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Giaretta E, Mongillo P, Da Dalt L, Gianesella M, Bortoletti M, Degano L, Vicario D, Gabai G. Temperature and humidity index (THI) affects salivary cortisol (HC) and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) concentrations in growing bulls following stress generated by performance test procedures. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1237634. [PMID: 37559888 PMCID: PMC10407106 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1237634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis response to a challenge was proposed for genetic selection of robust and resilient animals. As ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone) test and hormone measurements in blood may result impractical, it may be useful to measure salivary hormones in response to natural stressors, after an accurate biological validation, to control factors that could contribute to the response. We evaluated whether animal handling during performance test affects salivary HC and DHEA secretion and could be used for selection. We tested the effects of habituation to repeated handling and THI as putative bias. Bull calves (N = 273) undergoing performance test were sampled at 8-9 and 11-13 months (N = 101), 8-9 months (N = 131), or 11-13 months (N = 41). On each test day (D0), calves were isolated, conducted to a squeeze chute and immobilized for 6 min. Saliva samples were collected in the morning after feed administration (T0), and after 6 min immobilization in the squeeze chute (T1) for HC and DHEA measurement. Environmental temperature and relative humidity were recorded every hour from 1:00 h to 24:00 h during the 6 days before the performance test and on D0. Salivary HC and DHEA concentrations were higher in T1 (p < 0.01), although a clear individual positive response to handling could be observed in less than 10% of subjects. The mixed model revealed: (i) HC and HC/DHEA were higher in Young bulls (p < 0.05). (ii) The time of T0 sample collection significantly affected DHEA (p < 0.01) and HC/DHEA (p < 0.05). (iii) THI affected both steroids (p < 0.001) but not HC/DHEA. Spearman correlations suggested that THI weakly affected salivary HC at T0 only (ρ = 0.150, p < 0.01), while moderate statistically significant correlations were found between DHEA and THI at T0 (ρ = 0.316, p < 0.001), and T1 (ρ = 0.353, p < 0.001). Salivary HC and DHEA in response to handling procedures might identify subpopulations of subjects with sensitive HPA axis. Habituation to repeated handling played a role, as the hormone response was lower in older animals. Chronic exposure to high THI had a minor effect on salivary HC visible at T0. A more intense THI effect was observed on salivary DHEA concentrations at both T0 and T1, which should be worth of further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Giaretta
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Paolo Mongillo
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Laura Da Dalt
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Matteo Gianesella
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padua, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Martina Bortoletti
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Degano
- Associazione Nazionale Allevatori Bovini di Razza Pezzata Rossa Italiana (A.N.A.P.R.I.), Udine, Italy
| | - Daniele Vicario
- Associazione Nazionale Allevatori Bovini di Razza Pezzata Rossa Italiana (A.N.A.P.R.I.), Udine, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Gabai
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Legnaro, Italy
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Giaretta E, Mislei B, Martínez-Pastor F, Nesci S, Spinaci M, Galeati G, Nerozzi C, Mari G, Tamanini C, Bucci D. Use of specific mitochondrial complex inhibitors to investigate mitochondrial involvement on horse sperm motility and ROS production. Res Vet Sci 2022; 147:12-19. [PMID: 35397468 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Equine spermatozoa highly rely on oxidative phosphorylation for their energy management. The present work aimed to characterize the role of mitochondria on horse sperm motility and ROS production by incubating spermatozoa with specific inhibitors of the different mitochondrial complexes. Equine spermatozoa were incubated 1 h and 3 h at 37 °C with: complex I inhibitor rotenone (5 μM, ROT), complex II inhibitor dimethyl-malonate (10 mM, DMM), complex III inhibitor antimycin A (1.8 μM, ANTI), the uncoupling agent carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazine (5 μM, CCCP), ATP synthase inhibitor oligomycin (5 μM, OLIGO), and 2 μL vehicle DMSO (control, CTL). Samples were analyzed for sperm motility and for mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), mitochondrial integrity, mitochondrial O2•- production, and cytoplasmic H2O2. A multivariate analysis was performed on the data. CCCP caused a pronounced MMP reduction at both time points while ROT and ANTI showed the same effect at 3 h. All treatments at 3 h incubation significantly reduced the percentage of sperm with early changes in membrane permeability with active mitochondria. The H2O2 production of live cells was low at 1 h incubation in all treatments; after 3 h a slight decrease in the percentage of low-H2O2 producing cells was recorded. All treatments, except DMM, induced a significant decline in sperm motility and kinematics and modified the pattern of sperm subpopulations. The effect of DMM was evident only after 3 h, increasing the percentage of slow sperm subpopulation. In conclusion, the disruption of mitochondrial integrity induces an increase of mitochondrial ROS production that could be detrimental for cell function and survivior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Giaretta
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Via dell'Università 6, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy.
| | - Beatrice Mislei
- INFA-AUB, University of Bologna, Via Gandolfi 16, Cadriano (BO), Italy
| | - Felipe Martínez-Pastor
- INDEGSAL and Molecular Biology (Cell Biology), Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana, 24071 León, (ES), Italy
| | - Salvatore Nesci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia, BO, Italy
| | - Marcella Spinaci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia, BO, Italy
| | - Giovanna Galeati
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia, BO, Italy
| | - Chiara Nerozzi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia, BO, Italy
| | - Gaetano Mari
- INFA-AUB, University of Bologna, Via Gandolfi 16, Cadriano (BO), Italy; Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia, BO, Italy
| | - Carlo Tamanini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia, BO, Italy
| | - Diego Bucci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano dell'Emilia, BO, Italy
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Damato A, Vianello F, Novelli E, Balzan S, Gianesella M, Giaretta E, Gabai G. Comprehensive Review on the Interactions of Clay Minerals With Animal Physiology and Production. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:889612. [PMID: 35619608 PMCID: PMC9127995 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.889612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Clay minerals are naturally occurring rock and soil materials primarily composed of fine-grained aluminosilicate minerals, characterized by high hygroscopicity. In animal production, clays are often mixed with feed and, due to their high binding capacity towards organic molecules, used to limit animal absorption of feed contaminants, such as mycotoxins and other toxicants. Binding capacity of clays is not specific and these minerals can form complexes with different compounds, such as nutrients and pharmaceuticals, thus possibly affecting the intestinal absorption of important substances. Indeed, clays cannot be considered a completely inert feed additive, as they can interfere with gastro-intestinal (GI) metabolism, with possible consequences on animal physiology. Moreover, clays may contain impurities, constituted of inorganic micronutrients and/or toxic trace elements, and their ingestion can affect animal health. Furthermore, clays may also have effects on the GI mucosa, possibly modifying nutrient digestibility and animal microbiome. Finally, clays may directly interact with GI cells and, depending on their mineral grain size, shape, superficial charge and hydrophilicity, can elicit an inflammatory response. As in the near future due to climate change the presence of mycotoxins in feedstuffs will probably become a major problem, the use of clays in feedstuff, given their physico-chemical properties, low cost, apparent low toxicity and eco-compatibility, is expected to increase. The present review focuses on the characteristics and properties of clays as feed additives, evidencing pros and cons. Aims of future studies are suggested, evidencing that, in particular, possible interferences of these minerals with animal microbiome, nutrient absorption and drug delivery should be assessed. Finally, the fate of clay particles during their transit within the GI system and their long-term administration/accumulation should be clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Damato
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Fabio Vianello
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Enrico Novelli
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Stefania Balzan
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Matteo Gianesella
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Elisa Giaretta
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- *Correspondence: Elisa Giaretta
| | - Gianfranco Gabai
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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Normando S, Giaretta E, Schiavon I, Mongillo P, Falomo ME. Behavioral and hormonal effects of two weaning situations in trotter foals. J Vet Behav 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jveb.2021.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Mordenti AL, Giaretta E, Campidonico L, Parazza P, Formigoni A. A Review Regarding the Use of Molasses in Animal Nutrition. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11010115. [PMID: 33430515 PMCID: PMC7827330 DOI: 10.3390/ani11010115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The aim of the authors is to make a summary of the possible applications of molasses in animal nutrition, how to improve hays and silage qualities for beef and dairy cattle; to enhance industrial byproducts values by liquid feed in swine production; and to improve with feed blocks the extensive livestock production efficiency (cows, buffaloes, sheep, goats and pigs). Focus is both on characteristics feed based on molasses and on ruminal fermentation: the techniques of production, conservation and administration to animals have been widely described as being capable of positively influencing animal performance, milk and meat quality, as well as animal welfare. Abstract In the past fifty years, agriculture, and particularly livestock production, has become more resource-intensive, with negative implications regarding world environmental status. Currently, the circular economy 3R principles (to reduce, reuse and recycle materials) can offer many opportunities for the agri-food industry to become more resource-efficient. The closed-loop agri-food supply chain has the great potential of reducing environmental and economic costs, which result from food waste disposal. To meet these principles, the use of crop byproducts, such as molasses, in animal nutrition improves the nutritive value of coarse and poorly desired feedstuff, which could present a real opportunity. The aims of this study were to summarize the possible applications of molasses for animal nutrition, to improve hay and silage quality for beef and dairy cattle, to enhance industrial byproduct values using liquid feed in swine production, and to improve extensive livestock production with feed blocks. The study focused on both feed characteristics, based on molasses, and on ruminal fermentation of its carbohydrates; the techniques of the production, conservation and administration of molasses to animals have been widely described as being capable of positively influencing animal performance, milk and meat quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attilio Luigi Mordenti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie (DIMEVET), Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di Bologna, Via Tolara di sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Italy; (L.C.); (P.P.); (A.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-05-1209-7381; Fax: +39-05-1209-7373
| | - Elisa Giaretta
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina Comparata ed Alimentazione (BCA), Università di Padova, Via dell’Università 6, 35020 Legnaro, Italy;
| | - Luca Campidonico
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie (DIMEVET), Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di Bologna, Via Tolara di sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Italy; (L.C.); (P.P.); (A.F.)
| | - Paola Parazza
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie (DIMEVET), Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di Bologna, Via Tolara di sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Italy; (L.C.); (P.P.); (A.F.)
| | - Andrea Formigoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie (DIMEVET), Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di Bologna, Via Tolara di sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Italy; (L.C.); (P.P.); (A.F.)
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Mateo-Otero Y, Yeste M, Damato A, Giaretta E. Cryopreservation and oxidative stress in porcine oocytes. Res Vet Sci 2021; 135:20-26. [PMID: 33418187 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Several vitrification protocols have been established for porcine oocytes so as to facilitate gene banking of female germplasm. Although live piglets have been successfully produced from pig oocytes vitrified at the germinal vesicle (GV) stage, the competence of vitrified oocytes to develop into the blastocyst stage is greatly compromised following cryopreservation. The focus of this review is to elucidate the impact of cryopreservation on the redox balance of pig oocytes, making special reference to the relevance of non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidant defences. Besides, the regulation of gene expression in response to oxidative stress is also considered. Finally, we discuss the effects of supplementing maturation and vitrification media with the exogenous non-enzymatic antioxidants that have hitherto yielded the most relevant results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yentel Mateo-Otero
- Biotechnology of Animal and Human Reproduction (TechnoSperm), Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology, University of Girona, E-17003 Girona, Spain; Unit of Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Girona, E-17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Marc Yeste
- Biotechnology of Animal and Human Reproduction (TechnoSperm), Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology, University of Girona, E-17003 Girona, Spain; Unit of Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Girona, E-17003 Girona, Spain.
| | - Anna Damato
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Elisa Giaretta
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Legnaro, PD, Italy.
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Giaretta E, Chesini G. The impact of digitalisation on the profitability of large US banks. EJIM 2021. [DOI: 10.1504/ejim.2021.10029654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Giaretta E, Marliani G, Postiglione G, Magazzù G, Pantò F, Mari G, Formigoni A, Accorsi PA, Mordenti A. Calving time identified by the automatic detection of tail movements and rumination time, and observation of cow behavioural changes. Animal 2020; 15:100071. [PMID: 33516029 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2020.100071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of electronic devices to improve animal health, welfare and farm efficiency in precision livestock farming is a developing area of great scientific and commercial interest. In particular, the use of on-site dairy farm instruments to detect calving is a tool in reproduction livestock farming. The primary aim of this study was to validate the ability of the Moocall device (MD) to detect calving cows. In addition, behavioural changes in parturient dairy cows were evaluated using video-based observations. The MD was applied approximately 9 days before cow delivery. Observational sessions were conducted three times a day for each cow from the day before MD application to calving time. The sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) at 3 and 24 h before calving were measured to test the effectiveness of the MD. In addition, behavioural changes were investigated before and after the MD application as well as before and during calving time. The 3 h Se and the 3 h Sp obtained were 95.2 and 71.4%, respectively. No false negatives were observed in the 24 h before delivery (24 h Se=100%) while the 3 h Se was 95.2%. The MD was well tolerated by the dairy cows since no change in behaviours was observed in this study among the cows with or without the MD, except for an increase in eating behaviour in the animals with the MD. As regards, the behavioural pattern during calving time (8 h before calving) in comparison with the previous phases, a significant increase in tail contraction frequency and raised tail position, and a decrease in eating behaviour and rumination time were observed. The first principal component (PC) was primarily explained by these variables, and calving cows best contributed to this PC. According to the results of the present study, the use of the MD can be a useful tool in detecting the moment of calving.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Giaretta
- Dipartimento di Biomedicina Comparata ed Alimentazione (BCA), Università di Padova, Via dell'Università 6, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - G Marliani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie (DIMEVET), Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Via Tolara di sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, BO, Italy
| | - G Postiglione
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie (DIMEVET), Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Via Tolara di sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, BO, Italy
| | - G Magazzù
- DVM, Private Practitioner, Osteria Grande, 40024 Bologna, Italy
| | - F Pantò
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie (DIMEVET), Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Via Tolara di sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, BO, Italy
| | - G Mari
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie (DIMEVET), Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Via Tolara di sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, BO, Italy
| | - A Formigoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie (DIMEVET), Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Via Tolara di sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, BO, Italy
| | - P A Accorsi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie (DIMEVET), Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Via Tolara di sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, BO, Italy
| | - A Mordenti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie (DIMEVET), Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Via Tolara di sopra 50, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, BO, Italy.
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Gabai G, Mongillo P, Giaretta E, Marinelli L. Do Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and Its Sulfate (DHEAS) Play a Role in the Stress Response in Domestic Animals? Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:588835. [PMID: 33195624 PMCID: PMC7649144 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.588835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In animal husbandry, stress is often associated with poor health and welfare. Stress occurs when a physiological control system detects a state of real or presumptive threat to the animal's homeostasis or a failure to control a fitness-critical variable. The definition of stress has mostly relied on glucocorticoids measurement, even though glucocorticoids represent one stress-response system, the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenocortical axis, which is not precise enough as it is also related to metabolic regulation and activated in non-stressful situations (pleasure, excitement, and arousal). The mammal adrenal can synthesize the androgenic steroid dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and its sulfate metabolite (DHEAS), which have been associated to the stress response in several studies performed mostly in humans and laboratory animals. Although the functions of these steroids are not fully understood, available data suggest their antagonistic effects on glucocorticoids and, in humans, their secretion is affected by stress. This review explores the scientific literature on DHEA and DHEAS release in domestic animals in response to stressors of different nature (inflammatory, physical, or social) and duration, and the extra-adrenal contribution to circulating DHEA. Then, the potential use of DHEA in conjunction with cortisol to improve the definition of the stress phenotype in farmed animals is discussed. Although the focus of this review is on farmed animals, examples from other species are reported when available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianfranco Gabai
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Paolo Mongillo
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Elisa Giaretta
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Lieta Marinelli
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Legnaro, Italy
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Falomo M, Del Re B, Rossi M, Giaretta E, Da Dalt L, Gabai G. Relationship between postpartum uterine involution and biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in clinically healthy mares ( Equus caballus). Heliyon 2020; 6:e03691. [PMID: 32258514 PMCID: PMC7125350 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To test the hypothesis that delayed/impaired uterine involution could be associated with oxinflammation, we studied the progression of the uterine involution in association with some biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in clinically healthy mares (N = 26) during early postpartum. The examination of the reproductive tract was performed on Days 7 and 21 after foaling. Uterine involution was assessed considering: a) the increase of the gravid uterine horn diameter (GUHD) compared with diameter recorded before pregnancy during the previous breeding season; b) the level of endometrial edema (EE); c) the degree of accumulation of intrauterine fluid (IUFA); d) the status of the cervix (CS). Inflammation and oxidative stress were studied by measuring serum amyloid A (SAA), cortisol, DHEA, AOPP, protein carbonyl groups, malondialdheyde (MDA) and thiols in plasma on Days 7 and 21. By Day 21 after parturition, a significant improvement (P < 0.01) was observed for GUHD and EE; while IUFA increased in six animals. Plasma SAA and DHEA concentrations were higher when the clinical parameters indicated a lower degree of uterine involution. On Day 7, the cortisol/DHEA ratio was lower in animals with higher degree of EE. Plasma AOPP and MDA concentrations were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in animals with the lower GUHD. On Day 21, plasma MDA concentrations were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in animals with the lower IUFA. Our data suggest that a mild condition of inflammation and oxidative stress occur in mares with delayed/impaired uterine involution.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.E. Falomo
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), University of Padova, Agripolis 35020 Legnaro (PD) Italy
| | - B. Del Re
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), University of Padova, Agripolis 35020 Legnaro (PD) Italy
| | - M. Rossi
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), University of Padova, Agripolis 35020 Legnaro (PD) Italy
| | - E. Giaretta
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science (BCA), University of Padova, Agripolis 35020 Legnaro (PD) Italy
| | - L. Da Dalt
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science (BCA), University of Padova, Agripolis 35020 Legnaro (PD) Italy
| | - G. Gabai
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science (BCA), University of Padova, Agripolis 35020 Legnaro (PD) Italy
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Mordenti AL, Brogna N, Merendi F, Sardi L, Tassinari M, Mammi LME, Giaretta E, Formigoni A. Effect of dietary inclusion of different lipid supplements on performance and carcass quality traits of growing beef heifers. Ital J Food Saf 2019; 8:7683. [PMID: 31218212 PMCID: PMC6554594 DOI: 10.4081/ijfs.2019.7683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of dietary extruded flaxseed and/or rumen-protected lipids on growth performance and carcass quality of growing beef heifers. Sixty-three crossbreed heifers (Charolais X Limousine) were distributed into seven experimental groups, balanced in terms of age and live weight. Diets fed to the groups were isoproteic and differed in both, the dietary lipid source (extruded linseed and/or rumen-protected conjugated linoleic acid) and the supplementation length (90 or 180 days before slaughtering), having the same total amount of lipids and vitamin E, during their finishing period. The results obtained in the present study confirm that in low-protein diets, the inclusion of rumen-protected CLA, alone or in combination with flaxseed, did not bring any evident effect on feed intake, performance and carcass quality traits of growing beef heifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attilio Luigi Mordenti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
| | - Nico Brogna
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
| | - Flavia Merendi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
| | - Luca Sardi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
| | - Marco Tassinari
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
| | | | - Elisa Giaretta
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
| | - Andrea Formigoni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
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Mordenti AL, Brogna N, Canestrari G, Bonfante E, Eusebi S, Mammi LME, Giaretta E, Formigoni A. Effects of breed and different lipid dietary supplements on beef quality. Anim Sci J 2019; 90:619-627. [PMID: 30821084 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Focus of this study was to evaluate the most suitable breed/crossbred and the appropriate nutritional strategies to increase marbling in beef muscle and to improve its healthy properties, in particular the n-3 fatty acids content. One hundred and seventy-six heifers of three crossbreed commonly reared by Emilia-Romagna farmers: 48 Bleu Belge × Freisian (ITA), 48 Charolais × Aubrac (FRA), and 80 Angus (ANG) were used. Animals of each breed were randomly subdivided in two experimental groups that received two diets, differing for the dietary lipid source. Control group (C) received a basal diet containing protected vegetable fats, whereas treated one (T) received the same basal diet supplemented with 0.9 kg/head/day of extruded flaxseed. After slaughtering, a sample of Longissimus thoracis was collected from each animal for meat quality analysis. Our results demonstrated that, in a shorter fattening period, ANG animals obtained the best dry matter intake, average daily gain and the best fattening scores. ITA and ANG meat presented the highest marbling scores. ANG breed had the highest amount of C18:1, the highest unsaturated/saturated fatty acids ratio and the lowest n-6/n-3 ratio. The T animals, independently from breed, showed the highest amount of α-linolenic acid (ALA). In addition, ANG-T meat presented the highest ALA content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attilio L Mordenti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie (DIMEVET), Università di Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Italy
| | - Nico Brogna
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie (DIMEVET), Università di Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Italy
| | - Giorgia Canestrari
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie (DIMEVET), Università di Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Italy
| | - Elena Bonfante
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie (DIMEVET), Università di Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Italy
| | - Stefano Eusebi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie (DIMEVET), Università di Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Italy
| | - Ludovica M E Mammi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie (DIMEVET), Università di Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Italy
| | - Elisa Giaretta
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie (DIMEVET), Università di Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Italy
| | - Andrea Formigoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie (DIMEVET), Università di Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Italy
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Giaretta E, Mordenti AL, Canestrari G, Palmonari A, Formigoni A. Automatically monitoring of dietary effects on rumination and activity of finishing heifers. Anim Prod Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1071/an18249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Rumination and activity behaviours are important welfare indexes in beef-cattle housing. The main objective of the present study was to assess whether the automatic collars are able to reliably assess the rumination and activity patterns of beef heifers. For this purpose, individual rumination time and activity (RT and AT respectively) were continuously recorded using an automatic neck-collar system (Hr-Tag, SCR Engineers Ltd, Israel) on the three trials performed. For Experiment 1, 60 Italian crossbred heifers were randomly assigned to one of two experimental diets for 9 months: the corn–silage diet (CS), which included 50% forage on a dry-matter (DM) basis (43% corn–silage, 7% wheat straw) and the hay diet (HAY), with 57% forage on DM basis (28.5% grass hay, 28.5% alfalfa hay). Heifers consuming HAY diet showed greater (P < 0.05) RT (min/day) and AT (bits/day) than did those on CS diet. Rumination time per kilogram of dry matter and per kilogram of amylase- and sodium sulfite-treated neutral detergent fibre corrected for ash residue (aNDFom) intake were similar in the two experimental groups, while RT per kilogram of physical effective NDF (peNDF) intake was greater (P < 0.05) in the CS group than in the HAY one. Daily rumination and activity patterns (min/2 h and bits/2 h respectively) were significantly different between CS and HAY groups. In the second experiment, 32 beef heifers were randomly allocated in two homogeneous pens, each containing eight animals, and two non-homogeneous ones, in which animals were added at different periods. The AT of non-homogeneous pens was significantly higher than that of the homogeneous ones, suggesting a distress condition for values higher than 309 bits/day AT. In the third experiment, RT and AT of three animals with respiratory disease were collected using the automatic collar system and compared with AT and RT of the healthy animals. Sick animals presented a significantly lower RT and higher AT than did the healthy ones. The cut-off to distinguish sick from healthy heifers was set to 537 bits/day AT and 381 min/day RT. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that automatic collars can reliably monitor different rumination and activity behaviours of beef animals in various management conditions and different health statuses.
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Bucci D, Giaretta E, Merlo B, Iacono E, Spinaci M, Gadani B, Mari G, Tamanini C, Galeati G. Alkaline phosphatase added to capacitating medium enhances horse sperm-zona pellucida binding. Theriogenology 2017; 87:72-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Giaretta E, Munerato M, Yeste M, Galeati G, Spinaci M, Tamanini C, Mari G, Bucci D. Implementing an open-access CASA software for the assessment of stallion sperm motility: Relationship with other sperm quality parameters. Anim Reprod Sci 2017; 176:11-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Galeati G, Giaretta E, Zannoni A, Bucci D, Tamanini C, Forni M, Spinaci M. Embelin supplementation of in vitro maturation medium does not influence nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation of pig oocytes. J Physiol Pharmacol 2016; 67:513-519. [PMID: 27779472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress caused from in vitro culture contributes to inadequate oocyte maturation which leads to a poor embryo development. Therefore, it is important to protect oocytes and embryos against oxidative stress. This study was aimed at evaluating the effect of Embelin (2,5-dihydroxy-3-undecyl-1,4-benzoquinone), an antioxidant with various pharmacologic activities, on nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation of pig oocytes as well as on steroidogenesis of cumulus cells (CCs). Another objective was to determine the influence of Embelin on developmental competence of pig oocytes as well as the expression levels of three key genes (Nanog, Sox2 and Oct4) involved in the control of pluripotency in parthenogenetically activated embryos. Embelin (0, 10, 20 and 40 μM) was added during in vitro maturation of cumulus oocyte complexes; media of both the first and the second day of culture were collected and assayed for progesterone and estradiol-17β. At the end of the maturation period, the oocytes were fixed (to determine nuclear maturation) or partenogenically activated to evaluate cytoplasmic maturation and genes expression. Embelin did not exert any effect on the proportion of MII oocytes, steroidogenesis of CCs, percentage of embryos that developed to blastocyst stage and the number of blastomeres/blastocyst. Moreover, no significant differences of Oct4, Nanog and Sox2 transcripts were detected in blastocyst stage embryos. In conclusion, Embelin did not influence the reproductive parameters assessed, confirming that it is not possible to predict whether the beneficial effect exerted by an antioxidant in a particular tissue could be present also in another one.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Galeati
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie (DIMEVET), Universita di Bologna, Bologna, Italia.
| | - E Giaretta
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie (DIMEVET), Universita di Bologna, Bologna, Italia
| | - A Zannoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie (DIMEVET), Universita di Bologna, Bologna, Italia
| | - D Bucci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie (DIMEVET), Universita di Bologna, Bologna, Italia
| | - C Tamanini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie (DIMEVET), Universita di Bologna, Bologna, Italia
| | - M Forni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie (DIMEVET), Universita di Bologna, Bologna, Italia
| | - M Spinaci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie (DIMEVET), Universita di Bologna, Bologna, Italia
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Bucci D, Giaretta E, Spinaci M, Rizzato G, Isani G, Mislei B, Mari G, Tamanini C, Galeati G. Characterization of alkaline phosphatase activity in seminal plasma and in fresh and frozen–thawed stallion spermatozoa. Theriogenology 2016; 85:288-295.e2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Plaza Dávila M, Bucci D, Galeati G, Peña FJ, Mari G, Giaretta E, Tamanini C, Spinaci M. Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate (EGCG) Reduces Rotenone Effect on Stallion Sperm-Zona Pellucida Heterologous Binding. Reprod Domest Anim 2015; 50:1011-6. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Plaza Dávila
- Laboratory of Equine Reproduction and Equine Spermatology; Veterinary Teaching Hospital; University of Extremadura; Cáceres Spain
| | - D Bucci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET); University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | - G Galeati
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET); University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | - FJ Peña
- Laboratory of Equine Reproduction and Equine Spermatology; Veterinary Teaching Hospital; University of Extremadura; Cáceres Spain
| | - G Mari
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET); University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
- AUB INFA; University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | - E Giaretta
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET); University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | - C Tamanini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET); University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | - M Spinaci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET); University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
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Merlo B, Zambelli D, Cunto M, Iacono E, Nasi L, Giaretta E, Galeati G, Bucci D, Spinaci M. Sex-sorted canine sperm cryopreservation: limits and procedural considerations. Theriogenology 2015; 83:1121-7. [PMID: 25586638 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to define a protocol to store dog sperm before and after sorting to obtain an insemination dose sufficient to allow the conception by artificial insemination. Experiment 1 and 2 were performed to evaluate the more appropriate extender for preserving at room temperature dog sperm before and after sorting. Four extenders were tested: (1) Tris-fructose-citrate (TFC), (2) Tris-glucose-citrate (TGC), (3) modified Tyrode's albumin lactate pyruvate medium (mTALP), and (4) third fraction of the ejaculate (after centrifugation at 5000× g for 10 minutes; III FRAC). Experiment 3 and 4 were performed to evaluate the ability of dog semen to withstand sex sorting and freezing/thawing. Modified Tyrode's albumin lactate pyruvate medium was the best extender for canine sperm storage at room temperature (20 °C-25 °C) before (total motility: TFC, 8.3 ± 1.7; TGC, 50.0 ± 11.5; mTALP, 70.0 ± 0.1; III FRAC, 25.0 ± 1 0.4; P < 0.05) and after sorting (total motility: TFC, 7.3 ± 1.5; TGC, 10.3 ± 1.5; mTALP, 33.3 ± 6.7; III FRAC, 8.7 ± 5.8; P < 0.05), even if at 24-hour sorted sperm quality was impaired in all extenders tested herein. Sperm quality decreased after sorting (total motility: control, 92.5 ± 0.9; sorted, 52.9 ± 6.0; P < 0.05) and, especially, after freezing/thawing (total motility: frozen control, 25.7 ± 4.1; frozen sorted, 2.4 ± 1.2; P < 0.05). In conclusion, mTALP is an appropriate medium for canine sperm storage before and soon after sorting (hours), but a long storage period of sexed sperm at room temperature is not adequate. Cryopreservation greatly impaired sperm quality, and further studies are needed to optimize the freezing protocol for sexed dog sperm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Merlo
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Daniele Zambelli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Cunto
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Eleonora Iacono
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ludovica Nasi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisa Giaretta
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanna Galeati
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Diego Bucci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marcella Spinaci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Mari G, Bucci D, Love C, Mislei B, Rizzato G, Giaretta E, Merlo B, Spinaci M. Effect of cushioned or single layer semen centrifugation before sex sorting on frozen stallion semen quality. Theriogenology 2015; 83:953-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Giaretta E, Estrada E, Bucci D, Spinaci M, Rodríguez-Gil JE, Yeste M. Combining reduced glutathione and ascorbic acid has supplementary beneficial effects on boar sperm cryotolerance. Theriogenology 2015; 83:399-407. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Giaretta E, Bucci D, Mari G, Galeati G, Love CC, Tamanini C, Spinaci M. Is Resveratrol Effective in Protecting Stallion Cooled Semen? J Equine Vet Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2014.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Spinaci M, Bucci D, Mazzoni M, Giaretta E, Bernardini C, Vallorani C, Tamanini C, Clavenzani P, Galeati G. Expression of α-gustducin and α-transducin, G proteins coupled with taste receptors, in boar sperm. Theriogenology 2014; 82:144-51.e1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Revised: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Spinaci M, Merlo B, Love C, Mislei B, Rizzato G, Giaretta E, Bucci D, Mari G. Stallion semen quality after different pre-sorting treatments. J Equine Vet Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2013.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Bucci D, Galeati G, Giaretta E, Tamanini C, Spinaci M. Sex-sorting of boar spermatozoa does not influence the localization of glucose transporters. Reprod Biol 2013; 13:341-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2013.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Revised: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Bucci D, Isani G, Giaretta E, Spinaci M, Tamanini C, Ferlizza E, Galeati G. Alkaline phosphatase in boar sperm function. Andrology 2013; 2:100-6. [PMID: 24249651 DOI: 10.1111/j.2047-2927.2013.00159.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Alkaline phosphatase (AP) catalyses the detachment of phosphate residues from different substrates. Its activity has been demonstrated in seminal plasma and spermatozoa from porcine and other mammalian species; anyway, the role of AP in male reproduction has not been clarified yet and the aim of this study was to determine AP function in boar sperm capacitation and in vitro fertilization (IVF). AP activity was assayed in seminal plasma and in uncapacitated and in vitro capacitated (IVC) spermatozoa; in addition, capacitation was studied in presence of different doses of AP (1.2 and 2.5 IU/mL). The effect of different doses of AP (1.2 and 2.5 IU/mL) on several sperm parameters after IVC (viability, acrosome integrity with FITC-PSA, capacitation status with CTC staining, tyrosine phosphorylation) and on fertilizing ability during IVF were also evaluated. High AP activity was detected in seminal plasma, in particular in sperm-rich fraction; a lower activity was detected in uncapacitated spermatozoa while a significant decrease was evidenced after IVC. Viability was not changed by AP supplementation of the capacitating medium, whereas acrosome integrity and capacitation status were significantly affected by 1.2 and 2.5 doses, with a dose-dependent decrease in acrosome-reacted cells as well as in CTC B pattern displaying cells. As for sperm head protein phosphorylation, a decrease in relative fluorescence was detected in AP 2.5 group, if compared with capacitated one. After IVF, a dose-dependent decrease in penetrated oocytes was recorded, with an increase in monospermic zygote rate. In conclusion, we demonstrated that AP activity decreases under capacitating condition and that addition of AP to spermatozoa during capacitation results in a depression of the capacitating process and IVF. We can infer that AP plays a role in keeping spermatozoa quiescent until they are ejaculated and in modulating the acquisition of the fertilizing ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Bucci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie (DIMEVET), Università degli Studi di Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy
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Balao da Silva CM, Spinaci M, Bucci D, Giaretta E, Peña FJ, Mari G, Galeati G. Effect of sex sorting on stallion spermatozoa: Heterologous oocyte binding, tyrosine phosphorylation and acrosome reaction assay. Anim Reprod Sci 2013; 141:68-74. [PMID: 23953198 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2013.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Revised: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The interest on sex sorting by flow cytometry on the equine industry has been increasing over the years. In this work, three different tests were performed in order to evaluate the membrane status of sorted stallion spermatozoa: assessment of binding ability to porcine oocytes, evaluation of acrosome integrity after stimulation with A23187, and detection of tyrosine phosphorylation. These evaluations were made after incubation for 0h, 1.5h and 3h in a capacitating medium. Sorted stallion spermatozoa attached similarly to the porcine oocytes, when compared with control samples. Sorted spermatozoa were more prone to undergo acrosome reaction (P<0.05), at the beginning and after 1.5h and 3h of incubation, and also had higher tyrosine phosphorylation of the tail (P<0.001), only at the beginning of the incubation period. Apparently sex sorted stallion spermatozoa are in a more advanced status of membrane destabilization, which could be associated with capacitation, although similar binding ability to porcine oocytes is maintained.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Balao da Silva
- Laboratory of Equine Reproduction and Equine Spermatology, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain.
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