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John SP, Svihla ZT, Hasenstein KH. Changes in endogenous abscisic acid and stomata of the resurrection fern, Pleopeltis polypodioides, in response to de- and rehydration. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2023; 110:e16152. [PMID: 36896495 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.16152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE While angiosperms respond uniformly to abscisic acid (ABA) by stomatal closure, the response of ferns to ABA is ambiguous. We evaluated the effect of endogenous ABA, hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ), nitric oxide (NO), and Ca2+ , low and high light intensities, and blue light (BL) on stomatal opening of Pleopeltis polypodioides. METHODS Endogenous ABA was quantified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; microscopy results and stomatal responses to light and chemical treatments were analyzed with Image J. RESULTS The ABA content increases during initial dehydration, peaks at 15 h and then decreases to one fourth of the ABA content of hydrated fronds. Following rehydration, ABA content increases within 24 h to the level of hydrated tissue. The stomatal aperture opens under BL and remains open even in the presence of ABA. Closure was strongly affected by BL, NO, and Ca2+ , regardless of ABA, H2 O2 effect was weak. CONCLUSIONS The decrease in the ABA content during extended dehydration and insensitivity of the stomata to ABA suggests that the drought tolerance mechanism of Pleopeltis polypodioides is independent of ABA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan P John
- Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA, 70503, USA
| | - Zachary T Svihla
- Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA, 70503, USA
| | - Karl H Hasenstein
- Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA, 70503, USA
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Sharma P, Mishra S, Burman N, Chatterjee M, Singh S, Pradhan AK, Khurana P, Khurana JP. Characterization of Cry2 genes (CRY2a and CRY2b) of B. napus and comparative analysis of BnCRY1 and BnCRY2a in regulating seedling photomorphogenesis. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 110:161-186. [PMID: 35831732 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-022-01293-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cryptochrome 2 (CRY2) perceives blue/UV-A light and regulates photomorphogenesis in plants. However, besides Arabidopsis, CRY2 has been functionally characterized only in native species of japonica rice and tomato. In the present study, the BnCRY2a, generating a relatively longer cDNA and harboring an intron in its 5'UTR, has been characterized in detail. Western blot analysis revealed that BnCRY2a is light labile and degraded rapidly by 26S proteasome when seedlings are irradiated with blue light. For functional analysis, BnCRY2a was over-expressed in Brassica juncea, a related species more amenable to transformation. The BnCRY2a over-expression (BnCRY2aOE) transgenics developed short hypocotyl and expanded cotyledons, accumulated more anthocyanin in light-grown seedlings, and displayed early flowering on maturity. Early flowering in BnCRY2aOE transgenics was coupled with the up-regulation of many flowering-related genes such as FT. The present study also highlights the differential light sensitivity of cry1 and cry2 in controlling hypocotyl elongation growth in Brassica. BnCRY2aOE seedlings developed much shorter hypocotyl under the low-intensity of blue light, while BnCRY1OE seedling hypocotyls were shorter under the high-intensity blue light, compared to untransformed seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Sharma
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology & Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India
- Proteus Genomics, 218 Summit Parkway, Birmingham, AL, 35209, USA
| | - Sushma Mishra
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology & Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Naini Burman
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology & Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Mithu Chatterjee
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology & Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India
- AeroFarms, Newark, NJ, 07105, USA
| | - Shipra Singh
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology & Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Akshay K Pradhan
- Department of Genetics, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Paramjit Khurana
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology & Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India.
| | - Jitendra P Khurana
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology & Interdisciplinary Centre for Plant Genomics, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India
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Chen P, Liu P, Zhang Q, Zhao L, Hao X, Liu L, Bu C, Pan Y, Zhang D, Song Y. Dynamic physiological and transcriptome changes reveal a potential relationship between the circadian clock and salt stress response in Ulmus pumila. Mol Genet Genomics 2022; 297:303-317. [PMID: 35089426 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-021-01838-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Despite the important role the circadian clock plays in numerous critical physiological responses in plants, such as hypocotyl elongation, leaf movement, stomatal opening, flowering, and stress responses, there have been no investigations into the effect of the circadian clock on physiological and transcriptional networks under salt stress. Ulmus pumila L. has been reported to tolerate 100-150 mM NaCl treatment. We measured the diurnal variation in photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and performed a time-course transcriptome analysis of 2-years-old U. pumila seedlings under salt treatment to dissect the physiological regulation and potential relationship between the circadian network and the salt stress response. Seedlings in 150 mM NaCl treatment exhibited salt-induced physiological enhancement compared to the control group. A total of 7009 differentially expressed unigenes (DEGs) were identified under salt stress, of which 16 DEGs were identified as circadian rhythm-related DEGs (crDEGs). Further analysis of dynamic expression changes revealed that DEGs involved in four crucial pathways-photosynthesis, thiamine metabolism, abscisic acid synthesis and metabolism, and the hormone-MAPK signal crosstalk pathway-are closely related to the circadian clock. Finally, we constructed a co-expression network between the circadian clock and these four crucial pathways. Our results help shed light on the molecular link between the circadian network and salt stress tolerance in U. pumila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panfei Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
- Experimental Center of Forestry in North China, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 102300, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Quanfeng Zhang
- Hebei Academy of Forestry Sciences, No. 75, Xuefu Road, Hebei, 050072, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuri Hao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenhao Bu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanjun Pan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Deqiang Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuepeng Song
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China.
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Rai N, Morales LO, Aphalo PJ. Perception of solar UV radiation by plants: photoreceptors and mechanisms. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 186:1382-1396. [PMID: 33826733 PMCID: PMC8260113 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
About 95% of the ultraviolet (UV) photons reaching the Earth's surface are UV-A (315-400 nm) photons. Plant responses to UV-A radiation have been less frequently studied than those to UV-B (280-315 nm) radiation. Most previous studies on UV-A radiation have used an unrealistic balance between UV-A, UV-B, and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). Consequently, results from these studies are difficult to interpret from an ecological perspective, leaving an important gap in our understanding of the perception of solar UV radiation by plants. Previously, it was assumed UV-A/blue photoreceptors, cryptochromes and phototropins mediated photomorphogenic responses to UV-A radiation and "UV-B photoreceptor" UV RESISTANCE LOCUS 8 (UVR8) to UV-B radiation. However, our understanding of how UV-A radiation is perceived by plants has recently improved. Experiments using a realistic balance between UV-B, UV-A, and PAR have demonstrated that UVR8 can play a major role in the perception of both UV-B and short-wavelength UV-A (UV-Asw, 315 to ∼350 nm) radiation. These experiments also showed that UVR8 and cryptochromes jointly regulate gene expression through interactions that alter the relative sensitivity to UV-B, UV-A, and blue wavelengths. Negative feedback loops on the action of these photoreceptors can arise from gene expression, signaling crosstalk, and absorption of UV photons by phenolic metabolites. These interactions explain why exposure to blue light modulates photomorphogenic responses to UV-B and UV-Asw radiation. Future studies will need to distinguish between short and long wavelengths of UV-A radiation and to consider UVR8's role as a UV-B/UV-Asw photoreceptor in sunlight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Rai
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology, Viikki Plant Science Center (ViPS), Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Author for communication: . Present address: Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Luis Orlando Morales
- School of Science and Technology, The Life Science Center-Biology, Örebro University, SE-70182 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Pedro José Aphalo
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology, Viikki Plant Science Center (ViPS), Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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Rusaczonek A, Czarnocka W, Willems P, Sujkowska-Rybkowska M, Van Breusegem F, Karpiński S. Phototropin 1 and 2 Influence Photosynthesis, UV-C Induced Photooxidative Stress Responses, and Cell Death. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020200. [PMID: 33498294 PMCID: PMC7909289 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Phototropins are plasma membrane-associated photoreceptors of blue light and UV-A/B radiation. The Arabidopsis thaliana genome encodes two phototropins, PHOT1 and PHOT2, that mediate phototropism, chloroplast positioning, and stomatal opening. They are well characterized in terms of photomorphogenetic processes, but so far, little was known about their involvement in photosynthesis, oxidative stress responses, and cell death. By analyzing phot1, phot2 single, and phot1phot2 double mutants, we demonstrated that both phototropins influence the photochemical and non-photochemical reactions, photosynthetic pigments composition, stomata conductance, and water-use efficiency. After oxidative stress caused by UV-C treatment, phot1 and phot2 single and double mutants showed a significantly reduced accumulation of H2O2 and more efficient photosynthetic electron transport compared to the wild type. However, all phot mutants exhibited higher levels of cell death four days after UV-C treatment, as well as deregulated gene expression. Taken together, our results reveal that on the one hand, both phot1 and phot2 contribute to the inhibition of UV-C-induced foliar cell death, but on the other hand, they also contribute to the maintenance of foliar H2O2 levels and optimal intensity of photochemical reactions and non-photochemical quenching after an exposure to UV-C stress. Our data indicate a novel role for phototropins in the condition-dependent optimization of photosynthesis, growth, and water-use efficiency as well as oxidative stress and cell death response after UV-C exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rusaczonek
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (W.C.); (M.S.-R.)
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: (A.R.); (S.K.)
| | - Weronika Czarnocka
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (W.C.); (M.S.-R.)
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Patrick Willems
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (P.W.); (F.V.B.)
- VIB Center of Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marzena Sujkowska-Rybkowska
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (W.C.); (M.S.-R.)
| | - Frank Van Breusegem
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (P.W.); (F.V.B.)
- VIB Center of Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stanisław Karpiński
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: (A.R.); (S.K.)
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