier studies due to: i. random ingress of Z. tritici into the leaf, with some early entry events; ii. previous reliance upon fungal stains, combined with poor attachment of Z. tritici to the leaf, leading to increased likelihood of observing internal versus external growth, compared to using GFP; iii. use of exceptionally high humidity to promote entry in previous studies. We combine computer simulation of leaf-surface growth with thousands of in planta observations to demonstrate that while spores germinate rapidly on the leaf, over 95% of fungi remain epiphytic, growing randomly over the leaf for ten days or more. We show that epiphytic fungi are easily detached from leaves by rinsing and that humidity promotes epiphytic growth, increasing infection rates. Together, these results explain why epiphytic growth has been dismissed and early ingress assumed. The prolonged epiphytic phase should inform studies of pathogenicity and virulence mutants, disease control strategies, and interpretation of the observed low in planta growth, metabolic quiescence and evasion of plant defences by Zymoseptoria during symptomless infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen N Fones
- Geoffrey Pope Building, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Chris J Eyles
- Geoffrey Pope Building, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - William Kay
- Geoffrey Pope Building, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Josh Cowper
- Geoffrey Pope Building, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Sarah J Gurr
- Geoffrey Pope Building, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK; Rothamsted Research, North Wyke, Okehampton, Devon EX20 2SB, UK; Donder's Hon Chair, University of Utrecht, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Cerqueira A, Alves A, Berenguer H, Correia B, Gómez-Cadenas A, Diez JJ, Monteiro P, Pinto G. Phosphite shifts physiological and hormonal profile of Monterey pine and delays Fusarium circinatum progression. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2017; 114:88-99. [PMID: 28284060 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium circinatum is the causal agent of pitch canker disease affecting Pinus spp. and Pseudotsuga menziesii worldwide. Under strict quarantine measures, alternative approaches for disease control are necessary. Phosphite (Phi) salts are known for their fungicidal activity and as plant resistance elicitors; however, its potential is yet to be acknowledged in the Pinus-F. circinatum model. The main aim of this study was to assess whether the application of a Phi-based commercial formulation would delay the progression of the pitch canker on Pinus radiata plants, and on the in vitro fungal growth. In vitro assays were performed using different Phi concentrations (1% and 4%) and a non-treated control (0%), and repeated in vivo using inoculated and non-inoculated plants. Plant physiological parameters and hormonal content were evaluated. Phi was effective at inhibiting in vitro mycelial growth in a dose dependent manner. Regardless of fungal inoculation, Phi application induced positive effects on plant performance, despite phytotoxic effects found at 4%. Fusarium circinatum infection led to a reduction in gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm and φPSII), while proline and hormone (JA, ABA and SA) levels increased. Phi was effective in delaying disease symptom development in a dose dependent manner, concurrent with in vitro observations: gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) were unaffected; proline, MDA and ABA decreased; electrolyte leakage and total soluble sugars increased. This suggests a direct (pathogen growth inhibition) and indirect (host defense priming) action of Phi, showing that Phi represents a potential strategy to control F. circinatum infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia Cerqueira
- Department of Biology, CESAM (Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Artur Alves
- Department of Biology, CESAM (Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Helder Berenguer
- Department of Biology, CESAM (Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Barbara Correia
- Department of Biology, CESAM (Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Aurelio Gómez-Cadenas
- Universitat Jaume I, Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural, 12071 Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - Julio Javier Diez
- Sustainable Forest Management Research Institute, University of Valladolid - INIA, Avenida de Madrid 44, Palencia, Spain; Department of Plant Production and Forest Resources, University of Valladolid, Avenida de Madrid 44, Palencia, Spain
| | - Pedro Monteiro
- Department of Biology, CESAM (Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Glória Pinto
- Department of Biology, CESAM (Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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Liu P, Gong J, Ding X, Jiang Y, Chen G, Li B, Weng Q, Chen Q. The L-type Ca(2+) Channel Blocker Nifedipine Inhibits Mycelial Growth, Sporulation, and Virulence of Phytophthora capsici. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1236. [PMID: 27540377 PMCID: PMC4972815 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The oomycete vegetable pathogen Phytophthora capsici causes significant losses of important vegetable crops worldwide. Calcium and other plant nutrients have been used in disease management of oomycete pathogens. Calcium homeostasis and signaling is essential for numerous biological processes, and Ca(2+) channel blockers prevent excessive Ca(2+) influx into the fungal cell. However, it is not known whether voltage-gated Ca(2+) channel blockers improve control over oomycete pathogens. In the present study, we compared the inhibitory effects of CaCl2 and the extracellular Ca(2+) chelator EDTA on mycelial growth and found that calcium assimilation plays a key role in P. capsici mycelial growth. Next, we involved the voltage-gated Ca(2+) channel blockers verapamil (VP) and nifedipine (NFD) to analyze the effect of Ca(2+) channel blockers on mycelial growth and sporulation; the results suggested that NFD, but not VP, caused significant inhibition. Ion rescue in an NFD-induced inhibition assay suggested that NFD-induced inhibition is calcium-dependent. In addition, NFD increased P. capsici sensitivity to H2O2 in a calcium-dependent manner, and extracellular calcium rescued it. Furthermore, NFD inhibited the virulence and gene expression related to its pathogenicity. These results suggest that NFD inhibits mycelial growth, sporulation, and virulence of P. capsici.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Qiyong Weng
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agricultural SciencesFuzhou, China
| | - Qinghe Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agricultural SciencesFuzhou, China
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