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Richardson D, Pakianathan M, Ewens M, Mitchell H, Mohammed H, Wiseman E, Tweed M, Nichols K, Rawdah W, Cooper R, Macrowan R, Irish M, Evans A, Godbole G. British Association of Sexual Health and HIV (BASHH) United Kingdom national guideline for the management of sexually transmitted enteric infections 2023. Int J STD AIDS 2023:9564624231168217. [PMID: 37247427 DOI: 10.1177/09564624231168217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This is the first British Association of Sexual Health and HIV (BASHH) national guideline for the management of sexually transmitted enteric infections (STEI). This guideline is primarily aimed for level 3 sexual health clinics; however, it may also be applicable to other settings such as primary care or other hospital departments where individuals with STEI may present. This guideline makes recommendations on testing, management, partner notification and public health control of STEI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Richardson
- University Hospitals Sussex NHS Foundation Trust, Brighton, UK
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Waseem Rawdah
- University Hospitals Sussex NHS Foundation Trust, Brighton, UK
| | - Richard Cooper
- University Hospitals Sussex NHS Foundation Trust, Brighton, UK
| | | | | | - Amy Evans
- University Hospitals Sussex NHS Foundation Trust, Brighton, UK
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
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2
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Disgust sensitivity predicts sociosexuality across cultures. EVOL HUM BEHAV 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2022.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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3
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Resurgence of intestinal ascariasis among adults: radiological diagnosis and clinical implications. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2022; 47:915-922. [PMID: 35015117 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-022-03407-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
To report the radiological features of intestinal ascariasis and to review the clinical implications of this re-emerging disease for adult population of the USA. This retrospective observational study involved 12 adult patients, whose radiological examinations disclosed unsuspected presence of ascaris in their intestinal tract. They were evaluated by computed tomography of the abdomen with oral contrast, small bowel series with barium, and magnetic resonance enterography. This series included 7 men and 5 women, who ranged in age from 19 to 72 years (mean age 48 years). The typical configuration of ascaris within the bowel loops was demonstrated on CT of the abdomen in 5 patients, small bowel examination with barium in 3, and by MR enterography in another 4 cases. Our study highlights the radiological appearances of intestinal ascariasis and the clinical implications of this resurging disease. The practicing radiologists should be aware of these findings, particularly when examining patients who have immigrated from or traveled to the endemic regions.
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Fernández-Huerta M, Zarzuela F, Barberá MJ, Arando M, Esperalba J, Rodríguez V, Vall M, Falcó V, García-Pérez JN, Pumarola T, Espasa M, Sulleiro E. Sexual Transmission of Intestinal Parasites and Other Enteric Pathogens among Men Who Have Sex with Men Presenting Gastrointestinal Symptoms in an STI Unit in Barcelona, Spain: A Cross-Sectional Study. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020; 101:1388-1391. [PMID: 31549611 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.19-0312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are a major problem worldwide. In addition, the spectrum of STIs is now expanding, including parasitic, bacterial, and viral infections. The study retrospectively describes the presence of enteric pathogens among 73 patients with gastrointestinal symptoms of enteritis and proctocolitis attending to an STI unit in Barcelona, Spain, between 2015 and 2016. Only patients investigated for intestinal parasitic infections were included in the study. Different diagnostic procedures were established for the detection of parasites, bacterial enteropathogens, and other STI agents. Entamoeba histolytica was the most prevalent pathogen in our cohort (20.5%), especially among individuals with proctocolitis. Contrarily, Giardia intestinalis was detected in 11.0% of patients, only associated with enteritis cases. Polymicrobial infections were common in our study (45.2%). Of note, 55.6% of shigellosis cases were coinfected with E. histolytica. The investigation highlights the importance of including parasites as differential gastrointestinal diagnosis, disregarding travel history, particularly among risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Fernández-Huerta
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Microbiology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, PROSICS Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Zarzuela
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Microbiology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, PROSICS Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María-Jesús Barberá
- University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Infectious Diseases Department, Sexually Transmitted Infections Unit Vall d'Hebron-Drassanes, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maider Arando
- Infectious Diseases Department, Sexually Transmitted Infections Unit Vall d'Hebron-Drassanes, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juliana Esperalba
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Microbiology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, PROSICS Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Virginia Rodríguez
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Microbiology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, PROSICS Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Martí Vall
- Infectious Diseases Department, Sexually Transmitted Infections Unit Vall d'Hebron-Drassanes, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vicenç Falcó
- Infectious Diseases Department, Sexually Transmitted Infections Unit Vall d'Hebron-Drassanes, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jorge-Néstor García-Pérez
- Infectious Diseases Department, Sexually Transmitted Infections Unit Vall d'Hebron-Drassanes, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tomàs Pumarola
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Microbiology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, PROSICS Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mateu Espasa
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Microbiology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, PROSICS Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Sulleiro
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Microbiology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, PROSICS Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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5
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Higa DH, Crepaz N, McDonald CM, Adegbite-Johnson A, DeLuca JB, Kamitani E, Sipe TA. HIV Prevention Research on Men Who Have Sex With Men: A Scoping Review of Systematic Reviews, 1988-2017. AIDS EDUCATION AND PREVENTION : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR AIDS EDUCATION 2020; 32:1-S7. [PMID: 32073309 DOI: 10.1521/aeap.2020.32.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the United States, men who have sex with men (MSM) are disproportionately affected by HIV. To identify research gaps and inform HIV prevention for MSM, we conducted a scoping review of systematic reviews using CDC's Prevention Research Synthesis database. Eligibility criteria comprised English-language systematic reviews focused on HIV prevention for MSM, published during 1988-2017, and included at least one U.S. primary study. We coded data type, subpopulations, topics, and key findings. To assess study quality, we used the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR). Among 129 relevant systematic reviews, study quality was high or moderate for 63%. Most common topics were sexual behavior and disease vulnerability. The most frequently mentioned MSM subgroups were HIV-positive, Black or African American, and young. Research gaps include Hispanic/Latino MSM, pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), treatment as prevention, social determinants of health, health disparities, syndemics, and protective factors for sexual health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darrel H Higa
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Nicole Crepaz
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Christina M McDonald
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Julia B DeLuca
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Emiko Kamitani
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Theresa Ann Sipe
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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6
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Castro AAD, Bacalhau F, Silva FFE, Avillez C, Batalheiro J. Entamoeba histolytica como causa de diarreia crônica. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE MEDICINA DE FAMÍLIA E COMUNIDADE 2019. [DOI: 10.5712/rbmfc14(41)1917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A diarreia crônica, caracterizada pela presença de mais de três dejeções de consistência pastosa durante pelo menos quatro semanas, é frequentemente encontrada na prática clínica. Na diarreia crônica, a probabilidade de uma etiologia infecciosa é baixa, sendo as causas funcionais, inflamatórias, osmóticas ou secretórias mais comuns. A amebíase intestinal é uma causa de diarreia crônica, causada pelo protozoário Entamoeba histolytica, sendo comum e prevalente em países em desenvolvimento. Pode ter várias formas de apresentação, sendo na maioria dos casos assintomática. Apresenta-se o caso clínico de um paciente de 27 anos, sexo masculino, raça caucasiana, homem que pratica sexo com homens (HSH), com diarreia crônica com início há cerca de seis anos. O exame objetivo não revelava alterações. Realizou exame parasitológico de fezes, com isolamento de quistos de Entamoeba histolytica. Foi medicado com metronidazol e paromomicina com resolução clínica do quadro. É importante para o Médico de Família equacionar esta etiologia na investigação de pacientes com diarreia, para um correto e atempado diagnóstico e tratamento, de modo a evitar exames desnecessários, possíveis complicações, a transmissãodo agente e um grave problema de saúde pública.
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Bourée P, Usubillaga R, Viard JP, Slama L, Salmon D. [Strongyloidiasis, a sexually transmitted disease]. Presse Med 2019; 48:322-324. [PMID: 30853289 DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2019.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Patrice Bourée
- Service des maladies infectieuses, Hôtel-Dieu, place du Parvis de Notre-Dame, 75004 Paris, France.
| | - Rafael Usubillaga
- Service des maladies infectieuses, Hôtel-Dieu, place du Parvis de Notre-Dame, 75004 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Paul Viard
- Service des maladies infectieuses, Hôtel-Dieu, place du Parvis de Notre-Dame, 75004 Paris, France
| | - Laurence Slama
- Service des maladies infectieuses, Hôtel-Dieu, place du Parvis de Notre-Dame, 75004 Paris, France
| | - Dominique Salmon
- Service des maladies infectieuses, Hôtel-Dieu, place du Parvis de Notre-Dame, 75004 Paris, France
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8
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Konecny P, Weatherall CJ, Adhikari S, Duflou J, Marjoniemi V, Pretorius CJ, McWhinney B. Case Report: Subcutaneous Ivermectin Pharmacokinetics in Disseminated Strongyloides Infection: Plasma and Postmortem Analysis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2018; 99:1580-1582. [PMID: 30334520 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.18-0387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Parenteral ivermectin treatment of disseminated strongyloidiasis and hyperinfection is increasing, although not licensed in humans and with limited pharmacokinetic data available. Plasma and postmortem tissue analysis in an human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/hepatitis C virus-positive man with disseminated strongyloidiasis suggests loading subcutaneous ivermectin doses are required, from which the central nervous system is protected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Konecny
- University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,St. George Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Suman Adhikari
- University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,St. George Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Johan Duflou
- University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Forensic Medicine Associates P/L, Sydney, Australia
| | - Veli Marjoniemi
- University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,St. George Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Carel J Pretorius
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Pathology Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Wirtz AL, Kamba D, Jumbe V, Trapence G, Gubin R, Umar E, Strömdahl SK, Beyrer C, Baral SD. A qualitative assessment of health seeking practices among and provision practices for men who have sex with men in Malawi. BMC INTERNATIONAL HEALTH AND HUMAN RIGHTS 2014; 14:20. [PMID: 24893654 PMCID: PMC4049421 DOI: 10.1186/1472-698x-14-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the context of a generalized epidemic and criminalization of homosexuality, men who have sex with men (MSM) in Malawi have a disproportionate burden of HIV compared to other adults. Past research has documented low uptake of HIV prevention and health services among MSM, self-reported fear of seeking health services, and concerns of disclosure of sexual orientation and discrimination in health settings. Qualitative research was conducted among MSM and health service providers in Blantyre, Malawi to understand underlying factors related to disclosure and health seeking behaviors and inform the development of a community-based comprehensive HIV prevention intervention. METHODS Using peer recruitment, eight MSM participants representing a range of ages, orientations, and social and behavioral characteristics were enrolled for in-depth interviews. Five service providers were recruited from the district hospital, local health and STI clinics, and a HIV prevention service organization. We use the Health Belief Model as a framework to interpret the influential factors on 1) health seeking and uptake among MSM, and 2) influences on provision of services by healthcare providers for MSM. RESULTS Results highlight disclosure fears among MSM and, among providers, a lack of awareness and self-efficacy to provide care in the face of limited information and political support. Service providers reported concerns of adverse repercussions related to the provision of services to men in same sex sexual relationships. Some MSM demonstrated awareness of HIV risk but believed that within the wider MSM community, there was a general lack of HIV information for MSM, low awareness of appropriate prevention, and low perception of risks related to HIV infection. CONCLUSIONS Qualitative research highlights the need for appropriate information on both HIV risks and acceptable, effective HIV prevention options for MSM. Information and educational opportunities should be available to the wider MSM community and the health sector. Health sector interventions may serve to increase cultural and clinical competency to address health problems experienced by MSM. To ensure availability and use of services in light of the criminalization and stigmatization of same sex practices, there is need to increase the safety of uptake and provision of these services for MSM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea L Wirtz
- Center for Public Health and Human Rights, Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N, Wolfe St,, Room E7144, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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10
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Mayer KH, Bekker LG, Stall R, Grulich AE, Colfax G, Lama JR. Comprehensive clinical care for men who have sex with men: an integrated approach. Lancet 2012; 380:378-87. [PMID: 22819653 PMCID: PMC5603076 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(12)60835-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Men who have sex with men (MSM) have unique health-care needs, not only because of biological factors such as an increased susceptibility to infection with HIV and sexually transmitted infections associated with their sexual behaviour, but also because of internalisation of societal stigma related to homosexuality and gender non-conformity, resulting in depression, anxiety, substance use, and other adverse outcomes. Successful responses to the global HIV/AIDS epidemic will require the development of culturally sensitive clinical care programmes for MSM that address these health disparities and root causes of maladaptive behaviour (eg, societal homophobia). Health-care providers need to become familiar with local outreach agencies, hotlines, and media that can connect MSM with positive role models and social opportunities. Research is needed to understand how many MSM lead resilient and productive lives in the face of discrimination to develop assets-based interventions that build on community support. Optimum clinical care for sexual and gender minorities is a fundamental human right. MSM deserve to be treated with respect, and health-care providers need to interact with them in ways that promote disclosure of actionable health information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth H Mayer
- Fenway Health, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA. khmayer@gmail
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Ballini A, Cantore S, Fatone L, Montenegro V, De Vito D, Pettini F, Crincoli V, Antelmi A, Romita P, Rapone B, Miniello G, Perillo L, Grassi FR, Foti C. Transmission of Nonviral Sexually Transmitted Infections and Oral Sex. J Sex Med 2012; 9:372-84. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2011.02515.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To update the reader on the latest developments in the laboratory diagnosis of intestinal protozoa. RECENT FINDINGS Correct identification of a diarrhoea causing pathogens is essential for the choice of treatment in an individual patient as well as to map the aetiology of diarrhoea in a variety of patient populations. Classical diagnosis of diarrhoea causing protozoa by microscopic examination of a stool sample lacks both sensitivity and specificity. Alternative diagnostic platforms are discussed. SUMMARY Recent literature on the diagnosis of intestinal protozoa has focused mainly on nucleic acid-based assays, in particular the specific detection of parasite DNA in stool samples using real-time PCR. In addition, the trend has been moving from single pathogen detection to a multiplex approach, allowing simultaneous identification of multiple parasites. Different combinations of targets can be used within a routine diagnostic setting, depending on the patient population, such as children, immunocompromised individuals and those who have been travelling to tropical regions. Large-scale monitoring and evaluation of control strategies become feasible due to automation and high-throughput facilities. Improved technology also has become available for differentiating protozoa subspecies, which facilitates outbreak investigations and extensive research in molecular epidemiology.
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