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Kurzella J, Miskel D, Rings F, Tholen E, Tesfaye D, Schellander K, Salilew-Wondim D, Held-Hoelker E, Große-Brinkhaus C, Hoelker M. Mitochondrial bioenergetic profiles of warmed bovine blastocysts are typically altered after cryopreservation by slow freezing and vitrification. Theriogenology 2024; 214:21-32. [PMID: 37839094 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
The widespread use of cryopreserved in vitro produced (IVP) bovine embryos is limited due to their low post-warming viability compared to their ex vivo derived counterparts. Therefore, the present study aimed to analyse in detail the consequences of cryopreservation (vitrification and slow freezing) on the bioenergetic profile of the embryo and its mitochondria. To accomplish that, day 7 IVP embryos were separated in a non-cryopreserved control group (fresh, n = 120, 12 replicates) or were either slow frozen (slow frozen, n = 60, 6 replicates) or vitrified (vitrified, n = 60, 6 replicates). An in-depth analysis of the bioenergetic profiles was then performed on these 3 groups, analysing pools of 10 embryos revealing that embryo cryopreservation both via vitrification and slow freezing causes profound changes in the bioenergetic profile of bovine embryos. Noteworthy, fresh embryos demonstrate a significantly (P < 0.05) higher oxygen consumption rate (OCR) compared to vitrified and slow frozen counterparts (0.858 ± 0.039 vs. 0.635 ± 0.048 vs. 0.775 ± 0.046 pmol/min/embryo). This was found to be largely due to significantly reduced mitochondrial oxygen consumption in both vitrified and deep-frozen embryos compared to fresh counterparts (0.541 ± 0.057 vs. 0.689 ± 0.044 vs. 0.808 ± 0.025 pmol/min/embryo). Conversely, slow-frozen thawed blastocysts showed 1.8-fold (P < 0.05) higher non-mitochondrial OCR rates compared to fresh embryos. Maximum mitochondrial respiration of vitrified and slow-frozen embryos was significantly reduced by almost 1.6-fold compared to fresh embryos and the proportion of ATP-linked respiration showed significantly lower values in vitrified thawed embryos compared to fresh embryos (1.1-fold, P < 0.05). Likewise, vitrification-warming and freeze-thawing reduced reactive glycolytic capacity (1.4 fold, 1.2-fold)as well as compensatory glycolytic capacity to provide energy in response to mitochondrial deficiency (1.3-fold and 1.2-fold, P < 0.05). In conclusion, the present study has, to the best of our knowledge, identified for the first time a comprehensive overview of typical altered metabolic features of the bioenergetic profile of bovine embryos after cryopreservation, which have great potential to explain the detrimental effects of cryopreservation on embryo viability. Avoidance of these detrimental effects through technical improvements is therefore suggested to be mandatory to improve the viability of bovine embryos after cryopreservation-warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Kurzella
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Animal Breeding, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 15, Bonn, 53115, Germany.
| | - Dennis Miskel
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Animal Breeding, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 15, Bonn, 53115, Germany.
| | - Franca Rings
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Animal Breeding, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 15, Bonn, 53115, Germany.
| | - Ernst Tholen
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Animal Breeding, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 15, Bonn, 53115, Germany.
| | - Dawit Tesfaye
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Colorado State University, 3105 Rampart Rd, Fort Collins, CO, 80521, United States.
| | - Karl Schellander
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Animal Breeding, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 15, Bonn, 53115, Germany.
| | - Dessie Salilew-Wondim
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Animal Breeding, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 15, Bonn, 53115, Germany; Department of Animal Science, Biotechnology and Reproduction of Farm Animals, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Burckhardtweg 2, 37077, Goettingen, Germany.
| | - Eva Held-Hoelker
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Animal Breeding, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 15, Bonn, 53115, Germany.
| | - Christine Große-Brinkhaus
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Animal Breeding, University of Bonn, Endenicher Allee 15, Bonn, 53115, Germany.
| | - Michael Hoelker
- Department of Animal Science, Biotechnology and Reproduction of Farm Animals, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Burckhardtweg 2, 37077, Goettingen, Germany.
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Sakagami N, Nishida K, Misumi K, Hirayama Y, Yamashita S, Hoshi H, Misawa H, Akiyama K, Suzuki C, Yoshioka K. The relationship between oxygen consumption rate and viability of in vivo-derived pig embryos vitrified by the micro volume air cooling method. Anim Reprod Sci 2016; 164:40-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2015.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Sakagami N, Nishida K, Akiyama K, Abe H, Hoshi H, Suzuki C, Yoshioka K. Relationships between oxygen consumption rate, viability, and subsequent development of in vivo–derived porcine embryos. Theriogenology 2015; 83:14-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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SAKAGAMI N, YAMAMOTO T, AKIYAMA K, NAKAZAWA Y, KOJIMA N, NISHIDA K, YOKOMIZO S, TAKAGI Y, ABE H, SUZUKI C, YOSHIOKA K. Viability of Porcine Embryos after Vitrification Using Water-soluble Pullulan Films. J Reprod Dev 2010; 56:279-84. [DOI: 10.1262/jrd.09-101h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Nobuo KOJIMA
- Kanagawa Prefectural Livestock Industry Technology Center
| | - Kouji NISHIDA
- Kanagawa Prefectural Livestock Industry Technology Center
| | | | | | - Hiroyuki ABE
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University
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Lopes AS, Wrenzycki C, Ramsing NB, Herrmann D, Niemann H, Løvendahl P, Greve T, Callesen H. Respiration rates correlate with mRNA expression of G6PD and GLUT1 genes in individual bovine in vitro-produced blastocysts. Theriogenology 2007; 68:223-36. [PMID: 17559924 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2007.04.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2007] [Revised: 04/23/2007] [Accepted: 04/25/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Quantification of embryo respiration is a promising procedure to assess embryonic metabolism and possibly select viable embryos. At the blastocyst stage, ATP is produced by glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, processes that require uptake of oxygen and glucose, which is regulated by the expression of GLUT1 and G6PD. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between respiration rates and relative abundances of G6PD and GLUT1 transcripts in individual bovine blastocysts produced in vitro. Respiration rates of 104 bovine in vitro-produced blastocysts were measured individually using the nanorespirometer technology. Real-time RT-PCR was employed to determine the relative abundance of G6PD and GLUT1 mRNA in individual embryos. The mean respiration rates were similar for male and female blastocysts of the same developmental stage, but the sex ratio was skewed towards males. GLUT1 expression was down-regulated in female versus male embryos. In contrast, a approximately 1.8-fold increase in the expression of G6PD mRNA was observed in female blastocysts when compared to male blastocysts, indicating that dosage compensation for this gene had not yet occurred. Both GLUT1 and G6PD expression levels were affected by morphological quality and stage of development. Expression of GLUT1 and G6PD mRNAs was correlated with respiration rates, indicating that, in metabolically active blastocysts, uptake of oxygen and glucose are jointly increased. These findings suggest that expression of genes for oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis are both involved in oxygen demanding ATP production.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Lopes
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Aahrus, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark.
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