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Pandey AN, Yadav PK, Premkumar KV, Tiwari M, Pandey AK, Chaube SK. Reactive oxygen species signalling in the deterioration of quality of mammalian oocytes cultured in vitro: Protective effect of antioxidants. Cell Signal 2024; 117:111103. [PMID: 38367792 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
The in vitro fertilization (IVF) is the first choice of infertile couples worldwide to plan for conception. Besides having a significant advancement in IVF procedure, the success rate is still poor. Although several approaches have been tested to improve IVF protocol, minor changes in culture conditions, physical factors and/or drug treatment generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) in oocytes. Due to large size and huge number of mitochondria, oocyte is more susceptible towards ROS-mediated signalling under in vitro culture conditions. Elevation of ROS levels destabilize maturation promoting factor (MPF) that results in meiotic exit from diplotene as well as metaphase-II (M-II) arrest in vitro. Once meiotic exit occurs, these oocytes get further arrested at metaphase-I (M-I) stage or metaphase-III (M-III)-like stage under in vitro culture conditions. The M-I as well as M-III arrested oocytes are not fit for fertilization and limits IVF outcome. Further, the generation of excess levels of ROS cause oxidative stress (OS) that initiate downstream signalling to initiate various death pathways such as apoptosis, autophagy, necroptosis and deteriorates oocyte quality under in vitro culture conditions. The increase of cellular enzymatic antioxidants and/or supplementation of exogenous antioxidants in culture medium protect ROS-induced deterioration of oocyte quality in vitro. Although a growing body of evidence suggests the ROS and OS-mediated deterioration of oocyte quality in vitro, their downstream signalling and related mechanisms remain poorly understood. Hence, this review article summarizes the existing evidences concerning ROS and OS-mediated downstream signalling during deterioration of oocyte quality in vitro. The use of various antioxidants against ROS and OS-mediated impairment of oocyte quality in vitro has also been explored in order to increase the success rate of IVF during assisted reproductive health management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh N Pandey
- Cell Physiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Pramod K Yadav
- Cell Physiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Karuppanan V Premkumar
- Cell Physiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Meenakshi Tiwari
- Cell Physiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Ajai K Pandey
- Department of Kayachikitsa, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Shail K Chaube
- Cell Physiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
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2
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Zhu Y, Liu H, Zheng L, Luo Y, Zhou G, Li J, Hou Y, Fu X. Vitrification of Mammalian Oocytes: Recent Studies on Mitochondrial Dysfunction. Biopreserv Biobank 2024. [PMID: 38227396 DOI: 10.1089/bio.2023.0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Vitrification of reproductive cells is definitely essential and integral in animal breeding, as well as in assisted reproduction. However, issues accompanied with this technology such as decreased oocyte competency and relatively low embryo survival rates appear to be a tough conundrum that has long perplexed us. As significant organelles in cell metabolism, mitochondria play pivotal roles in numerous pathways. Nonetheless, extensive evidence has demonstrated that vitrification can seriously impair mitochondrial function in mammalian oocytes. Thus, in this article, we summarize the current progress in oocyte vitrification and particularly outline the common mitochondrial abnormalities alongside subsequent injury cascades seen in mammalian oocytes following vitrification. Based on existing literature, we tentatively come up with the potential mechanisms related to mitochondrial dysfunction and generalize efficacious ways which have been recommended to restore mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the MARA, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Hongyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the MARA, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Lv Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the MARA, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yuwen Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Guizhen Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the MARA, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Reproductive Medical Center, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yunpeng Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangwei Fu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the MARA, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
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3
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Chen Y, Yang J, Zhang L. The Impact of Follicular Fluid Oxidative Stress Levels on the Outcomes of Assisted Reproductive Therapy. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:2117. [PMID: 38136236 PMCID: PMC10740420 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12122117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Oocyte quality is a pivotal determinant of assisted reproductive outcomes. The quality of oocytes is intricately linked to their developmental microenvironment, particularly the levels of oxidative stress within the follicular fluid. Oxidative stress levels in follicular fluid may have a substantial influence on oocyte health, thereby impacting the outcomes of ART procedures. This review meticulously explores the intricate relationship between oxidative stress in follicular fluid and ART outcomes. Furthermore, it delves into strategies aimed at ameliorating the oxidative stress status of follicular fluid, with the overarching goal of enhancing the overall efficacy of ART. This research endeavors to establish a robust foundation and provide valuable guidance for clinical treatment approaches, particularly in the context of infertile women, including those of advanced maternal age.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ling Zhang
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, China; (Y.C.); (J.Y.)
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4
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Current JZ, Mentler M, Whitaker BD. Linoleic and linolenic acids reduce the effects of heat stress-induced damage in pig oocytes during maturation in vitro. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2022; 58:599-609. [PMID: 35925447 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-022-00708-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Elevated environmental temperatures can induce heat stress which could reduce fertility and early embryonic development. Fatty acids can initiate an endergonic reaction that absorbs cellular heat and decreases intracellular temperature. This study's objective was to minimize heat stress-induced damage to in vitro matured oocytes by supplementing maturation media with either 50 μM linoleic or linolenic acid or both (25 or 50 μM) during maturation at either 38.5 or 41.5°C. Oocytes were evaluated for intracellular antioxidative pathways, fertilization characteristics, or early embryonic development. Elevated maturation temperatures increased (p < 0.05) reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and supplementation with linoleic or linolenic acid decreased (p < 0.05) ROS in oocytes matured at 41.5°C. Maturation temperature had an effect (p < 0.05) on the intracellular antioxidative pathways of the oocyte except for glutathione peroxidase activity. Regardless of maturation temperature, supplementation with linoleic or linolenic acid increased (p < 0.05) the enzyme activities and glutathione concentrations in the oocytes compared to no fatty acid supplementation. Supplementation of both linoleic and linolenic acid decreased (p < 0.05) polyspermic fertilization rates. Supplementing either 25 or 50 μM linoleic and linolenic acid to maturing oocytes at 41.5°C increased (p < 0.05) cleavage rates by 48 h after IVF and the blastocyst formation rates by 144 h after IVF compared to other treatments. Oocytes matured at 38.5°C had greater (p < 0.05) embryonic development than those matured at 41.5°C except for those supplemented with 50 μM linoleic and linolenic acid. Supplementing 50 μM linoleic and linolenic acid to the maturation medium of pig oocytes reduces the effects of heat stress-induced damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaelyn Z Current
- Department of Animal and Pre-Veterinary Studies, University of Findlay, 1000 North Main Street, Findlay, OH, 45840, USA
| | - Miranda Mentler
- Department of Animal and Pre-Veterinary Studies, University of Findlay, 1000 North Main Street, Findlay, OH, 45840, USA
| | - Brian D Whitaker
- Department of Animal and Pre-Veterinary Studies, University of Findlay, 1000 North Main Street, Findlay, OH, 45840, USA.
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Assessment of larval quality of two bivalve species, Crassostrea angulata and Chamelea gallina, exposed and cryopreserved with different cryoprotectant solutions. Cryobiology 2022; 106:24-31. [PMID: 35523313 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2022.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Marine bivalves are valuable resources, however, some shellfish populations are endangered due to factors such as anthropogenic pressure, pathologies or lack of reproduction synchrony. Portuguese oyster (Crassostrea angulata) and striped venus clam (Chamelea gallina) have high socio-economic value and their endangered natural populations require rehabilitation. Cryopreservation is a valuable method for the preservation and management of genetic resources for aquaculture and restocking. Larvae cryopreservation is particularly valuable since diploid organisms are obtained upon thawing. The objective of this work was the establishment of C. angulata and C. gallina D-larvae cryopreservation through the selection of permeant cryoprotectant in the freezing solution, namely ethylene glycol (EG) and dimethyl sulfoxide (Me2SO). Cryoprotectants exposure showed that, in C. angulata, Me2SO promoted significantly higher incidence of abnormalities and enhanced glutathione reductase activity when compared to control (larvae without cryoprotectant exposure) or even to EG treatment. However, for both species, EG significantly reduced D-larvae average path velocity (VAP). In C. angulata post-thaw D-larvae, EG treatment promoted significantly lower motility and velocity when compared to control and Me2SO treatment. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity showed a reduction in C. angulata post-thaw D-larvae when compared to control, which was compensated by the enhancement of glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity. In C. gallina post-thaw D-larvae, only motility, velocity and SOD activity were significantly lower than control. Therefore, the best treatment to cryopreserve C. angulata D-larvae was EG while for C. gallina Me2SO produced better results. This work established for the first time D-larvae cryopreservation protocols for C. angulata and C. gallina.
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Mateo-Otero Y, Yeste M, Damato A, Giaretta E. Cryopreservation and oxidative stress in porcine oocytes. Res Vet Sci 2021; 135:20-26. [PMID: 33418187 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Several vitrification protocols have been established for porcine oocytes so as to facilitate gene banking of female germplasm. Although live piglets have been successfully produced from pig oocytes vitrified at the germinal vesicle (GV) stage, the competence of vitrified oocytes to develop into the blastocyst stage is greatly compromised following cryopreservation. The focus of this review is to elucidate the impact of cryopreservation on the redox balance of pig oocytes, making special reference to the relevance of non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidant defences. Besides, the regulation of gene expression in response to oxidative stress is also considered. Finally, we discuss the effects of supplementing maturation and vitrification media with the exogenous non-enzymatic antioxidants that have hitherto yielded the most relevant results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yentel Mateo-Otero
- Biotechnology of Animal and Human Reproduction (TechnoSperm), Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology, University of Girona, E-17003 Girona, Spain; Unit of Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Girona, E-17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Marc Yeste
- Biotechnology of Animal and Human Reproduction (TechnoSperm), Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology, University of Girona, E-17003 Girona, Spain; Unit of Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Girona, E-17003 Girona, Spain.
| | - Anna Damato
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Elisa Giaretta
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Legnaro, PD, Italy.
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7
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Bahelka I, Stupka R, Čítek J, Šprysl M. The impact of bisphenols on reproductive system and on offspring in pigs - A review 2011-2020. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 263:128203. [PMID: 33297166 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study summarizes the knowledge about effects of bisphenol A (BPA) and its analogues on reproduction of pigs and some parameters of their offspring during period 2011-2020. Bisphenols are known as one of the most harmful environmental toxicants with endocrine-disrupting properties. One study in the reference period related to male reproductive system. Treatment with an antagonist of G-protein coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) - G15, and bisphenol A and its analogues, tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) and tetrachromobisphenol A (TCBPA) diversely disrupted protein molecules controlling the biogenesis and function of microRNA in Leydig cells. Nine studies examined the effect of BPA, bisphenol S (BPS) or fluorene-9-bisphenol (BHPF) on female reproductive system. From the possible protective effect's point of view seems to be perspective the administration of melatonin in BPA-exposed oocytes. Finally, two studies were found to evaluate the maternal exposure to BPA on offspring's meat quality, muscle metabolism and oxidative stress. Administration of methyl donor improved antioxidant enzymes activity and reduced oxidative stress in piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Bahelka
- Department of Animal Science, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 16500, Czech Republic.
| | - Roman Stupka
- Department of Animal Science, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 16500, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Čítek
- Department of Animal Science, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 16500, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Šprysl
- Department of Animal Science, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 16500, Czech Republic
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8
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Wu C, Zhang D, Zhang S, Sun L, Liu Y, Dai J. Effect of Rhodiola sachalinensis Aqueous Extract on In Vitro Maturation of Porcine Oocytes and Subsequent In Vitro Embryonic Development. Cell Reprogram 2020; 22:277-281. [PMID: 33124899 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2020.0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress can impede maturation of the nucleus and cytoplasm of oocytes during in vitro maturation (IVM). Rhodiola sachalinensis, an herb commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine, conveys antioxidative effects to cryopreserved bovine sperm. Therefore, the aims of this study were to evaluate the effects of different concentrations of R. sachalinensis aqueous extract (RSAE) on IVM and subsequent in vitro embryonic development after parthenogenetic activation (PA), in vitro fertilization (IVF), and somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). The results showed that RSAE supplementation (6 and 60 mg/L) significantly increased intracellular glutathione levels, but had no effect on maturation rates or reactive oxygen species. After in vitro culture, greater blastocyst formation was observed in PA embryos (6 mg/L RSAE), as well as in IVF and SCNT embryos (60 mg/L) matured in RSAE-supplemented IVM media. In conclusion, although there was no significant improvement in the maturation rate, RSAE supplementation conveyed an antioxidative effect during IVM, and improved subsequent embryonic development in vitro. Further studies are needed to explore gene expression pattern in oocytes and embryos treated with RSAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caifeng Wu
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Division of Animal Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Municipal Key Laboratory of Agri-Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai, China
| | - Defu Zhang
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Division of Animal Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Municipal Key Laboratory of Agri-Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai, China
| | - Shushan Zhang
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Division of Animal Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Municipal Key Laboratory of Agri-Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingwei Sun
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Division of Animal Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Municipal Key Laboratory of Agri-Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Animal, Dairy, Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
| | - Jianjun Dai
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Division of Animal Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Municipal Key Laboratory of Agri-Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai, China
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9
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Cyanidin improves oocyte maturation and the in vitro production of pig embryos. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2020; 56:577-584. [PMID: 32754855 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-020-00485-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to reduce the negative effects of oxidative stress by decreasing the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) through supplementation of the major antioxidants present in elderberries: kuromanin and cyanidin. Oocytes (n = 1150) were supplemented with 100 or 200 μM of kuromanin or cyanidin during maturation, and then evaluated for ROS levels or fertilized and evaluated for penetration, polyspermic penetration, male pronucleus formation, and embryonic development. The ROS levels and incidence of polyspermic penetration were lower (P < 0.05) in oocytes supplemented with 100 μM cyanidin when compared with other treatments. Supplementation of 100 μM cyanidin increased (P < 0.05) MPN and blastocyst formation compared with other treatments. However, supplementation of 100 μM kuromanin did not have significant effects on the criteria evaluated, and supplementation of 200 μM kuromanin had significant (P < 0.05) detrimental effects for each criterion. Additional oocytes (n = 1438) were supplemented with 100 μM cyanidin during maturation and evaluated for glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase activity. Supplementation of 100 μM cyanidin increased (P < 0.05) catalase activity and intracellular GSH levels compared with no supplementation of cyanidin. These results indicate that supplementing cyanidin during maturation reduces oxidative stress by reducing ROS levels and increasing GSH concentrations within the oocyte.
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Exposure of Triclosan in Porcine Oocyte Leads to Superoxide Production and Mitochondrial-Mediated Apoptosis During In Vitro Maturation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093050. [PMID: 32357484 PMCID: PMC7246582 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
While triclosan (TCS) exerts detrimental effects on female reproduction, the effect of TCS-derived toxins on porcine oocytes during in vitro maturation (IVM) is unclear. This study investigated the effects of TCS on mitochondrion-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and apoptosis pathways during porcine oocyte maturation. Porcine oocytes were treated with TCS (1, 10, and 100 μM) and triphenylphosphonium chloride (Mito-TEMPO; 0.1 μM), and matured cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs) were stained with orcein, dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCF-DA), and Mito-SOX. Proteins and mRNA levels of factors related to cumulus expansion and mitochondrion-mediated apoptosis and antioxidant enzymes were analyzed by western blotting and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), respectively. Meiotic maturation and cumulus cell expansion significantly decreased for COCs after TCS treatment along with an increase in mitochondrial superoxide levels at 44 h of IVM. Further, mitochondrion-related antioxidant enzymes and apoptosis markers were significantly elevated in porcine COCs following TCS-mediated oxidative damage. The protective effect of Mito-TEMPO as a specific superoxide scavenger from TCS toxin improved the maturation capacity of porcine COCs. Mito-TEMPO downregulated the mitochondrial apoptosis of TCS-exposed porcine COCs by reducing superoxide level. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that TCS mediates toxicity during porcine oocyte maturation through superoxide production and mitochondrion-mediated apoptosis.
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Wang J, Jia R, Zheng X, Liu R, Zong W. Superoxide dismutase response and the underlying molecular mechanism induced by iodoacetic acid. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 234:513-519. [PMID: 31229712 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.06.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Given the ubiquity of iodinated disinfection by-products (I-DBPs) in drinking water and their prominent toxicity, it is of vital significance to evaluate I-DBPs toxicity and explore the underlying mechanism. The toxicity of iodoacetic acid (IAA), a typical type of I-DBPs, might be linked with oxidative stress. However, it remains unknown for the response of antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the mouse primary hepatocytes when exposed to IAA and the underlying mechanism. This study explored SOD response to IAA and the underlying mechanisms at the molecular and cellular levels. Under IAA exposure, the observed increase of SOD activity in the hepatocytes was caused by the increase of SOD production via ROS stimulation and the increase of SOD molecular activity. Molecular experiments showed that IAA binds to SOD molecule mainly via electrostatic forces with one binding site around the active site and six binding sites in the surface of protein. The binding interaction leads to the conformational changes of SOD and the disruption of protein aggregates. This work could offer basic data for the comprehensive understanding of the adverse effects of IAA and references for assessing the harmful effects of DBPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, 30# Qingquan Road, Yantai, 264005, PR China.
| | - Rui Jia
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, 30# Qingquan Road, Yantai, 264005, PR China
| | - Xiaolin Zheng
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, 30# Qingquan Road, Yantai, 264005, PR China
| | - Rutao Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, China -America CRC for Environment & Health, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, PR China
| | - Wansong Zong
- College of Population, Resources and Environment, Shandong Normal University, 88# East Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250014, PR China
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12
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Wang J, Jia R, Zheng X, Sun Z, Liu R, Zong W. Drinking water disinfection byproduct iodoacetic acid interacts with catalase and induces cytotoxicity in mouse primary hepatocytes. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 210:824-830. [PMID: 30048934 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.07.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Disinfection byproducts (DBPs) are produced during the disinfection of drinking water and pose a hazard to human health. As a typical type of DBPs, iodoacetic acid (IAA) exhibits prominent cytotoxicity in mammalian cell systems which links with oxidative stress. However, little is known about the relationship of catalase (CAT) with the cytotoxicity of IAA and the adverse effects of IAA to CAT. This study investigated the effects of IAA on the cell viability and CAT activity in the mouse primary hepatocytes. It was shown that IAA exposure induced the loss of cell viability and the increase of intracellular CAT activity. Intracellular CAT activity significantly increased due to the stimulation of CAT production under IAA exposure. The molecular CAT activity was inhibited due to the direct interaction of IAA with HIS 74 and TYR 357 around the active sites of CAT. IAA binds to CAT with (4.05 ± 1.98) sites via van der Waals and hydrogen bonding interactions, resulting in the loosening of protein skeletons and the change of protein size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, 30# Qingquan Road, Yantai 264005, PR China.
| | - Rui Jia
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, 30# Qingquan Road, Yantai 264005, PR China
| | - Xiaolin Zheng
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University, 30# Qingquan Road, Yantai 264005, PR China
| | - Zhiqiang Sun
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, China -America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong Province, 27# Shanda South Road, Jinan, 250100, PR China
| | - Rutao Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, China -America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong Province, 27# Shanda South Road, Jinan, 250100, PR China
| | - Wansong Zong
- College of Population, Resources and Environment, Shandong Normal University, 88# East Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250014, PR China
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Melatonin Improves Oocyte Maturation and Mitochondrial Functions by Reducing Bisphenol A-Derived Superoxide in Porcine Oocytes In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113422. [PMID: 30384504 PMCID: PMC6274783 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is synthetic organic compound that exhibits estrogen-like properties and it induces mitochondrial superoxide production. Melatonin (Mela) protects against BPA-mediated cell damage and apoptosis. However, the antioxidative effects of Mela against BPA-induced superoxide production in porcine oocytes are still not known. In this study, we investigated the antioxidative effects of Mela against BPA-derived superoxide on oocyte maturation in pigs. To investigate the effects of the superoxide specific scavenger, Mito-TEMPO, on porcine oocyte maturation in response to BPA exposure apoptosis proteins, we treated the oocytes with Mito-TEMPO (0.1 µM) after pre-treating them with BPA (75 µM) for 22 h. As expected, the reduction in meiotic maturation and cumulus cell expansion of cumulus-oocyte-complexes (COCs) in the BPA (75 µM) treated group was recovered (p < 0.01) by treatment with Mito-TEMPO (0.1 µM). An increase in the levels of mitochondrial apoptotic proteins (AIF, cleaved Cas 3 and cleaved Parp1) in response to BPA-induced damage was also reduced by Mito-TEMPO treatment in porcine COCs. Interestingly, we confirmed the positive effects of Mela with respect to superoxide production upon BPA exposure during oocyte maturation and also confirmed the reduction in mitochondrial apoptosis in Mela (0.1 µM)-treated porcine COCs. These results provide evidence for the first time that antioxidative effects of Mela on BPA-derived superoxide improve porcine oocyte maturation.
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Zhu Y, Lu L, Liao X, Li W, Zhang L, Ji C, Lin X, Liu HC, Odle J, Luo X. Maternal dietary manganese protects chick embryos against maternal heat stress via epigenetic-activated antioxidant and anti-apoptotic abilities. Oncotarget 2017; 8:89665-89680. [PMID: 29163779 PMCID: PMC5685700 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal heat stress induced the aberrant epigenetic patterns resulting in the abnormal development of offspring embryos. It is unclear whether maternal dietary manganese supplementation as an epigenetic modifier could protect the chick embryonic development against maternal heat stress via epigenetic mechanisms. To test this hypothesis using an avian model, a completely randomized design with a 2 (maternal normal and high environmental temperatures of 21 and 32°C, respectively) × 3 (maternal dietary manganese sources, the control diet without manganese supplementation and the control diet + 120 mg/kg as either inorganic or organic manganese) factorial arrangement was adopted. Maternal environmental hyperthermia increased mRNA expressions of heat shock proteins 90 and 70, cyclin-dependent kinase 6 and B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2-associated X protein displaying oxidative damage and apoptosis in the embryonic heart. Maternal environmental hyperthermia impaired the embryonic development associated with the alteration of epigenetic status, as evidenced by global DNA hypomethylation and histone 3 lysine 9 hypoacetylation in the embryonic heart. Maternal dietary manganese supplementation increased the heart anti-apoptotic gene B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2 expressions under maternal environmental hyperthermia and manganese superoxide dismutase enzyme activity in the embryonic heart. Maternal dietary organic Mn supplementation effectively eliminated the impairment of maternal environmental hyperthermia on the embryonic development. Maternal dietary manganese supplementation up-regulated manganese superoxide dismutase mRNA expression by reducing DNA methylation and increasing histone 3 lysine 9 acetylation of its promoter. It is suggested that maternal dietary manganese addition could protect the chick embryonic development against maternal heat stress via enhancing epigenetic-activated antioxidant and anti-apoptotic abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongwen Zhu
- Mineral Nutrition Research Division, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.,College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510000, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lin Lu
- Mineral Nutrition Research Division, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiudong Liao
- Mineral Nutrition Research Division, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wenxiang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Liyang Zhang
- Mineral Nutrition Research Division, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Cheng Ji
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xi Lin
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Hsiao-Ching Liu
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Jack Odle
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Xugang Luo
- Mineral Nutrition Research Division, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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Zhu Y, Liao X, Lu L, Li W, Zhang L, Ji C, Lin X, Liu HC, Odle J, Luo X. Maternal dietary zinc supplementation enhances the epigenetic-activated antioxidant ability of chick embryos from maternal normal and high temperatures. Oncotarget 2017; 8:19814-19824. [PMID: 28177898 PMCID: PMC5386724 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of maternal dietary zinc supplementation in protecting the embryos from maternal hyperthermia-induced negative effects via epigenetic mechanisms was examined using an avian model (Gallus gallus). Broiler breeder hens were exposed to two maternal temperatures (21°C and 32°C) × three maternal dietary zinc treatments (zinc-unsupplemented control diet, the control diet + 110 mg zinc/kg inorganic or organic zinc) for 8 weeks. Maternal hyperthermia increased the embryonic mortality and induced oxidative damage evidenced by the elevated mRNA expressions of heat shock protein genes. Maternal dietary zinc deficiency damaged the embryonic development associated with the global DNA hypomethylation and histone 3 lysine 9 hyperacetylation in the embryonic liver. Supplementation of zinc in maternal diets effectively eliminated the embryonic mortality induced by maternal hyperthermia and enhanced antioxidant ability with the increased mRNA and protein expressions of metallothionein IV in the embryonic liver. The increased metallothionein IV mRNA expression was due to the reduced DNA methylation and increased histone 3 lysine 9 acetylation of the metallothionein IV promoter regardless of zinc source. These data demonstrate that maternal dietary zinc addition as an epigenetic modifier could protect the offspring embryonic development against maternal heat stress via enhancing the epigenetic-activated antioxidant ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongwen Zhu
- Mineral Nutrition Research Division, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China.,College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510000, P. R. China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Xiudong Liao
- Mineral Nutrition Research Division, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Lin Lu
- Mineral Nutrition Research Division, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Wenxiang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Liyang Zhang
- Mineral Nutrition Research Division, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Ji
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Xi Lin
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Hsiao-Ching Liu
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Jack Odle
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Xugang Luo
- Mineral Nutrition Research Division, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
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Xiang Y, Lai F, He G, Li Y, Yang L, Shen W, Huo H, Zhu J, Dai H, Zhang Y. Alleviation of Rosup-induced oxidative stress in porcine granulosa cells by anthocyanins from red-fleshed apples. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184033. [PMID: 28850606 PMCID: PMC5574572 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins are the polyphenolic phytochemicals which have been shown to scavenge free radicals. In this study, we investigated the effects of anthocyanins extracted from red-fleshed apples (Malus sieversii) on reducing oxidative damage by Rosup in porcine granulosa cells (GCs) by measuring intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), content of glutathione (GSH), activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD1), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX1) and the gene expression of SOD1, CAT, GPX1. Apoptosis was determined with TdT-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) and apoptosis-related proteins were quantified with Western blotting. The results indicate that Rosup increases oxidative stress by inducing reactive oxygen species production in porcine GCs and the oxidative stress could be reduced by anthocyanins. The gene expression of SOD1, CAT, GPX1 and the activities of these enzymes were increased when GCs were treated with anthocyanins and Rosup for 6 hours. Anthocyanins inhibit Rosup-induced apoptosis by increasing expression of antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 and suppressing the expression of pro-apoptotic protein Bax. Collectively, anthocyanins from red-fleshed apples reduce oxidative stress and inhibit apoptosis in porcine GCs in vitro. This approach indicates that antioxidants might be developed from red-fleshed apples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Xiang
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Development and Breeding in Horticultural Plants, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Fangnong Lai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Guifang He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yapeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Leilei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wei Shen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Heqiang Huo
- Mid-Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Apopka, FL, United States of America
| | - Jun Zhu
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hongyi Dai
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Development and Breeding in Horticultural Plants, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yugang Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Development and Breeding in Horticultural Plants, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- * E-mail:
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Zhu Y, Li W, Lu L, Zhang L, Ji C, Lin X, Liu H, Odle J, Luo X. Impact of maternal heat stress in conjunction with dietary zinc supplementation on hatchability, embryonic development, and growth performance in offspring broilers. Poult Sci 2017; 96:2351-2359. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Park YS, You SY, Cho S, Jeon HJ, Lee S, Cho DH, Kim JS, Oh JS. Eccentric localization of catalase to protect chromosomes from oxidative damages during meiotic maturation in mouse oocytes. Histochem Cell Biol 2016; 146:281-8. [PMID: 27160095 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-016-1446-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The maintenance of genomic integrity and stability is essential for the survival of every organism. Unfortunately, DNA is vulnerable to attack by a variety of damaging agents. Oxidative stress is a major cause of DNA damage because reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced as by-products of normal cellular metabolism. Cells have developed eloquent antioxidant defense systems to protect themselves from oxidative damage along with aerobic metabolism. Here, we show that catalase (CAT) is present in mouse oocytes to protect the genome from oxidative damage during meiotic maturation. CAT was expressed in the nucleus to form unique vesicular structures. However, after nuclear envelope breakdown, CAT was redistributed in the cytoplasm with particular focus at the chromosomes. Inhibition of CAT activity increased endogenous ROS levels, but did not perturb meiotic maturation. In addition, CAT inhibition produced chromosomal defects, including chromosome misalignment and DNA damage. Therefore, our data suggest that CAT is required not only to scavenge ROS, but also to protect DNA from oxidative damage during meiotic maturation in mouse oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Seok Park
- Department of Genetic Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 440-746, Korea
| | - Seung Yeop You
- Department of Genetic Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 440-746, Korea
| | - Sungrae Cho
- Department of Genetic Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 440-746, Korea
| | - Hyuk-Joon Jeon
- Department of Genetic Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 440-746, Korea
| | - Sukchan Lee
- Department of Genetic Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 440-746, Korea
| | - Dong-Hyung Cho
- Department of East-West Medical Science, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Jae-Sung Kim
- Division of Radiation Cancer Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Su Oh
- Department of Genetic Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, 440-746, Korea.
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19
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Qin X, Cao M, Lai F, Yang F, Ge W, Zhang X, Cheng S, Sun X, Qin G, Shen W, Li L. Oxidative stress induced by zearalenone in porcine granulosa cells and its rescue by curcumin in vitro. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127551. [PMID: 26030649 PMCID: PMC4452521 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS), as a signal of aberrant intracellular mechanisms, plays key roles in maintaining homeostasis for organisms. The occurrence of OS due to the disorder of normal cellular redox balance indicates the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and/or deficiency of antioxidants. Once the balance is broken down, repression of oxidative stress is one of the most effective ways to alleviate it. Ongoing studies provide remarkable evidence that oxidative stress is involved in reproductive toxicity induced by various stimuli, such as environmental toxicants and food toxicity. Zearalenone (ZEA), as a toxic compound existing in contaminated food products, is found to induce mycotoxicosis that has a significant impact on the reproduction of domestic animals, especially pigs. However, there is no information about how ROS and oxidative stress is involved in the influence of ZEA on porcine granulosa cells, or whether the stress can be rescued by curcumin. In this study, ZEA-induced effect on porcine granulosa cells was investigated at low concentrations (15 μM, 30 μM and 60 μM). In vitro ROS levels, the mRNA level and activity of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase were obtained. The results showed that in comparison with negative control, ZEA increased oxidative stress with higher ROS levels, reduced the expression and activity of antioxidative enzymes, increased the intensity of fluorogenic probes 2', 7'-Dichlorodihydrofluorescin diacetate and dihydroethidium in flow cytometry assay and fluorescence microscopy. Meanwhile, the activity of glutathione (GSH) did not change obviously following 60 μM ZEA treatment. Furthermore, the underlying protective mechanisms of curcumin on the ZEA-treated porcine granulosa cells were investigated. The data revealed that curcumin pre-treatment significantly suppressed ZEA-induced oxidative stress. Collectively, porcine granulosa cells were sensitive to ZEA, which may induce oxidative stress. The findings from this study clearly demonstrate that curcumin is effective to reduce the dysregulation of cellular redox balance on porcine granulosa cells in vitro and should be further investigated for its protective role against ZEA in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunsi Qin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Mingjun Cao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Fangnong Lai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- College of Life Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- College of Life Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Wei Ge
- Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Xifeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Shunfeng Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Xiaofeng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- College of Life Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Guoqing Qin
- EMF Nutrition Ltd, 715 Marion Street, Winnipeg, MB R2J 0K6, Canada
| | - Wei Shen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Lan Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Germplasm Enhancement in Universities of Shandong, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- * E-mail:
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20
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Schmidt K, Clark A, Mello A, Durfey C, Buck A, Boyd K, Whitaker BD. The effects of glucuronic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine on in vitro fertilisation of porcine oocytes. Reprod Fertil Dev 2015; 28:RD14226. [PMID: 25585197 DOI: 10.1071/rd14226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
High incidences of polyspermic penetration continue to challenge researchers during porcine in vitro fertilisation (IVF). The aim of this study was to reduce the incidence of polyspermy by increasing the perivitelline space thickness with glucuronic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) supplementation during oocyte maturation. After maturation, zona pellucida and perivitelline space thicknesses, intracellular glutathione concentrations and fertilisation kinetics were measured, in addition to embryonic cleavage and blastocyst formation at 48h and 144h after IVF, respectively. There were no significant differences between the treatments for zona pellucida thickness, penetration rates, male pronuclear formation or cortical granule exocytosis. Glucuronic acid supplementation significantly increased (PPPP<0.05) of cleavage and blastocyst formation by 48 and 144h after IVF compared with all other groups. These results indicate that supplementing with 0.005mM glucuronic acid and 0.005mM GlcNAc during oocyte maturation decreases the incidence of polyspermic penetration by increasing perivitelline space thickness and improving embryo development in pigs.
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Salavati M, Ghafari F, Zhang T, Fouladi-Nashta AA. Influence of caffeine pretreatment on biphasic in vitro maturation of dog oocytes. Theriogenology 2013; 80:784-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2013.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Revised: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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22
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Spanel-Borowski K, Nowicki M, Borlak J, Trapphoff T, Eichenlaub-Ritter U. Endoplasmic Reticulum-Derived Multilamellar Bodies in Oocytes of Mouse Follicle Cultures under Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein Treatment. Cells Tissues Organs 2013; 197:77-88. [DOI: 10.1159/000340039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Salavati M, Ghafari F, Zhang T, Fouladi-Nashta AA. Effects of oxygen concentration on in vitro maturation of canine oocytes in a chemically defined serum-free medium. Reproduction 2012; 144:547-56. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-12-0176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Canine oocytes require an extended period of culture (72 h) in vitro for nuclear maturation to the metaphase II stage, which also results in high degeneration. Canine cumulus oocyte complexes were isolated by slicing from ovaries collected after ovariohysterectomy and cultured in serum-free synthetic oviductal fluid incubated at low (5%) or high (20%) oxygen levels. Changes in oocyte nuclear maturation rates, H2O2 levels within the oocytes and mRNAs of reactive oxygen species inhibitory genes superoxide dismutase 1 and 2 (SOD1 and 2), glutathione reductase (GSR), glutathione peroxidase (GPX1), and catalase (CAT) were quantified. Higher meiotic resumption from germinal vesicle breakdown up to MII was observed in low O2 (41.8±13.1%) compared to high O2 (15.8±8.2%) (P=0.014) after 52 h of culture (n=112). Extension of the culture period up to 84 h at low O2 (n=457 oocytes) produced the highest meiotic resumption at 72 h (64.1±6.0%; P=0.008), compared with 52 h. Oocytes (n=110) cultured in high O2 contained higher levels of peroxidase measured using the 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate fluorescence assay after 72 h of culture compared with low O2 (P=0.004). High O2-cultured oocytes also showed higher amounts of SOD1, SOD2, GSR, GPX1, and CAT mRNA. Vitamin E in high oxygen level was able to decrease degeneration (P=0.008) but had no improving effect on percentage of oocytes in MII. These results for the first time showed that low oxygen gas composition improves nuclear maturation rates and alleviates the oxidative stress for canine oocytes during in vitro maturation.
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High cytosolic free calcium level signals apoptosis through mitochondria-caspase mediated pathway in rat eggs cultured in vitro. Apoptosis 2012; 17:439-48. [PMID: 22311472 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-012-0702-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The present study was aimed to find out whether an increase of cytosolic free calcium level induces egg apoptosis through mitochondria-caspase mediated pathway. To increase cytosolic free calcium level and morphological apoptotic changes, ovulated eggs were cultured in Ca(2+)/Mg(2+) free media-199 with or without various concentrations of calcium ionophore (0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4 μM) for 3 h in vitro. The morphological apoptotic changes, cytosolic free calcium level, hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) concentration, catalase activity, cytochrome c concentration, caspase-9 and caspase-3 activities and DNA fragmentation were analyzed. Calcium ionophore induced morphological apoptotic features in a concentration-dependent manner followed by degeneration at higher concentrations (3 and 4 μM). Calcium ionophore increased cytosolic free calcium level, induced generation of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) and inhibited catalase activity in treated eggs. The increased H(2)O(2) concentration was associated with increased cytochrome c concentration, caspase-9 and caspase-3 activities that resulted in the induction of morphological features characteristic of egg apoptosis. The increased caspase-3 activity finally induced DNA fragmentation as evidenced by TUNEL positive staining in calcium ionophore-treated eggs. These findings suggest that high cytosolic free calcium level induces generation of H(2)O(2) that leads to egg apoptosis through mitochondria-caspase mediated pathway.
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25
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Whitaker BD, Casey SJ, Taupier R. The effects of N-acetyl-L-cysteine supplementation on in vitro porcine oocyte maturation and subsequent fertilisation and embryonic development. Reprod Fertil Dev 2012; 24:1048-54. [DOI: 10.1071/rd12002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2011] [Accepted: 03/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of supplementation with 1.5 mM n-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) during in vitro oocyte maturation were studied. Oocytes were supplemented with 1.5 mM NAC during maturation for 0 to 24 h, 24 to 48 h, or 0 to 48 h then subjected to IVF and embryo development. Oocytes were evaluated after maturation for intracellular glutathione concentration, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities and DNA fragmentation. Fertilisation and embryonic development success were also evaluated. There was no effect of treatment on intracellular glutathione concentrations, enzyme activities or fertilisation success rates. Supplementing NAC during maturation significantly decreased (P < 0.05) the percentage of oocytes with fragmented DNA compared with no NAC supplementation. Supplementing NAC from 24 to 48 h or 0 to 48 h resulted in a significantly higher (P < 0.05) percentage of oocytes with male pronuclei than for oocytes from the other treatment groups. There was no difference in the percentage of embryos cleaved by 48 h after IVF between treatment groups. Supplementing NAC from 24 to 48 h or 0 to 48 h resulted in a significantly higher (P < 0.05) percentage of embryos reaching the blastocyst stage by 144 h after IVF compared with the other treatment groups. These results indicate that supplementation of the oocyte maturation medium with 1.5 mM NAC, specifically during the last 24 h, improves male pronucleus formation and blastocyst development in pigs.
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Dey SR, Deb GK, Ha AN, Lee JI, Bang JI, Lee KL, Kong IK. Coculturing denuded oocytes during the in vitro maturation of bovine cumulus oocyte complexes exerts a synergistic effect on embryo development. Theriogenology 2011; 77:1064-77. [PMID: 22153275 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2011.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2011] [Revised: 10/03/2011] [Accepted: 10/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The present study examined the effect of coculturing cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs) and denuded oocytes (DOs) during in vitro maturation (IVM) on nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation, zona pellucida (ZP) hardening, the pattern of fertilization and glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1) gene expression in the oocyte. Furthermore, the rate of embryonic development and the quality of blastocysts were examined for both COCs and DOs. Three IVM conditions were studied: 1) the coculture of 12 COCs and 60 DOs, 2) COC control with 12 COCs, and 3) DO control with 60 DOs. The IVM was performed in a 120-μl droplet of TCM199-based IVM medium. Following IVM, in vitro fertilization (IVF) and in vitro culture (IVC) were conducted separately for the COCs and DOs (DO coculture) from the IVM coculture group. Coculturing COCs and DOs increased the percentage of oocytes reaching the blastocyst stage and the total number of cells per blastocyst in both the COC coculture (44.4 ± 8.6 vs 26.7 ± 9.7%, P < 0.01, and 137.9 ± 24.9 vs 121.7 ± 21.1, P < 0.05) and the DO coculture (20.5 ± 5.0 vs 11.1 ± 2.5%, P < 0.01, and 121.9 ± 27.5 vs 112.3 ± 33.2, P < 0.05) compared to their respective control groups. The synergistic effects of coculturing were detected as increased nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation, the prevention of ZP hardening, increased monospermic fertilization and increased expression of GPX1 in the oocytes in response to endogenous oocyte-secreted factors. In conclusion, coculturing COCs and DOs may be an effective culture system for both intact COCs and immature DOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Dey
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Program), Graduate School of Gyeongsang, National University, Republic of Korea
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Takahashi M. Heat stress on reproductive function and fertility in mammals. Reprod Med Biol 2011; 11:37-47. [PMID: 29699104 DOI: 10.1007/s12522-011-0105-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2011] [Accepted: 07/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In most mammalian species including cattle, heat stress has deleterious effects on nutritional, physiological and reproductive functions. Exposure of animals to a hot environment causes an increase in body temperature in mammals, including domestic animals. High ambient temperature also causes a decrease in the length and intensity of estrus by disturbing ovarian function as well as decreasing pregnancy rate after artificial insemination. Therefore, it is important to understand the effects of heat stress on reproductive function in order to improve the production of domestic animals. Heat stress decreases appetite, weight gain, and milk yield in dairy cattle. It also adversely affects the reproductive performance of both sexes. In males, it reduces spermatogenic activity, while in females it adversely impacts oogenesis, oocyte maturation, fertilization development and implantation rate. Detection and evaluation of the deteriorating effects of heat stress on reproductive organs and cells can help to design measures to prevent them and improve reproductive functions. In this review, we discuss the impacts of heat stress on reproductive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Takahashi
- National Agricultural Research Center for Kyushu Okinawa Region Suya 2421 861-1192 Koshi Kumamoto Japan
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Whitaker BD, Casey SJ, Taupier R. N-acetyl-l-cysteine Supplementation Improves Boar Spermatozoa Characteristics and Subsequent Fertilization and Embryonic Development. Reprod Domest Anim 2011; 47:263-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2011.01848.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Adona PR, de Bem THC, Mesquita LG, Rochetti RC, Leal CLV. Embryonic Development and Gene Expression in Oocytes Cultured In Vitro in Supplemented Pre-Maturation and Maturation Media. Reprod Domest Anim 2011; 46:e31-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2010.01618.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Ergaz Z, Mevorach D, Goldzweig G, Cohen A, Patlas N, Yaffe P, Blank M, Shoenfeld Y, Ornoy A. The embryotoxicity of sera from patients with autoimmune diseases on post-implantation rat embryos in culture persists during remission and is not related to oxidative stress. Lupus 2010; 19:1623-31. [PMID: 20813798 DOI: 10.1177/0961203310377218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the embryolethality and embryotoxicity of sera from patients suffering from autoimmune diseases during remission on post-implantation rat embryos cultured on these sera and determined the association between the patients' clinical history, high blood levels of specific antibodies, medications, and oxidative stress parameters. One hundred and eighty, 10.5-day-old rat embryos were cultured in their yolk sacs in 33 sera of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)/antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) patients, and compared with 84 embryos cultured in rat sera and 88 embryos cultured in control human sera. The sera proved to be lethal and embryotoxic but not teratogenic resulting in smaller yolk sacs and embryos, lower protein level and lower developmental score. Significantly less embryos cultured in 'toxic' SLE/APS sera had peak 2 of low molecular weight antioxidants (LMWA) wave, implying a delayed maturation of the antioxidant defense. Lower peak 1 of LMWA correlated with a history of recurrent abortions. Embryonic levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) did not correlate with sera toxicity, patients' clinical history or specific antibodies. We conclude that SLE/APS patients' clinical remission did not prevent death or developmental delay accompanied by later appearance of peak 2 of LMWA in post-implantation rat embryo cultures. The normal levels of the antioxidant enzymes evaluated may indicate that sera toxicity is not related to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Ergaz
- Laboratory of Teratology, Israel Canada Institute of Medical Research, Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel.
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Capcarová M, Kolesárová A, Lukác N, Sirotkin A, Roychoudhury S. Antioxidant status and selected biochemical parameters of porcine ovarian granulosa cells exposed to lead in vitro. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2009; 44:1617-1623. [PMID: 20183521 DOI: 10.1080/10934520903263678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant status (TAS) and release of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, potassium, total lipids, totals proteins, glucose, cholesterol and triglycerides by porcine ovarian granulosa cells cultured in vitro after lead acetate administration. The parameters were analyzed using semi-automated clinical chemistry analyzer Microlab 300, microprocessor-controlled analyzer EasyLite and spectrophotometer Genesys 10. Cells were cultured with lead acetate trihydrate [Pb(CH(3)COO)(2).3H(2)O] as follows: group Max (5 mg Pb(CH(3)COO)(2).3H(2)O/10 mL), group A (2.5 mg/10 mL), group B (0.83 mg/10 mL), group C (0.625 mg/10 mL), group D (0.455 mg/10 mL) and the control group without lead exposure for 18 hrs. The highest TAS was estimated in the control group without lead treatment in comparison with other groups (MAX, A, B, C, D). Statistical analyses showed significantly lower value (P < 0.05) in group B. The activity of SOD was the lowest in the control group in comparison to those exposed to in vitro lead culture. A significant decrease (P < 0.05) of calcium content in group MAX in comparison with control group was determined. Release of phosphorus by ovarian granulosa cells was significantly lower (P < 0.05; 0.01; 0.001) in all the treated groups in comparison with control group. Lead was found to stimulate the release of magnesium and potassium by granulosa cells, but the increase remained statistically insignificant. The highest concentration of glucose was noted in control group, but the differences were not significant either. No significant differences (P > 0.05) were detected in concentration of other studied parameters among observed groups, too.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Capcarová
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovak Republic.
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Kamboj SS, Vasishta RK, Sandhir R. N-acetylcysteine inhibits hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis markers in diabetic neuropathy. J Neurochem 2009; 112:77-91. [PMID: 19840221 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2009.06435.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have indicated the involvement of oxidative stress in the development of diabetic neuropathy. In the present study, we have targeted oxidative stress mediated nerve damage in diabetic neuropathy using N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC), a potent antioxidant. After 8 weeks, streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats developed neuropathy which was evident from decreased tail-flick latency (thermal hyperalgesia). This was accompanied by decreased motor coordination as assessed by performance on rota-rod treadmill. Na(+) K(+) ATPase, a biochemical marker of development of diabetic neuropathy, was significantly inhibited in sciatic nerve of diabetic animals. NAC treatment at a daily dose between 1.4 and 1.5 g/kg body weight to diabetic animals for 7 weeks in drinking water ameliorated hyperalgesia, improved motor coordination and reversed reduction in Na(+) K(+) ATPase activity. There was an increase in lipid peroxidation in sciatic nerve of diabetic animals along with decrease in phospholipid levels, while NAC treatment attenuated lipid peroxidation and restored phospholipids to control levels. This was associated with decrease in glutathione and protein thiols. The activities of antioxidant enzymes; superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione-S-transferase were reduced in sciatic nerve of diabetic animals. Cytochrome c release and active caspase 3 were markedly increased in nerve from diabetic animals suggesting activation of apoptotic pathway. NAC treatment significantly ameliorated decrease in antioxidant defense and prevented cytochrome c release and caspase 3 activation. Electron microscopy revealed demyelination, Wallerian degeneration and onion-bulb formation in sciatic nerve of diabetic rats. NAC on the other hand was able to reverse structural deficits observed in sciatic nerve of diabetic rats. Our results clearly demonstrate protective effect of NAC is mediated through attenuation of oxidative stress and apoptosis, and suggest therapeutic potential of NAC in attenuation of diabetic neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhdev Singh Kamboj
- Department of Biochemistry, Basic Medical Science Block, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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Combelles CMH, Gupta S, Agarwal A. Could oxidative stress influence the in-vitro maturation of oocytes? Reprod Biomed Online 2009; 18:864-80. [PMID: 19490793 DOI: 10.1016/s1472-6483(10)60038-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the efforts aimed at improving the quality of in-vitro-matured human oocytes, the dynamic balance and roles of pro-/antioxidants merit further consideration. In-vitro maturation (IVM) is emerging as a popular technology at the forefront of fertility treatment and preservation. However, standard in-vitro culture conditions exert oxidative stress or an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are oxygen-derived molecules formed as intermediary products of cellular metabolism. By acting as powerful oxidants, ROS can oxidatively modify any molecule, resulting in structural and functional alterations. ROS are neutralized by an elaborate defence system consisting of enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants. This review captures the inherent and external factors that may modulate the oxidative stress status of oocytes. It discusses the suspected impacts of oxidative stress on the gamut of events associated with IVM, including prematuration arrest, meiotic progression, chromosomal segregation, cytoskeletal architecture and gene expression. In-vivo and in-vitro strategies that may overcome the potential influences of oxidative stress on oocyte IVM are presented. Future studies profiling the oxidative stress status of the oocyte may permit not only the formulation of a superior IVM medium that maintains an adequate pro-/antioxidant balance, but also the identification of predictors of oocyte quality.
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