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Sasi R, Vasu ST. Batch-mode degradation of high-strength phenolic pollutants by Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain STV1713 immobilized on single and hybrid matrices. Biodegradation 2024:10.1007/s10532-023-10067-w. [PMID: 38310579 DOI: 10.1007/s10532-023-10067-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Controlled environments are pivotal in all bioconversion processes, influencing the efficacy of biocatalysts. In this study, we designed a batch bioreactor system with a packed immobilization column and a decontamination chamber to enhance phenol and 2,4-dichlorophenol degradation using the hyper-tolerant bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa STV1713. When free cells were employed to degrade phenol and 2,4-DCP at a concentration of 1000 mg/L, the cells completely removed the pollutants within 28 h and 66 h, respectively. Simultaneous reductions in chemical oxygen demand and biological oxygen demand were observed (phenol: 30.21 mg/L/h and 16.92 mg/L/h, respectively; 2,4-dichlorophenol: 12.85 mg/L/h and 7.21 mg/L/h, respectively). After assessing the degradation capabilities, the bacterium was immobilized on various matrices (sodium alginate, alginate-chitosan-alginate and polyvinyl alcohol-alginate) to enhance pollutant removal. Hybrid immobilized cells exhibited greater tolerance and degradation capabilities than those immobilized in a single matrix. Among them, polyvinyl alcohol-alginate immobilized cells displayed the highest degradation capacities (up to 2000 mg/L for phenol and 2500 mg/L for 2,4-dichlorophenol). Morphological analysis of the immobilized cells revealed enhanced cell preservation in hybrid matrices. Furthermore, the elucidation of the metabolic pathway through the catechol dioxygenase enzyme assay indicated higher activity of the catechol 1,2-dioxygenase enzyme, suggesting that the bacterium employed an ortho-degradation mechanism for pollutant removal. Additionally, enzyme zymography confirmed the presence of catechol 1,2-dioxygenase, with the molecular weight of the enzyme determined as 245 kDa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshmi Sasi
- School of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Calicut, Kerala, 673601, India
| | - Suchithra Tharamel Vasu
- School of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Calicut, Kerala, 673601, India.
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2
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Unnikrishnan R, Balakrishnan S, Sumod M, Sujanapal P, Balan B, Dev SA. Gender specific SNP markers in Coscinium fenestratum (Gaertn.) Colebr. for resource augmentation. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:93. [PMID: 38194000 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09044-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unregulated extraction of highly traded medicinal plant species results in drastic decline of the natural resources and alters viable sex ratio of populations. Conservation and long-term survival of such species, require gender specific restoration programs to ensure reproductive success. However, it is often difficult to differentiate sex of individuals before reaching reproductive maturity. C. fenestratum is one of the medicinally important and overexploited dioecious woody liana, with a reproductive maturity of 15 years. Currently, no information is available to identify sex of C. fenestratum in seedling stage while augmenting the resources. Thus, the current study envisages to utilize transcriptomics approach for gender differentiation which is imperative for undertaking viable resource augmentation programmes. METHODS AND RESULTS Gender specific SNPs with probable role in sexual reproduction/sex determination was located using comparative transcriptomics approach (sampling male and female individuals), alongside gene ontology and annotation. Nine sets of primers were synthesized from 7 transcripts (involved in sexual reproduction/other biological process) containing multiple SNP variants. Out of the nine primer pairs, only one SNP locus with no available information of its role in reproduction, showed consistent and accurate results (males-heterozygous and females-homozygous), in the analyzed 40 matured individuals of known sexes. Thus validated the efficiency of this SNP marker in differentiating male and female individuals. CONCLUSIONS The study could identify SNPs linked to the loci with apparent role in gender differentiation. This SNP marker can be used for early sexing of seedlings for in-situ conservation and resource augmentation of C. fenestratum in Kerala, India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remya Unnikrishnan
- Forest Genetics and Biotechnology Division, Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi, Thrissur, Kerala, 680653, India
- Cochin University of Science & Technology, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Swathi Balakrishnan
- Forest Genetics and Biotechnology Division, Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi, Thrissur, Kerala, 680653, India
- Cochin University of Science & Technology, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - M Sumod
- Sustainable Forest Management Division, Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi, Thrissur, Kerala, 680653, India
| | - P Sujanapal
- Sustainable Forest Management Division, Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi, Thrissur, Kerala, 680653, India
| | - Bipin Balan
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze-Ed. 4, Palermo, 90128, Italy
| | - Suma Arun Dev
- Forest Genetics and Biotechnology Division, Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi, Thrissur, Kerala, 680653, India.
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3
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Sasi R, Tharamel Vasu S. Revealing the degradation mechanisms of the hyper-tolerant bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa STV1713 under high phenol and 2,4-DCP-induced stress conditions through RNA-seq analysis. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024; 31:5625-5640. [PMID: 38123774 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31500-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The ability of bacteria to efficiently remove phenolic pollutants depends on their genetic makeup and environmental conditions. This study examined a novel strain, Pseudomonas aeruginosa STV1713, for degrading higher concentrations of phenol and 2,4-dichlorophenol. After optimization, a combination of degradation parameters, such as pH (7.0), temperature (32.5 °C), and ammonium nitrate concentration (0.7 g/L), was found to reduce degradation time while promoting cell growth. Under these optimal conditions, the bacterium effectively degraded up to 2000 mg/L of phenol and 1400 mg/L of 2,4-dichlorophenol, while maximum tolerance was observed till 2100 mg/L and 1500 mg/L, respectively. Metabolic profiling identified crucial metabolites in the ortho-degradation pathway during pollutant removal. Additionally, transcriptome analysis revealed that P. aeruginosa STV1713 utilizes different branches of the beta ketoadipate pathway for phenol and 2,4-DCP removal. Moreover, under high pollutant stress, the bacterium survived through differential gene expression in ribosome biogenesis, chemotaxis, membrane transport, and other pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshmi Sasi
- School of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Kozhikode, Kerala, India, 673601
| | - Suchithra Tharamel Vasu
- School of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Kozhikode, Kerala, India, 673601.
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4
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Lenin KLD, Antony SP. In silico molecular and functional characterization of a dual function antimicrobial peptide, hepcidin (GIFT-Hep), isolated from genetically improved farmed tilapia (GIFT, Oreochromis niloticus). J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2023; 21:130. [PMID: 37987875 PMCID: PMC10663414 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-023-00579-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), innate immune response molecules in organisms, are also known for their dual functionality, exemplified by hepcidin-an immunomodulator and iron regulator. Identifying and studying various AMPs from fish species can provide valuable insights into the immune profiles of aquaculturally significant fish, which can be made use of in its culture. RESULTS Hepcidin, a dual-function antimicrobial peptide, was isolated from the gill tissue of Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia (GIFT-Hep). GIFT-Hep consists of a 90 amino acid pre-propeptide with a 24-mer signal, a 40-mer propeptide, and a 26-mer mature peptide region. The mature peptide had a molecular weight of 3015.61 Da, a theoretical pI of 8.78, a net charge of +4.25, and a protein-binding potential of 2.06 kcal/mol. Four disulfide bonds were formed by eight cysteine residues in the mature region. The presence of positively charged arginine residues renders the peptide 50% hydrophobic. Molecular analysis of GIFT-Hep revealed the presence of a furin propeptide convertase motif, RX(K/R)R, which facilitates trimming of the peptide to yield the mature GIFT-Hep. The hypothetical iron regulatory sequence, QSHLSL, was also identified in the mature peptide. In silico predictions about the characteristics of GIFT-Hep, such as charge, hydrophobicity, high surface accessibility, transmembrane helical regions, hydrophobic faces, hot spots, and cell-penetrating properties, suggest that the peptide functions as an iron regulatory antimicrobial agent. CONCLUSIONS This study reports a hepcidin antimicrobial peptide with both HAMP1 and HAMP2 properties isolated from genetically improved farmed tilapia, and further evaluation of the properties will prove the feasibility of GIFT-Hep being used as a therapeutant in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Dhanya Lenin
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Kochi, Kerala, 682016, India
| | - Swapna P Antony
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Kochi, Kerala, 682016, India.
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5
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Joy R, Siddiqua H, Sharma S, Raveendran M, John F, Hassan P, Gawali SL, Raghavan SC, George J. Block Copolymer Encapsulation of Disarib, an Inhibitor of BCL2 for Improved Chemotherapeutic Potential. ACS Omega 2023; 8:40729-40740. [PMID: 37929147 PMCID: PMC10621013 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
A chemical inhibitor of antiapoptotic protein, BCL2, known as Disarib, suffers poor solubility in aqueous environments; thereby limiting its potential as a chemotherapeutic agent. To overcome this limitation and enhance the therapeutic efficacy of Disarib, we have employed the encapsulation of this small molecule inhibitor within P123 copolymer matrix. Micelles were synthesized using a thin-film hydration technique, and a comprehensive analysis was undertaken to evaluate the resulting micelle properties, including morphology, particle size, intermolecular interactions, encapsulation efficiency, and in vitro release characteristics. This assessment utilized various physicochemical techniques including UV spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). Disarib-loaded P123 micelle formulation denoted as P123D exhibited a well-defined particle size of approximately 29.2 nm spherical core-shell morphology. Our investigations revealed a notable encapsulation efficiency of 75%, and we observed a biphasic release pattern for the encapsulated Disarib. Furthermore, our cytotoxicity assessment of P123D micelles against mouse breast adenocarcinoma, mouse lymphoma, and human leukemic cell lines showed 40-45% increase in cytotoxicity compared with the administration of Disarib alone in the breast adenocarcinoma cell line. Enhancement in the cytotoxicity of P123D was found to be higher or limited; however, it is important to observe that the encapsulation method significantly enhanced the aqueous solubility of Disarib as it has the best solubility in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) in the unencapsulated state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshma Joy
- Bio-organic
Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Sacred
Heart College, Kochi 682013, India
| | - Humaira Siddiqua
- Department
of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Shivangi Sharma
- Department
of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Manthra Raveendran
- Department
of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Franklin John
- Bio-organic
Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Sacred
Heart College, Kochi 682013, India
| | | | - Santosh L Gawali
- Chemistry
Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Sathees C. Raghavan
- Department
of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Jinu George
- Bio-organic
Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Sacred
Heart College, Kochi 682013, India
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Krishnapriya TK, Deepti A, Chakrapani PSB, Asha AS, Jayaraj MK. Biocompatible, Europium-Doped Fluorapatite Nanoparticles as a Wide-Range pH Sensor. J Fluoresc 2023:10.1007/s10895-023-03461-3. [PMID: 37831354 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-023-03461-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
The development of a simple, biocompatible, pH sensor with a wide range of detection, using a single fluorescent probe is highly important in the medical field for the early detection of diseases related to the pH change of tissues and body fluids. For this purpose, europium-doped fluorapatite (FAP: Eu) nanoparticles were synthesized using the coprecipitation method. Doping with the rare earth element europium (Eu) makes the non-luminescent phosphate mineral fluorapatite, luminescent. The luminous response of the sample upon dissolution in hydrochloric acid (HCl), in highly acidic to weakly basic media, makes it a potential pH sensor. A linear variation was observed with an increase in pH, in both the total intensity of emission and the R-value or the asymmetry ratio. The ratiometric pH sensing enabled by the variation in R-value makes the sensor independent of external factors. The structural, optical, and photoluminescent (PL) lifetime analysis suggests a particle size-dependent pH sensing mechanism with the changes in the coordinated water molecules around the Eu3+ ion in the nanoparticle. Given its exceptional biocompatibility and pH-dependent fluorescence intensity for a wide range of pH from 0.83 to 8.97, the probe can be used as a potential candidate for pH sensing of biological fluid.
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Affiliation(s)
- T K Krishnapriya
- Nanomaterials for Emerging Solid-state Technology (NEST) Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, CUSAT, Kochi, 682022, India
| | - Ayswaria Deepti
- Centre for Neuroscience, Department of Biotechnology, CUSAT, Kochi, 682022, India
| | - P S Baby Chakrapani
- Centre for Neuroscience, Department of Biotechnology, CUSAT, Kochi, 682022, India
- Centre of Excellence in Advanced Materials, CUSAT, Kochi, 682022, India
| | - A S Asha
- Nanomaterials for Emerging Solid-state Technology (NEST) Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, CUSAT, Kochi, 682022, India.
- Centre of Excellence in Advanced Materials, CUSAT, Kochi, 682022, India.
- Inter-University Centre for Nanomaterials and Devices, CUSAT, Kochi, 682022, India.
| | - M K Jayaraj
- University of Calicut, Malappuram, 673635, India
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Beegum KAB, Sasi S, Thomas C, Mathew A, Raman R. Bluish-white Light-emitting 2D Sheets of Lead-free Perovskite Cesium Titanium Bromide (CsTiBr 3) by a Two-stage Deposition Technique. J Fluoresc 2023:10.1007/s10895-023-03444-4. [PMID: 37768464 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-023-03444-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Bluish-white light-emitting materials are commonly used in LED lighting because they produce natural-looking light. Here we report the photoluminescent emission (PL) of novel, two-dimensional lead-free CsTiBr3 perovskite prepared via a two-stage deposition process. The formation of two-dimensional nanosheets of CsTiBr3 perovskite is confirmed by XRD, EDAX, and FESEM analysis. The height of the cesium bromide thin film substrate from the titanium bromide vapor source plays an important role in the formation of two-dimensional CsTiBr3. The CsTiBr3 perovskite nanosheets exhibit unique exciton- luminescence at 440 nm and self-trapped exciton emission at 595 nm which are the characteristics of two-dimensional halide structure, along with the band-to-band emission at 400 nm at an excitation wavelength of 340 nm. The resulting bluish-white light PL emission makes two-dimensional CsTiBr3 perovskite an alternative material to the traditional lead-based perovskite in LEDs, display technology, solid-state lighting, and various optoelectronic devices, addressing environmental concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Benazeera Beegum
- Optoelectronic and Nanomaterials Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, Union Christian College, Aluva, 683102, Kerala, India
| | - Saranya Sasi
- Optoelectronic and Nanomaterials Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, Union Christian College, Aluva, 683102, Kerala, India
| | - Christeena Thomas
- Optoelectronic and Nanomaterials Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, Union Christian College, Aluva, 683102, Kerala, India
| | - Alex Mathew
- Optoelectronic and Nanomaterials Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, Union Christian College, Aluva, 683102, Kerala, India
| | - Reshmi Raman
- Optoelectronic and Nanomaterials Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, Union Christian College, Aluva, 683102, Kerala, India.
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8
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Wilson BJ, Philipose Pampadykandathil L. Novel Bone Void Filling Cement Compositions Based on Shell Nacre and Siloxane Methacrylate Resin: Development and Characterization. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:752. [PMID: 37508779 PMCID: PMC10376770 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10070752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Shell nacre from Pinctada species has been extensively researched for managing bone defects. However, there is a gap in the research regarding using shell nacre powder as a cement with improved biological and physicochemical properties. To address this, bone void filling cement was formulated by incorporating shell nacre powder and an organically modified ceramic resin (ormocer). The shell nacre powder was specifically processed from the shells of Pinctada fucata and analysed using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and Raman spectroscopy, confirming the presence of organic constituents and inorganic aragonite. Trace element analysis confirmed the eligibility of shell nacre powder for biomedical applications. Next, the ormocer SNLSM2 was synthesized through a modified sol-gel method. FTIR, Raman, TGA, and transmission electron microscopy studies revealed the presence of a ladder-structured siloxane backbone and methacrylate side chain. To develop chemical curable composite shell nacre cement (SNC), different amounts of shell nacre (24%, 48%, and 72%) were added to the SNLSM2 resin, and the impact on the physicochemical properties of the cement was studied. Among the compositions, SNC 72 exhibited significantly lower linear polymerization shrinkage (0.4%) and higher compressive (>100 MPa) and flexural strength (>35 MPa). SNC 72 was radiopaque, and the exotherm generated during the cement curing was minimal. Cytotoxicity studies with L929 cells revealed the non-cytotoxic nature of the cement. Overall, the findings of this study prove that the shell nacre cement is a promising candidate for managing bone voids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget Jeyatha Wilson
- Division of Dental Products, Department of Biomaterial Science and Technology, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695 012, India
| | - Lizymol Philipose Pampadykandathil
- Division of Dental Products, Department of Biomaterial Science and Technology, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695 012, India
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9
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Radhika S, Chandravarkar A, Anilkumar G. Cu(ii)-catalyzed C-N coupling of 2-aminobenzothiazoles with boronic acids at room temperature. RSC Adv 2023; 13:17188-17193. [PMID: 37304782 PMCID: PMC10248544 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra02979d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
A Cu(ii)-catalyzed, effective C-N coupling of 2-aminobenzothiazoles with boronic acids in acetonitrile under open vessel chemistry was achieved. This protocol demonstrates the N-arylation of 2-aminobenzothiazoles with a broad range of differently substituted phenylboronic acids at room temperature and accomplishes moderate to excellent yields of the desired products. Under the optimized condition, phenylboronic acids bearing halogen at the para and meta positions were found to be more fruitful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sankaran Radhika
- School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University P D Hills P O Kottayam Kerala India 686560
| | - Aravind Chandravarkar
- School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University P D Hills P O Kottayam Kerala India 686560
| | - Gopinathan Anilkumar
- School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University P D Hills P O Kottayam Kerala India 686560
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Nair SNA, Johnson AJ, Sabu T, Gokul BS, Yeshwanth HM, Sabulal B. 'Sharpshooter' in Botanic Garden: the tale of a rare plant-insect interaction. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2023; 25:603-611. [PMID: 36876401 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Here we report a unique plant-insect interaction between the leafhopper Aloka depressa (tribe Phlogisini) and the host liana, Diploclisia glaucescens, from a Botanic Garden located at the southern edge of Western Ghats in India. Field observations and SEM micrographs were employed to derive evidences on this rare plant-insect interaction. 20-Hydroxyecdysone (20E), insect moulting hormone, was detected and quantified in the host plant D. glaucescens using HPTLC-densitometry. 20E was isolated and characterized from D. glaucescens using column chromatography, 1H-, 13C-NMR and HR-MS. 20E was also detected in A. depressa excrement using HPTLC-densitometry. The leafhopper A. depressa is functioning as a 'sharpshooter' drawing nutrients from the host liana, D. glaucescens, and flinging the waste fluid as droplets through their tail ends. SEM micrographs of A. depressa revealed its external morphological features, characteristic of a sharpshooter. We quantified 20E (0.44-1.44%, dry wt.) in various parts of D. glaucescens. 20E (1.47%, dry wt.) was also detected in the excrement of A. depressa. This plant (D. glaucescens)-insect (A. depressa) association crucially is not damaging the host liana. Considering the diseases caused by sharpshooting leafhoppers in the Americas, this association and the survival of the host plant (D. glaucescens) is illustrating a unique plant-insect interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- S N A Nair
- Phytochemistry and Phytopharmacology Division, Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - A J Johnson
- Phytochemistry and Phytopharmacology Division, Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - T Sabu
- Garden Management Division, Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - B S Gokul
- Phytochemistry and Phytopharmacology Division, Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
- University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - H M Yeshwanth
- National Centre for Biological Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - B Sabulal
- Phytochemistry and Phytopharmacology Division, Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
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11
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Athira KK, Anis KV, Aneesh EM. Molecular characterization of Amblyomma geoemydae using CO1 mitochondrial gene to validate phenotypic taxonomical evaluation. J Parasit Dis 2023; 47:376-386. [PMID: 37181408 PMCID: PMC10088647 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-023-01582-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal ectoparasites are linked to the spread of serious medical and veterinary important pathogens. Our research intends to close the knowledge gap concerning the numerous ectoparasites that inhabit animals in Wayanad. Ectoparasites in animals brought to the veterinary dispensaries in Wayanad were retrieved and identified morphologically and molecularly. Using a high-quality stereomicroscope, the taxonomic features of the four following species were examined and identified: Haemaphysalis bispinosa, Rhipicephalus annulatus, R. microplus, and Amblyomma geoemydae. The important disease vector A. geoemydae was reported for the first time in Kerala. The important phenotypic characters of the highlighted species A. geoemydae are the edge of the basis capituli is circular without cornua, and the hypostomal dental formula is 2/2. The taxonomically identified four species were subjected to CO1 gene sequence analysis. The evolutionary relationship was inspected through the neighbour-joining method, and the phylogenetic tree was built through the Maximum Likelihood method. The present study has also estimated the diversity index of R. microplus, R. annulatus, H. bispinosa, and A. geoemydae. Among them, R. microplus 0.36638 have reported with the maximum diversity index score. The significance of the study is the presence of Lyme disease vector A. geoemydae, in the Wayanad District of Kerala, and it is the first report of the species from where an outbreak of Lyme disease occurred in 2013.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumichiyil Kumaran Athira
- Centre for Research in Emerging Tropical Diseases (CRET-D), Department of Zoology, University of Calicut, Malappuram, Kerala India
- Department of Zoology, Christ College Irinjalakuda, Thrissur, Kerala India
| | | | - Embalil Mathachan Aneesh
- Centre for Research in Emerging Tropical Diseases (CRET-D), Department of Zoology, University of Calicut, Malappuram, Kerala India
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Mv S, Lekha D. Curcumin in diet modulates fatty acid levels and mRNA expression of appetite-regulating neuropeptides in brain and enhances growth via the GH-GHR-IGF axis in tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus. J Fish Biol 2023. [PMID: 36999384 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin in 0.5% and 1% doses was given as a feed additive to tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) for 100 days to evaluate the effect of curcumin on fatty acid levels in brain, appetite and the growth axis-related gene expressions. A total of 180 fish were randomly stocked into 650 l tanks and fed with basal feed during acclimatization. Three treatment groups were established, each having three replicates and each replicate had 20 fish. They were fed twice on the experimental diets of 10% body weight ration per fish. Gas chromatography analysis revealed a significant change in the amount of total saturated fatty acids and total monounsaturated fatty acids in tilapia brain. The present study indicated an increase in n-3 (omega-3) and n-6 (omega-6) polyunsaturated fatty acids in brain. Real-time quantification of appetite-regulating neuropeptides in brain and growth-related gene expressions in muscle revealed a significant modulation in their mRNA expressions. This information obtained in the present study on the beneficial role of curcumin in the regulation of fatty acid levels and the expression of appetite-regulating neuropeptides and growth-regulating factors will contribute to research in feed intake and growth in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sruthi Mv
- Department of Zoology, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, India
| | - Divya Lekha
- Department of Zoology, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, India
- Department of Zoology, University of Calicut, Malappuram, Kerala, India
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13
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Koshy KC, Gopakumar B, Sebastian A, S. AN, Johnson AJ, Govindan B, Baby S. Flower-fruit dynamics, visitor-predator patterns and chemical preferences in the tropical bamboo, Melocanna baccifera. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0277341. [PMID: 36383625 PMCID: PMC9668177 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0277341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast seeding and associated events in Melocanna baccifera, the largest fruit producing bamboo, is an enigma. So far there are no comprehensive accounts on its flowering phenology, fruiting dynamics and animal interactions. In this study, spanning over 13 years (2009 to 2022), we observed eight M. baccifera clumps in JNTBGRI Bambusetum from flowering initiation, fruiting to eventual death. Flowering phenology, floral characteristics, floret types, breeding system, bee visitation, pollination, fruit production and predators were recorded; predation patterns were correlated with fruit chemistry. Flowering duration of clumps ranged from 20 (March 2009-October 2010) to 120 (September 2012-August 2022) months. Bisexual florets are dichogamous and protogynous; and female duration (22-72 h) is many times higher than male duration (2-6 h). The highest ever fruit production for an individual bamboo clump (456.67 Kg) was recorded. Of the total fallen fruits (38371), 38.11% were predated, 43.80% good fruits (no predator hits) and 18.09% immature fruits. A positive correlation between reward (fruits) versus predation was observed, especially in short intervals of high fruit production. Pollen predators (Apis cerana indica, Halictus taprabonae, Braunsapis cupulifera, Trigona iridipennis), fruit predators, ranging from arthropods to mammals, viz., millipede (Spinotarsus colosseus), slug (Mariaella dussumieri), snails (Cryptozona bistrialis, Macrochlamys sp.), borers (Achroia grisella, Blattella germanica), mammals (monkeys Macaca radiata, rats Rattus rattus, porcupine Hystrix indica, wild boar Sus scrofa, palm civet Paradoxurus hermaphroditus), seedling predators (rabbit Lepus nigricollis, deer Axis axis), and insect/pest predators (ants Crematogaster biroi, Oecophylla smaragdina, mantis Euchomenella indica) were identified. Fruit predation is linked to its age and chemistry. Apart from new insights on flowering phenology, breeding system, pollination and fruiting dynamics, this study demonstrates the vibrant interaction between M. baccifera flowers/fruits and visitors/predators, and provides significant leads towards elucidating the cause of rat multiplication and other events associated with its gregarious flowering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konnath Chacko Koshy
- Plant Genetic Resources Division, Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
- * E-mail: , (SB); (KCK)
| | - Bhaskaran Gopakumar
- Plant Genetic Resources Division, Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Antony Sebastian
- Plant Genetic Resources Division, Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Ajikumaran Nair S.
- Phytochemistry and Phytopharmacology Division, Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Anil John Johnson
- Phytochemistry and Phytopharmacology Division, Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Balaji Govindan
- Phytochemistry and Phytopharmacology Division, Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Sabulal Baby
- Phytochemistry and Phytopharmacology Division, Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
- * E-mail: , (SB); (KCK)
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14
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Joseph J, Kalyanikutty S. Occurrence of multiple drug-resistant Shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli in raw milk samples collected from retail outlets in South India. J Food Sci Technol 2022; 59:2150-2159. [PMID: 35602458 PMCID: PMC9114227 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-021-05226-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of Shiga-toxigenic E. coli (STEC), harbouring multidrug-resistant genes in raw milk collected from household vendors and cooperative milk marketing societies in Ernakulam District, Kerala, India, has been investigated. A higher prevalence of STEC pathotypes, with 47.16% (20 out of 42 samples), was observed in raw milk. A total of 157 STEC isolates were identified, which included notorious pathoserotypes, E. coli O157 group (10.19%) and E. coli non-O157 group 5.73%). All of the tested STEC isolates were multidrug-resistant and showed resistance to at least six different antibiotics. Two of the isolates showed resistance to 14 different antibiotics tested. Cent percentage resistance was observed for Penicillin, Cefalexine, Rifampicin, Methicillin, and Novobiocin. We observed in phenotypic assays that 26.75% of STEC isolates are ESBL producers. The bla TEM gene, a characteristic marker for ESBL production, was detected in 42.85% of the isolates. The study points out the risk of virulent and multidrug-resistant STEC in raw milk and the need for stringent quality surveillance and assurance plans to alleviate the potential public health threat. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13197-021-05226-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jomy Joseph
-
Department of Microbiology (Research Centre affiliated to Mahatma Gandhi University, Kerala), Sree Sankara College, Kalady, Ernakulam, 683574 Kerala India
| | - Sudha Kalyanikutty
- Department of Biotechnology, St. Peter’s College, Kolenchery, Ernakulam, 682311 Kerala India
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15
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Pulassery S, Abraham B, Ajikumar N, Munnilath A, Yoosaf K. Rapid Iodine Value Estimation Using a Handheld Raman Spectrometer for On-Site, Reagent-Free Authentication of Edible Oils. ACS Omega 2022; 7:9164-9171. [PMID: 35350360 PMCID: PMC8945061 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Edible oil adulteration is a common and serious issue faced by human societies across the world. Iodine value (IV), the total unsaturation measure, is an authentication tool used by food safety officers and industries for edible oils. Current wet titrimetric methods (e.g., Wijs method) employed for IV estimation use dangerous chemicals and elaborate procedures for analysis. Alternate approaches for oil analysis require sophisticated and costly equipment such as gas chromatography (GC), liquid chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry (MS), UV-Visible, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies. Mass screening of the samples from the market and industrial environment requires a greener, fast, and more robust technique and is an unmet need. Herein, we present a handheld Raman spectrometer-based methodology for fast IV estimation. We conducted a detailed Raman spectroscopic investigation of coconut oil, sunflower oil, and intentionally adulterated mixtures with a handheld device having a 785 nm excitation source. The obtained data were analyzed in conjunction with the GC-MS results and the conventional wet Wijs titrimetric estimated IVs. Based on these studies, a specific equation for IV estimation is derived from the intensity of identified Raman spectral bands. Further, an algorithm is designed to automate the signal processing and IV estimation, and a stand-alone graphical user interface is created in user-friendly LabVIEW software. The data acquisition and analysis require < 2 minutes, and the estimated statistical parameters such as the R 2 value (0.9), root-mean-square error of calibration (1.3), and root-mean-square error of prediction (0.9) indicate that the demonstrated method has a high precision level. Also, the limit of detection and the limit of quantification for IV estimation through the current approach is ∼1 and ∼3 gI2/100 g oil, respectively. The IVs of different oils, including hydrogenated vegetable oils, were evaluated, and the results show an excellent correlation between the estimated and reported ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanoop Pulassery
- Photosciences
and Photonics Section, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science
and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695019 Kerala, India
- Research
Centre, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram 695034, Kerala, India
| | - Bini Abraham
- Photosciences
and Photonics Section, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science
and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695019 Kerala, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Nandu Ajikumar
- Photosciences
and Photonics Section, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science
and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695019 Kerala, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Arun Munnilath
- Photosciences
and Photonics Section, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science
and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695019 Kerala, India
| | - Karuvath Yoosaf
- Photosciences
and Photonics Section, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science
and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695019 Kerala, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
- Research
Centre, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram 695034, Kerala, India
- . Phone: 0091-471-2515477
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16
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Pradeep H, M B, Suresh S, Thadathil A, Periyat P. Recent trends and advances in polyindole-based nanocomposites as potential antimicrobial agents: a mini review. RSC Adv 2022; 12:8211-8227. [PMID: 35424771 PMCID: PMC8982365 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra09317g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections caused by multi-drug resistant microbes are a big challenge to the medical field and it necessitates the need for new biomedical agents that can act as potential candidates against these pathogens. Several polyindole based nanocomposites were found to exhibit the ability to release reactive oxygen species (ROS) and hence they show excellent antimicrobial properties. The features of polyindole can be fine-tuned to make them potential alternatives to antibiotics and antifungal medicines. This review clearly portrays the antimicrobial properties of polyindole based nanocomposites, reported so far for biomedical applications. This review will give a clear insight into the scope and possibilities for further research on the biomedical applications of polyindole based nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hareesh Pradeep
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calicut Kerala India-673635
| | - Bindu M
- Department of Environmental Studies, Kannur University Kerala India
| | - Shwetha Suresh
- Department of Environmental Studies, Kannur University Kerala India
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17
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Amrutha S, Radhika S, Anilkumar G. Recent developments and trends in the iron- and cobalt-catalyzed Sonogashira reactions. Beilstein J Org Chem 2022; 18:262-285. [PMID: 35330777 PMCID: PMC8919418 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.18.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron- and cobalt-catalyzed Sonogashira coupling reactions are becoming central areas of research in organic synthesis. Owing to their significant importance in the formation of carbon–carbon bonds, numerous green and nanoparticle protocols have emerged during the past decades. The non-toxic and inexpensive nature of catalysts gained much attention in recent times. In this context, their catalytic nature and activity in Sonogashira coupling reactions were well explored and compared. Most importantly, one of the highlights of this review is the emphasis given to green strategies. This is the first review on iron- and cobalt-catalyzed Sonogashira coupling reactions which comprehends literature up to 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surendran Amrutha
- Institute for Integrated Programmes and Research in Basic Sciences (IIRBS), Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarsini Hills P O, Kottayam, Kerala, 686560, India
| | - Sankaran Radhika
- School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarsini Hills P O, Kottayam, Kerala, 686560, India
| | - Gopinathan Anilkumar
- School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarsini Hills P O, Kottayam, Kerala, 686560, India
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18
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Varghese P. J G, David DA, Karuth A, Manamkeri Jafferali JF, P. M SB, George JJ, Rasulev B, Raghavan P. Experimental and Simulation Studies on Nonwoven Polypropylene-Nitrile Rubber Blend: Recycling of Medical Face Masks to an Engineering Product. ACS Omega 2022; 7:4791-4803. [PMID: 35187299 PMCID: PMC8851451 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The battle against the COVID-19 pandemic counters the waste management system, as billions of single-use face masks are used per day all over the world. Proper disposal of used face masks without jeopardizing the health and the environment is a challenge. Herein, a novel method for recycling of medical face masks has been studied. This method incorporates the nonwoven polypropylene (PP) fiber, which is taken off from the mask after disinfecting it, with acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) using maleic anhydride as the compatibilizer, which results in a PP-NBR blend with a high percentage economy. The PP-NBR blends show enhanced thermomechanical properties among which, 70 wt % PP content shows superior properties compared to other composites with 40, 50, and 60 wt % of PP. The fully Atomistic simulation of PP-NBR blend with compatibilizer shows an improved tensile and barrier properties, which is in good agreement with the experimental studies. The molecular dynamics simulation confirms that the compatibility between non-polar PP and polar NBR phases are vitally important for increasing the interfacial adhesion and impeding the phase separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Varghese P. J
- Department
of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Patna (IIT P), Patna 801106, Bihar, India
- Materials
Science and NanoEngineering Lab, Department of Polymer Science and
Rubber Technology, Cochin University of
Science and Technology (CUSAT), Kochi 682022, Kerala, India
| | - Deepthi Anna David
- Materials
Science and NanoEngineering Lab, Department of Polymer Science and
Rubber Technology, Cochin University of
Science and Technology (CUSAT), Kochi 682022, Kerala, India
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Cochin University
of Science and Technology (CUSAT), Kochi 682022, Kerala, India
| | - Anas Karuth
- Department
of Coatings and Polymeric Materials, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58105, United States
| | - Jabeen Fatima Manamkeri Jafferali
- Materials
Science and NanoEngineering Lab, Department of Polymer Science and
Rubber Technology, Cochin University of
Science and Technology (CUSAT), Kochi 682022, Kerala, India
| | - Sabura Begum P. M
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Cochin University
of Science and Technology (CUSAT), Kochi 682022, Kerala, India
| | - Jinu Jacob George
- Materials
Science and NanoEngineering Lab, Department of Polymer Science and
Rubber Technology, Cochin University of
Science and Technology (CUSAT), Kochi 682022, Kerala, India
| | - Bakhtiyor Rasulev
- Department
of Coatings and Polymeric Materials, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58105, United States
| | - Prasanth Raghavan
- Materials
Science and NanoEngineering Lab, Department of Polymer Science and
Rubber Technology, Cochin University of
Science and Technology (CUSAT), Kochi 682022, Kerala, India
- Department
of Materials Engineering and Convergence Technology, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
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19
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R. Chandran S, James S, Aswathi J, Padmakumar D, Kumar RBB, Chavan A, Bhore V, Kajale K, Bhandari S, Sajinkumar KS. Lonar Impact Crater, India: the Best-Preserved Terrestrial Hypervelocity Impact Crater in a Basaltic Terrain as a Potential Global Geopark. Geoheritage 2022; 14:130. [PMCID: PMC9702779 DOI: 10.1007/s12371-022-00767-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Lonar Impact Crater is a simple meteorite impact crater carved out on the ~ 65 Ma old Deccan tholeiitic flood basalts. The crater, though scoured in a basaltic terrain, is still preserved in its most pristine form, with a central crater lake. The geomorphology, geochemistry, geochronology, hydrology, geophysical parameters, and structural aspects of Lonar Crater have been explored in detail, but still continue to contribute valid scientific insights into the geology of terrestrial impact craters. Lonar serves as a potential analog site for studying impact cratering on planetary surfaces with basaltic terrains such as the Moon and Mars. Besides being a highly recognizable impact crater in India, the Lonar crater and its hinterland stand out with its archeological relevance and spiritual influence among the people. The numerous temples in and around the crater premises uphold the cultural significance of the region. The crater and adjacent areas are rich in flora and fauna representing a diverse ecosystem in the vastness of the arid Deccan Flood Basalts. Hence, the astrobleme and its surrounding is declared a Ramsar site and is also a protected wildlife sanctuary. The Indian Government has also declared the crater a National Geological Monument as well as an archaeological monument. Furthermore, the astrobleme is a unique site with socio-cultural and economic significance. With these plethoras of importance, combined with the geological and socio-cultural aspects in its hinterland, together with the most acclaimed UNESCO world heritage centers Ajantha and Ellora caves in the neighborhood, it stands as the right candidate for a UNESCO Global Geopark. However, the crater and its ecosystem are not preserved well enough, and the uniqueness of the crater is diminishing. But after selection as a Ramsar site, the area shows increased vegetation growth. The SWOT analysis conducted in this study accounts for Lonar Crater and its adjoining areas as a potential global geopark. Thus, through this study, we try to propagate the vivid and myriad importance of the Lonar crater and the necessity of protecting this geological monument from both anthropogenic and natural processes and to appraise the necessity for nominating this area as a UNESCO Global Geopark.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saranya R. Chandran
- Department of Geology, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, 695581 India
| | - S. James
- Department of Geology, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, 695581 India
| | - J. Aswathi
- Department of Geology, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, 695581 India
| | - Devika Padmakumar
- Department of Geology, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, 695581 India
| | - R. B. Binoj Kumar
- Department of Geology, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, 695581 India
| | - Anil Chavan
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, K.S.K.V. Kachchh University, Bhuj, Kachchh 370001 India
| | - Vivek Bhore
- Department of Geology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007 India
| | - Krishna Kajale
- K.J. Somaiya College of Arts, Commerce and Science, Kopergaon, Ahmednagar 423601 India
| | - Subhash Bhandari
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, K.S.K.V. Kachchh University, Bhuj, Kachchh 370001 India
| | - K. S. Sajinkumar
- Department of Geology, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, 695581 India
- Department of Geological and Mining Engineering and Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931 USA
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20
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Nabeela K, Thomas RT, Nair RV, Backer SN, Mohan K, Chandran PR, Pillai S. Correction to "Direct Visualization of Crystalline Domains in Carboxylated Nanocellulose Fibers". ACS Omega 2021; 6:25842-25844. [PMID: 34632240 PMCID: PMC8495863 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c00410.].
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21
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Raveendran V, Kizhakayil RN. Fluorescent Carbon Dots as Biosensor, Green Reductant, and Biomarker. ACS Omega 2021; 6:23475-23484. [PMID: 34549145 PMCID: PMC8444300 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c03481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots, the celebrated green material among the nanocarbon family, are blessed with several interesting features like biocompatibility, solubility, tunable luminescence, and so forth. Herein, carbon dots derived from Mint leaf extract (M-CDs) via a green method are exploited for versatile applications as a biosensor, reductant, and biomarker. M-CDs are applied for fluorimetric sensing of biologically relevant folic acid through quenching response originating from the inner filter effect, with a limit of detection of 280 nM. The carbon dots were highly selective toward folic acid in a collection of 16 biomolecules. The specificity of carbon dots toward folic acid is explained based on the interaction between the two. Along with sensing, herein, we project M-CDs as a green reducing agent by demonstrating the reduction of Fe(III) and noble metal nanoparticle synthesis from their salt solutions. The particles are found to be significantly non-cytotoxic, as evident from the MTT assay performed on primary H8 cells. The application of M-CDs in multicolor imaging is also illustrated using HeLa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varsha Raveendran
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Calicut, Malappuram, Kerala 673 635, India
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22
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Anupama K, Paul T, Ann Mary KA. Solid-State Fluorescent Selenium Quantum Dots by a Solvothermal-Assisted Sol-Gel Route for Curcumin Sensing. ACS Omega 2021; 6:21525-21533. [PMID: 34471755 PMCID: PMC8388070 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c02441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Toward the need for solid-state fluorescent quantum dots, resistant to self-quenching, we describe a solvothermal-assisted sol-gel method to synthesize Se quantum dots. Morphological and crystalline characterizations reveal that Se quantum dots (average size 3-8 nm) have a trigonal crystal structure. The presence of planar defects (dislocations, stacking faults, twins, and grain boundaries) suggests formation of Se nanocrystallites through aggregation-based crystal growth mechanisms. Under ultraviolet excitation, the quantum dots exhibit an excitation wavelength-dependent solid-state blue emission with an average lifetime of 1.96 ns. Depending on fluorescence quenching by curcumin, selenium quantum dots act as ideal candidates for inner filter effect-based curcumin sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuttappan Anupama
- Department of Physics, St. Thomas’ College (Autonomous), Thrissur 680001, Kerala, India
| | - Tessy Paul
- Department of Physics, St. Thomas’ College (Autonomous), Thrissur 680001, Kerala, India
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23
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Mathew GM, Huang CC, Sindhu R, Binod P, Sirohi R, Awsathi MK, Pillai S, Pandey A. Enzymatic approaches in the bioprocessing of shellfish wastes. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:367. [PMID: 34290950 PMCID: PMC8260653 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02912-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Several tonnes of shellfish wastes are generated globally due to the mass consumption of shellfish meat from crustaceans like prawn, shrimp, lobster, crab, Antarctic krill, etc. These shellfish wastes are a reservoir of valuable by-products like chitin, protein, calcium carbonate, and pigments. In the present scenario, these wastes are treated chemically to recover chitin by the chitin and chitosan industries, using hazardous chemicals like HCl and NaOH. Although this process is efficient in removing proteins and minerals, the unscientific dumping of harmful effluents is hazardous to the ecosystem. Stringent environmental laws and regulations on waste disposal have encouraged researchers to look for alternate strategies to produce near-zero wastes on shellfish degradation. The role of enzymes in degrading shellfish wastes is advantageous yet has not been explored much, although it produces bioactive rich protein hydrolysates with good quality chitin. The main objective of the review is to discuss the potential of various enzymes involved in shellfish degradation and their opportunities and challenges over chemical processes in chitin recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gincy Marina Mathew
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR- NIIST), Trivandrum, 695019 India
| | - Chieh Chen Huang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, No. 145, Xingda Road, South District, Taichung City, 402 Taiwan
| | - Raveendran Sindhu
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR- NIIST), Trivandrum, 695019 India
| | - Parameswaran Binod
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR- NIIST), Trivandrum, 695019 India
| | - Ranjna Sirohi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 136713 Republic of Korea
| | - Mukesh Kumar Awsathi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Santhosh Pillai
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Durban University of Technology, Durban, 4000 South Africa
| | - Ashok Pandey
- Center for Innovation and Translational Research, CSIR- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), 31 MG Marg, Lucknow, 226001 India
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Thomas J, Kunnathulli AP, Vazhayil A, Thomas N. Influence of the Amount of Carbon during the Synthesis of LaFe 0.8Co 0.2O 3/Carbon Hybrid Material in Oxygen Evolution Reaction. ACS Omega 2021; 6:17566-17575. [PMID: 34278142 PMCID: PMC8280668 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c02074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and the hydrogen evolution reaction occurred at the anode and cathode, which depends on the electronic structure, morphology, electrochemically active surface area, and charge-transfer resistance of the electrocatalyst. Transition metals like cobalt, nickel, and iron have better OER and oxygen reduction reaction activities. At the same time, transition-metal oxide/carbon hybrid has several applications in electrochemical energy conversion reactions. The rich catalytic site of transition metals and the excellent conductivity of carbon material make these materials as a hopeful electrocatalyst in OER. Carbon-incorporated LaFe0.8Co0.2O3 was prepared by a simple solution combustion method for the development of the best performance of the electrocatalyst. The catalyst can deliver 10 mA/cm2 current density at an overpotential of 410 mV with better catalytic stability. The introduction of carbon material improves the dispersion ability of the catalyst and the electrical conductivity. The Tafel slope and onset potential of the best catalyst are 49.1 mV/dec and 1.55 V, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Thomas
- Department
of Chemistry, Sree Narayana College, Kannur 670007, Kerala, India
| | | | - Ashalatha Vazhayil
- Department
of Chemistry, Nirmalagiri College, Kannur 670701, Kerala, India
| | - Nygil Thomas
- Department
of Chemistry, Nirmalagiri College, Kannur 670701, Kerala, India
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25
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Abstract
Propargylamines are a class of compounds with many pharmaceutical and biological properties. A green approach to synthesize such compounds is very relevant. This review aims to describe the solvent-free synthetic approaches towards propargylamines via A3 and KA2 coupling reactions covering the literature up to 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Manujyothi
- Institute for Integrated Programmes and Research in Basic Sciences (IIRBS), Mahatma Gandhi University Priyadarsini Hills P O Kottayam Kerala 686560 India +91-481-2731036
| | - Thaipparambil Aneeja
- School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University Priyadarsini Hills P O Kottayam Kerala 686560 India
| | - Gopinathan Anilkumar
- Institute for Integrated Programmes and Research in Basic Sciences (IIRBS), Mahatma Gandhi University Priyadarsini Hills P O Kottayam Kerala 686560 India +91-481-2731036
- School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University Priyadarsini Hills P O Kottayam Kerala 686560 India
- Advanced Molecular Materials Research Centre (AMMRC), Mahatma Gandhi University Priyadarsini Hills P O Kottayam Kerala 686560 India
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26
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Shamna S, Afsina CMA, Philip RM, Anilkumar G. Recent advances and prospects in the Zn-catalysed Mannich reaction. RSC Adv 2021; 11:9098-9111. [PMID: 35423453 PMCID: PMC8695403 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra10772g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Zn-catalysed reactions are ubiquitously important due to their inexpensive, generally less toxic and atom-economic nature. According to the modern criteria of sustainability, their use in a catalytic manner is a highly desirable goal, especially when using chiral ligands. Considering the relevance of well-established zinc-mediated C-C bond formation reactions, it is relatively surprising that the use of Zn as a catalyst is still underdeveloped, especially in comparison with other transition metals. The vast majority of natural molecules, including proteins, nucleic acids and most biologically active compounds, contain nitrogen. Consequently, developing new synthetic methods for the construction of nitrogenous molecules receives great attention from organic chemists. The Mannich reaction is a very basic and very useful platform for the development of several such nitrogen-containing molecules. In this review, we summarise the recent advancements in the Zn-catalysed Mannich reaction, covering the literature from 2011 to 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salahudeen Shamna
- School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University Priyadarsini Hills Kottayam Kerala 686560 India +91-481-273-1036
| | - C M A Afsina
- School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University Priyadarsini Hills Kottayam Kerala 686560 India +91-481-273-1036
| | - Rose Mary Philip
- School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University Priyadarsini Hills Kottayam Kerala 686560 India +91-481-273-1036
| | - Gopinathan Anilkumar
- School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University Priyadarsini Hills Kottayam Kerala 686560 India +91-481-273-1036
- Advanced Molecular Materials Research Centre (AMMRC), Mahatma Gandhi University Priyadarsini Hills P O Kottayam Kerala 686560 India
- Institute for Integrated Programmes and Research in Basic Sciences (IIRBS), Mahatma Gandhi University Priyadarsini Hills P O Kottayam Kerala 686560 India
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27
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Thomas JM, Sasankan D, Surendran S, Abraham M, Rajavelu A, Kartha CC. Aberrant regulation of retinoic acid signaling genes in cerebral arterio venous malformation nidus and neighboring astrocytes. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:61. [PMID: 33648532 PMCID: PMC7923665 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02094-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral arterio venous malformations (AVM) are a major causal factor for intracranial hemorrhage, which result in permanent disability or death. The molecular mechanisms of AVM are complex, and their pathogenesis remains an enigma. Current research on cerebral AVM is focused on characterizing the molecular features of AVM nidus to elucidate the aberrant signaling pathways. The initial stimuli that lead to the development of AVM nidus structures between a dilated artery and a vein are however not known. METHODS In order to understand the molecular basis of development of cerebral AVM, we used in-depth RNA sequencing with the total RNA isolated from cerebral AVM nidus. Immunoblot and qRT-PCR assays were used to study the differential gene expression in AVM nidus, and immunofluorescence staining was used to study the expression pattern of aberrant proteins in AVM nidus and control tissues. Immunohistochemistry was used to study the expression pattern of aberrant proteins in AVM nidus and control tissues. RESULTS The transcriptome study has identified 38 differentially expressed genes in cerebral AVM nidus, of which 35 genes were upregulated and 3 genes were downregulated. A final modular analysis identified an upregulation of ALDH1A2, a key rate-limiting enzyme of retinoic acid signaling pathway. Further analysis revealed that CYR61, a regulator of angiogenesis, and the target gene for retinoic acid signaling is upregulated in AVM nidus. We observed that astrocytes associated with AVM nidus are abnormal with increased expression of GFAP and Vimentin. Triple immunofluorescence staining of the AVM nidus revealed that CYR61 was also overexpressed in the abnormal astrocytes associated with AVM tissue. CONCLUSION Using high-throughput RNA sequencing analysis and immunostaining, we report deregulated expression of retinoic acid signaling genes in AVM nidus and its associated astrocytes and speculate that this might trigger the abnormal angiogenesis and the development of cerebral AVM in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Mary Thomas
- Cardio Vascular Diseases and Diabetes Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Poojapura, Thycaud, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695014, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Madhav Nagar, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Dhakshmi Sasankan
- Cardio Vascular Diseases and Diabetes Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Poojapura, Thycaud, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695014, India
| | - Sumi Surendran
- Cardio Vascular Diseases and Diabetes Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Poojapura, Thycaud, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695014, India
| | - Mathew Abraham
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695011, India
| | - Arumugam Rajavelu
- Pathogen Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Poojapura, Thycaud, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695014, India.
| | - Chandrasekharan C Kartha
- Cardio Vascular Diseases and Diabetes Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Poojapura, Thycaud, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695014, India.
- Society for Continuing Medical Education and Research, Kerala Institute of Medical Sciences, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695029, India.
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Abstract
Spirooxindole is a principal bioactive agent and is observed in several natural products including alkaloids. They are broadly studied in the pharmaceutical field and have a significant role in the evolution of drugs such as anti-viral, anti-cancer, anti-microbial etc. In organic chemistry, an indispensable role is presented by transition metal catalysts. An effective synthetic perspective to spirooxindoles is the use of transition metals as the catalyst. This review discusses the synthesis of spirooxindoles catalyzed by transition metals and covers literature up to 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- P V Saranya
- School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University Priyadarsini Hills P O Kottayam Kerala 686560 India
| | - Mohan Neetha
- School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University Priyadarsini Hills P O Kottayam Kerala 686560 India
| | - Thaipparambil Aneeja
- School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University Priyadarsini Hills P O Kottayam Kerala 686560 India
| | - Gopinathan Anilkumar
- School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University Priyadarsini Hills P O Kottayam Kerala 686560 India
- Advanced Molecular Materials Research Centre (AMMRC), Mahatma Gandhi University Priyadarsini Hills P O Kottayam Kerala 686560 India
- Institute for Integrated Programmes and Research in Basic Sciences (IIRBS), Mahatma Gandhi University Priyadarsini Hills P O Kottayam Kerala 686560 India
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29
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Raji R, Siril EA. Alteration of media enables efficient in vitro cloning of mature Elaeocarpus serratus L. (Ceylon olive): a commercially important fruit tree. Physiol Mol Biol Plants 2021; 27:429-443. [PMID: 33707879 PMCID: PMC7907408 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-021-00955-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Elaeocarpus serratus is a fruit tree able to propagate through conventional vegetative means to a limited extent restricts its wide cultivation by the farmers. In the present report, we have developed an efficient in vitro propagation protocol using mature nodal explants from a 17-year-old tree for the first time with 6.6 shoots/culture. Explants cultured on agar (0.8%) gelled standard Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium, ½ MS, ¾ MS, White's, Gamborg's B5 or woody plant medium (WPM) supplemented with 2.5 µM benzyl adenine (BA) and 0.1 µM α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) showed the superiority of ½ MS medium in terms of explant response and number shoots (6.6). Further optimization of ½ MS medium by altering nutrient elements (macros, micros, vitamins and Fe EDTA) were undertaken, and MS medium composed of half-strength major salts, original strength of minor salts and vitamins were supplemented with BA (2.5 µM) and NAA (0.1 µM), produced enhanced axillary bud proliferation (8.88/explant) and shoot elongation (3.83 cm). Reculturing of original explant on this medium after IV passages produced more than 16 healthy shoots per culture which attained a length of 4.13 cm. Microshoots raised through this way were rooted (86.11%) ex vitro by pulse treatment with 2 mM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) for 5 min followed by planting in nursery pots containing a 1:1:1 (v/v/v) mix of sand, soil, and farmyard manure. The hardened plants were successfully planted in the fruit tree garden of the Department. Genetic fidelity of micropropagated and mother plants were tested using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers which showed a high degree of monomorphism thus supported morphological uniformity of micropropagated plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Raji
- Department of Botany, University of Kerala, Kariavattom, Trivandrum, 695581 India
| | - E. A. Siril
- Department of Botany, University of Kerala, Kariavattom, Trivandrum, 695581 India
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30
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Anas A, Sukumaran V, Nampullipurackal Devarajan D, Maniyath S, Chekidhenkuzhiyil J, Mary A, Parakkaparambil Kuttan S, Tharakan B. Probiotics inspired from natural ecosystem to inhibit the growth of Vibrio spp. causing white gut syndrome in Litopenaeus vannamei. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:66. [PMID: 33489684 PMCID: PMC7803865 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02618-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics inspired by host-microbe interactions in the natural ecosystem are propitious in controlling bacterial infections in aquaculture and veterinary systems. Here we report the isolation and characterization of pathogenic Vibrio spp. and lactic acid bacteria from an intensive culture system of Litopenaeus vannamei and natural ecosystem, respectively. The pathogen isolated from the gut of L. vannamei showing the symptoms of white gut disease were identified as V. parahaemolyticus and V. campbelli. Both the pathogens expressed the virulence genes, rtxA, and tcpA and were showing multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index of more than 0.5. The lactic acid bacteria isolated from the sediment and gut of benthic organisms (shrimp and polychaetes) collected from a tropical estuary were classified as member of 9 OTUs such as Pediococcus stilessi, Lactobacillus fermentum, L. rhamnosus, Weissella cibaria, Enterococcus durans, E. fecalis, Streptococcus gallolyticus and L. garvieae. Majority of these isolates were facultative in nature and were able to tolerate gastric juice and bile salt. Out of 83 bacteria isolated from sediment and gut, 36 showed abilities to reduce the pH of culture medium to less than five. Many of these isolates (34 Nos.) showed production of hydrolytic enzymes and secondary metabolites with antagonistic activity against both the pathogens (1 No.) or separately toward V. parahaemolyticus (9 Nos.) and V. campbelli (11 Nos.). Overall, the current study proposes a natural ecosystem as a potential source of lactic acid bacteria with probiotic potentials to prevent the vibriosis disease outbreaks in shrimp aquaculture systems. Further studies are required to understand the abilities of lactic acid bacteria to colonize shrimp intestine, stimulate immune system and manipulate microbiome. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-020-02618-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulaziz Anas
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre Cochin, Kochi, India
| | - Vrinda Sukumaran
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre Cochin, Kochi, India
| | | | - Shijina Maniyath
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre Cochin, Kochi, India
| | | | - Ann Mary
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre Cochin, Kochi, India
| | | | - Balu Tharakan
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre Cochin, Kochi, India
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31
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Philip RM, Radhika S, Saranya PV, Anilkumar G. Applications of tert-butanesulfinamide in the synthesis of N-heterocycles via sulfinimines. RSC Adv 2020; 10:42441-42456. [PMID: 35516764 PMCID: PMC9058287 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra08819f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Chiral sulfinamides are among the best known chiral auxiliaries in the stereoselective synthesis of amines and their derivatives. The most extensively used enantiopure tert-butanesulfinamide emerged as the gold standard among many others over the last two decades. The present review attempts to provide an overview of tert-butanesulfinamide mediated asymmetric N-heterocycle synthesis via sulfinimines and covers literature from 2010-2020. This methodology offers general access to structurally diverse piperidines, pyrrolidines, azetidines, and their fused derivatives that represent the structural motif of many natural products and therapeutically applicable compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose Mary Philip
- School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University Priyadarsini Hills P O Kottayam Kerala 686560 India +91-481-2731036
| | - Sankaran Radhika
- School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University Priyadarsini Hills P O Kottayam Kerala 686560 India +91-481-2731036
| | - P V Saranya
- School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University Priyadarsini Hills P O Kottayam Kerala 686560 India +91-481-2731036
| | - Gopinathan Anilkumar
- School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University Priyadarsini Hills P O Kottayam Kerala 686560 India +91-481-2731036
- Advanced Molecular Materials Research Centre (AMMRC), Mahatma Gandhi University Priyadarsini Hills P O Kottayam Kerala 686560 India
- Institute for Integrated Programmes and Research in Basic Sciences (IIRBS), Mahatma Gandhi University Priyadarsini Hills P O Kottayam Kerala 686560 India
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32
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Aneeja T, Neetha M, Afsina CMA, Anilkumar G. Progress and prospects in copper-catalyzed C-H functionalization. RSC Adv 2020; 10:34429-34458. [PMID: 35514395 PMCID: PMC9056871 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra06518h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Copper-catalyzed C-H functionalization is becoming a significant area in organic chemistry. Copper is now widely used as a catalyst in organic synthesis as it is inexpensive and not very toxic. Functionalization of C-H bonds to construct wide varieties of organic compounds has received much attention in recent times. This review focuses on the recent advances in Cu-catalyzed C-H functionalization and covers literature from 2018-2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaipparambil Aneeja
- School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University Priyadarsini Hills P.O. Kottayam Kerala 686560 India (+91) 481-2731036
| | - Mohan Neetha
- School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University Priyadarsini Hills P.O. Kottayam Kerala 686560 India (+91) 481-2731036
| | - C M A Afsina
- School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University Priyadarsini Hills P.O. Kottayam Kerala 686560 India (+91) 481-2731036
| | - Gopinathan Anilkumar
- School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University Priyadarsini Hills P.O. Kottayam Kerala 686560 India (+91) 481-2731036
- Advanced Molecular Materials Research Centre (AMMRC), Mahatma Gandhi University Priyadarsini Hills P.O. Kottayam Kerala 686560 India
- Institute for Integrated Programmes and Research in Basic Sciences (IIRBS), Mahatma Gandhi University Priyadarsini Hills P.O. Kottayam Kerala 686560 India
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33
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Neetha M, Afsina CMA, Aneeja T, Anilkumar G. Recent advances and prospects in the palladium-catalyzed cyanation of aryl halides. RSC Adv 2020; 10:33683-33699. [PMID: 35519018 PMCID: PMC9056778 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra05960a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Aryl nitriles are compounds with wide significance. They have made their own space in various sectors including pharmaceuticals, industries, natural product chemistry, and so on. Furthermore, they are also key intermediates in various transformations in organic chemistry. Transition metal-catalyzed cyanation reactions have proved to be a better replacement for the existing traditional synthetic strategies for aryl nitriles. Palladium is one of the most studied transition metals other than copper and nickel owing to its wide functional group compatibility and catalytic efficacy. There have been drastic developments in the field of palladium-catalyzed cyanation since its discovery in the 1973. This review summarizes the recent developments in the palladium-catalyzed cyanation of aryl halides and covers literature from 2012-2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohan Neetha
- School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University Priyadarsini Hills P. O. Kottayam Kerala India 686560
| | - C M A Afsina
- School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University Priyadarsini Hills P. O. Kottayam Kerala India 686560
| | - Thaipparambil Aneeja
- School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University Priyadarsini Hills P. O. Kottayam Kerala India 686560
| | - Gopinathan Anilkumar
- School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University Priyadarsini Hills P. O. Kottayam Kerala India 686560
- Advanced Molecular Materials Research Centre (AMMRC), Mahatma Gandhi University Priyadarsini Hills P. O. Kottayam Kerala India 686560
- Institute for Integrated Programs and Research in Basic Sciences (IIRBS), Mahatma Gandhi University Priyadarsini Hills P. O. Kottayam Kerala India 686560
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34
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Peter J, Sabu V, Aswathy IS, Krishnan S, Lal Preethi SS, Simon M, Helen A. Dietary amaranths modulate the immune response via balancing Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg response in collagen-induced arthritis. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 472:57-66. [PMID: 32529499 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03783-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Imbalance between Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg is crucial in RA progression. Various dietary factors can modulate the disease severity by restoring the balance in differentiation of CD4+ T cell subsets. Dietary amaranths hold an important part of diet as vegetables, where commonly consumed species includes Amaranthus cruentus (Ac), Amaranthus viridis (Av), and Amaranthus hybridus (Ah). The present study focuses on to evaluate whether these dietary amaranths can modulate the immune activation in collagen-induced arthritis. For in vivo study, Female Wistar rats were immunized with type II collagen and after immunization period, rats were separately supplemented with cooked Ac, Av, and Ah at 500 mg/100 g bwt concentration mixed with standard rat feed for 60 days. HPTLC fingerprint analysis identified peaks for compounds in these three amaranths. The results showed a protective role of immunomodulation in Th1/Th2 response of the three dietary amaranths, by significantly augmenting lymphocyte activation with increased IL-4 secretion, but decreased IFN-γ by cultured spleen lymphocytes subjected to collagen-induced inflammation. Moreover, Th17/Treg imbalance created by increase in IL-17 and decrease in IL-10 was significantly balanced by the three dietary supplemented groups. Furthermore, Th1/Th2 status reflected from Tbet/GATA3 ratio and Th17/Treg status reflected from RORγt/FOXP3 ratio was significantly decreased in the three dietary amaranth supplemented groups. Thus, dietary amaranths provide an immune-modulating role by keeping the balance between Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg response in collagen-induced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Peter
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kerala, Kariavattom Campus, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695581, India
| | - Vidya Sabu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kerala, Kariavattom Campus, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695581, India
| | - I S Aswathy
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kerala, Kariavattom Campus, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695581, India
| | - Santhi Krishnan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kerala, Kariavattom Campus, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695581, India
| | - S S Lal Preethi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kerala, Kariavattom Campus, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695581, India
| | - Monisha Simon
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kerala, Kariavattom Campus, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695581, India
| | - A Helen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kerala, Kariavattom Campus, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695581, India.
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35
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Kurian A, Dev SA, Sreekumar VB, Muralidharan EM. The low copy nuclear region, RPB2 as a novel DNA barcode region for species identification in the rattan genus Calamus (Arecaceae). Physiol Mol Biol Plants 2020; 26:1875-1887. [PMID: 32943823 PMCID: PMC7468035 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-020-00864-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Taxonomic complexities, like environmental plasticity and homoplasy, make precise identification challenging in Calamus, the genus of spiny climbing palms of the subfamily Calamoideae (Arecaceae). In the present study, the species discriminatory power of twelve potential DNA barcode regions (rbcL, matK, psbA-trnH, rpoC, rpoB, psbK-psbI, atpF-atpH, psbZ-trnfM, ITS1, ITS2, PRK, and RPB2) were evaluated in 21 species of Calamus from the Western Ghats region of India, using distance, tree, and similarity based statistical methods. Except for the low copy nuclear region, RPB2, none of the tested plastid loci or nuclear loci ITS, either singly or in combinations, could discriminate all the species of Calamus due to low substitution rate of plastid regions and multiple copies of ITS respectively. The RPB2 locus showed highest species resolution with 96% accuracy in similarity based analysis, indicating its potential and efficiency as a barcode locus for the genus. The putative "Calamus gamblei complex" based on overlapping morphology was successfully resolved as six distinct, though closely related, species. The analysis also indicates that C. delessertianus is a morphological variant of C. dransfieldii. In spite of being a low copy nuclear gene region, RPB2 provided an efficient barcode to delineate Calamus species and has the potential to further extend its use as a prospective barcode to other Palm genera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anoja Kurian
- Forest Genetics and Biotechnology Division, Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi, Thrissur, Kerala 680653 India
| | - Suma Arun Dev
- Forest Genetics and Biotechnology Division, Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi, Thrissur, Kerala 680653 India
| | | | - E. M. Muralidharan
- Forest Genetics and Biotechnology Division, Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi, Thrissur, Kerala 680653 India
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Vadivukkarasi P, Bhai RS. Phyllosphere-associated Methylobacterium: a potential biostimulant for ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) cultivation. Arch Microbiol 2020; 202:369-375. [PMID: 31673721 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-019-01753-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Methanol, a by-product associated with plant metabolism, is a substrate for pink pigmented facultative methylotrophs (PPFMs) of phyllosphere. The symbiotic interaction of PPFMs has many desirable effects on plant growth and disease resistance. The present study investigated the potential of native PPFMs for mitigating biotic stress and plant growth promotion in ginger. PPFMs were isolated from ginger phyllosphere by leaf imprint technique and screened against major fungal phytopathogens of ginger viz. Macrophomina phaseolina, Sclerotium rolfsii, Pythium myriotylum, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Fusarium oxysporum. Among the 60 PPFMs, IISRGPPFM13 was selected for its highly inhibitory activity against the target pathogens. The isolate was useful for mineral solubility, production of IAA, siderophores and hydrolytic enzymes like cellulase, pectinase, lipase, amylase and chitinase. On in planta experiments revealed that IISRGPPFM13 considerably increased plant growth parameters when the bacterium was applied as soil drenching cum foliar spraying. Methanol utilization potential of the isolate was confirmed by mxaF gene analysis where the sequence showing 95.51% identity towards Methylobacterium platani and M. iners. Further, 16S rRNA gene sequence showing 98.73% identity with M. komagatae 002-079 T (AB252201). This is the first report of its kind that a genus of Methylobacterium with biostimulant potential isolated from the phyllosphere of ginger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ponnusamy Vadivukkarasi
- Division of Crop Protection, ICAR-Indian Institute of Spices Research (IISR), Marikunnu P.O., Kozhikode, Kerala, 673012, India
| | - R Suseela Bhai
- Division of Crop Protection, ICAR-Indian Institute of Spices Research (IISR), Marikunnu P.O., Kozhikode, Kerala, 673012, India.
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Jaya Divakaran S, Sara Philip J, Chereddy P, Nori SRC, Jaya Ganesh A, John J, Nelson-Sathi S. Insights into the Bacterial Profiles and Resistome Structures Following the Severe 2018 Flood in Kerala, South India. Microorganisms 2019; 7:E474. [PMID: 31635115 PMCID: PMC6843399 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7100474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Extreme flooding is one of the major risk factors for human health, and it can significantly influence the microbial communities and enhance the mobility of infectious disease agents within the affected areas. The flood crisis in 2018 was one of the severe natural calamities recorded in the southern state of India (Kerala) that significantly affected its economy and ecological habitat. We utilized a combination of shotgun metagenomics and bioinformatics approaches to understand the bacterial profile and the abundance of pathogenic and antibiotic-resistant bacteria in extremely flooded areas of Kuttanad, Kerala (4-10 feet below sea level). Here we report the bacterial profiles of flooded sites that are abundant with virulent and resistant bacteria. The flooded sites were heavily contaminated with faecal contamination indicators such as Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis and multidrug-resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi/typhimurium, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Vibrio cholerae. The resistome of the flooded sites contains 103 known resistant genes, of which 38% are plasmid-encoded, where most of them are known to be associated with pathogenic bacteria. Our results reveal an overall picture of the bacterial profile and resistome of sites following a devastating flood event, which might increase the levels of pathogens and its associated risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Jaya Divakaran
- Interdisciplinary Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Thiruvananthapuram 695 014, Kerala, India.
| | - Jamiema Sara Philip
- Interdisciplinary Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Thiruvananthapuram 695 014, Kerala, India.
| | - Padma Chereddy
- Interdisciplinary Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Thiruvananthapuram 695 014, Kerala, India.
| | - Sai Ravi Chandra Nori
- Interdisciplinary Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Thiruvananthapuram 695 014, Kerala, India.
| | - Akshay Jaya Ganesh
- Interdisciplinary Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Thiruvananthapuram 695 014, Kerala, India.
| | - Jiffy John
- Interdisciplinary Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Thiruvananthapuram 695 014, Kerala, India.
| | - Shijulal Nelson-Sathi
- Interdisciplinary Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Thiruvananthapuram 695 014, Kerala, India.
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Kurian NK, Modi D. Extracellular vesicle mediated embryo-endometrial cross talk during implantation and in pregnancy. J Assist Reprod Genet 2019; 36:189-198. [PMID: 30362057 PMCID: PMC6420537 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-018-1343-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles are lipoproteinaceous membrane-enclosed nanometer-sized structures produced by cells and are thought to mediate cellular communications. Loaded with a specific set of miRNA and protein depending on their tissue of origin, these extracellular vesicles modulate diverse set of biological processes in their target tissues. In recent years, data has gathered on the roles of extracellular vesicles in embryo implantation and pregnancy. Embryo, oviduct, endometrial epithelium and stroma/decidua derived vesicles interact with trophoblast cells and promote their growth and differentiation to aid in embryo implantation. The placental vesicles are detected in maternal circulation that aids in feto-maternal immune tolerance, their levels vary in women with pregnancy-related complications like preeclampsia. Beyond the host, the microbes in the genital tract are also reported to produce extracellular vesicles which are thought to be responsible for inflammation and preterm births. This review focuses on the extracellular vesicular trafficking involved in success of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noble K Kurian
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, Indian Council of Medical Research, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Mumbai, 400012, India
| | - Deepak Modi
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, Indian Council of Medical Research, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Mumbai, 400012, India.
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Thomas J, Periakaruppan P, Thomas V, John J, S M, Thomas T, Jose J, I R, A M. Morphology dependent nonlinear optical and photocatalytic activity of anisotropic plasmonic silver. RSC Adv 2018; 8:41288-41298. [PMID: 35559329 PMCID: PMC9091622 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra08893d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Anisotropic nanoparticles are ideal building blocks for a number of functional materials due to their exceptional and anisotropic optical, electronic, magnetic and mechanical properties. In this work we present systematic studies on morphology dependent ultra-sensitive thermal diffusivity and photodegradation capability of anisotropic plasmonic silver for the first time. Hydrogen peroxide centered synthesis was performed to prepare anisotropic silver nanosystems spherical (14 nm), quasi-spherical (17 nm), elliptical (18 m), rods (aspect ratio 2.1), hexagonal (22 nm) and prisms (19 nm). The synthesized nanosystems were characterized using UV-VIS spectroscopy, high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and band gap analysis. A dual beam mode matched thermal lensing method was adopted for evaluating the thermal diffusivity of the anisotropic system. The present anisotropic nanoparticle system exhibited strong morphology based thermal diffusivity. An increase of 140% in the thermal diffusivity value points to the nonlinear optical application potential of the anisotropic systems. Sunlight mediated photodegradation of methylene blue showed a promising increase in the degradation rate for anisotropic systems compared to other similar systems reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeena Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, Thiagarajar College Madurai-625009 India
| | | | - Vinoy Thomas
- Centre for Functional Materials, Christian College Chengannur - 689122 India
| | - Jancy John
- Centre for Functional Materials, Christian College Chengannur - 689122 India
| | - Mathew S
- International School of Photonics, Cochin University of Science and Technology Cochin-22 India
| | - Titu Thomas
- Centre for Functional Materials, Christian College Chengannur - 689122 India
| | - Jasmine Jose
- Centre for Functional Materials, Christian College Chengannur - 689122 India
| | - Rejeena I
- Nano Photonics Division, MSM College Kayamkulam-690502 India
| | - Mujeeb A
- International School of Photonics, Cochin University of Science and Technology Cochin-22 India
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Thomas JM, Surendran S, Abraham M, Sasankan D, Bhaadri S, Rajavelu A, Kartha CC. Gene expression analysis of nidus of cerebral arteriovenous malformations reveals vascular structures with deficient differentiation and maturation. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198617. [PMID: 29897969 PMCID: PMC5999265 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are characterised by tangles of dysplastic blood vessels which shunt blood from arteries to veins with no intervening capillary bed. It is not known at what stage of development and differentiation, AVM vessels became aberrant. To address this, we have analysed the expression of vascular differentiation, vascular maturation and brain capillary specific genes in AVM nidus. Methodology We performed immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis of vascular differentiation (HEY2, DLL4, EFNB2, and COUP-TFII), vascular maturation (ENG and KLF2) and brain capillary specific genes (GGTP and GLUT1) on ten surgically excised human brain AVMs and ten normal human brain tissues. Results Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that AVM vessels co-express both artery and vein differentiation genes. H-score analysis revealed that there is statistically significant (P < 0.0001) increase in expression of these proteins in AVM vessels compared to control vessels. These findings were further confirmed by western blot analysis and found to be statistically significant (P < 0.0001 and P < 0.001) for all proteins except Hey2. Both immunostaining and western blot analysis revealed that AVM vessels express GGTP and GLUT1, markers specific to brain capillaries. Immunofluorescent staining demonstrated that expression of KLF2, a vascular maturation marker is significantly (P <0.001) decreased in AVM vessels and was further confirmed by western blot analysis (P < 0.001). Immunohistochemical and western blot analysis demonstrated that another vascular maturation protein Endoglin had high expression in AVM vessels compared to control vessels. The results were found to be statistically significant (P < 0.0001). Summary Our findings suggest that vascular structures of AVMs co-express markers specific for arteries, veins and capillaries. We conclude that AVM nidus constitutes of aberrant vessels which are not terminally differentiated and inadequately matured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Mary Thomas
- Cardio Vascular Diseases and Diabetes Biology Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Poojapura, Thycaud, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Sumi Surendran
- Cardio Vascular Diseases and Diabetes Biology Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Poojapura, Thycaud, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Mathew Abraham
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences & Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Dhakshmi Sasankan
- Cardio Vascular Diseases and Diabetes Biology Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Poojapura, Thycaud, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Sridutt Bhaadri
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences & Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Arumugam Rajavelu
- Cardio Vascular Diseases and Diabetes Biology Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Poojapura, Thycaud, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
- Tropical Disease Biology Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Poojapura, Thycaud, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
- * E-mail: (AR); (CCK)
| | - Chandrasekharan C. Kartha
- Cardio Vascular Diseases and Diabetes Biology Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Poojapura, Thycaud, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
- * E-mail: (AR); (CCK)
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Palazhy S, Kamath P, Vasudevan DM. Dietary Fats and Oxidative Stress: A Cross-Sectional Study Among Coronary Artery Disease Subjects Consuming Coconut Oil/Sunflower Oil. Indian J Clin Biochem 2018; 33:69-74. [PMID: 29371772 PMCID: PMC5766459 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-017-0639-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Coconut oil has been used by the people of Kerala as a cooking medium for several decades. Due to its alleged hypercholesterolemic activity, general population in recent times is shifting to cooking oils rich in polyunsaturated fats, the most popular being sunflower oil. The effect of long-term consumption of sunflower oil on oxidative stress in humans is not well investigated. We studied oxidative stress among coronary artery disease (CAD) patients who were consuming coconut oil or sunflower oil as a part of their routine diet. Men, aged 35-70 years, with established CAD, who presented to the hospital for routine cardiac evaluations, were enrolled in this observational study. Group 1 and 2 consisted of 73 and 80 subjects consuming coconut oil and sunflower oil respectively for over a period of 2 years. Lipid profile and parameters for oxidative stress were evaluated among them. Conventional lipid parameters did not differ significantly between the two groups. Mean vitamin C concentration was significantly reduced for subjects on sunflower oil compared to those consuming coconut oil (P = 0.044). Malondialdehyde was higher for sunflower oil consumers compared to coconut oil consumers (P < 0.0001). Other parameters such as oxidized LDL, GSH, GPx and SOD were not found to be significantly different between the two groups. The results of the present study show that coconut oil did not induce hypercholesterolemia compared to sunflower oil. On the other hand, sunflower oil group had elevated oxidative stress compared to coconut oil group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabitha Palazhy
- Department of Biochemistry, Amrita School of Medicine, Kochi, Kerala 682041 India
| | - Prakash Kamath
- Department of Cardiology, Amrita School of Medicine, Kochi, Kerala 682041 India
| | - D. M. Vasudevan
- Department of Biochemistry, Amrita School of Medicine, Kochi, Kerala 682041 India
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Jasim B, Sreelakshmi S, Mathew J, Radhakrishnan EK. Identification of endophytic Bacillus mojavensis with highly specialized broad spectrum antibacterial activity. 3 Biotech 2016; 6:187. [PMID: 28330259 PMCID: PMC5009053 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-016-0508-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Biosynthetic adaptation of endophytic bacteria to chemically support host plant is very remarkable. Hence these organisms from medicinal plants are considered as highly valuable sources for natural products with diverse bioactivity. Their metabolite diversity and biosynthetic versatility have been increasingly explored for drug discovery. In this study, an endophytic Bacillus mojavensis with broad spectrum antibacterial properties has been analyzed for the chemical basis of its activity. By LC-MS/MS the organism was identified to have the biosynthetic ability to produce lipopeptides surfactin and fengycin. The impressive antibacterial activity of B. mojavensis as reported in the study indicates its broad antimicrobial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Jasim
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, PD Hills (PO), Kottayam, 686 560, Kerala, India
| | - S Sreelakshmi
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, PD Hills (PO), Kottayam, 686 560, Kerala, India
| | - Jyothis Mathew
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, PD Hills (PO), Kottayam, 686 560, Kerala, India
| | - E K Radhakrishnan
- School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, PD Hills (PO), Kottayam, 686 560, Kerala, India.
- Inter University Instrumentation Centre, Mahatma Gandhi University, PD Hills (PO), Kottayam, 686 560, Kerala, India.
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