1
|
Choi JK, Naffouje SA, Goto M, Wang J, Christov K, Rademacher DJ, Green A, Stecenko AA, Chakrabarty AM, Das Gupta TK, Yamada T. Cross-talk between cancer and Pseudomonas aeruginosa mediates tumor suppression. Commun Biol 2023; 6:16. [PMID: 36609683 PMCID: PMC9823004 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04395-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms living at many sites in the human body compose a complex and dynamic community. Accumulating evidence suggests a significant role for microorganisms in cancer, and therapies that incorporate bacteria have been tried in various types of cancer. We previously demonstrated that cupredoxin azurin secreted by the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, enters human cancer cells and induces apoptotic death1-4. However, the physiological interactions between P. aeruginosa and humans and their role in tumor homeostasis are largely unknown. Here, we show that P. aeruginosa upregulated azurin secretion in response to increasing numbers of and proximity to cancer cells. Conversely, cancer cells upregulated aldolase A secretion in response to increasing proximity to P. aeruginosa, which also correlated with enhanced P. aeruginosa adherence to cancer cells. Additionally, we show that cancer patients had detectable P. aeruginosa and azurin in their tumors and exhibited increased overall survival when they did, and that azurin administration reduced tumor growth in transgenic mice. Our results suggest host-bacterial symbiotic mutualism acting as a diverse adjunct to the host defense system via inter-kingdom communication mediated by the evolutionarily conserved proteins azurin and human aldolase A. This improved understanding of the symbiotic relationship of bacteria with humans indicates the potential contribution to tumor homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juliana K Choi
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.,Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Samer A Naffouje
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.,General Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Masahide Goto
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of Illinois College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Konstantin Christov
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - David J Rademacher
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Core Imaging Facility, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Albert Green
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Arlene A Stecenko
- Division of Pulmonary, Asthma, Cystic Fibrosis, and Sleep, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Ananda M Chakrabarty
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Tapas K Das Gupta
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
| | - Tohru Yamada
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA. .,Richard & Loan Hill Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois College of Engineering, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fortes-Dias CL, Fernandes CAH, Ortolani PL, Campos PC, Melo LA, Felicori LF, Fontes MRM. Identification, description and structural analysis of beta phospholipase A 2 inhibitors (sbβPLIs) from Latin American pit vipers indicate a binding site region for basic snake venom phospholipases A 2. Toxicon X 2019; 2:100009. [PMID: 32550566 PMCID: PMC7286088 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxcx.2019.100009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Several snake species possess, in their circulating blood, endogenous PLA2 inhibitors (sbPLIs) with the primary function of natural protection against toxic enzymes from homologous and heterologous venoms. Among the three structural classes of sbPLIs – named α, β, and γ − the β class (sbβPLIs) is the least known with only four identified sequences, so far. The last class of inhibitors encompass molecules with leucine rich repeats (LRRs) motifs containing repeating amino acid segments. In the present study, we identified and characterized putative sbβPLIs from the liver and venom glands of six Latin American pit vipers belonging to Bothrops and Crotalus genera. The inhibitor from Crotalus durissus terrificus snakes (CdtsbβPLI) was chosen as a reference for the construction of the first in silico structural model for this class of inhibitors, using molecular modeling and molecular dynamics simulations. Detailed analyses of the electrostatic surface of the CdtsbβPLI model and protein-protein docking with crotoxin B from homologous venoms predict the interacting surface between these proteins. Transcripts of phospholipases A2 inhibitors from the β-class (sbβPLIs) were identified in Latin American pit vipers. Structural features of sbβPLIs were compared and discussed, including their characteristic leucine-rich repeats (LRRs). One sbβPLI (CdtsbβPLI) was chosen for the in silico construction of the first structural model of a sbβPLI. A possible mechanism of interaction between sbβPLIs and basic snake venom PLA2s was suggested. Docking predictions between CdtsbβPLI and crotoxin B highlighted the amino acids residues at the interaction surfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Consuelo Latorre Fortes-Dias
- Serviço de Enzimologia, Diretoria de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, Fundação Ezequiel Dias (FUNED), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alexandre H Fernandes
- Departamento de Física e Biofísica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil.,Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Paula Ladeira Ortolani
- Serviço de Enzimologia, Diretoria de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, Fundação Ezequiel Dias (FUNED), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Cota Campos
- Serviço de Enzimologia, Diretoria de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, Fundação Ezequiel Dias (FUNED), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - L A Melo
- Serviço de Enzimologia, Diretoria de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, Fundação Ezequiel Dias (FUNED), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Liza Figueiredo Felicori
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Marcos Roberto M Fontes
- Departamento de Física e Biofísica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hashimoto W, Ochiai A, Hong CS, Murata K, Chakrabarty AM. Structural studies on Laz, a promiscuous anticancer Neisserial protein. Bioengineered 2015; 6:141-8. [PMID: 25714335 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2015.1022303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Azurin and Laz (lipidated azurin) are 2 bacterial proteins with anticancer, anti-viral and anti-parasitic activities. Azurin, isolated from the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa, termed Paz, demonstrates anticancer activity against a range of cancers but not against brain tumors. In contrast, Laz is produced by members of Gonococci/Meningococci, including Neisseria meningitides which can cross the blood-brain barrier to infect brain meninges. It has been previously reported that Laz has an additional 39 amino acid moiety, called an H.8 epitope, in the N-terminal part of the azurin moiety that allows Laz to cross the entry barrier to brain tumors such as glioblastomas. Exactly, how the H.8 epitope helps the azurin moiety of Laz to cross the entry barriers to attack glioblastoma cells is unknown. In this paper, we describe the structural features of the H.8 moiety in Laz using X-ray crystallography and demonstrate that while the azurin moiety of Laz adopts a β-sandwich fold with 2 β-sheets arranged in the Greek key motif, the H.8 epitope was present as a disordered structure outside the Greek key motif. Structures of Paz and H.8 epitope-deficient Laz are well superimposed. The structural flexibility of the H.8 motif in Laz explains the extracellular location of Laz in Neisseria where it can bind the key components of brain tumor cells to disrupt their tight junctions and allow entry of Laz inside the tumors to exert cytotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Hashimoto
- a Laboratory of Basic and Applied Molecular Biotechnology; Graduate School of Agriculture ; Kyoto University ; Uji , Kyoto , Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yue Y, Wang Y, He Y, Yang S, Chen Z, Wang Y, Xing S, Shen C, Amin HM, Wu D, Song YH. Reversal of bortezomib resistance in myelodysplastic syndrome cells by MAPK inhibitors. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90992. [PMID: 24608798 PMCID: PMC3946707 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) comprise a heterogeneous group of malignant neoplasms with distinctive clinicopathological features. Currently, there is no specific approach for the treatment of MDS. Here, we report that bortezomib (BTZ), a proteasome inhibitor that has been used to treat plasma cell myeloma, induced G2/M phase cycle arrest in the MDS cell line SKM-1 through upregulation of Wee1, a negative regulator of G2/M phase transition. Treatment by BTZ led to reduced SKM-1 cell viability as well as increased apoptosis and autophagy. The BTZ-induced cell death was associated with reduced expression of p-ERK. To elucidate the implications of downregulation of p-ERK, we established the BTZ resistant cell line SKM-1R. Our data show that resistance to BTZ-induced apoptosis could be reversed by the MEK inhibitors U0126 or PD98059. Our results suggest that MAPK pathway may play an important role in mediating BTZ resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingxing Yue
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, Suzhou, China
| | - Yang He
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, Suzhou, China
| | - Shuting Yang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zixing Chen
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, Suzhou, China
| | - Shanshan Xing
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Congcong Shen
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hesham M. Amin
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Depei Wu
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis of Ministry of Health, Suzhou, China
- * E-mail: (YHS); (DPW)
| | - Yao-Hua Song
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- * E-mail: (YHS); (DPW)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Santini S, Bizzarri AR, Yamada T, Beattie CW, Cannistraro S. Binding of azurin to cytochromec551 as investigated by surface plasmon resonance and fluorescence. J Mol Recognit 2014; 27:124-30. [DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simona Santini
- Biophysics and Nanoscience Centre, CNISM, Dipartimento DEB; Università della Tuscia; Viterbo Italy
| | - Anna Rita Bizzarri
- Biophysics and Nanoscience Centre, CNISM, Dipartimento DEB; Università della Tuscia; Viterbo Italy
| | - Tohru Yamada
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology; University of Illinois; Chicago IL USA
| | - Craig W. Beattie
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology; University of Illinois; Chicago IL USA
| | - Salvatore Cannistraro
- Biophysics and Nanoscience Centre, CNISM, Dipartimento DEB; Università della Tuscia; Viterbo Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Shirai R, Gotou R, Hirano F, Ikeda K, Inoue S. Autologous extracellular cytochrome c is an endogenous ligand for leucine-rich alpha2-glycoprotein and beta-type phospholipase A2 inhibitor. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:21607-14. [PMID: 20442399 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.122788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Beta-type phospholipase A(2) inhibitory protein (PLIbeta) from the serum of the venomous snake Gloydius brevicaudus neutralizes basic phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) from its own venom, and it has 33% sequence homology with human leucine-rich alpha(2)-glycoprotein (LRG), which has been recently reported to bind cytochrome c (Cyt c) (Cummings, C., Walder, J., Treeful, A., and Jemmerson, R. (2006) Apoptosis 11, 1121-1129). In the present study, PLIbeta was found to bind Cyt c. The interactions of LRG and PLIbeta with Cyt c were compared by surface plasmon resonance analysis. Human LRG bound horse and snake Cyt c with dissociation constants of 1.58 x 10(-13) M and 1.65 x 10(-10) M, respectively, but did not bind yeast Cyt c, while G. brevicaudus PLIbeta bound horse, snake, and yeast Cyt c with dissociation constants of 1.05 x 10(-10) M, 2.37 x 10(-12) M, and 1.67 x 10(-6) M, respectively. On the other hand, LRG did not show any PLA(2) inhibitory activity and did not bind G. brevicaudus basic PLA(2), whereas PLIbeta bound the basic PLA(2) with a dissociation constant of 1.21 x 10(-9) M, which is smaller than those with the Cyt c described above. The PLA(2) inhibitory activity of PLIbeta was also found to be suppressed by the binding of Cyt c to PLIbeta. These results suggest that autologous Cyt c is an endogeneous ligand for LRG and PLIbeta and that these serum proteins neutralize the autologous Cyt c released from the dead cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryoichi Shirai
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Codina R, Vanasse A, Kelekar A, Vezys V, Jemmerson R. Cytochrome c-induced lymphocyte death from the outside in: inhibition by serum leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein-1. Apoptosis 2009; 15:139-52. [DOI: 10.1007/s10495-009-0412-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
8
|
Kwan JM, Fialho AM, Kundu M, Thomas J, Hong CS, Das Gupta TK, Chakrabarty AM. Bacterial proteins as potential drugs in the treatment of leukemia. Leuk Res 2009; 33:1392-9. [PMID: 19250673 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2009.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2008] [Revised: 12/19/2008] [Accepted: 01/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Azurin and Laz are bacterial proteins that have been shown to exert anticancer effects against a variety of solid tumors. Their effects on liquid cancers have never been studied. We now show that they are also effective against liquid-borne cancers such as leukemia. Azurin and Laz can each enter in two leukemia cell lines but Laz exerts a greater cytotoxic effect on both K562 and HL60 cells, while having little effect on peripheral blood mononuclear cells, where they have very limited entry. In addition to Azurin and Laz, we have recently identified another protein, Pa-CARD, from Pseudomonas aeruginosa that carries a caspase recruitment domain (CARD)-like domain. This CARD domain polypeptide, called Pa-CARD, demonstrates cytotoxic activity against leukemia cells. In the leukemia cell lines, HL60 and K562, the anticancer activity of Laz and Pa-CARD is mediated through cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase involving the Wee1 protein stabilization and the depletion of phosphorylated AKT-Ser-473, the active form of a serine/threonine kinase that is often dysregulated in many cancer types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Kwan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Chicago, 835 S. Wolcott, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Optical investigation of the electron transfer protein azurin–gold nanoparticle system. Biophys Chem 2009; 139:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2008.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2008] [Revised: 09/19/2008] [Accepted: 09/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
10
|
Hiraoka Y, Granja AT, Fialho AM, Schlarb-Ridley BG, Das Gupta TK, Chakrabarty AM, Yamada T. Human cytochrome c enters murine J774 cells and causes G1 and G2/M cell cycle arrest and induction of apoptosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2005; 338:1284-90. [PMID: 16256942 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.10.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2005] [Accepted: 10/12/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome c is well known as a carrier of electrons during respiration. Current evidence indicates that cytochrome c also functions as a major component of apoptosomes to induce apoptosis in eukaryotic cells as well as an antioxidant. More recently, a prokaryotic cytochrome c, cytochrome c(551) from Pseudomonas aeruginosa, has been shown to enter in mammalian cells such as the murine macrophage-like J774 cells and causes inhibition of cell cycle progression. Much less is known about such functions by mammalian cytochromes c, particularly the human cytochrome c. We now report that similar to P. aeruginosa cytochrome c(551), the purified human cytochrome c protein can enter J774 cells and induce cell cycle arrest at the G(1) to S phase, as well as at the G(2)/M phase at higher concentrations. Unlike P. aeruginosa cytochrome c(551) which had no effect on the induction of apoptosis, human cytochrome c induces significant apoptosis and cell death in J774 cells, presumably through inhibition of the cell cycle at the G(2)/M phase. When incubated with human breast cancer MCF-7 and normal mammary epithelial cell line MCF-10A1 cells, human cytochrome c entered in both types of cells but induced cell death only in the normal MCF-10A1 cells. The ability of human cytochrome c to enter J774 cells was greatly reduced at 4 degrees C, suggesting energy requirement in the entry process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Hiraoka
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yamada T, Fialho AM, Punj V, Bratescu L, Gupta TKD, Chakrabarty AM. Internalization of bacterial redox protein azurin in mammalian cells: entry domain and specificity. Cell Microbiol 2005; 7:1418-31. [PMID: 16153242 DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-5822.2005.00567.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Azurin is a member of a group of copper-containing redox proteins called cupredoxins. Different cupredoxins are produced by different aerobic bacteria as agents of electron transfer. Recently, we demonstrated that azurin enters into J774 and several types of cancer cells leading to the induction of apoptosis. We now demonstrate that azurin is internalized in J774 or cancer cells in a temperature-dependent manner. Azurin shows preferential entry into cancer compared with normal cells. An 28-amino-acid fragment of azurin fused to glutathione S-transferase (GST) or the green fluorescent protein (GFP), which are incapable of entering mammalian cells by themselves, can be internalized in J774 or human melanoma or breast cancer cells at 37 degrees C, but not at 4 degrees C. Competition experiments as well as studies with inhibitors such as cytochalasin D suggest that azurin may enter cells, at least in part, by a receptor-mediated endocytic process. The 28-amino-acid peptide therefore acts as a potential protein transduction domain (PTD), and can be used as a vehicle to transport cargo proteins such as GST and GST-GFP fusion proteins. Another member of the cupredoxin family, rusticyanin, that has also been shown to enter J774 and human cancer cells and exert cytotoxicity, does not demonstrate preferential entry for cancer cells and lacks the structural features characteristic of the azurin PTD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tohru Yamada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, 60612, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|