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Liu Z, Zhou Y, Wang H, Liu C, Wang L. Recent advances in understanding the fitness and survival mechanisms of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Int J Food Microbiol 2024; 417:110691. [PMID: 38631283 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2024.110691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
The presence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus (Vp) in different production stages of seafood has generated negative impacts on both public health and the sustainability of the industry. To further better investigate the fitness of Vp at the phenotypical level, a great number of studies have been conducted in recent years using plate counting methods. In the meantime, with the increasing accessibility of the next generation sequencing and the advances in analytical chemistry techniques, omics-oriented biotechnologies have further advanced our knowledge in the survival and virulence mechanisms of Vp at various molecular levels. These observations provide insights to guide the development of novel prevention and control strategies and benefit the monitoring and mitigation of food safety risks associated with Vp contamination. To timely capture these recent advances, this review firstly summarizes the most recent phenotypical level studies and provide insights about the survival of Vp under important in vitro stresses and on aquatic products. After that, molecular survival mechanisms of Vp at transcriptomic and proteomic levels are summarized and discussed. Looking forward, other newer omics-biotechnology such as metabolomics and secretomics show great potential to be used for confirming the cellular responses of Vp. Powerful data mining tools from the field of machine learning and artificial intelligence, that can better utilize the omics data and solve complex problems in the processing, analysis, and interpretation of omics data, will further improve our mechanistic understanding of Vp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuosheng Liu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95618, USA
| | - Yi Zhou
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95618, USA
| | - Hongye Wang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95618, USA
| | - Chengchu Liu
- University of Maryland Sea Grant Extension Program, UMES Center for Food Science and Technology, Princess Anne, MD, United States
| | - Luxin Wang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95618, USA.
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2
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Velez KEC, Leighton RE, Decho AW, Pinckney JL, Norman RS. Modeling pH and Temperature Effects as Climatic Hazards in V ibrio Vulnificus and Vibrio Parahaemolyticus Planktonic Growth and Biofilm Formation. GEOHEALTH 2023; 7:e2022GH000769. [PMID: 37091291 PMCID: PMC10114089 DOI: 10.1029/2022gh000769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Climate-induced stressors, such as changes in temperature, salinity, and pH, contribute to the emergence of infectious diseases. These changes alter geographical constraint, resulting in increased Vibrio spread, exposure, and infection rates, thus facilitating greater Vibrio-human interactions. Multiple efforts have been developed to predict Vibrio exposure and raise awareness of health risks, but most models only use temperature and salinity as prediction factors. This study aimed to better understand the potential effects of temperature and pH on V. vulnificus and V. parahaemolyticus planktonic and biofilm growth. Vibrio strains were grown in triplicate at 25°, 30°, and 37°C in 96 well plates containing Modified Seawater Yeast Extract modified with CaCl2 at pH's ranging from 5 to 9.6. AMiGA software was used to model growth curves using Gaussian process regression. The effects of temperature and pH were evaluated using randomized complete block analysis of variance, and the growth rates of V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus were modeled using the interpolation fit on the MatLab Curve Fitting Toolbox. Different optimal conditions involving temperature and pH were observed for planktonic and biofilm Vibrio growth within- and between-species. This study showed that temperature and pH factors significantly affect Vibrio planktonic growth rates and V. parahaemolyticus biofilm formation. Therefore, pH effects must be added to the Vibrio growth modeling efforts to better predict Vibrio risk in estuarine and coastal zones that can potentially experience the cooccurrence of Vibrio and harmful algal bloom outbreak events.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. E. Correa Velez
- Department of Environmental Health SciencesUniversity of South CarolinaSCColumbiaUSA
- NIEHS Center for Oceans and Human Health and Climate Change InteractionsUniversity of South CarolinaSCColumbiaUSA
| | - R. E. Leighton
- Department of Environmental Health SciencesUniversity of South CarolinaSCColumbiaUSA
- NIEHS Center for Oceans and Human Health and Climate Change InteractionsUniversity of South CarolinaSCColumbiaUSA
| | - A. W. Decho
- Department of Environmental Health SciencesUniversity of South CarolinaSCColumbiaUSA
- NIEHS Center for Oceans and Human Health and Climate Change InteractionsUniversity of South CarolinaSCColumbiaUSA
| | - J. L. Pinckney
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of South CarolinaSCColumbiaUSA
- School of the Earth, Ocean and EnvironmentUniversity of South CarolinaSCColumbiaUSA
| | - R. S. Norman
- Department of Environmental Health SciencesUniversity of South CarolinaSCColumbiaUSA
- NIEHS Center for Oceans and Human Health and Climate Change InteractionsUniversity of South CarolinaSCColumbiaUSA
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Shleeva MO, Kaprelyants AS. Hypobiosis of Mycobacteria: Biochemical Aspects. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2023; 88:S52-S74. [PMID: 37069114 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297923140043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Under suboptimal growth conditions, bacteria can transit to the dormant forms characterized by a significantly reduced metabolic activity, resistance to various stress factors, and absence of cell proliferation. Traditionally, the dormant state is associated with the formation of highly differentiated cysts and spores. However, non-spore-forming bacteria can transfer to the dormant-like hypobiotic state with the generation of less differentiated cyst-like forms (which are different from spores). This review focuses on morphological and biochemical changes occurred during formation of dormant forms of mycobacteria in particular pathogenic M. tuberculosis (Mtb) caused latent forms of tuberculosis. These forms are characterized by the low metabolic activity, the absence of cell division, resistance to some antibiotics, marked morphological changes, and loss of ability to grow on standard solid media ("non-culturable" state). Being produced in vitro, dormant Mtb retained ability to maintain latent infection in mice. After a long period of dormancy, mycobacteria retain a number of stable proteins with a potential enzymatic activity which could participate in maintaining of low-level metabolic activity in period of dormancy. Indeed, the metabolomic analysis showed significant levels of metabolites in the dormant cells even after a long period of dormancy, which may be indicative of residual metabolism in dormant mycobacteria. Special role may play intracellularly accumulated trehalose in dormant mycobacteria. Trehalose appears to stabilize dormant cells, as evidenced by the direct correlation between the trehalose content and cell viability during the long-term dormancy. In addition, trehalose can be considered as a reserve energy substrate consumed during reactivation of dormant mycobacteria due to the ATP-dependent conversion of trehalase from the latent to the active state. Another feature of dormant mycobacteria is a high representation of proteins participating in the enzymatic defense against stress factors and of low-molecular-weight compounds protecting cells in the absence of replication. Dormant mycobacteria contain a large number of hydrolyzing enzymes, which, on the one hand, ensure inactivation of biomolecules damaged by stress. On the other hand, the products of these enzymatic reactions can be used for the maintenance of energy state and vital activity of bacterial cells during their long-term survival in the dormant state, i.e., for creating a situation that we propose to refer to as the "catabolic survival". In general, dormant non-replicating mycobacterial cells can be described as morphologically altered forms that contain principal macromolecules and are stabilized and protected from the damaging factors by an arsenal of proteins and low-molecular-weight compounds. Because of the presumable occurrence of metabolic reactions in such cells, this form of survival should be referred to as hypobiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita O Shleeva
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Centre "Fundamentals of Biotechnology" of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071, Russia.
| | - Arseny S Kaprelyants
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Centre "Fundamentals of Biotechnology" of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071, Russia
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Wagley S. The Viable but Non-Culturable (VBNC) State in Vibrio Species: Why Studying the VBNC State Now Is More Exciting than Ever. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1404:253-268. [PMID: 36792880 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-22997-8_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
During periods that are not conducive for growth or when facing stressful conditions, Vibrios enter a dormant state called the Viable But Non-Culturable (VBNC) state. In this chapter, I will analyse the role of the VBNC state in Vibrio species survival and pathogenesis and the molecular mechanisms regulating this complex phenomenon. I will emphasise some of the novel findings that make studying the VBNC state now more exciting than ever and its significance in the epidemiology of these pathogens and critical role in food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sariqa Wagley
- Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon, UK.
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Multilocus Sequence Typing and Virulence Potential of Vibrio parahaemolyticus Strains Isolated from Aquatic Bird Feces. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0088622. [PMID: 35695558 PMCID: PMC9241773 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00886-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a Gram-negative, foodborne pathogenic bacterium that causes human gastroenteritis. This organism is ubiquitously present in the marine environment. Detection of V. parahaemolyticus in aquatic birds has been previously reported; however, the characterization of isolates of this bacterium recovered from these birds remains limited. The present study isolated and characterized V. parahaemolyticus from aquatic bird feces at the Bangpu Recreation Center (Samut Prakan province, Thailand) from 2016 to 2017, using multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and genome analysis. The results showed that V. parahaemolyticus was present in 34.9% (76/218) of the collected bird fecal samples. Among the ldh-positive V. parahaemolyticus isolates (n = 308), 1% (3/308) were positive for tdh, 1.3% (4/308) were positive for trh, and 0.3% (1/308) were positive for both tdh and trh. In turn, the MLST analysis revealed that 49 selected V. parahaemolyticus isolates resolved to 36 STs, 26 of which were novel (72.2%). Moreover, a total of 10 identified STs were identical to globally reported pathogenic strains (ST1309, ST1919, ST491, ST799, and ST2516) and environmental strains (ST1879, ST985, ST288, ST1925, and ST260). The genome analysis of isolates possessing tdh and/or trh (ST985, ST1923, ST1924, ST1929 and ST2516) demonstrated that the organization of the T3SS2α and T3SS2β genes in bird fecal isolates were almost identical to those of human clinical strains posing public health concerns of pathogen dissemination in the recreational area. The results of this study suggest that aquatic birds are natural reservoirs of new strains with high genetic diversity and are alternative sources of potentially pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus in the marine environment. IMPORTANCE To our knowledge, infection of foodborne bacterium V. parahamolyticus occurs via the consumption of undercooked seafood contaminated with pathogenic strains. Aquatic bird is a neglectable source that can transmit V. parahaemolyticus along coastal areas. This study reported the detection of potentially pathogenic V. parahamolyticus harboring virulence genes from aquatic bird feces at the recreational center situated near the Gulf of Thailand. These strains shared identical genetic profile to the clinical isolates that previously reported in many countries. Furthermore, the strains from aquatic birds showed extremely high genetic diversity. Our research pointed out that the aquatic bird is possibly involved in the evolution of novel strains of V. parahaemolyticus and play a role in dissimilation of the potentially pathogenic strains across geographical distance.
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Sami Z, Kaouthar M, Nadia C, Hedi BM. Effect of sunlight and salinity on the survival of pathogenic and non-pathogenic strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in water microcosms. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2022; 94:e10689. [PMID: 35112431 DOI: 10.1002/wer.10689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The effect of sunlight and salinities (10, 20, 39, and 60 psu) on the survival of Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains carrying either (thermostable direct hemolysin) tdh, the (thermostable related hemolysin) trh, and both or none of them were studied in water microcosms stabilized at 20°C using plate count agar and acridine orange direct viable count. All V. parahaemolyticus strains exposed to sunlight rapidly lose their culturability and evolve into a viable but non-culturable state (VBNC). However, the tdh positive strains remain more culturable than the non-virulent or trh positive strain but statically insignificant. At tested salinities, the survival time was higher at 10, 20, and 60 psu compared with that observed in seawater (39 psu). In seawater under dark condition, Vibrio strains remain culturable for up to 200 days with a significant difference between strains (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the non-pathogenic strain survives longer than the virulent ones. At different salinities, a better adaptation is observed at 10 and 20 psu compared with 39 and 60 psu. Resuscitations essays performed on VBNC bacteria in a nutrient broth at 20°C and 37°C does not show any revivification. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Effect of sunlight and salinities on the survival of V. parahaemolyticus in the marine environment. Resuscitation essay performed on viable but no cultivable bacteria. Microscope motility examines show that all strains exposed to sunlight remain motile after the loss of cultivability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaafrane Sami
- National Institute of Sciences and Seawater Technologies Salammbô, Salammbo, Tunisia
| | - Maatouk Kaouthar
- National Institute of Sciences and Seawater Technologies Salammbô, Salammbo, Tunisia
| | - Cherif Nadia
- National Institute of Sciences and Seawater Technologies Salammbô, Salammbo, Tunisia
| | - Ben Mansour Hedi
- Unité de Recherche Analyses et Procédés Appliqués à l'Environnement-ISSAT, Mahdia, Tunisia
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Roumia AF, Tsirigos KD, Theodoropoulou MC, Tamposis IA, Hamodrakas SJ, Bagos PG. OMPdb: A Global Hub of Beta-Barrel Outer Membrane Proteins. FRONTIERS IN BIOINFORMATICS 2021; 1:646581. [PMID: 36303794 PMCID: PMC9581022 DOI: 10.3389/fbinf.2021.646581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OMPdb (www.ompdb.org) was introduced as a database for β-barrel outer membrane proteins from Gram-negative bacteria in 2011 and then included 69,354 entries classified into 85 families. The database has been updated continuously using a collection of characteristic profile Hidden Markov Models able to discriminate between the different families of prokaryotic transmembrane β-barrels. The number of families has increased ultimately to a total of 129 families in the current, second major version of OMPdb. New additions have been made in parallel with efforts to update existing families and add novel families. Here, we present the upgrade of OMPdb, which from now on aims to become a global repository for all transmembrane β-barrel proteins, both eukaryotic and bacterial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed F. Roumia
- Department of Computer Science and Biomedical Informatics, University of Thessaly, Lamia, Greece
| | | | | | - Ioannis A. Tamposis
- Department of Computer Science and Biomedical Informatics, University of Thessaly, Lamia, Greece
| | - Stavros J. Hamodrakas
- Section of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, School of Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Pantelis G. Bagos
- Department of Computer Science and Biomedical Informatics, University of Thessaly, Lamia, Greece
- *Correspondence: Pantelis G. Bagos
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Yoon JH, Bae YM, Jo S, Moon SK, Oh SW, Lee SY. Optimization of resuscitation-promoting broths for the revival of Vibrio parahaemolyticus from a viable but nonculturable state. Food Sci Biotechnol 2021; 30:159-169. [PMID: 33552627 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-020-00843-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to examine the effect of formulated resuscitation-promoting broths on the revival of viable but nonculturable Vibrio parahaemolyticus induced by cold and starvation stresses. Vibrio parahaemolyticus was incubated in artificial sea water at 4 °C for more than 8 months until this bacterium became undetectable, while retaining its intact cell count of more than 105 CFU/field over time. On day 250, V. parahaemolyticus was collected and enriched in tryptic soy broth supplemented with 3% NaCl, 10,000 U/mg catalase, 2% sodium pyruvate, 20 mM MgSO4, 5 mM EDTA, and a cell-free supernatant taken from V. parahaemolyticus ATCC 17802 in the stationary phase (pH 8). V. parahaemolyticus returned partially to a culturable state with a maximal cell density of 7.91 log CFU/mL in this formulated medium following 7 days of enrichment at 25 °C. In contrast, no V. parahaemolyticus was resuscitated when enriched in alkaline peptone water and tryptic soy broth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hyun Yoon
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, 4726, Seodong-daero, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Min Bae
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, 4726, Seodong-daero, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do Republic of Korea
| | - Suyoung Jo
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, 4726, Seodong-daero, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Kwon Moon
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, 4726, Seodong-daero, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Wook Oh
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kookmin University, 77, Jeongneung-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Young Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, 4726, Seodong-daero, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do Republic of Korea
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Anas A, Sukumaran V, Nampullipurackal Devarajan D, Maniyath S, Chekidhenkuzhiyil J, Mary A, Parakkaparambil Kuttan S, Tharakan B. Probiotics inspired from natural ecosystem to inhibit the growth of Vibrio spp. causing white gut syndrome in Litopenaeus vannamei. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:66. [PMID: 33489684 PMCID: PMC7803865 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02618-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics inspired by host-microbe interactions in the natural ecosystem are propitious in controlling bacterial infections in aquaculture and veterinary systems. Here we report the isolation and characterization of pathogenic Vibrio spp. and lactic acid bacteria from an intensive culture system of Litopenaeus vannamei and natural ecosystem, respectively. The pathogen isolated from the gut of L. vannamei showing the symptoms of white gut disease were identified as V. parahaemolyticus and V. campbelli. Both the pathogens expressed the virulence genes, rtxA, and tcpA and were showing multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index of more than 0.5. The lactic acid bacteria isolated from the sediment and gut of benthic organisms (shrimp and polychaetes) collected from a tropical estuary were classified as member of 9 OTUs such as Pediococcus stilessi, Lactobacillus fermentum, L. rhamnosus, Weissella cibaria, Enterococcus durans, E. fecalis, Streptococcus gallolyticus and L. garvieae. Majority of these isolates were facultative in nature and were able to tolerate gastric juice and bile salt. Out of 83 bacteria isolated from sediment and gut, 36 showed abilities to reduce the pH of culture medium to less than five. Many of these isolates (34 Nos.) showed production of hydrolytic enzymes and secondary metabolites with antagonistic activity against both the pathogens (1 No.) or separately toward V. parahaemolyticus (9 Nos.) and V. campbelli (11 Nos.). Overall, the current study proposes a natural ecosystem as a potential source of lactic acid bacteria with probiotic potentials to prevent the vibriosis disease outbreaks in shrimp aquaculture systems. Further studies are required to understand the abilities of lactic acid bacteria to colonize shrimp intestine, stimulate immune system and manipulate microbiome. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-020-02618-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulaziz Anas
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre Cochin, Kochi, India
| | - Vrinda Sukumaran
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre Cochin, Kochi, India
| | | | - Shijina Maniyath
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre Cochin, Kochi, India
| | | | - Ann Mary
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre Cochin, Kochi, India
| | | | - Balu Tharakan
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre Cochin, Kochi, India
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10
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Yang J, Howe A, Lee J, Yoo K, Park J. An Improved Approach to Identify Bacterial Pathogens to Human in Environmental Metagenome. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 30:1335-1342. [PMID: 32627750 PMCID: PMC9728302 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2005.05033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The identification of bacterial pathogens to humans is critical for environmental microbial risk assessment. However, current methods for identifying pathogens in environmental samples are limited in their ability to detect highly diverse bacterial communities and accurately differentiate pathogens from commensal bacteria. In the present study, we suggest an improved approach using a combination of identification results obtained from multiple databases, including the multilocus sequence typing (MLST) database, virulence factor database (VFDB), and pathosystems resource integration center (PATRIC) databases to resolve current challenges. By integrating the identification results from multiple databases, potential bacterial pathogens in metagenomes were identified and classified into eight different groups. Based on the distribution of genes in each group, we proposed an equation to calculate the metagenomic pathogen identification index (MPII) of each metagenome based on the weighted abundance of identified sequences in each database. We found that the accuracy of pathogen identification was improved by using combinations of multiple databases compared to that of individual databases. When the approach was applied to environmental metagenomes, metagenomes associated with activated sludge were estimated with higher MPII than other environments (i.e., drinking water, ocean water, ocean sediment, and freshwater sediment). The calculated MPII values were statistically distinguishable among different environments (p<0.05). These results demonstrate that the suggested approach allows more for more accurate identification of the pathogens associated with metagenomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihoon Yang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea,Corresponding authors J.Y. Phone: +82-2-312-5798 Fax: +82-2-312-5798 E-mail:
| | - Adina Howe
- Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Jaejin Lee
- Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Keunje Yoo
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonhong Park
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea,Corresponding authors J.Y. Phone: +82-2-312-5798 Fax: +82-2-312-5798 E-mail:
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11
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Evaluation of the β-barrel outer membrane protein VP1243 as a candidate antigen for a cross-protective vaccine against Vibrio infections. Microb Pathog 2020; 147:104419. [PMID: 32768517 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a Gram-negative halophilic bacterium that causes acute gastroenteritis after the consumption of contaminated food, wound infection, and seizures. Antibiotic therapy is the main method for controlling Vibrio infections, which inevitably leads to drug resistance. Therefore, a vaccine is urgently needed to avoid this problem. Outer membrane proteins (OMPs) play a pivotal role in the interaction between the host immune system and bacteria. VP1243 is an OMP of V. parahaemolyticus, and it possessed immunogenicity in our previous study. The present study found that VP1243 was widely distributed, highly conserved and possessed similar surface epitopes among the major Vibrio species. The protein stimulated a strong antibody response and induced cross-reactive immune responses in V. parahaemolyticus, V. alginolyticus and V. vulnificus. Notably, it provided 100% immune protection against lethal challenges by the three Vibrio species in mice immunized with VP1243. Efficient clearance of cells of the three Vibrio bacterial species was observed in immunized mice. These findings provide solid evidence for VP1243 as a promising candidate for the development of a versatile vaccine to protect against Vibrio infections.
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12
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M Jayakumar J, Balasubramanian D, Reddi G, Almagro-Moreno S. Synergistic role of abiotic factors driving viable but non-culturable Vibrio cholerae. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2020; 12:454-465. [PMID: 32542975 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Vibrio cholerae O1, a natural inhabitant of estuarine environments, is found in a dormant, viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state during interepidemic periods. Although the individual roles of abiotic factors affecting VBNC formation have been extensively studied, their interplay in driving this phenomenon remains largely unaddressed. Here, we identified that major abiotic factors synergize with low nutrient conditions governing entry of cells into the VBNC state. Specifically, V. cholerae cells exposed to a combination of alkaline pH and high salinity under aeration at low temperatures (VBNC-inducing conditions) synergize to facilitate rapid entry into VBNC, whereas the opposite conditions prevented entry into the state. The major virulence regulator ToxR, and the stringent response protein RelA played opposing roles, repressing and facilitating VBNC entry respectively. Further, VBNC-inducing conditions negated the effects of ToxR and RelA, facilitating rapid formation of VBNC cells. In summary, this study highlights the synergy between critical abiotic factors and identified ToxR and RelA as two associated regulators, allowing for the persistence of V. cholerae in aquatic environments. Insights obtained in this study will help better understand environmental survival non-sporulating bacteria and transmission of facultative bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane M Jayakumar
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816
- National Center for Integrated Coastal Research, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816
| | - Deepak Balasubramanian
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816
- National Center for Integrated Coastal Research, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816
| | - Geethika Reddi
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816
- National Center for Integrated Coastal Research, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816
| | - Salvador Almagro-Moreno
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816
- National Center for Integrated Coastal Research, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816
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13
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Ye C, Lin H, Zhang M, Chen S, Yu X. Characterization and potential mechanisms of highly antibiotic tolerant VBNC Escherichia coli induced by low level chlorination. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1957. [PMID: 32029755 PMCID: PMC7005040 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58106-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli is an important pathogenic indicator in drinking water. Viable but non-culturable (VBNC) E. coli induced by low level chlorination was found to have higher antibiotic tolerance. The emerging of VBNC bacteria in drinking water systems is posing challenges to the control of bio-safety. It is necessary to study the underlying mechanisms of VBNC state E. coli under actual residual chlorine condition of drinking water pipe network. In this study, we investigated the changes of morphology and gene expressions that might present such state. The results indicated that the size of VBNC E. coli was not remarkably changed or recovered culturability under favorable environmental conditions. Results from transcriptomic analysis revealed that the regulated genes related to fimbrial-like adhesin protein, putative periplasmic pilin chaperone, regulators of the transcriptional regulation, antibiotic resistance genes and stress-induced genes, rendering VBNC cells more tolerant to adverse environmental conditions. In total of 16 genes were significantly up-regulated under the VBNC state, including three genes encoding toxic protein (ygeG, ibsD, shoB), indicating that VBNC E. coil was still a threat to human. The work is of great relevance in the context of better understanding this poorly understood physiological state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengsong Ye
- College of the Environment&Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Huirong Lin
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, China
| | - Menglu Zhang
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Yu
- College of the Environment&Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China. .,Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, People's Republic of China.
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Taneja N, Mishra A, Batra N, Gupta P, Mahindroo J, Mohan B. Inland cholera in freshwater environs of north India. Vaccine 2020; 38 Suppl 1:A63-A72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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15
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Dong K, Pan H, Yang D, Rao L, Zhao L, Wang Y, Liao X. Induction, detection, formation, and resuscitation of viable but non‐culturable state microorganisms. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2019; 19:149-183. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Dong
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human HealthCollege of Food Science and Nutritional EngineeringChina Agricultural University Beijing China
- College of Food Science and Nutritional EngineeringChina Agricultural University Beijing China
- Key Lab of Fruit and Vegetable ProcessingMinistry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Beijing China
| | - Hanxu Pan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human HealthCollege of Food Science and Nutritional EngineeringChina Agricultural University Beijing China
- College of Food Science and Nutritional EngineeringChina Agricultural University Beijing China
- Key Lab of Fruit and Vegetable ProcessingMinistry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Beijing China
| | - Dong Yang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human HealthCollege of Food Science and Nutritional EngineeringChina Agricultural University Beijing China
- College of Food Science and Nutritional EngineeringChina Agricultural University Beijing China
- Key Lab of Fruit and Vegetable ProcessingMinistry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Beijing China
| | - Lei Rao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human HealthCollege of Food Science and Nutritional EngineeringChina Agricultural University Beijing China
- College of Food Science and Nutritional EngineeringChina Agricultural University Beijing China
- Key Lab of Fruit and Vegetable ProcessingMinistry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Beijing China
| | - Liang Zhao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional EngineeringChina Agricultural University Beijing China
- Key Lab of Fruit and Vegetable ProcessingMinistry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Beijing China
| | - Yongtao Wang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional EngineeringChina Agricultural University Beijing China
- Key Lab of Fruit and Vegetable ProcessingMinistry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Beijing China
| | - Xiaojun Liao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human HealthCollege of Food Science and Nutritional EngineeringChina Agricultural University Beijing China
- College of Food Science and Nutritional EngineeringChina Agricultural University Beijing China
- Key Lab of Fruit and Vegetable ProcessingMinistry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Beijing China
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16
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Feng J, Wang Y, Jin R, Hao G. A universal random DNA amplification and labeling strategy for microarray to detect multiple pathogens of aquatic animals. J Virol Methods 2019; 275:113761. [PMID: 31693912 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2019.113761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Diseases caused by bacteria, fungi, and viruses pose a great threat to aquaculture. As DNA microarrays can be used to detect multiple pathogens, here we reported an array with the potential to simultaneously detect 13 bacterial and 11 viral pathogens of aquatic animals. The array included 853 oligonucleotide probes (20-40 mer) complementary to various virus-specific sequences and four chromosomal loci (16S rRNA, gyrB, dnaJ, and recA) of bacteria. Multiplex PCR, phi29 DNA polymerase, and a Klenow fragment-based method were evaluated for amplifying and labeling the nucleic acid of pathogens. While array hybridization signals were most intense using pathogen sequences amplified by multiplex PCR, the phi29 DNA polymerase method was more convenient and ideal since it did not require sequence-specific primers that could bias against detecting novel pathogens. The feasibility of the phi29 DNA polymerase-based microarray strategy was also demonstrated by detecting multiple unknown pathogens from four samples of diseased fish and shrimps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junli Feng
- Institute of Seafood, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Institute of Seafood, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Renyao Jin
- Institute of Seafood, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Guijie Hao
- Agriculture Ministry Key Laboratory of Healthy Freshwater Aquaculture, Key Laboratory of Fish Health and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, Huzhou 313001, China.
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17
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18
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Brenzinger S, van der Aart LT, van Wezel GP, Lacroix JM, Glatter T, Briegel A. Structural and Proteomic Changes in Viable but Non-culturable Vibrio cholerae. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:793. [PMID: 31057510 PMCID: PMC6479200 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquatic environments are reservoirs of the human pathogen Vibrio cholerae O1, which causes the acute diarrheal disease cholera. Upon low temperature or limited nutrient availability, the cells enter a viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state. Characteristic of this state are an altered morphology, low metabolic activity, and lack of growth under standard laboratory conditions. Here, for the first time, the cellular ultrastructure of V. cholerae VBNC cells raised in natural waters was investigated using electron cryo-tomography. This was complemented by a comparison of the proteomes and the peptidoglycan composition of V. cholerae from LB overnight cultures and VBNC cells. The extensive remodeling of the VBNC cells was most obvious in the passive dehiscence of the cell envelope, resulting in improper embedment of flagella and pili. Only minor changes of the peptidoglycan and osmoregulated periplasmic glucans were observed. Active changes in VBNC cells included the production of cluster I chemosensory arrays and change of abundance of cluster II array proteins. Components involved in iron acquisition and storage, peptide import and arginine biosynthesis were overrepresented in VBNC cells, while enzymes of the central carbon metabolism were found at lower levels. Finally, several pathogenicity factors of V. cholerae were less abundant in the VBNC state, potentially limiting their infectious potential. This study gives unprecedented insight into the physiology of VBNC cells and the drastically altered presence of their metabolic and structural proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Brenzinger
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology & Health, Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Lizah T. van der Aart
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology & Health, Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Gilles P. van Wezel
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology & Health, Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Jean-Marie Lacroix
- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, UMR CNRS 8576, Université de Lille Sciences et Technologies, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Timo Glatter
- Facility for Bacterial Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry, Max-Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Marburg, Germany
| | - Ariane Briegel
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology & Health, Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
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19
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Xu T, Cao H, Zhu W, Wang M, Du Y, Yin Z, Chen M, Liu Y, Yang B, Liu B. RNA-seq-based monitoring of gene expression changes of viable but non-culturable state of Vibrio cholerae induced by cold seawater. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2018; 10:594-604. [PMID: 30058121 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Vibrio cholerae O1 is a natural inhabitant of aquatic environments and causes the acute diarrheal disease cholera. Entry into a viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state is a survival strategy by which V. cholerae withstands natural stresses and is important for the transition between the aquatic and host environments during the V. cholerae life cycle. In this study, the formation of VBNC V. cholerae induced by cold seawater exposure was investigated using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). The analysis revealed that the expression of 1420 genes was changed on VBNC state formation. In the VBNC cells, genes related to biofilm formation, chitin utilization and stress responses were upregulated, whereas those related to cell division, morphology and ribosomal activity were mainly downregulated. The concurrent acquisition of a carbon source and the arrest of cell division in cells with low metabolic activity help bacteria increase their resistance to unfavourable environments. Moreover, two transcriptional regulators, SlmA and MetJ, were found to play roles in both VBNC formation and intestinal colonization, suggesting that some genes may function in both processes. This acquired knowledge will improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of stress tolerance and may help control future cholera infections and outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Xu
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Hengchun Cao
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, People's Repubilc of China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhu
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, People's Repubilc of China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Wang
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, People's Repubilc of China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhui Du
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, People's Repubilc of China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqiu Yin
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, People's Repubilc of China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Chen
- Lab of Microbiology, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yutao Liu
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, People's Repubilc of China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Yang
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, People's Repubilc of China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Liu
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, People's Repubilc of China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
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20
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De Silva BCJ, Hossain S, Dahanayake PS, De Zoysa M, Heo GJ. Comparative prevalence and characterization of Vibriospp. isolated from live and frozen white-leg shrimp ( Litopenaeus vannamei) in Korean markets. J Food Saf 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. C. J. De Silva
- Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine; Chungbuk National University; Cheongju Korea
| | - Sabrina Hossain
- Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine; Chungbuk National University; Cheongju Korea
| | - P. S. Dahanayake
- Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine; Chungbuk National University; Cheongju Korea
| | - Mahanama De Zoysa
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University; Daejeon Korea
| | - Gang-Joon Heo
- Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine; Chungbuk National University; Cheongju Korea
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21
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Sulca MA, Orozco R, Alvarado DE. Antimicrobial resistance not related to 1,2,3 integrons and Superintegron in Vibrio spp. isolated from seawater sample of Lima (Peru). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 131:370-377. [PMID: 29886960 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.04.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in microorganisms has been attributed to integrons, which have the ability to capture antimicrobial resistance gene cassettes and express them in their hosts. 170 strains of Vibrio spp. were isolated from Lima (Peru) seawater samples and identified by biochemical tests and PCR. AMR profiles were generated using 15 standard antibiotics. The presence of class 1, 2 and 3 integrons and Superintegron in these strains were also investigated by PCR. Ten species of Vibrio were identified with V. alginolyticus the most frequent. All strains were resistant to antibiotics, especially to penicillin group. No resistance to norfloxacin or tetracycline was observed. Class 1, 2 and 3 integrons were not found, only one Superintegron containing the mutT gene was identified in V. cholerae L22 strain. This indicated that AMR is not related to integrons as mentioned previously and that these strains can be reservoirs of resistance genes in marine environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos A Sulca
- Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Biological Science, National University of San Marcos, Lima, Peru; Aquatic Microbiology Laboratory, Alexander von Humboldt Aquaculture Research Center - IMARPE, Lima, Peru.
| | - Rita Orozco
- Aquatic Microbiology Laboratory, Alexander von Humboldt Aquaculture Research Center - IMARPE, Lima, Peru
| | - Débora E Alvarado
- Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Biological Science, National University of San Marcos, Lima, Peru
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22
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A rapid Salmonella detection method involving thermophilic helicase-dependent amplification and a lateral flow assay. Mol Cell Probes 2017; 34:37-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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23
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Hao M, Zhang P, Li B, Liu X, Zhao Y, Tan H, Sun C, Wang X, Wang X, Qiu H, Wang D, Diao B, Jing H, Yang R, Kan B, Zhou L. Development and evaluation of an up-converting phosphor technology-based lateral flow assay for the rapid, simultaneous detection of Vibrio cholerae serogroups O1 and O139. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179937. [PMID: 28662147 PMCID: PMC5491072 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrio cholerae serogroups O1 and O139 are etiological agents of cholera, a serious and acute diarrheal disease, and rapid detection of V. cholerae is a key method for preventing and controlling cholera epidemics. Here, a point of care testing (POCT) method called Vch-UPT-LF, which is an up-converting phosphor technology-based lateral flow (UPT-LF) assay with a dual-target detection mode, was developed to detect V. cholerae O1 and O139 simultaneously from one sample loading. Although applying an independent reaction pair made both detection results for the two Vch-UPT-LF detection channels more stable, the sensitivity slightly declined from 104 to 105 colony-forming units (CFU) mL-1 compared with that of the single-target assay, while the quantification ranges covering four orders of magnitude were maintained. The strip showed excellent specificity for seven Vibrio species that are highly related genetically, and nine food-borne species whose transmission routes are similar to those of V. cholerae. The legitimate arrangement of the two adjacent test lines lessened the mutual impact of the quantitation results between the two targets, and the quantification values did not differ by more than one order of magnitude when the samples contained high concentrations of both V. cholerae O1 and O139. Under pre-incubation conditions, 1×101 CFU mL-1 of V. cholerae O1 or O139 could be detected in fewer than 7 h, while the Vch-UPT-LF assay exhibited sensitivity as high as a real-time fluorescent polymerase chain reaction with fewer false-positive results. Therefore, successful development of Vch-UPT-LF as a dual-target assay for quantitative detection makes this assay a good candidate POCT method for the detection and surveillance of epidemic cholera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Hao
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, P. R. China
- Beijing Chaoyang District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Pingping Zhang
- Laboratory of Analytical Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of POCT for Bioemergency and Clinic (No. BZ0329), Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Baisheng Li
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Laboratory of Analytical Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of POCT for Bioemergency and Clinic (No. BZ0329), Beijing, P. R. China
- Chongqing Entry Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Yong Zhao
- Laboratory of Analytical Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of POCT for Bioemergency and Clinic (No. BZ0329), Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Hailing Tan
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Chongyun Sun
- Laboratory of Analytical Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of POCT for Bioemergency and Clinic (No. BZ0329), Beijing, P. R. China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xiaochen Wang
- Laboratory of Analytical Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of POCT for Bioemergency and Clinic (No. BZ0329), Beijing, P. R. China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Xinrui Wang
- Laboratory of Analytical Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of POCT for Bioemergency and Clinic (No. BZ0329), Beijing, P. R. China
- Institute for Plague Prevention and Control of Hebei Province, Zhangjiakou, Hebei, P. R. China
| | - Haiyan Qiu
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Duochun Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Baowei Diao
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Huaiqi Jing
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Ruifu Yang
- Laboratory of Analytical Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of POCT for Bioemergency and Clinic (No. BZ0329), Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Biao Kan
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Laboratory of Analytical Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of POCT for Bioemergency and Clinic (No. BZ0329), Beijing, P. R. China
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shanxi, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shanxi, P. R. China
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24
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Inactivation Kinetics ofVibrio parahaemolyticuson Sand Shrimp(Metapenaeus ensis)by Cinnamaldehyde at 4°C. J FOOD QUALITY 2017. [DOI: 10.1155/2017/5767925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sand shrimp(Metapenaeus ensis), shrimp shell, and shrimp meat were inoculated with a three-strain cocktail ofVibrio parahaemolyticuswith or without the natural antimicrobial cinnamaldehyde (2.5 mg/ml) and were, then, stored at 4°C for up to 25 days and 18 inactivation curves were obtained.V. parahaemolyticuswere inactivated down to the minimum level of detection (2.48 log CFU/g) on thiosulfate citrate bile salts sucrose agar (TCBS) plates within 7 and 10 days with low and high densities ofV. parahaemolyticusinoculation, 4.5 log CFU/g and 8.2 log CFU/g, respectively. With adding cinnamaldehyde, the inactivation process ofV. parahaemolyticuswith low populations, 4.5 log CFU/g, lasted for only 4 days. Therefore, cinnamaldehyde inactivated cells faster as expected. However, unexpectedly, in shrimp meat cases, cells have much more persistence of over even 25 days before entering the minimum level of detection both with and without cinnamaldehyde treatment. Therefore, a hypothesis was formed that when cells kept in cold environments (4°C) after several days recovered to up to 103–104CFU/g towards the end of the experiments and with starvation (shell and shrimp studies), cells might render a viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state.
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25
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Peng W, Shi Y, Li GF, He LG, Liang YS, Zhang Y, Zhou LB, Lin HR, Lu DQ. Tetraodon nigroviridis: A model of Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 56:388-396. [PMID: 27426523 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Vibriosis is the most common bacterial diseases and brings great economic loss on aquaculture. Vibrio parahaemolyticus (V. parahaemolyticus), a gram-negative bacterium, has been identified as one main pathogens of Vibriosis. The pathogenic mechanism of V. parahaemolyticus is not entirely clear now. In our study, a model of V. parahaemolyticus infection of green-spotted puffer fish (Tetraodon nigroviridis) was established. T. nigroviridis were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with 200 μL of V. parahaemolyticus (8 × 10(10) CFU/mL). V. parahaemolyticus infection caused 64% mortality and infected some organs of T. nigroviridis. Histopathology studies revealed V. parahaemolyticus infection induced tissue structural changes, including adipose hollow space in the liver. Immunohistochemistry showed V. parahaemolyticus were present in infected tissue such as liver, head kidney and spleen. In livers of T. nigroviridis infected by V. parahaemolyticus, the alkaline phosphatases (ALP) activity first gradually increased and then backed to normal level, a trend that was on the contrary to the expression profile of the miR-29b. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that the expression level of TLR1, TLR2, TLR5, TLR9, TLR21, NOD1, NOD2 and IL-6 in response to V. parahaemolyticus infection decreased compared to that of non-infected fish. The establishment of the T. nigroviridis model of V. parahaemolyticus infection further confirmed V. parahaemolyticus spreads through the blood circulation system primary as an extracellular pathogen. Meanwhile, liver is an important target organ when infected by V. parahaemolyticus. miR-29b in liver was involved in the progress of liver steatosis during V. parahaemolyticus infection. Moreover, V. parahaemolyticus infection in vivo may have an effect of immunosuppression on host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, College of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Yu Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Gao-Fei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, College of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Liang-Ge He
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, College of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Yao-Si Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, College of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, College of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Li-Bin Zhou
- Department of Life Sciences, Huizhou University, Huizhou, 516007, China
| | - Hao-Ran Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, College of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Dan-Qi Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, College of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
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Alqarni B, Colley B, Klebensberger J, McDougald D, Rice SA. Expression stability of 13 housekeeping genes during carbon starvation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Microbiol Methods 2016; 127:182-187. [PMID: 27297333 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2016.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) is a reliable technique for quantifying mRNA levels when normalised by a stable reference gene/s. Many putative reference genes are known to be affected by physiological stresses, such as nutrient limitation and hence may not be suitable for normalisation. In this study of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the expression of 13 commonly used reference genes, rpoS, proC, recA, rpsL, rho, oprL, anr, tipA, nadB, fabD, ampC, algD and gyrA, were analysed for changes in expression under carbon starvation and nutrient replete conditions. The results showed that rpoS was the only stably expressed housekeeping gene during carbon starvation. In contrast, other commonly used housekeeping genes were shown to vary by as much as 10-100 fold under starvation conditions. This study has identified a suitable reference gene for qRT-PCR in P. aeruginosa during carbon starvation. The results presented here highlight the need to validate housekeeping genes under the chosen experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Budoor Alqarni
- Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation, Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; The School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Brendan Colley
- Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation, Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; The School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Janosch Klebensberger
- University of Stuttgart, Institute of Technical Biochemistry, Allmandring 31, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Diane McDougald
- The ithree Institute, The University of Technology Sydney, Australia; Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering and the School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Scott A Rice
- Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation, Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; The School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering and the School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
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Brockgreitens J, Abbas A. Responsive Food Packaging: Recent Progress and Technological Prospects. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2015; 15:3-15. [PMID: 33371571 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Responsive food packaging is an emerging field in food packaging research and the food industry. Unlike active packaging, responsive packaging systems react to stimuli in the food or the environment to enable real time food quality and food safety monitoring or remediation. This review attempts to define and clarify the different classes of food packaging technologies. Special emphasis is given to the description of responsive food packaging including its technical requirements, the state of the art in research and the current expanding market. The development and promises of stimuli responsive materials in responsive food packaging are addressed, along with current challenges and future directions to help translate research developments into commercial products.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Brockgreitens
- Dept. of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, Univ. of Minnesota Twin Cities, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, U.S.A
| | - Abdennour Abbas
- Dept. of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, Univ. of Minnesota Twin Cities, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, U.S.A
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Meng L, Alter T, Aho T, Huehn S. Gene expression profiles of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in viable but non-culturable state. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2015; 91:fiv035. [DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiv035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Hazen TH, Lafon PC, Garrett NM, Lowe TM, Silberger DJ, Rowe LA, Frace M, Parsons MB, Bopp CA, Rasko DA, Sobecky PA. Insights into the environmental reservoir of pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus using comparative genomics. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:204. [PMID: 25852665 PMCID: PMC4371758 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is an aquatic halophilic bacterium that occupies estuarine and coastal marine environments, and is a leading cause of seafood-borne food poisoning cases. To investigate the environmental reservoir and potential gene flow that occurs among V. parahaemolyticus isolates, the virulence-associated gene content and genome diversity of a collection of 133 V. parahaemolyticus isolates were analyzed. Phylogenetic analysis of housekeeping genes, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, demonstrated that there is genetic similarity among V. parahaemolyticus clinical and environmental isolates. Whole-genome sequencing and comparative analysis of six representative V. parahaemolyticus isolates was used to identify genes that are unique to the clinical and environmental isolates examined. Comparative genomics demonstrated an O3:K6 environmental isolate, AF91, which was cultured from sediment collected in Florida in 2006, has significant genomic similarity to the post-1995 O3:K6 isolates. However, AF91 lacks the majority of the virulence-associated genes and genomic islands associated with these highly virulent post-1995 O3:K6 genomes. These findings demonstrate that although they do not contain most of the known virulence-associated regions, some V. parahaemolyticus environmental isolates exhibit significant genetic similarity to clinical isolates. This highlights the dynamic nature of the V. parahaemolyticus genome allowing them to transition between aquatic and host-pathogen states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy H Hazen
- School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta, GA, USA ; Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Patricia C Lafon
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nancy M Garrett
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Tiffany M Lowe
- School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Lori A Rowe
- Division of Scientific Resources, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Michael Frace
- Division of Scientific Resources, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Michele B Parsons
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Cheryl A Bopp
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - David A Rasko
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore, MD, USA ; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland Baltimore, MD, USA
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A European epidemiological survey of Vibrio splendidus clade shows unexplored diversity and massive exchange of virulence factors. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 31:461-75. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-015-1800-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Non-O1/non-O139 Vibrio cholerae carrying multiple virulence factors and V. cholerae O1 in the Chesapeake Bay, Maryland. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 81:1909-18. [PMID: 25556194 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03540-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-O1/non-O139 Vibrio cholerae inhabits estuarine and coastal waters globally, but its clinical significance has not been sufficiently investigated, despite the fact that it has been associated with septicemia and gastroenteritis. The emergence of virulent non-O1/non-O139 V. cholerae is consistent with the recognition of new pathogenic variants worldwide. Oyster, sediment, and water samples were collected during a vibrio surveillance program carried out from 2009 to 2012 in the Chesapeake Bay, Maryland. V. cholerae O1 was detected by a direct fluorescent-antibody (DFA) assay but was not successfully cultured, whereas 395 isolates of non-O1/non-O139 V. cholerae were confirmed by multiplex PCR and serology. Only a few of the non-O1/non-O139 V. cholerae isolates were resistant to ampicillin and/or penicillin. Most of the isolates were sensitive to all antibiotics tested, and 77 to 90% carried the El Tor variant hemolysin gene hlyAET, the actin cross-linking repeats in toxin gene rtxA, the hemagglutinin protease gene hap, and the type 6 secretion system. About 19 to 21% of the isolates carried the neuraminidase-encoding gene nanH and/or the heat-stable toxin (NAG-ST), and only 5% contained a type 3 secretion system. None of the non-O1/non-O139 V. cholerae isolates contained Vibrio pathogenicity island-associated genes. However, ctxA, ace, or zot was present in nine isolates. Fifty-five different genotypes showed up to 12 virulence factors, independent of the source of isolation, and represent the first report of both antibiotic susceptibility and virulence associated with non-O1/non-O139 V. cholerae from the Chesapeake Bay. Since these results confirm the presence of potentially pathogenic non-O1/non-O139 V. cholerae, monitoring for total V. cholerae, regardless of serotype, should be done within the context of public health.
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Li L, Mendis N, Trigui H, Oliver JD, Faucher SP. The importance of the viable but non-culturable state in human bacterial pathogens. Front Microbiol 2014; 5:258. [PMID: 24917854 PMCID: PMC4040921 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 546] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Many bacterial species have been found to exist in a viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state since its discovery in 1982. VBNC cells are characterized by a loss of culturability on routine agar, which impairs their detection by conventional plate count techniques. This leads to an underestimation of total viable cells in environmental or clinical samples, and thus poses a risk to public health. In this review, we present recent findings on the VBNC state of human bacterial pathogens. The characteristics of VBNC cells, including the similarities and differences to viable, culturable cells and dead cells, and different detection methods are discussed. Exposure to various stresses can induce the VBNC state, and VBNC cells may be resuscitated back to culturable cells under suitable stimuli. The conditions that trigger the induction of the VBNC state and resuscitation from it are summarized and the mechanisms underlying these two processes are discussed. Last but not least, the significance of VBNC cells and their potential influence on human health are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laam Li
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada
| | - Nilmini Mendis
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada
| | - Hana Trigui
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada
| | - James D Oliver
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Charlotte Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Sebastien P Faucher
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada
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Hino M, Zhang J, Takagi H, Miyoshi T, Uchiumi T, Nakashima T, Kakuta Y, Kimura M. Characterization of putative toxin/antitoxin systems in Vibrio parahaemolyticus. J Appl Microbiol 2014; 117:185-95. [PMID: 24698443 DOI: 10.1111/jam.12513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 03/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To obtain more information about the toxin/antitoxin (TA) systems in the Vibrio genus and also to examine their involvement in the induction of a viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state, we searched homologues of the Escherichia coli TA systems in the Vibrio parahaemolyticus genome. METHODS AND RESULTS We found that a gene cluster, vp1842/vp1843, in the V. parahaemolyticus genome database has homology to that encoding the E. coli TA proteins, DinJ/YafQ. Expression of the putative toxin gene vp1843 in E. coli cells strongly inhibited the cell growth, while coexpression with the putative antitoxin gene vp1842 neutralized this effect. Mutational analysis identified Lys37 and Pro45 in the gene product VP1843 of vp1843 as crucial residues for the growth retardation of E. coli cells. VP1843, unlike the E. coli toxin YafQ, has no protein synthesis inhibitory activity, and that instead the expression of vp1843 in E. coli caused morphological change of the cells. CONCLUSIONS The gene cluster vp1842/vp1843 encodes the V. parahaemolyticus TA system; VP1843 inhibits cell growth, whereas VP1842 serves as an antitoxin by forming a stable complex with VP1843. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The putative toxin, VP1843, may be involved in the induction of the VBNC state in V. parahaemolyticus by inhibiting cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hino
- Department of Health and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Nishikyushu University, Kanzaki-shi, Saga, Japan
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Induction, resuscitation and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analyses of viable but nonculturable Vibrio vulnificus in artificial sea water. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 30:2205-12. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-014-1640-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Haley BJ, Choi SY, Grim CJ, Onifade TJ, Cinar HN, Tall BD, Taviani E, Hasan NA, Abdullah AH, Carter L, Sahu SN, Kothary MH, Chen A, Baker R, Hutchinson R, Blackmore C, Cebula TA, Huq A, Colwell RR. Genomic and phenotypic characterization of Vibrio cholerae non-O1 isolates from a US Gulf Coast cholera outbreak. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86264. [PMID: 24699521 PMCID: PMC3974666 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Between November 2010, and May 2011, eleven cases of cholera, unrelated to a concurrent outbreak on the island of Hispaniola, were recorded, and the causative agent, Vibrio cholerae serogroup O75, was traced to oysters harvested from Apalachicola Bay, Florida. From the 11 diagnosed cases, eight isolates of V. cholerae were isolated and their genomes were sequenced. Genomic analysis demonstrated the presence of a suite of mobile elements previously shown to be involved in the disease process of cholera (ctxAB, VPI-1 and -2, and a VSP-II like variant) and a phylogenomic analysis showed the isolates to be sister taxa to toxigenic V. cholerae V51 serogroup O141, a clinical strain isolated 23 years earlier. Toxigenic V. cholerae O75 has been repeatedly isolated from clinical cases in the southeastern United States and toxigenic V. cholerae O141 isolates have been isolated globally from clinical cases over several decades. Comparative genomics, phenotypic analyses, and a Caenorhabditis elegans model of infection for the isolates were conducted. This analysis coupled with isolation data of V. cholerae O75 and O141 suggests these strains may represent an underappreciated clade of cholera-causing strains responsible for significant disease burden globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradd J. Haley
- Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | | | - Christopher J. Grim
- Food and Drug Administration, USFDA/CFSAN/DVA, Laurel, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Tiffiani J. Onifade
- Florida Department of Health Bureau of Environmental Public Health Medicine, Tallahassee, Florida, United States of America
| | - Hediye N. Cinar
- Food and Drug Administration, USFDA/CFSAN/DVA, Laurel, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ben D. Tall
- Food and Drug Administration, USFDA/CFSAN/DVA, Laurel, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Elisa Taviani
- Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Nur A. Hasan
- Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
- CosmosID, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | | | - Laurenda Carter
- Food and Drug Administration, USFDA/CFSAN/DVA, Laurel, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Surasri N. Sahu
- Food and Drug Administration, USFDA/CFSAN/DVA, Laurel, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Mahendra H. Kothary
- Food and Drug Administration, USFDA/CFSAN/DVA, Laurel, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Arlene Chen
- Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ron Baker
- Florida Department of Health Bureau of Public Health Laboratories, Jacksonville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Richard Hutchinson
- Florida Department of Health Bureau of Environmental Public Health Medicine, Tallahassee, Florida, United States of America
| | - Carina Blackmore
- Florida Department of Health Bureau of Environmental Public Health Medicine, Tallahassee, Florida, United States of America
| | - Thomas A. Cebula
- CosmosID, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Anwar Huq
- Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
- Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Rita R. Colwell
- Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
- CosmosID, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
- University of Maryland Institute for Advanced Computer Studies, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
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Elexson N, Afsah-Hejri L, Rukayadi Y, Soopna P, Lee H, Tuan Zainazor T, Nor Ainy M, Nakaguchi Y, Mitsuaki N, Son R. Effect of detergents as antibacterial agents on biofilm of antibiotics-resistant Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates. Food Control 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2013.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Alleron L, Khemiri A, Koubar M, Lacombe C, Coquet L, Cosette P, Jouenne T, Frere J. VBNC Legionella pneumophila cells are still able to produce virulence proteins. WATER RESEARCH 2013; 47:6606-17. [PMID: 24064547 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2013.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2013] [Revised: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Legionella pneumophila is the agent responsible for legionellosis. Numerous bacteria, including L. pneumophila, can enter into a viable but not culturable (VBNC) state under unfavorable environmental conditions. In this state, cells are unable to form colonies on standard medium but are still alive. Here we show that VBNC L. pneumophila cells, obtained by monochloramine treatment, were still able to synthesize proteins, some of which are involved in virulence. Protein synthesis was measured using (35)S-labeling and the proteomes of VBNC and culturable cells then compared. This analysis allowed the identification of nine proteins that were accumulated in the VBNC state. Among them, four were involved in virulence, i.e., the macrophage infectivity potentiator protein, the hypothetical protein lpl2247, the ClpP protease proteolytic subunit and the 27 kDa outer membrane protein. Others, i.e., the enoyl reductase, the electron transfer flavoprotein (alpha and beta subunits), the 50S ribosomal proteins (L1 and L25) are involved in metabolic and energy production pathways. However, resuscitation experiments performed with Acanthamoeba castellanii failed, suggesting that the accumulation of virulence factors by VBNC cells is not sufficient to maintain their virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laëtitia Alleron
- Laboratoire Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, UMR CNRS 7267, Equipe Microbiologie de l'Eau, B36, Université de Poitiers, 40 Avenue du Recteur Pineau, 86022 Poitiers Cedex, France
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Zhao J, Kang L, Hu R, Gao S, Xin W, Chen W, Wang J. Rapid oligonucleotide suspension array-based multiplex detection of bacterial pathogens. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2013; 10:896-903. [PMID: 23947819 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2012.1476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A gene-specific microsphere suspension array coupled with 15-plex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was developed to screen bacterial samples rapidly for 10 strains of bacteria: Shigella spp. (S. flexneri, S. dysenteriae, and S. sonnei), Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio cholerae (serology O1 and O139), Legionella pneumophila, and Clostridium botulinum (types A, B, and E). Fifteen sets of highly validated primers were chosen to amplify target genes simultaneously. Corresponding oligonucleotide probes directly conjugated with microsphere sets were used to specifically identify PCR amplicons. Sensitivity tests revealed that the array coupled with single PCR was able to detect purified genomic DNA at concentrations as low as 10 copies/μL, while the multiplex detection limit was 10-10⁴ copies/μL. The assay was validated using water samples artificially spiked with S. aureus and S. dysenteriae, as well as water specimens from swimming pools previously identified to contain S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyin Zhao
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences , Beijing, China
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Pinto D, Santos MA, Chambel L. Thirty years of viable but nonculturable state research: unsolved molecular mechanisms. Crit Rev Microbiol 2013; 41:61-76. [PMID: 23848175 DOI: 10.3109/1040841x.2013.794127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Viable but nonculturable (VBNC) cells were recognized 30 years ago; and despite decades of research on the topic, most results are disperse and apparently incongruous. Since its description, a huge controversy arose regarding the ecological significance of this state: is it a degradation process without real significance for bacterial life cycles or is it an adaptive strategy of bacteria to cope with stressful conditions? In order to solve the molecular mechanisms of VBNC state induction and resuscitation, researchers in the field must be aware and overcome common issues delaying research progress. In this review, we discuss the intrinsic characteristic features of VBNC cells, the first clues on what is behind the VBNC state's induction, the models proposed for their resuscitation and the current methods to prove not only that cells are in VBNC state but also that they are able to resuscitate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Pinto
- Center for Biodiversity, Functional and Integrative Genomics (BioFIG), Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon , Lisbon , Portugal
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Johnson CN. Fitness factors in vibrios: a mini-review. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2013; 65:826-851. [PMID: 23306394 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-012-0168-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Vibrios are Gram-negative curved bacilli that occur naturally in marine, estuarine, and freshwater systems. Some species include human and animal pathogens, and some vibrios are necessary for natural systems, including the carbon cycle and osmoregulation. Countless in vivo and in vitro studies have examined the interactions between vibrios and their environment, including molecules, cells, whole animals, and abiotic substrates. Many studies have characterized virulence factors, attachment factors, regulatory factors, and antimicrobial resistance factors, and most of these factors impact the organism's fitness regardless of its external environment. This review aims to identify common attributes among factors that increase fitness in various environments, regardless of whether the environment is an oyster, a rabbit, a flask of immortalized mammalian cells, or a planktonic chitin particle. This review aims to summarize findings published thus far to encapsulate some of the basic similarities among the many vibrio fitness factors and how they frame our understanding of vibrio ecology. Factors representing these similarities include hemolysins, capsular polysaccharides, flagella, proteases, attachment factors, type III secretion systems, chitin binding proteins, iron acquisition systems, and colonization factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal N Johnson
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
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Rashid A, Haley BJ, Rajabov M, Ahmadova S, Gurbanov S, Colwell RR, Huq A. Detection of Vibrio cholerae in environmental waters including drinking water reservoirs of Azerbaijan. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2013; 5:30-38. [PMID: 23757128 DOI: 10.1111/j.1758-2229.2012.00369.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2011] [Revised: 06/26/2012] [Accepted: 06/30/2012] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Cholera, a globally prevalent gastrointestinal disease, remains a persistent problem in many countries including the former Soviet republics of the Caucasus region where sporadic outbreaks occurred recently. Historically, this region has experienced cholera during every pandemic since 1816; however, no known comprehensive evaluation of the presence of Vibrio cholerae in surface waters using molecular methods has been done. Here we present the first report of the presence of V. cholerae in surface waters of Azerbaijan and its seasonality, using a combination of bacteriological and molecular methods. Findings from the present study indicate a peak in the presence of V. cholerae in warmer summer months relative to colder winter months. In the Caspian Sea, water temperature when optimal for growth of V. cholerae was significantly associated with detection of V. cholerae. Vibrio cholerae was simultaneously detected at freshwater sites including two water reservoirs. Most importantly, detection of V. cholerae in these water reservoirs, the source of municipal drinking water, poses a potential health risk to the population due to the limited and insufficient treatment of water in Azerbaijan. Routine monitoring of environmental waters used for recreational purposes, and especially drinking water reservoirs, is highly recommended as a measure for public health safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmadov Rashid
- Republican Anti Plague Station, Ministry of Health, Baku, Azerbaijan
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Patrone V, Campana R, Vallorani L, Dominici S, Federici S, Casadei L, Gioacchini AM, Stocchi V, Baffone W. CadF expression in Campylobacter jejuni strains incubated under low-temperature water microcosm conditions which induce the viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2013; 103:979-88. [PMID: 23314927 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-013-9877-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 01/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is a major gastrointestinal pathogen that colonizes host mucosa via interactions with extracellular matrix proteins such as fibronectin. The aim of this work was to study in vitro the adhesive properties of C. jejuni ATCC 33291 and C. jejuni 241 strains, in both culturable and viable but non-culturable (VBNC) forms. To this end, the expression of the outer-membrane protein CadF, which mediates C. jejuni binding to fibronectin, was evaluated. VBNC bacteria were obtained after 46-48 days of incubation in freshwater at 4 °C. In both cellular forms, the expression of the cadF gene, assessed at different time points by RT-PCR, was at high levels until the third week of VBNC induction, while the intensity of the signal declined during the last stage of incubation. CadF protein expression by the two C. jejuni strains was analysed using 2-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry; the results indicated that the protein, although at low levels, is also present in the VBNC state. Adhesion assays with culturable and VBNC cells, evaluated on Caco-2 monolayers, showed that non-culturable bacteria retain their ability to adhere to intestinal cells, though at a reduced rate. Our results demonstrate that the C. jejuni VBNC population maintains an ability to adhere and this may thus have an important role in the pathogenicity of this microorganism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vania Patrone
- Division of Toxicology, Hygienic and Environmental Sciences Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Via S. Chiara 27, 61029, Urbino, Italy
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Huq A, Haley BJ, Taviani E, Chen A, Hasan NA, Colwell RR. Detection, isolation, and identification of Vibrio cholerae from the environment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; Chapter 6:Unit6A.5. [PMID: 22875567 DOI: 10.1002/9780471729259.mc06a05s26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Recent molecular advances in microbiology have greatly improved the detection of bacterial pathogens in the environment. These improvements and a downward trend in the cost of molecular detection methods have contributed to increased frequency of detection of pathogenic microorganisms where traditional culture-based detection methods have failed. Culture methods also have been greatly improved, and the confluence of the two suites of methods provides a powerful tool for detection, isolation, and characterization of pathogens. While molecular detection provides data on the presence and type of pathogens, culturing methods allow a researcher to preserve the organism of interest for "-omics" studies, such as genomic, metabolomic, secretomic, and transcriptomic analysis, which are rapidly becoming more affordable. This has yielded a clearer understanding of the ecology and epidemiology of microorganisms that cause disease. In this unit, we present commonly accepted methods for isolation, detection, and characterization of V. cholerae, providing more extensive knowledge of the ecology and epidemiology of this organism. This unit has been fully revised and updated from the earlier version with the latest knowledge and additional information not previously included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwar Huq
- Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, Maryland, USA
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Arnandis-Chover T, Morais S, Tortajada-Genaro LA, Puchades R, Maquieira Á, Berganza J, Olabarria G. Detection of food-borne pathogens with DNA arrays on disk. Talanta 2012; 101:405-12. [PMID: 23158341 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2012.09.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Revised: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 09/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A DNA oligonucleotide array for duplex pathogen detection on a DVD platform is developed. The assay involves hybridization of PCR products and optical detection using compact disc technology. Different DNA array constructions for attachment of synthetic oligonucleotides on to DVD surface are evaluated, finding that streptavidin-biotin coupling method yielded the highest sensitivity in combination with enzymatic signal amplification. Issues of importance for the DNA array construction such immobilized probes design, PCR product labeling strategy and composition of the hybridization buffer were addressed. The methodology was proved scoring single nucleotide polymorphisms with high selectivity. The assay capability was also demonstrated by the identification of two pathogenic microorganisms in powder milk samples. In fifty minutes, the DVD-array system identifies Salmonella spp. and Cronobacter spp. (previously named Enterobacter sakazakii) precise and simultaneously with a sensitivity of 10(0) and 10(2) cfu/mL, respectively, in infant milk. Results were in good agreement with those obtained by quantitative real-time PCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Arnandis-Chover
- Centro de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico, Departamento de Química, Universitat Politécnica de Valéncia, Camino de Vera s/n, 46071 Valencia, Spain
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Anetzberger C, Schell U, Jung K. Single cell analysis of Vibrio harveyi uncovers functional heterogeneity in response to quorum sensing signals. BMC Microbiol 2012; 12:209. [PMID: 22985329 PMCID: PMC3511230 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-12-209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 09/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vibrio harveyi and closely related species are important pathogens in aquaculture. A complex quorum sensing cascade involving three autoinducers controls bioluminescence and several genes encoding virulence factors. Single cell analysis of a V. harveyi population has already indicated intercellular heterogeneity in the production of bioluminescence. This study was undertaken to analyze the expression of various autoinducer-dependent genes in individual cells. Results Here we used reporter strains bearing promoter::gfp fusions to monitor the induction/repression of three autoinducer-regulated genes in wild type conjugates at the single cell level. Two genes involved in pathogenesis - vhp and vscP, which code for an exoprotease and a component of the type III secretion system, respectively, and luxC (the first gene in the lux operon) were chosen for analysis. The lux operon and the exoprotease gene are induced, while vscP is repressed at high cell density. As controls luxS and recA, whose expression is not dependent on autoinducers, were examined. The responses of the promoter::gfp fusions in individual cells from the same culture ranged from no to high induction. Importantly, simultaneous analysis of two autoinducer induced phenotypes, bioluminescence (light detection) and exoproteolytic activity (fluorescence of a promoter::gfp fusion), in single cells provided evidence for functional heterogeneity within a V. harveyi population. Conclusions Autoinducers are not only an indicator for cell density, but play a pivotal role in the coordination of physiological activities within the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Anetzberger
- Munich Center for integrated Protein Science (CiPSM) at the Department of Biology I, Microbiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Großhaderner Str, 2-4, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
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Haley BJ, Chen A, Grim CJ, Clark P, Diaz CM, Taviani E, Hasan NA, Sancomb E, Elnemr WM, Islam MA, Huq A, Colwell RR, Benediktsdóttir E. Vibrio cholerae in an Historically Cholera-Free Country. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2012; 4:381-389. [PMID: 23185212 PMCID: PMC3505037 DOI: 10.1111/j.1758-2229.2012.00332.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We report the autochthonous existence of Vibrio cholerae in coastal waters of Iceland, a geothermally active country where cholera is absent and has never been reported. Seawater, mussel, and macroalgae samples were collected close to and distant from sites where geothermal activity causes a significant increase in water temperature during low tides. V. cholerae was detected only at geothermal-influenced sites during low-tides. None of the V. cholerae isolates encoded cholera toxin (ctxAB) and all were non-O1/non-O139 serogroups. However, all isolates encoded other virulence factors that are associated with cholera as well as extra-intestinal V. cholerae infections. The virulence factors were functional at temperatures of coastal waters of Iceland, suggesting an ecological role. It is noteworthy that V. cholerae was isolated from samples collected at sites distant from anthropogenic influence, supporting the conclusion that V. cholerae is autochthonous to the aquatic environment of Iceland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradd J. Haley
- Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Arlene Chen
- Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Christopher J. Grim
- Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Philip Clark
- Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Celia Municio Diaz
- Institute of Biology, Askja, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Elisa Taviani
- Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Nur A. Hasan
- Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- CosmosID™, 387 Technology Dr., College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Elizabeth Sancomb
- Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Wessam Mahmoud Elnemr
- Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Muhammad A. Islam
- Institute for the Biotechnology of Infectious Diseases, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Anwar Huq
- Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Rita R. Colwell
- Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- CosmosID™, 387 Technology Dr., College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Center of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Maryland Institute of Advanced Computer Studies, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Screening for a single-chain variable-fragment antibody that can effectively neutralize the cytotoxicity of the Vibrio parahaemolyticus thermolabile hemolysin. Appl Environ Microbiol 2012; 78:4967-75. [PMID: 22562997 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00435-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a halophilic bacterium that is widely distributed in water resources. The bacterium causes lethal food-borne diseases and poses a serious threat to human and animal health all over the world. The major pathogenic factor of V. parahaemolyticus is thermolabile hemolysin (TLH), encoded by the tlh gene, but its toxicity mechanisms are unknown. A high-affinity antibody that can neutralize TLH activity effectively is not available. In this study, we successfully expressed and purified the TLH antigen and discovered a high-affinity antibody to TLH, named scFv-LA3, by phage display screening. Cytotoxicity analysis showed that scFv-LA3 has strong neutralization effects on TLH-induced cell toxicity.
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Mishra A, Taneja N, Sharma M. Viability kinetics, induction, resuscitation and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analyses of viable but nonculturable Vibrio cholerae O1 in freshwater microcosm. J Appl Microbiol 2012; 112:945-53. [PMID: 22324483 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2012.05255.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM To study the induction of a viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state in Vibrio cholerae O1 in freshwater, in response to cold temperatures (4°C) and starvation. METHODS AND RESULTS Vibrio cholerae O1 cells were inoculated in freshwater microcosm and incubated at 4°C. The cells became coccoid, rugose and subsequently nonculturable by day 16 on tryptic soy agar (TSA) and by day 23 on TSA-SP, while 87 and 65% of the cells retained their membrane integrity, respectively. Viable cells were observed until day 30 using direct fluorescent antibody-direct viable count method. In vitro resuscitation was demonstrated by temperature upshift. Utilizing 16S rRNA as an endogenous control, the DNA pol II (27·43-fold), fliG (12·44-fold), ABC transporter (27·11-fold), relA (60·76-fold) and flaC (15·29-fold) were significantly up-regulated in VBNC cells, while the expression of fadL-3 was comparable. The expression of DNA pol II, fliG, ABC transporter, relA and flaC was 3·3, 1·1, 5·9, 5·8 and 1·2-fold, respectively, for resuscitated cells. VBNC cells were found to be virulent, as ctxA and tcpA were expressed. CONCLUSIONS Vibrio cholerae undergoes both phenotypic alteration and genotypic modulation to protect itself from stress in freshwater. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Induction and resuscitation of the VBNC state in freshwater is important for an understanding of the epidemiology of cholera in the freshwater environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mishra
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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