1
|
Jin P, Tian Y, Zang E, Zeng L, Zhang Z, Liu J, Shi L. Complete mitochondrial DNA sequence of Alboglossiphonia lata Oka, 1910 (Rhynchobdellida: Glossiphoniidae) and its phylogenetic analysis. Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2024; 9:652-656. [PMID: 38770146 PMCID: PMC11104703 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2024.2353385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The complete mitochondrial genome of Alboglossiphonia lata (basionym: Glossiphonia lata), sourced from a biodiversity hotspot of China, has been determined and reported in this study. It was 15,236 bp in length and consisted of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes and three control regions. The mitogenome was deposited GenBank under the accession number PP165800. A. lata and other species within the Glossiphoniidae family were clustered together with high bootstrap values. The mitochondrial genome of A. lata provides valuable molecular data for further phylogenetic research on the Glossiphoniidae family.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Jin
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Assurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource of Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Assurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Study and Exploitation of Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
| | - Erhuan Zang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Assurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource of Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Lingchao Zeng
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Assurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Study and Exploitation of Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
| | - Zhaolei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource of Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Study and Exploitation of Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, China
| | - Jinxin Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Assurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource of Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Linchun Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Assurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource of Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Trivalairat P, Trivalairat K, Tassamakorn A, Purivirojkul W. Blood recovery of wild Mekong snail-eating turtles ( Malayemys subtrijuga Schlegel and Müller, 1845) in captivity from leech infestation. Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl 2023; 22:126-135. [PMID: 37854273 PMCID: PMC10579961 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2023.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Blood cell counts are valuable diagnostic tools for assessing the health status of chelonians, however, reference standards for healthy blood parameters in various turtle species are lacking. In this study, forty wild female Malayemys subtrijuga were captured from ponds in Kasetsart University, and transported to laboratory for recuperating in captivity. All turtles were infected with a single leech species, Placobdelloides siamensis, with a mean of 513.7 ± 164.9 individuals per turtle, and exhibited penetrating and lesion wounds from leech infestations on both their skin and shell. Subsequently, they were cleaned and treated to eliminate ecto- and endoparasites before the recuperation period began. The turtles did not exhibit significantly differences in weight, carapace length (CL), red blood cell count (RCC), and white blood cell count (WCC) with a mean of 654.2 ± 199.9 g, 15.0 ± 2.5 cm, 327,080 ± 70,156 cells/mm3, and 73,340 ± 15,859 cells/mm3, respectively, during the initial records (week 0). However, after being maintained for 17 weeks, their health significantly improved in term of their blood parameters (RCC and WCC) and weight, except CL which remained unchanged, with a mean of 491,470 ± 16,169 cells/mm3, 18,790 ± 1496 cells/mm3, and 738.9 ± 191.5 g, respectively. Therefore, the health status obtained in this study can be used as a reference for blood parameters, weight, and recuperation period for the treatment of ill wild M. subtrijuga in captivity or as part of conservation management programs for turtles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Poramad Trivalairat
- Chulabhorn Royal Academy, 906 Thung Song Hong, Lak Si, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand
- Animal Systematics and Ecology Speciality Research Unit (ASESRU), Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan Road, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Krittiya Trivalairat
- Animal Systematics and Ecology Speciality Research Unit (ASESRU), Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan Road, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Awirut Tassamakorn
- Chulabhorn Royal Academy, 906 Thung Song Hong, Lak Si, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand
| | - Watchariya Purivirojkul
- Animal Systematics and Ecology Speciality Research Unit (ASESRU), Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan Road, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
- Biodiversity Center, Kasetsart University (BDCKU), Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ben Ahmed R, Gajda Ł, Utevsky S, Kvist S, Świątek P. Placobdella nabeulensis sp. nov. (Hirudinea: Glossiphoniidae), a new glossiphoniiform leech from Palearctic North Africa. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:6753-6767. [PMID: 37389700 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08594-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Herein, we describe a new species of turtle blood-feeding leech, Placobdella nabeulensis sp. nov. from Palearctic North Africa (Tunisia and Algeria). The new species is described based on detailed morphological analyses using light and scanning electron microscopes. RESULTS Apart from the detailed morphology of the atrium, morphological features alone do not sufficiently separate the species from congeners due to the absence of distinct diagnostic characters. Therefore, we turned to molecular data to better distinguish this new species from other members of the genus and establish a basis for its genetic separation. Four DNA fragments were successfully amplified, including mitochondrial COI and 12S rDNA, as well as nuclear 28S rDNA and histone H3. We then provided the molecular descriptor of the taxon, based on redundant diagnostic nucleotide combinations in DNA sequence alignment within the Folmer region. Results of the phylogenetic analysis and species delimitation methods (ABGD, ASAP, and bPTP) based on the COI locus support the species rank of the Tunisian-Algerian Placobdella. CONCLUSIONS The new species is most closely related to the European species Placobdella costata (Fr. Müller, 1846) and the present study indicates that Placobdella nabeulensis sp. nov. has likely been confused with the European counterpart in several previous studies. This article is registered at www.zoobank.org under urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:4A4B9C1D-2556-430F-8E4B-0CE99F2012F5.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raja Ben Ahmed
- Faculté Des Sciences de Tunis, Ecologie, Biologie Et Physiologie Des Organismes Aquatiques, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Łukasz Gajda
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Serge Utevsky
- Department of Zoology and Animal Ecology, V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | | | - Piotr Świątek
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bolotov IN, Kondakov AV, Eliseeva TA, Aksenova OV, Babushkin ES, Bespalaya YV, Chertoprud ES, Dvoryankin GA, Gofarov MY, Klass AL, Konopleva ES, Kropotin AV, Lyubas AA, Makhrov AA, Palatov DM, Shevchenko AR, Sokolova SE, Spitsyn VM, Tomilova AA, Vikhrev IV, Zubrii NA, Vinarski MV. Cryptic taxonomic diversity and high-latitude melanism in the glossiphoniid leech assemblage from the Eurasian Arctic. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20630. [PMID: 36450804 PMCID: PMC9712395 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24989-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The family Glossiphoniidae is a diverse and widespread clade of freshwater leeches, playing a significant role in functioning of aquatic ecosystems. The taxonomy and biogeography of leeches from temperate, subtropical, and tropical regions attracted much attention of zoologists, while their taxonomic richness and distribution in the Arctic are poorly understood. Here, we present an overview of the Eurasian Arctic Glossiphoniidae based on the most comprehensive occurrence and DNA sequence datasets sampled to date. This fauna contains 14 species, belonging to five genera and three subfamilies. One genus and five species are new to science and described here. The world's northernmost occurrences of glossiphoniids are situated on the Taymyr Peninsula at 72° N, although further records at higher latitudes are expected. Most Arctic leeches are characterized by broad ranges crossing several climatic zones (e.g., Glossiphonia balcanica and G. nebulosa), although the distribution of two new species may be confined to the high-latitude areas. The Taymyr Peninsula with the nearby Putorana Plateau represents the most species-rich area (totally 9 species), while the European Arctic, Iceland, Kolyma Highland, and Chukotka Peninsula house depleted faunas (2-4 species per subregion). Finally, we show that the high-latitude melanism is a common phenomenon in glossiphoniid leeches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan N. Bolotov
- grid.513051.3N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Northern Dvina Emb. 23, 163069 Arkhangelsk, Russia ,grid.452489.6SSC/IUCN-Mollusc Specialist Group, Species Survival Commission, International Union for Conservation of Nature, Cambridge, CB2 3QZ UK
| | - Alexander V. Kondakov
- grid.513051.3N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Northern Dvina Emb. 23, 163069 Arkhangelsk, Russia ,grid.462706.10000 0004 0497 5323Northern Arctic Federal University, Northern Dvina Emb. 17, 163002 Arkhangelsk, Russia ,grid.15447.330000 0001 2289 6897Laboratory of Macroecology and Biogeography of Invertebrates, Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Emb., 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Tatyana A. Eliseeva
- grid.513051.3N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Northern Dvina Emb. 23, 163069 Arkhangelsk, Russia ,grid.462706.10000 0004 0497 5323Northern Arctic Federal University, Northern Dvina Emb. 17, 163002 Arkhangelsk, Russia ,grid.15447.330000 0001 2289 6897Laboratory of Macroecology and Biogeography of Invertebrates, Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Emb., 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Olga V. Aksenova
- grid.513051.3N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Northern Dvina Emb. 23, 163069 Arkhangelsk, Russia
| | - Evgeny S. Babushkin
- grid.15447.330000 0001 2289 6897Laboratory of Macroecology and Biogeography of Invertebrates, Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Emb., 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia ,grid.446175.50000 0000 9607 5007Surgut State University, Lenina Ave., 1, 628403 Surgut, Russia ,Tyumen Scientific Center, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Malygina St., 86, 625026 Tyumen, Russia
| | - Yulia V. Bespalaya
- grid.513051.3N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Northern Dvina Emb. 23, 163069 Arkhangelsk, Russia ,grid.15447.330000 0001 2289 6897Laboratory of Macroecology and Biogeography of Invertebrates, Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Emb., 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Elena S. Chertoprud
- grid.437665.50000 0001 1088 7934A. N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prt., 33, 119071 Moscow, Russia ,grid.14476.300000 0001 2342 9668Department of General Ecology and Hydrobiology, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Gennady A. Dvoryankin
- grid.513051.3N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Northern Dvina Emb. 23, 163069 Arkhangelsk, Russia
| | - Mikhail Yu. Gofarov
- grid.513051.3N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Northern Dvina Emb. 23, 163069 Arkhangelsk, Russia
| | - Anna L. Klass
- grid.18919.380000000406204151Institute of Molecular Genetics of the National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, Kurchatov Square 2, 123182 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina S. Konopleva
- grid.513051.3N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Northern Dvina Emb. 23, 163069 Arkhangelsk, Russia
| | - Alexander V. Kropotin
- grid.513051.3N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Northern Dvina Emb. 23, 163069 Arkhangelsk, Russia
| | - Artem A. Lyubas
- grid.513051.3N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Northern Dvina Emb. 23, 163069 Arkhangelsk, Russia
| | - Alexander A. Makhrov
- grid.15447.330000 0001 2289 6897Laboratory of Macroecology and Biogeography of Invertebrates, Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Emb., 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia ,grid.437665.50000 0001 1088 7934A. N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prt., 33, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry M. Palatov
- grid.15447.330000 0001 2289 6897Laboratory of Macroecology and Biogeography of Invertebrates, Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Emb., 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia ,grid.437665.50000 0001 1088 7934A. N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prt., 33, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander R. Shevchenko
- grid.513051.3N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Northern Dvina Emb. 23, 163069 Arkhangelsk, Russia
| | - Svetlana E. Sokolova
- grid.513051.3N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Northern Dvina Emb. 23, 163069 Arkhangelsk, Russia
| | - Vitaly M. Spitsyn
- grid.513051.3N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Northern Dvina Emb. 23, 163069 Arkhangelsk, Russia
| | - Alena A. Tomilova
- grid.513051.3N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Northern Dvina Emb. 23, 163069 Arkhangelsk, Russia
| | - Ilya V. Vikhrev
- grid.513051.3N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Northern Dvina Emb. 23, 163069 Arkhangelsk, Russia ,grid.452489.6SSC/IUCN-Mollusc Specialist Group, Species Survival Commission, International Union for Conservation of Nature, Cambridge, CB2 3QZ UK
| | - Natalia A. Zubrii
- grid.513051.3N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Northern Dvina Emb. 23, 163069 Arkhangelsk, Russia
| | - Maxim V. Vinarski
- grid.452489.6SSC/IUCN-Mollusc Specialist Group, Species Survival Commission, International Union for Conservation of Nature, Cambridge, CB2 3QZ UK ,grid.15447.330000 0001 2289 6897Laboratory of Macroecology and Biogeography of Invertebrates, Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Emb., 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia ,Tyumen Scientific Center, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Malygina St., 86, 625026 Tyumen, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Moser WE, Richardson DJ, Hammond CI, Rojas L, Lazo-Wasem E, Phillips AJ. Resurrection and redescription of Clepsinepallida Verrill, 1872 (Hirudinida, Glossiphoniidae) with a phylogeny of the genus Alboglossiphonia. Zookeys 2022; 1127:135-154. [PMID: 36760359 PMCID: PMC9836599 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1127.86004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Alboglossiphoniapallida (Verrill, 1872) comb. nov. is resurrected and redescribed based on morphological and molecular data from specimens of the type locality (New Haven County, Connecticut, USA) that demonstrate it is distinct from North American Alboglossiphoniaheteroclita, European Alboglossiphoniaheteroclita, and Alboglossiphoniapapillosa. Alboglossiphoniapallida is characterized by having dark chromatophores on the dorsal surface arranged lateral to patrilaterally and medially as a thin line or interrupted thin line along with three pairs of eye spots (with the first pair closest together), six pairs of crop ceca, and a united gonopore. Additional sampling of specimens of the genus Alboglossiphonia is needed to understand its phylogeny especially as many species have not been collected since their description.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William E. Moser
- Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Museum Support Center MRC 534, 4210 Silver Hill Road, Suitland, MD 20746, USANational Museum of Natural HistorySuitlandUnited States of America
| | - Dennis J. Richardson
- School of Biological Sciences, Quinnipiac University, 275 Mt. Carmel Avenue, Hamden, CT 06518, USAQuinnipiac UniversityHamdenUnited States of America
| | - Charlotte I. Hammond
- School of Biological Sciences, Quinnipiac University, 275 Mt. Carmel Avenue, Hamden, CT 06518, USAQuinnipiac UniversityHamdenUnited States of America
| | - Lourdes Rojas
- Division of Invertebrate Zoology, Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University, P.O. Box 208118, New Haven, CT 06520, USAYale UniversityNew HavenUnited States of America
| | - Eric Lazo-Wasem
- Division of Invertebrate Zoology, Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University, P.O. Box 208118, New Haven, CT 06520, USAYale UniversityNew HavenUnited States of America
| | - Anna J. Phillips
- Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Department of Invertebrate Zoology, 10th St and Constitution Ave, NW, Washington, DC 20560-0163, USANational Museum of Natural HistoryWashingtonUnited States of America
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bassett LG, Zughaiyir FE, Richardson DJ, Hammond CI, McAllister CT, Forstner MR. Association of Leeches with the Endangered Houston Toad. SOUTHEAST NAT 2022. [DOI: 10.1656/058.021.0109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Chris T. McAllister
- Science and Mathematics Division, Eastern Oklahoma State College, Idabel, OK 74745
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Cichocka JM, Bielecki A, Jabłońska‐Barna I, Krajewski Ł, Topolska K, Hildebrand J, Dmitryjuk M, Biedunkiewicz A, Abramchuk A. Sucking of human blood by Placobdella costata (O. F. Müller, 1846) (Hirudinida: Glossiphoniidae): Case study with notes on body form. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:17593-17603. [PMID: 35003625 PMCID: PMC8717304 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Four events of Placobdella costata sucking human blood are described.Human blood was sucked by both adult and juvenile specimens of P. costata.The feeding strategies of juveniles under parental care are presented.New data on juvenile specimens' body form are presented.Information on the potential role of mammals in dispersion and habitat preferences of leeches P. costata is considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna M. Cichocka
- Department of ZoologyFaculty of Biology and BiotechnologyUniversity of Warmia and Mazury in OlsztynOlsztynPoland
- XI High School in OlsztynOlsztynPoland
| | - Aleksander Bielecki
- Department of ZoologyFaculty of Biology and BiotechnologyUniversity of Warmia and Mazury in OlsztynOlsztynPoland
| | - Izabela Jabłońska‐Barna
- Department of Tourism, Recreation and EcologyFaculty of GeoengineeringUniversity of Warmia and Mazury in OlsztynOlsztynPoland
| | - Łukasz Krajewski
- Institute of Technology and Life Sciences—National Research InstituteRaszynPoland
| | | | - Joanna Hildebrand
- Department of ParasitologyInstitute of Genetics and MicrobiologyUniversity of WrocławWrocławPoland
| | - Małgorzata Dmitryjuk
- Department of BiochemistryFaculty of Biology and BiotechnologyUniversity of Warmia and MazuryOlsztynPoland
| | - Anna Biedunkiewicz
- Department of Microbiology and MycologyFaculty of Biology and BiotechnologyUniversity of Warmia and Mazury in OlsztynOlsztynPoland
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jovanović M, Haring E, Sattmann H, Grosser C, Pesic V. DNA barcoding for species delimitation of the freshwater leech genus Glossiphonia from the Western Balkan (Hirudinea, Glossiphoniidae). Biodivers Data J 2021; 9:e66347. [PMID: 34616211 PMCID: PMC8458266 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.9.e66347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glossiphoniid leeches are a diverse group and sometimes abundant elements of the aquatic fauna inhabiting various types of freshwater habitats. In this study, we sampled leeches of the genus Glossiphonia from the Western Balkan in order to test the suitability of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) marker sequence for species delimitation. Morphological analysis revealed the presence of four taxa, G.complanata with two subspecies, G.c.complanata and G.c.maculosa, the latter an endemic of Ohrid Lake, G.nebulosa and endemic G.balcanica. In total, 29 new barcodes of Glossiphonia were sequenced in the course of this study and compared with the available molecular dataset of the latter genus from GenBank/BOLD databases. The applied ASAP distance-based species delimitation method for the analysed dataset revealed an interspecific threshold between 4-8% K2P distance as suitable for species identification purposes of the Western Balkan Glossiphonia species. Our study revealed that morphologically identified taxa as G.nebulosa and G.concolor each consists of more than one clearly different phylogenetic clade. This study contributes to a better knowledge of the taxonomy of glossiphoniid leeches and emphasises future work on the revision of this genus using a standard molecular COI marker in species identification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milica Jovanović
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Science and Mathematics, University of Montenegro, Džordža Vašingtona bb, 81000, Podgorica, Montenegro Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Science and Mathematics, University of Montenegro, Džordža Vašingtona bb, 81000 Podgorica Montenegro
| | - Elisabeth Haring
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna Austria.,Central Research Laboratories, Natural History Museum Vienna, Burgring 7, 1010, Vienna, Austria Central Research Laboratories, Natural History Museum Vienna, Burgring 7, 1010 Vienna Austria
| | - Helmut Sattmann
- 3rd Zoological Department, Natural History Museum Vienna, Burgring 7, Vienna, Austria 3rd Zoological Department, Natural History Museum Vienna, Burgring 7 Vienna Austria
| | - Clemens Grosser
- 4 Bernd-Blindow-Schule Leipzig, Comeniusstraße 17, 04315, Leipzig, Germany 4 Bernd-Blindow-Schule Leipzig, Comeniusstraße 17, 04315 Leipzig Germany
| | - Vladimir Pesic
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Science and Mathematics, University of Montenegro, Džordža Vašingtona bb, 81000, Podgorica, Montenegro Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Science and Mathematics, University of Montenegro, Džordža Vašingtona bb, 81000 Podgorica Montenegro
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Vecchioni L, Marrone F, Liuzzo M, Seglie D, Cavalcante R, Bazan G, Arizza V, Arculeo M. New molecular data attest to the absence of cospeciation patterns between Placobdella costata (Fr. Müller, 1846) (Hirudinea) and freshwater turtles (Emys spp.) in Italy. THE EUROPEAN ZOOLOGICAL JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/24750263.2021.1965233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- L. Vecchioni
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - F. Marrone
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - M. Liuzzo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Informatica e Statistica, Università Ca’ Foscari di Venezia, Campus Scientifico, Venezia, Italy
| | - D. Seglie
- Centro Emys Piemonte, Livorno Ferraris, Italia
| | | | - G. Bazan
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - V. Arizza
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - M. Arculeo
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chiangkul K, Trivalairat P, Purivirojkul W. Batracobdelloides bangkhenensis sp. n. (Hirudinea: Rhynchobdellida), a new leech species parasite on freshwater snails from Thailand. Parasitol Res 2020; 120:93-107. [PMID: 33145647 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-020-06919-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A new snail-eating leech, Batracobdelloides bangkhenensis sp. n., was discovered at Kasetsart University, Bangkhen Campus, Bangkok, Thailand. This species is found free living in the benthic zone of ponds; feeds on freshwater snails, including Bithynia siamensis siamensis, Indoplanorbis exustus, Radix rubiginosa, Physella acuta, and Pomacea canaliculata; and uses a shell as a shelter during the parental care period, with a colony of 7-15 juvenile individuals held on the venter inside the shell of host. Batracobdelloides bangkhenensis displays distinct morphological characters, including a rice-shaped body showing transparency, cephalization, two eye pairs merged on somite III, an anterior sucker twice as large as the cephalic region, a central mouth in the anterior sucker, seven light brown transverse rows in the neck region, absent dorsal papillae, rich green pigments on the dorsum, a male gonopore on XIIa2/XIIa3 (27-28), a female gonopore on XIIIa1/XIIIa2 (29-30), and diffuse aggregations of minute, spherical salivary glands in the neck region. Comparisons of the COI and COI-ND1 genes showed a monophyletic clade for Batracobdelloides, and the phylogenetic tree of the COI gene also indicated that B. bangkhenensis is distinct from other species in the genus, with strong support values.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krittiya Chiangkul
- Animal Systematics and Ecology Speciality Research Unit, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan Road, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Poramad Trivalairat
- Animal Systematics and Ecology Speciality Research Unit, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan Road, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Watchariya Purivirojkul
- Animal Systematics and Ecology Speciality Research Unit, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan Road, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Moser WE, Richardson DJ, Hammond CI, Lazo-Wasem EA. Redescription and Molecular Characterization of Placobdella michiganensis (Sawyer, 1972) (Hirudinida: Glossiphoniidae). BULLETIN OF THE PEABODY MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY 2020. [DOI: 10.3374/014.061.0202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- William E. Moser
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Suitland, MD 20746 USA —
| | | | | | - Eric A. Lazo-Wasem
- Division of Invertebrate Zoology, Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8118 USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kambayashi C, Kurabayashi A, Nakano T. Topotype-based redescription of the leech Torix tukubana (Hirudinida: Glossiphoniiformes: Glossiphoniidae). P BIOL SOC WASH 2020. [DOI: 10.2988/20-00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chiaki Kambayashi
- (CK, AK) Department of Bio-Science, Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, Nagahama, Shiga 526-0829, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kurabayashi
- (CK, AK) Department of Bio-Science, Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, Nagahama, Shiga 526-0829, Japan
| | - Takafumi Nakano
- (TN) Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan, e-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Phillips AJ, Govedich FR, Moser WE. Leeches in the extreme: Morphological, physiological, and behavioral adaptations to inhospitable habitats. Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl 2020; 12:318-325. [PMID: 33101909 PMCID: PMC7569739 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2020.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
With more than 700 described species, leeches include morphological, physiological, and behavioral diversity and occur in terrestrial and aquatic habitats, including freshwater, estuarine, and marine ecosystems. Leeches inhabit a number of extreme environments, including extremes in temperature, moisture, salinity, pressure, light, and pollution. In some cases, leeches in extreme environments have specialized morphological, physiological, or behavioral adaptations to survive these conditions, yet unique adaptations are not apparent in some species. Leeches that inhabit inhospitable habitats occur in more than one branch or family of leech phylogeny suggesting that there have been independent invasions of environments with extreme conditions. Herein, we review examples of leeches that live in extreme conditions and the exceptional biology that has contributed to leeches being the most extreme annelids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna J. Phillips
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, 10th Street and Constitution Avenue NW, Washington, DC, 20560, USA
| | - Fredric R. Govedich
- Biology Department, Southern Utah University, 351 W. University Blvd., Cedar City, UT, 84720, USA
| | - William E. Moser
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Museum Support Center–MRC 534, 4210 Silver Hill Road, Suitland, MD, 20746, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kaygorodova I, Bolbat N, Bolbat A. Species delimitation through DNA barcoding of freshwater leeches of theGlossiphoniagenus (Hirudinea: Glossiphoniidae) from Eastern Siberia, Russia. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Irina Kaygorodova
- Limnological Institute of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences Irkutsk Russia
| | - Nadezhda Bolbat
- Limnological Institute of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences Irkutsk Russia
- Department of Plant Physiology, Cell Biology and Genetics Irkutsk State University Irkutsk Russia
| | - Alexander Bolbat
- Limnological Institute of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences Irkutsk Russia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
An exceptional case of mitochondrial tRNA duplication-deletion events in blood-feeding leeches. ORG DIVERS EVOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13127-020-00431-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
16
|
Trivalairat P, Chiangkul K, Purivirojkul W. Placobdelloides sirikanchanae sp. nov., a new species of glossiphoniid leech and a parasite of turtles from lower southern Thailand (Hirudinea, Rhynchobdellida). Zookeys 2019; 882:1-24. [PMID: 31686947 PMCID: PMC6821855 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.882.35229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract A new species of glossiphoniid leech, Placobdelloides sirikanchanae sp. nov., is reported in the Asian leaf turtle (Cyclemys dentata) and the dark-bellied leaf turtle (C. enigmatica) from Songkhla Province, southern Thailand. The examination of morphological characters revealed that this new species is similar to P. siamensis (Oka, 1917), a common turtle leech species found in Thailand. Placobdelloides sirikanchanae sp. nov. demonstrates distinct morphological characters, with an elongated, narrow body, 13-17 well-developed knob papillae on each annulus, dark brown to greenish dorsal color with a crimson median line, the absence of a scarlet dot, different male and female gonopore distributions, a rough posterior sucker with a random pit distribution, and 104-115 eggs per clutch. The phylogenetic relationships of COI-ND1 genes were clarified and shown to be distinct from those of P. siamensis. Additionally, habitat preferences tended toward low oxygen conditions such as puddles or water patches on rubber plantations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Poramad Trivalairat
- Animal Systematics and Ecology Speciality Research Unit, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan Road, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, ThailandKasetsart UniversityBangkokThailand
| | - Krittiya Chiangkul
- Animal Systematics and Ecology Speciality Research Unit, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan Road, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, ThailandKasetsart UniversityBangkokThailand
| | - Watchariya Purivirojkul
- Animal Systematics and Ecology Speciality Research Unit, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan Road, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, ThailandKasetsart UniversityBangkokThailand
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Moser WE, Richardson DJ, Schlesser NJ, Hammond CI, Lazo-Wasem EA. Redescription and Molecular Characterization of Placobdella pediculata Hemingway, 1908 (Hirudinida: Glossiphoniidae). BULLETIN OF THE PEABODY MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY 2019. [DOI: 10.3374/014.060.0203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nicholas J. Schlesser
- Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, Lake City Area Fisheries, Lake City, MN 55041 USA
| | | | - Eric A. Lazo-Wasem
- Division of Invertebrate Zoology, Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Mack J, Kvist S. Improved geographic sampling provides further evidence for the separation ofGlossiphonia complanataandGlossiphonia elegans(Annelida: Clitellata: Glossiphoniidae). J NAT HIST 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2019.1590658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Mack
- Department of Natural History, Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sebastian Kvist
- Department of Natural History, Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Iyer RG, Rogers DV, Levine M, Winchell CJ, Weisblat DA. Reproductive differences among species, and between individuals and cohorts, in the leech genus Helobdella (Lophotrochozoa; Annelida; Clitellata; Hirudinida; Glossiphoniidae), with implications for reproductive resource allocation in hermaphrodites. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214581. [PMID: 30934006 PMCID: PMC6443171 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Leeches and oligochaetes comprise a monophyletic group of annelids, the Clitellata, whose reproduction is characterized by simultaneous hermaphroditism. While most clitellate species reproduce by cross-fertilization, self-fertilization has been described within the speciose genus Helobdella. Here we document the reproductive life histories and reproductive capacities for three other Helobdella species. Under laboratory conditions, both H. robusta and H. octatestisaca exhibit uniparental reproduction, apparently reflecting self-fertility, and suggesting that this trait is ancestral for the genus. However, the third species, H. austinensis, seems incapable of reproduction by self-fertilization, so we inferred its reproductive life history by analyzing reproduction in breeding cohorts. Comparing the reproductive parameters for H. robusta reproducing in isolation and in cohorts revealed that reproduction in cohorts is dramatically delayed with respect to that of isolated individuals, and that cohorts of leeches coordinate their cocoon deposition in a manner that is not predicted from the reproductive parameters of individuals reproducing in isolation. Finally, our comparisons of reproductive capacity for individuals versus cohorts for H. robusta, and between different sizes of cohorts for H. austinensis, reveal differences in resource allocation between male and female reproductive roles that are consistent with evolutionary theory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roshni G. Iyer
- Dept. of Electrical Engineering & Computer Sciences, Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
| | - D. Valle Rogers
- Dept. of Molecular & Cell Biology, Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
| | - Michelle Levine
- Dept. of Molecular & Cell Biology, Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
| | - Christopher J. Winchell
- Dept. of Molecular & Cell Biology, Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
| | - David A. Weisblat
- Dept. of Molecular & Cell Biology, Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Spatio-temporal variation and the use of host body surface by ectoparasites of the chelonians Phrynops geoffroanus and Mesoclemmys tuberculata in areas of the Caatinga and Atlantic Forest in northeast Brazil. Parasitol Res 2019; 118:913-926. [PMID: 30737672 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-019-06208-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Ectoparasites such as hematophagous leeches and monogeneans are common in chelonians, occupying different parts of the body. Thus, the present study aimed to identify and describe the fauna of ectoparasites that infest Phrynops geoffroanus and Mesoclemmys tuberculata to evaluate the effect of host conditions and seasonality (dry and rainy season) on the abundance and composition of ectoparasites. We verified the presence of ectoparasites in 73.2% of the examined turtles, with four species of leeches belonging to Glossiphoniidae, Haementeria brasiliensis sensu Cordero, 1937, Helobdella cf. adiastola, Haementeria sp1., and Haementeria sp2., and one monogenean Polystomatidae, Polystomoides brasiliensis. For both chelonians, we observed a significant difference in the abundance of ectoparasites in relation to sex, biome, and season, which was unrelated to length and mass. Leeches were more frequent in the cavities of the hind limbs in P. geoffroanus, and the anterior limbs of M. tuberculata. The general spatial niche overlap of ectoparasites was high, except for that of the monogenean P. brasiliensis, which did not overlap with those of other leech species. The present study is the first report of the presence of H. brasiliensis and P. brasiliensis parasitizing M. tuberculata, and Helobdella cf. adiastola in a phoretic relationship with P. geoffroanus and M. tuberculata. Finally, the differences in infestation levels may reflect ecological factors, differences in behavioral patterns of the hosts, and different anthropic alterations suffered in the Caatinga and Atlantic Forest biomes.
Collapse
|
21
|
Chiangkul K, Trivalairat P, Purivirojkul W. Redescription of the Siamese shield leech Placobdelloides siamensis with new host species and geographic range. Parasite 2018; 25:56. [PMID: 30474597 PMCID: PMC6254108 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2018056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Siamese shield leech Placobdelloides siamensis (Oka, 1917) Sawyer, 1986 (Euhirudinea: Glossiphoniidae) was collected from five new host species, Southeastern Asian Box Turtle (Cuora amboinensis), Yellow-headed Temple Turtle (Heosemys annandalii), Malayan Snail-eating Turtle (Malayemys macrocephala), Mekong Snail-eating Turtle (M. subtrijuga), and Khorat Snail-eating Turtle (M. khoratensis) and was found for the first time in Udon Thani, Thailand. Examination of live leeches provided, for the first time, data on coloration and the combination of parental care behavior, both carrying cocoons and attaching cocoons to the substrate. This species was separated from its congeners based on the following characters: one pair of eyes; spines at proboscis subterminal; mouth terminal on oral sucker; absent plaque in neck region; gonopores located in furrow and separated by two annuli; distinctly triannulated mid-body segments; crop with seven pairs and branched caeca; caudal sucker slightly over half of maximum body width; and strongly dorsal papillae. Phylogenetic relationships based on the COI and ND1 genes were clarified and demonstrated that the species is distinct from others. The original description was amended and the taxonomic history is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krittiya Chiangkul
-
Animal Systematics and Ecology Speciality Research Unit, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University 50 Ngam Wong Wan Road Chatuchak Bangkok
10900 Thailand
| | - Poramad Trivalairat
-
Animal Systematics and Ecology Speciality Research Unit, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University 50 Ngam Wong Wan Road Chatuchak Bangkok
10900 Thailand
| | - Watchariya Purivirojkul
-
Animal Systematics and Ecology Speciality Research Unit, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University 50 Ngam Wong Wan Road Chatuchak Bangkok
10900 Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Klass AL, Sokolova SE, Kondakov AV, Bespalaya YV, Gofarov MY, Tomilova AA, Vikhrev IV, Bolotov IN. An example of a possible leech-bryozoan association in freshwater. Zookeys 2018:23-30. [PMID: 30416338 PMCID: PMC6224368 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.794.28088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Associations of various invertebrate species with bryozoans and sponges are a well-known marine phenomenon but such epizooic communities are far less diverse in freshwater environments. Here an occurrence of numerous leeches Alboglossiphoniacf.papillosa (Braun, 1805), in interstitial spaces between zooids of a colony of the freshwater bryozoan species Plumatellaaff.fungosa (Pallas, 1768) in Eastern Siberia is described. To the best of our knowledge, this record appears to be the first known example of a leech-bryozoan association, although such relationships deserve further research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna L Klass
- Northern Arctic Federal University, Arkhangelsk, Russia.,N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arkhangelsk, Russia
| | - Svetlana E Sokolova
- N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arkhangelsk, Russia
| | - Alexander V Kondakov
- Northern Arctic Federal University, Arkhangelsk, Russia.,N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arkhangelsk, Russia
| | - Yulia V Bespalaya
- Northern Arctic Federal University, Arkhangelsk, Russia.,N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arkhangelsk, Russia
| | - Mikhail Yu Gofarov
- Northern Arctic Federal University, Arkhangelsk, Russia.,N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arkhangelsk, Russia
| | - Alena A Tomilova
- N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arkhangelsk, Russia
| | - Ilya V Vikhrev
- Northern Arctic Federal University, Arkhangelsk, Russia.,N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arkhangelsk, Russia
| | - Ivan N Bolotov
- Northern Arctic Federal University, Arkhangelsk, Russia.,N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arkhangelsk, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Cortelezzi A, Gullo BS, Simoy MV, Cepeda RE, Marinelli CB, Rodrigues Capítulo A, Berkunsky I. Assessing the sensitivity of leeches as indicators of water quality. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 624:1244-1249. [PMID: 29929237 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this work was assessing the sensitivity of leeches to several water quality attributes in lowlands streams. We used occupancy modelling that account explicitly for detectability, to estimate the influence of four variables (dissolved oxygen, 5-days biochemicals oxygen demand, conductivity, and dissolved inorganic nitrogen) affecting nine species. We described the sensitivity as a change in the occupancy along the range of water quality attributes. We found at least one species of Helobdella in 81% of sites and Helobdella, as genus, was detected along the entire gradient of each attribute. However, differences in the sensitivity were observed between species. For example, if we analyse the sensitivity of the genus Helobdella to dissolved oxygen, we can say that it is very tolerant. However, if we analyse the response to dissolved oxygen of each one of the species of Helobdella, we will realize that H. michaelseni, and H. simplex showed a high occupancy at high levels of dissolved oxygen; while H. hyalina and H. triserialis lineata showed high occupancy at low levels. Describe the sensitivity of the species in terms of occupancy, offers a new methodology to understand how the species behave along a stressor gradient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agustina Cortelezzi
- Instituto Multidisciplinario sobre Ecosistemas y Desarrollo Sustentable, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Campus Universitario, Paraje Arroyo Seco s/n, Tandil (7000) Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Bettina S Gullo
- Cátedra Zoología Invertebrados I. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Edificio Anexo Laboratorios del Museo, 122 y 60 (1900) La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María V Simoy
- Instituto Multidisciplinario sobre Ecosistemas y Desarrollo Sustentable, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Campus Universitario, Paraje Arroyo Seco s/n, Tandil (7000) Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rosana E Cepeda
- Instituto Multidisciplinario sobre Ecosistemas y Desarrollo Sustentable, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Campus Universitario, Paraje Arroyo Seco s/n, Tandil (7000) Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claudia B Marinelli
- Instituto Multidisciplinario sobre Ecosistemas y Desarrollo Sustentable, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Campus Universitario, Paraje Arroyo Seco s/n, Tandil (7000) Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Igor Berkunsky
- Instituto Multidisciplinario sobre Ecosistemas y Desarrollo Sustentable, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Campus Universitario, Paraje Arroyo Seco s/n, Tandil (7000) Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Langer SV, Vezsenyi KA, de Carle D, Beresford DV, Kvist S. Leeches (Annelida: Hirudinea) from the far north of Ontario: distribution, diversity, and diagnostics. CAN J ZOOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2017-0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Leeches have a worldwide distribution, yet numerous geographical regions remain to be adequately surveyed. Here, we present leech species records for one of these regions: the far north of Ontario, Canada. This region is primarily wetland habitat and includes two of Ontario’s three ecozones. Morphological examinations, as well as a single instance of successful DNA amplification with subsequent molecular identification, allowed us to identify representatives of 12 species from two predatory families (Erpobdellidae and Haemopidae) and one parasitic family (Glossiphoniidae) among samples of 130 individuals. To provide a more inclusive list of species records for this remote region, our data were also augmented by 25 largely unpublished collection records (for 102 individuals) from the Canadian Museum of Nature, which revealed the presence of an additional species. We comment on finds of particular interest in our sampling with comparison to relevant literature and provide new distribution data for these species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah V. Langer
- Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada
| | - Kathryn A. Vezsenyi
- Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada
| | - Danielle de Carle
- Department of Natural History, Royal Ontario Museum, 100 Queen’s Park, Toronto, ON M5S 2C6, Canada
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - David V. Beresford
- Biology Department, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada
| | - Sebastian Kvist
- Department of Natural History, Royal Ontario Museum, 100 Queen’s Park, Toronto, ON M5S 2C6, Canada
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Medina Jiménez BI, Kwak HJ, Park JS, Kim JW, Cho SJ. Developmental biology and potential use of Alboglossiphonia lata (Annelida: Hirudinea) as an "Evo-Devo" model organism. Front Zool 2017; 14:60. [PMID: 29299039 PMCID: PMC5745604 DOI: 10.1186/s12983-017-0240-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The need for the adaptation of species of annelids as "Evo-Devo" model organisms of the superphylum Lophotrochozoa to refine the understanding of the phylogenetic relationships between bilaterian organisms, has promoted an increase in the studies dealing with embryonic development among related species such as leeches from the Glossiphoniidae family. The present study aims to describe the embryogenesis of Alboglossiphonia lata (Oka, 1910), a freshwater glossiphoniid leech, chiefly distributed in East Asia, and validate standard molecular biology techniques to support the use of this species as an additional model for "Evo-Devo" studies. RESULTS A. lata undergoes direct development, and follows the highly conserved clitellate annelid mode of spiral cleavage development; the duration from the egg laying to the juvenile stage is ~7.5 days, and it is iteroparous, indicating that it feeds and deposits eggs again after the first round of brooding, as described in several other glossiphoniid leech species studied to date. The embryos hatch only after complete organ development and proboscis retraction, which has not yet been observed in other glossiphoniid genera. The phylogenetic position of A. lata within the Glossiphoniidae family has been confirmed using cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (CO1) sequencing. Lineage tracer injections confirmed the fates of the presumptive meso- and ectodermal precursors, and immunostaining showed the formation of the ventral nerve system during later stages of development. Further, the spatiotemporal expression of an EF-hand calcium-binding protein Calsensin ortholog was characterized, which showed a specific pattern in both the ventral and peripheral nervous systems during the later stages. CONCLUSIONS Our description of the embryonic development of A. lata under laboratory conditions provides new data for further comparative studies with other leech and lophotrochozoa model organisms. Moreover, it offers a basis for the establishment of this species as a model for future "Evo-Devo" studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Irene Medina Jiménez
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644 Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jin Kwak
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644 Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Seok Park
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644 Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Woong Kim
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974 Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Jin Cho
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644 Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Phylogenetic analysis of Placobdella (Hirudinea: Rhynchobdellida: Glossiphoniidae) with consideration of COI variation. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2017; 114:234-248. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2017.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
27
|
Beresic-Perrins RK, Govedich FR, Banister K, Bonnie A Bain, Rose D, Shuster SM. Helobdella blinni sp. n. (Hirudinida, Glossiphoniidae) a new species inhabiting Montezuma Well, Arizona, USA. Zookeys 2017:137-155. [PMID: 28769606 PMCID: PMC5539370 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.661.9728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A new leech species Helobdellablinnisp. n., is described from Montezuma Well, an isolated travertine spring mound located in central Arizona, USA. In its native habitat, Helobdellablinni had been previously identified as Helobdellastagnalis (Linnaeus, 1758), which was later reclassified to Helobdellamodesta (Verrill, 1872). Similar to the European Helobdellastagnalis and North American Helobdellamodesta, Helobdellablinni has six pairs of testisacs, five pairs of smooth crop caecae, one lobed pair of posteriorly-directed crop caecae, one pair of eyes, a nuchal scute, and diffuse salivary glands. However, the pigmentation of this new species ranges from light to dark brown, unlike Helobdellamodesta which tends to be light grey in color. Also, Helobdellamodesta produces a clutch of 12-–35 pink eggs, whereas Helobdellablinni produces smaller clutches of white eggs (7–14, 0.5 ± 0.15 mm, N = 7) and consequently broods fewer young (1–14, 7 ± 3.3 mm, N = 97). Helobdellablinni are also able to breed year-round due to the constant warm water conditions in Montezuma Well. Their breeding season is not restricted by seasonal temperatures. These species are morphologically similar, however, comparing the COI mtDNA sequences of Helobdellablinni with sequences from nearby populations of Helobdellamodesta and other Helobdella species from GenBank indicate that Helobdellablinni is genetically distinct from these other Helobdella populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca K Beresic-Perrins
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, 617 S. Beaver St., PO Box 5640 Flagstaff, AZ, 86011-5640
| | - Fredric R Govedich
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Utah University, 351 W. University Blvd. Cedar City, UT, 84720
| | - Kelsey Banister
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, 617 S. Beaver St., PO Box 5640 Flagstaff, AZ, 86011-5640
| | - Bonnie A Bain
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Utah University, 351 W. University Blvd. Cedar City, UT, 84720
| | - Devin Rose
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, 617 S. Beaver St., PO Box 5640 Flagstaff, AZ, 86011-5640
| | - Stephen M Shuster
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, 617 S. Beaver St., PO Box 5640 Flagstaff, AZ, 86011-5640
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Nakano T. Diversity of Leeches from Japan: Recent Progress in Macrophagous and Blood-Feeding Taxa. SPECIES DIVERSITY OF ANIMALS IN JAPAN 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-4-431-56432-4_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
29
|
Ostrovsky AN, Lidgard S, Gordon DP, Schwaha T, Genikhovich G, Ereskovsky AV. Matrotrophy and placentation in invertebrates: a new paradigm. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2016; 91:673-711. [PMID: 25925633 PMCID: PMC5098176 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Matrotrophy, the continuous extra-vitelline supply of nutrients from the parent to the progeny during gestation, is one of the masterpieces of nature, contributing to offspring fitness and often correlated with evolutionary diversification. The most elaborate form of matrotrophy-placentotrophy-is well known for its broad occurrence among vertebrates, but the comparative distribution and structural diversity of matrotrophic expression among invertebrates is wanting. In the first comprehensive analysis of matrotrophy across the animal kingdom, we report that regardless of the degree of expression, it is established or inferred in at least 21 of 34 animal phyla, significantly exceeding previous accounts and changing the old paradigm that these phenomena are infrequent among invertebrates. In 10 phyla, matrotrophy is represented by only one or a few species, whereas in 11 it is either not uncommon or widespread and even pervasive. Among invertebrate phyla, Platyhelminthes, Arthropoda and Bryozoa dominate, with 162, 83 and 53 partly or wholly matrotrophic families, respectively. In comparison, Chordata has more than 220 families that include or consist entirely of matrotrophic species. We analysed the distribution of reproductive patterns among and within invertebrate phyla using recently published molecular phylogenies: matrotrophy has seemingly evolved at least 140 times in all major superclades: Parazoa and Eumetazoa, Radiata and Bilateria, Protostomia and Deuterostomia, Lophotrochozoa and Ecdysozoa. In Cycliophora and some Digenea, it may have evolved twice in the same life cycle. The provisioning of developing young is associated with almost all known types of incubation chambers, with matrotrophic viviparity more widespread (20 phyla) than brooding (10 phyla). In nine phyla, both matrotrophic incubation types are present. Matrotrophy is expressed in five nutritive modes, of which histotrophy and placentotrophy are most prevalent. Oophagy, embryophagy and histophagy are rarer, plausibly evolving through heterochronous development of the embryonic mouthparts and digestive system. During gestation, matrotrophic modes can shift, intergrade, and be performed simultaneously. Invertebrate matrotrophic adaptations are less complex structurally than in chordates, but they are more diverse, being formed either by a parent, embryo, or both. In a broad and still preliminary sense, there are indications of trends or grades of evolutionarily increasing complexity of nutritive structures: formation of (i) local zones of enhanced nutritional transport (placental analogues), including specialized parent-offspring cell complexes and various appendages increasing the entire secreting and absorbing surfaces as well as the contact surface between embryo and parent, (ii) compartmentalization of the common incubatory space into more compact and 'isolated' chambers with presumably more effective nutritional relationships, and (iii) internal secretory ('milk') glands. Some placental analogues in onychophorans and arthropods mimic the simplest placental variants in vertebrates, comprising striking examples of convergent evolution acting at all levels-positional, structural and physiological.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew N Ostrovsky
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaja nab. 7/9, 199034, Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Palaeontology, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Geography and Astronomy, Geozentrum, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Scott Lidgard
- Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 S. Lake Shore Dr., Chicago, IL, 60605, U.S.A
| | - Dennis P Gordon
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Private Bag 14901, Kilbirnie, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Thomas Schwaha
- Department of Integrative Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Grigory Genikhovich
- Department for Molecular Evolution and Development, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander V Ereskovsky
- Department of Embryology, Faculty of Biology, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaja nab. 7/9, 199034, Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie marine et continentale, Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, Avignon Université, Station marine d'Endoume, Chemin de la Batterie des Lions, 13007, Marseille, France
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Oceguera-Figueroa A, Manzano-Marín A, Kvist S, Moya A, Siddall ME, Latorre A. Comparative Mitogenomics of Leeches (Annelida: Clitellata): Genome Conservation and Placobdella-Specific trnD Gene Duplication. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155441. [PMID: 27176910 PMCID: PMC4866719 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA sequences, often in combination with nuclear markers and morphological data, are frequently used to unravel the phylogenetic relationships, population dynamics and biogeographic histories of a plethora of organisms. The information provided by examining complete mitochondrial genomes also enables investigation of other evolutionary events such as gene rearrangements, gene duplication and gene loss. Despite efforts to generate information to represent most of the currently recognized groups, some taxa are underrepresented in mitochondrial genomic databases. One such group is leeches (Annelida: Hirudinea: Clitellata). Herein, we expand our knowledge concerning leech mitochondrial makeup including gene arrangement, gene duplication and the evolution of mitochondrial genomes by adding newly sequenced mitochondrial genomes for three bloodfeeding species: Haementeria officinalis, Placobdella lamothei and Placobdella parasitica. With the inclusion of three new mitochondrial genomes of leeches, a better understanding of evolution for this organelle within the group is emerging. We found that gene order and genomic arrangement in the three new mitochondrial genomes is identical to previously sequenced members of Clitellata. Interestingly, within Placobdella, we recovered a genus-specific duplication of the trnD gene located between cox2 and atp8. We performed phylogenetic analyses using 12 protein-coding genes and expanded our taxon sampling by including GenBank sequences for 39 taxa; the analyses confirm the monophyletic status of Clitellata, yet disagree in several respects with other phylogenetic hypotheses based on morphology and analyses of non-mitochondrial data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Oceguera-Figueroa
- Laboratorio de Helmintología, Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
- Research Collaborator, Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Smithsonian Institution. National Museum of Natural History, Washington D. C., United States of America
| | - Alejandro Manzano-Marín
- Institut Cavanilles de Biodiversitat i Biologia Evolutiva, Universitat de València, Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46008, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sebastian Kvist
- Department of Natural History, Royal Ontario Museum, 100 Queen’s Park, Toronto, ON, M5S 2C6, Canada
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Andrés Moya
- Institut Cavanilles de Biodiversitat i Biologia Evolutiva, Universitat de València, Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46008, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
- Área de Genómica y Salud de la Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunidad Valenciana (FISABIO), Avenida de Catalunya 21, 46020, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mark E. Siddall
- Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY, 10024, United States of America
| | - Amparo Latorre
- Institut Cavanilles de Biodiversitat i Biologia Evolutiva, Universitat de València, Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46008, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
- Área de Genómica y Salud de la Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunidad Valenciana (FISABIO), Avenida de Catalunya 21, 46020, Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Marrone F, Sacco F, Kehlmaier C, Arizza V, Arculeo M. Some like it cold: the glossiphoniid parasites of the Sicilian endemic pond turtle Emys trinacris
(Testudines, Emydidae), an example of ‘parasite inertia’? J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Federico Marrone
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF); Università di Palermo; Palermo Italy
| | - Francesco Sacco
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF); Università di Palermo; Palermo Italy
| | - Christian Kehlmaier
- Senckenberg Dresden; Museum of Zoology (Museum für Tierkunde); Dresden Germany
| | - Vincenzo Arizza
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF); Università di Palermo; Palermo Italy
| | - Marco Arculeo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF); Università di Palermo; Palermo Italy
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Kutschera U, Weisblat DA. Leeches of the genus Helobdella as model organisms for Evo-Devo studies. Theory Biosci 2015; 134:93-104. [PMID: 26596996 DOI: 10.1007/s12064-015-0216-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Model organisms are important tools in modern biology and have been used elucidate mechanism underlying processes, such as development, heredity, neuronal signaling, and phototropism, to name but a few. In this context, the use of model organisms is predicated on uncovering evolutionarily conserved features of biological processes in the expectation that the findings will be applicable to organisms that are either inaccessible or intractable for direct experimentation. For the most part, particular species have been adapted as model organisms because they can be easily reared and manipulated in the laboratory. In contrast, a major goal in the field of evolutionary developmental biology (Evo-Devo) is to identify and elucidate the differences in developmental processes among species associated with the dramatic range of body plans among organisms, and how these differences have emerged over time in various branches of phylogeny. At first glance then, it would appear that the concept of model organisms for Evo-Devo is oxymoronic. In fact, however, laboratory-compatible, experimentally tractable species are of great use for Evo-Devo, subject to the condition that the ensemble of models investigated should reflect the range of taxonomic diversity, and for this purpose glossiphoniid leeches are useful. Four decades ago (1975), leeches of the species-rich genus Helobdella (Lophotrochozoa; Annelida; Clitellata; Hirudinida; Glossiphoniidae) were collected in Stow Lake, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, CA (USA). These and other Helobdella species may be taken as Evo-Devo models of leeches, clitellate annelids, and the super-phylum Lophotrochozoa. Here we depict/discuss the biology/taxonomy of these Evo-Devo systems, and the challenges of identifying species within Helobdella. In addition, we document that H. austinensis has been established as a new model organism that can easily be cultivated in the laboratory. Finally, we provide an updated scheme illustrating the unique germ line/soma-differentiation during early development and speculate on the mechanisms of sympatric speciation in this group of aquatic annelids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Kutschera
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3200, USA.
| | - David A Weisblat
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3200, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Siddall ME, Brugler MR, Kvist S. Comparative Transcriptomic Analyses of Three Species of Placobdella (Rhynchobdellida: Glossiphoniidae) Confirms a Single Origin of Blood Feeding in Leeches. J Parasitol 2015; 102:143-50. [PMID: 26535976 DOI: 10.1645/15-802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the recalcitrant questions regarding the evolutionary history of clitellate annelids involves the feeding preference of the common ancestor of extant rhynchobdellid (proboscis bearing) and arhynchobdellid (jaw bearing) leeches. Whereas early evidence, based on morphological data, pointed towards independent acquisitions of blood feeding in the 2 orders, molecular-based phylogenetic data suggest that the ancestor of modern leeches was a sanguivore. Here, we use a comparative transcriptomic approach in order to increase our understanding of the diversity of anticoagulation factors for 3 species of the genus Placobdella, for which comparative data have been lacking, and inspect these in light of archetypal anticoagulant data for both arhynchobdellid and other rhynchobdellid species. Notwithstanding the varying levels of host specificity displayed by the 3 different species of Placobdella, transcriptomic profiles with respect to anticoagulation factors were largely similar -this despite the fact that Placobdella kwetlumye only retains a single pair of salivary glands, as opposed to the 2 pairs more common in the genus. Results show that 9 different anticoagulant proteins and an additional 5 putative antihemostasis proteins are expressed in salivary secretions of the 3 species. In particular, an ortholog of the archetypal, single-copy, anticoagulant hirudin (not previously available as comparative data for rhynchobdellids) is present in at least 2 of 3 species examined, corroborating the notion of a single origin of blood feeding in the ancestral leech.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark E Siddall
- Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics, and Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, New York 10024
| | - Mercer R Brugler
- Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics, and Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, New York 10024
| | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Reyes-Prieto M, Oceguera-Figueroa A, Snell S, Negredo A, Barba E, Fernández L, Moya A, Latorre A. DNA barcodes reveal the presence of the introduced freshwater leech Helobdella europaea in Spain. MITOCHONDRIAL DNA 2014; 25:387-93. [PMID: 23885897 DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2013.809426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Abstract We report the finding of the freshwater leech Helobdella europaea in Spain for the first time. Three leech specimens were found attached to the European pond turtle Emys orbicularis. Helobdella europaea is not a blood feeder and, like all members of the genus, feeds on the hemolymph of aquatic invertebrates including snails and worms. Despite the fact that the original geographical distribution or source population of this species is unknown, the close relationship between H. europaea and leeches of the "triserialis" series (sensu Sawyer, 1986) suggests a New World origin. Given its ability to invade and persist in new environments, this leech has been described as a new species by local taxonomists resulting in some nomenclatural problems. The presence of this introduced organism in Spain may represent serious obstacles to the current efforts to preserve endemic fauna and the potential negative impacts of this species in European environments should be investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Reyes-Prieto
- Laboratorio de Genética Evolutiva, Instituto Cavanilles de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, Universidad de Valencia , Paterna, Valencia , Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Miserendino ML, Gullo BS. Occurrence of Hirudinea species in a post urban reach of a Patagonian mountain stream. IHERINGIA. SERIE ZOOLOGIA 2014. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-476620141043308313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Temporal (May 2005 to February 2006) and habitat distribution (pools and riffles) of Hirudinea species was analyzed at a post urban reach from Esquel stream (Chubut province, Patagonia, Argentina). Site was located 5.7 km downstream a Waste Treatment Plant. Mean values of nutrients: ammonia, nitrates and soluble reactive phosphate, as well water conductivity, turbidity and total suspended solids indicated physical and organic pollution. Leeches assemblage was composed by the glossiphonids: Helobdella scutifera Blanchard, 1900, H. michaelseni (Blanchard, 1900), H. simplex (Moore, 1911), Helobdella sp., H. hyalina Ringuelet, 1942, H. obscura Ringuelet, 1942 and the semiscolecid Patagoniobdella variabilis (Blanchard, 1900). From these H. hyalina and H. obscura are new records for Chubut province. Helobdella hyalina (810 ind.m-2) and H. simplex (465 ind. m-2) clearly dominated the assemblage at the reach. Only H. simplex displayed a spatial preference being significantly more abundant in pools than in riffle habitats (p<0.001). Species recruitment occurred mostly at September, December and March when juveniles were very abundant. Although several species of Helobdella were able to live in the disturbed section of the stream, only H. simplex and H. hyalina sustained large populations at the site and can be considered as tolerant to organic enrichment. This information is valuable to future studies on stream condition assessment in mountainous areas in Patagonia, and in other areas in which these species are present.
Collapse
|
36
|
Moser WE, Bowerman J, Hovingh P, Pearl CA, Oceguera-Figueroa A. New Host and Distribution Records of the LeechPlacobdella sophieaeOceguera-Figueroa et al., 2010 (Hirudinida: Glossiphoniidae). COMP PARASITOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1654/4678.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
37
|
Siddall ME, Rood-Goldman R, Barrio A, Barboutis C. The Eyes Have It: Long-Distance Dispersal by an Intraorbital Leech Parasite of Birds. J Parasitol 2013; 99:1137-9. [DOI: 10.1645/12-172.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
|
38
|
Kutschera U, Langguth H, Kuo DH, Weisblat DA, Shankland M. Description of a new leech species from North America,Helobdella austinensisn. sp. (Hirudinea: Glossiphoniidae), with observations on its feeding behaviour. ZOOSYST EVOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/zoos.201300010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
|
39
|
Garcés-Restrepo MF, Giraldo A, Carr JL, Brown LD. Turtle ectoparasites from the Pacific coastal region of Colombia. BIOTA NEOTROPICA 2013. [DOI: 10.1590/s1676-06032013000300009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study provides an update on the ectoparasites (ticks and leeches) associated with Rhinoclemmys annulata and provides new accounts on the ectoparasites associated with R. nasuta, R. melanosterna andKinosternon leucostomum from the Pacific coast of Colombia. The presence ofAmblyomma sabanerae on R. nasuta and R. melanosterna provided two new host records for the tick species. Also, the documentation ofA. sabanerae from the Department of Valle del Cauca represents a new department record for the species in Colombia. Placobdella ringueleti was identified fromR. nasuta and K. leucostomum, which represents a new host record for the leech species, as well as a significant extension of the known range.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - John L. Carr
- Universidad del Valle – UNIVALLE, Colombia; University of Louisiana at Monroe – ULM, United States of America
| | - Lisa D. Brown
- University of Louisiana at Monroe – ULM, United States of America; Louisiana State University – LSU, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Bahmani M, Rasouli M, Parsaei P, Bahnihabib E, Saki K, Ghotbian F. Limnatis nilotica infestation in ram and kid in Dehloran city, Ilam province, west of Iran. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF TROPICAL DISEASE 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s2222-1808(13)60061-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
41
|
Kvist S, Min GS, Siddall ME. Diversity and selective pressures of anticoagulants in three medicinal leeches (Hirudinida: Hirudinidae, Macrobdellidae). Ecol Evol 2013; 3:918-33. [PMID: 23610634 PMCID: PMC3631404 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Revised: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Although medicinal leeches have long been used as treatment for various ailments because of their potent anticoagulation factors, neither the full diversity of salivary components that inhibit coagulation, nor the evolutionary selection acting on them has been thoroughly investigated. Here, we constructed expressed sequence tag libraries from salivary glands of two species of medicinal hirudinoid leeches, Hirudo verbana and Aliolimnatis fenestrata, and identified anticoagulant-orthologs through BLASTx searches. The data set then was augmented by the addition of a previously constructed EST library from the macrobdelloid leech Macrobdella decora. The identified orthologs then were compared and contrasted with well-characterized anticoagulants from a variety of leeches with different feeding habits, including non-sanguivorous species. Moreover, four different statistical methods for predicting signatures of positive and negative evolutionary pressures were used for 10 rounds each to assess the level and type of selection acting on the molecules as a whole and on specific sites. In total, sequences showing putative BLASTx-orthology with five and three anticoagulant-families were recovered in the A. fenestrata and H. verbana EST libraries respectively. Selection pressure analyses predicted high levels of purifying selection across the anticoagulant diversity, although a few isolated sites showed signatures of positive selection. This study represents a first attempt at mapping the anticoagulant repertoires in a comparative fashion across several leech families.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Kvist
- Richard Gilder Graduate School, American Museum of Natural History Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY 10024, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Richardson DJ, Moser WE, Richardson KE, Hammond CI, Lazo-Wasem E. New Host and Geographic Distribution Records for the Fish Leeches Placobdella translucens (Sawyer and Shelley, 1976) and Myzobdella reducta (Meyer, 1940) (Hirudinida). COMP PARASITOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1654/4578.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
43
|
Coexistence of Placobdella costata (Fr. Müller, 1846) (Hirudinida: Glossiphoniidae) and mud turtle Emys orbicularis. Biologia (Bratisl) 2012. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-012-0069-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
44
|
Genetic variation and species identification among selected leeches (Hirudinea) revealed by RAPD markers. Biologia (Bratisl) 2012. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-012-0063-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
45
|
Oceguera-Figueroa A, Barrio AK, Aldea-Guevara MI, Siddall ME. Evaluation of the evolution of jaw morphology in New World hirudiniform leeches, with a description of a new blood-feeding species of Oxyptychus (Annelida:Hirudiniformes) from the Peruvian Amazon. INVERTEBR SYST 2012. [DOI: 10.1071/is11005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Morphological characters of well-established taxonomic utility are infrequently examined for their relative phylogenetic consistency. Second only to characters of reproductive anatomy, jaw morphology and dentition commonly are employed as diagnostic characters for hirudiniform leeches, yet these features are highly variable across the group. Patterns of change were investigated for number of jaws and number of denticles per jaw in a phylogenetic context across 17 hirudiniform leeches representing three families. Phylogeny reconstruction employed 16 morphological characters, as well as two nuclear and two mitochondrial loci, and was evaluated with parsimony and likelihood. Rather than constrain the ancestral number of denticles to extant states, this meristic was optimised with squared-change parsimony. The degree to which dentition patterns were explained by phylogenetic relationships was assessed against a null distribution defined by permutation of extant states across terminals. Dentition was found to be non-randomly explained by phylogeny and, thus, corroborative of relationships among hirudiniform leeches as well as of the uniqueness of a new species of Oxyptychus described here from the Peruvian Amazon.
Collapse
|
46
|
Kvist S, Narechania A, Oceguera-Figueroa A, Fuks B, Siddall ME. Phylogenomics of Reichenowia parasitica, an alphaproteobacterial endosymbiont of the freshwater leech Placobdella parasitica. PLoS One 2011; 6:e28192. [PMID: 22132238 PMCID: PMC3223239 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0028192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2011] [Accepted: 11/02/2011] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Although several commensal alphaproteobacteria form close relationships with plant hosts where they aid in (e.g.,) nitrogen fixation and nodulation, only a few inhabit animal hosts. Among these, Reichenowia picta, R. ornata and R. parasitica, are currently the only known mutualistic, alphaproteobacterial endosymbionts to inhabit leeches. These bacteria are harbored in the epithelial cells of the mycetomal structures of their freshwater leech hosts, Placobdella spp., and these structures have no other obvious function than housing bacterial symbionts. However, the function of the bacterial symbionts has remained unclear. Here, we focused both on exploring the genomic makeup of R. parasitica and on performing a robust phylogenetic analysis, based on more data than previous hypotheses, to test its position among related bacteria. We sequenced a combined pool of host and symbiont DNA from 36 pairs of mycetomes and performed an in silico separation of the different DNA pools through subtractive scaffolding. The bacterial contigs were compared to 50 annotated bacterial genomes and the genome of the freshwater leech Helobdella robusta using a BLASTn protocol. Further, amino acid sequences inferred from the contigs were used as queries against the 50 bacterial genomes to establish orthology. A total of 358 orthologous genes were used for the phylogenetic analyses. In part, results suggest that R. parasitica possesses genes coding for proteins related to nitrogen fixation, iron/vitamin B translocation and plasmid survival. Our results also indicate that R. parasitica interacts with its host in part by transmembrane signaling and that several of its genes show orthology across Rhizobiaceae. The phylogenetic analyses support the nesting of R. parasitica within the Rhizobiaceae, as sister to a group containing Agrobacterium and Rhizobium species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Kvist
- Richard Gilder Graduate School, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York, United States of America
- Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Apurva Narechania
- Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Alejandro Oceguera-Figueroa
- Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Biology, The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Bella Fuks
- Long Island University Brooklyn Campus, Brooklyn, New York, United States of America
| | - Mark E. Siddall
- Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York, United States of America
- Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Molecular phylogeny of the New World bloodfeeding leeches of the genus Haementeria and reconsideration of the biannulate genus Oligobdella. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2011; 62:508-14. [PMID: 22100824 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2011.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2011] [Revised: 10/15/2011] [Accepted: 10/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The phylogenetic relationships of species of the New World bloodfeeding genus Haementeria were investigated for the first time. The analysis included five molecular markers. The mitochondrial COI, 12S and ND1 as well as the nuclear 28S and ITS. The evolutionary history of the group was investigated through Maximum Parsimony and Bayesian Inference. Both phylogenetic methods resulted in highly congruent hypotheses. The correlation between the phylogeny and morphological traits such as eyespot number, annulation, Lang's organs, salivary glands, bacteriomes and reproductive organs is discussed. Restricted to Haementeria are Lang's organs, spherical bacteriomes and ovaries forming an anterior ring around the ventral nerve cord. In addition, Oligobdella brasilensis was formally transferred to Haementeria, providing additional arguments for the disposal of the genus Oligobdella. Haementeria gracilis is shown to be just a junior synonym of Haementeria depressa as suggested by previous authors. Finally, the geographical distribution of species of Haementeria was compared with that of other non-leech and leech taxa. Multiple events of South-North American interchange were proposed to explain the current geographical distribution of the species of Haementeria.
Collapse
|
48
|
Batracobdelloides moogi Nesemann et Csányi, 1995 (Hirudinida: Glossiphoniidae): Morphometry and structure of the alimentary tract and reproductive system. Biologia (Bratisl) 2011. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-011-0100-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
49
|
Abstract
The evolutionary history of leeches is employed as a general framework for understanding more than merely the systematics of this charismatic group of annelid worms, and serves as a basis for understanding blood-feeding related correlates ranging from the specifics of gut-associated bacterial symbionts to salivary anticoagulant peptides. A variety of medicinal leech families were examined for intraluminal crop bacterial symbionts. Species of Aeromonas and Bacteroidetes were characterized with DNA gyrase B and 16S rDNA. Bacteroidetes isolates were found to be much more phylogenetically diverse and suggested stronger evidence of phylogenetic correlation than the gammaproteobacteria. Patterns that look like co-speciation with limited taxon sampling do not in the full context of phylogeny. Bioactive compounds that are expressed as gene products, like those in leech salivary glands, have 'passed the test' of evolutionary selection. We produced and bioinformatically mined salivary gland EST libraries across medicinal leech lineages to experimentally and statistically evaluate whether evolutionary selection on peptides can identify structure-function activities of known therapeutically relevant bioactive compounds like antithrombin, hirudin and antistasin. The combined information content of a well corroborated leech phylogeny and broad taxonomic coverage of expressed proteins leads to a rich understanding of evolution and function in leech history.
Collapse
|
50
|
Oceguera-Figueroa A, León-Règagnon V, Siddall ME. DNA barcoding reveals Mexican diversity within the freshwater leech genus Helobdella (Annelida: Glossiphoniidae). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 21 Suppl 1:24-9. [PMID: 21271855 DOI: 10.3109/19401736.2010.527965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the genetic distances and taxonomic status among species of Helobdella, a genus of non-blood-feeding leeches, based on mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I sequences. Sampling included 20 specimens representing nine nominal species collected in 11 states in Mexico as well as previously published sequences of different species of Helobdella from several places. A neighbor-joining tree, as well as identification of diagnostic nucleotides, was used to suggest the presence of seven species of Helobdella in Mexico including potentially two undescribed forms.
Collapse
|