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Bastawy EM, Eraslan IM, Voglsanger L, Suphioglu C, Walker AJ, Dean OM, Read JL, Ziemann M, Smith CM. Novel Insights into Changes in Gene Expression within the Hypothalamus in Two Asthma Mouse Models: A Transcriptomic Lung-Brain Axis Study. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7391. [PMID: 39000495 PMCID: PMC11242700 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Patients with asthma experience elevated rates of mental illness. However, the molecular links underlying such lung-brain crosstalk remain ambiguous. Hypothalamic dysfunction is observed in many psychiatric disorders, particularly those with an inflammatory component due to many hypothalamic regions being unprotected by the blood-brain barrier. To gain a better insight into such neuropsychiatric sequelae, this study investigated gene expression differences in the hypothalamus following lung inflammation (asthma) induction in mice, using RNA transcriptome profiling. BALB/c mice were challenged with either bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS, E. coli) or ovalbumin (OVA) allergens or saline control (n = 7 per group), and lung inflammation was confirmed via histological examination of postmortem lung tissue. The majority of the hypothalamus was micro-dissected, and total RNA was extracted for sequencing. Differential expression analysis identified 31 statistically significant single genes (false discovery rate FDR5%) altered in expression following LPS exposure compared to controls; however, none were significantly changed following OVA treatment, suggesting a milder hypothalamic response. When gene sets were examined, 48 were upregulated and 8 were downregulated in both asthma groups relative to controls. REACTOME enrichment analysis suggests these gene sets are involved in signal transduction metabolism, immune response and neuroplasticity. Interestingly, we identified five altered gene sets directly associated with neurotransmitter signaling. Intriguingly, many of these altered gene sets can influence mental health and or/neuroinflammation in humans. These findings help characterize the links between asthma-induced lung inflammation and the brain and may assist in identifying relevant pathways and therapeutic targets for future intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eslam M Bastawy
- Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Deakin University, Geelong 3216, Australia
| | - Izel M Eraslan
- Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Deakin University, Geelong 3216, Australia
| | - Lara Voglsanger
- Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Deakin University, Geelong 3216, Australia
| | - Cenk Suphioglu
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Built Environment, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong 3216, Australia
| | - Adam J Walker
- Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Deakin University, Geelong 3216, Australia
| | - Olivia M Dean
- Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Deakin University, Geelong 3216, Australia
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne 3052, Australia
| | - Justin L Read
- Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Deakin University, Geelong 3216, Australia
| | - Mark Ziemann
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Built Environment, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong 3216, Australia
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne 3004, Australia
| | - Craig M Smith
- Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Deakin University, Geelong 3216, Australia
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2
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Nano M, Montell DJ. Apoptotic signaling: Beyond cell death. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 156:22-34. [PMID: 37988794 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis is the best described form of regulated cell death, and was, until relatively recently, considered irreversible once particular biochemical points-of-no-return were activated. In this manuscript, we examine the mechanisms cells use to escape from a self-amplifying death signaling module. We discuss the role of feedback, dynamics, propagation, and noise in apoptotic signaling. We conclude with a revised model for the role of apoptosis in animal development, homeostasis, and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddalena Nano
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA; Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.
| | - Denise J Montell
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA; Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.
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3
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Chodurek E, Orchel A, Gwiazdoń P, Kaps A, Paduszyński P, Jaworska-Kik M, Chrobak E, Bębenek E, Boryczka S, Kasperczyk J. Antiproliferative and Cytotoxic Properties of Propynoyl Betulin Derivatives against Human Ovarian Cancer Cells: In Vitro Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16487. [PMID: 38003677 PMCID: PMC10671498 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the incidence of ovarian cancer (OC) and the limitations of available therapeutic strategies, it is necessary to search for novel therapeutic solutions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of betulin 1 and its propynoyl derivatives 2-6 against ovarian cancer cells (SK-OV-3, OVCAR-3) and normal myofibroblasts (18Co). Paclitaxel was used as the reference compound. The propynoyl derivatives 2-6 exhibited stronger antiproliferative and cytotoxic activities compared to betulin 1. In both ovarian cancer cell lines, the most potent compound was 28-propynoylbetulin 2. In the case of compound 2, the calculated IC50 values were 0.2 µM for the SK-OV-3 cells and 0.19 µM for the OVCAR-3 cells. Under the same culture conditions, the calculated IC50 values for compound 6 were 0.26 µM and 0.59 µM, respectively. It was observed that cells treated with compounds 2 and 6 caused a decrease in the potential of the mitochondrial membrane and a significant change in cell morphology. Betulin 1, a diol from the group of pentacyclic triterpenes, has a confirmed wide spectrum of biological effects, including a significant anticancer effect. It is characterized by low bioavailability, which can be improved by introducing changes to its structure. The results showed that chemical modifications of betulin 1 only at position C-28 with the propynoyl group (compound 2) and additionally at position C-3 with the phosphate group (compound 3) or at C-29 with the phosphonate group (compound 6) allowed us to obtain compounds with greater cytotoxic activity than their parent compounds, which could be used to develop novel therapeutic systems effective in the treatment of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Chodurek
- Department of Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 8 Jedności Str., 41-208 Sosnowiec, Poland; (A.O.); (P.G.); (A.K.); (P.P.); (M.J.-K.); (J.K.)
| | - Arkadiusz Orchel
- Department of Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 8 Jedności Str., 41-208 Sosnowiec, Poland; (A.O.); (P.G.); (A.K.); (P.P.); (M.J.-K.); (J.K.)
| | - Paweł Gwiazdoń
- Department of Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 8 Jedności Str., 41-208 Sosnowiec, Poland; (A.O.); (P.G.); (A.K.); (P.P.); (M.J.-K.); (J.K.)
| | - Anna Kaps
- Department of Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 8 Jedności Str., 41-208 Sosnowiec, Poland; (A.O.); (P.G.); (A.K.); (P.P.); (M.J.-K.); (J.K.)
| | - Piotr Paduszyński
- Department of Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 8 Jedności Str., 41-208 Sosnowiec, Poland; (A.O.); (P.G.); (A.K.); (P.P.); (M.J.-K.); (J.K.)
| | - Marzena Jaworska-Kik
- Department of Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 8 Jedności Str., 41-208 Sosnowiec, Poland; (A.O.); (P.G.); (A.K.); (P.P.); (M.J.-K.); (J.K.)
| | - Elwira Chrobak
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 4 Jagiellońska Str., 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (E.C.); (E.B.); (S.B.)
| | - Ewa Bębenek
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 4 Jagiellońska Str., 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (E.C.); (E.B.); (S.B.)
| | - Stanisław Boryczka
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 4 Jagiellońska Str., 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (E.C.); (E.B.); (S.B.)
| | - Janusz Kasperczyk
- Department of Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 8 Jedności Str., 41-208 Sosnowiec, Poland; (A.O.); (P.G.); (A.K.); (P.P.); (M.J.-K.); (J.K.)
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Attia AA, Hamad HA, Fawzy MA, Saleh SR. The Prophylactic Effect of Vitamin C and Vitamin B12 against Ultraviolet-C-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Male Rats. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114302. [PMID: 37298780 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet C (UVC) devices are an effective means of disinfecting surfaces and protecting medical tools against various microbes, including coronavirus. Overexposure to UVC can induce oxidative stress, damage the genetic material, and harm biological systems. This study investigated the prophylactic efficacy of vitamin C and B12 against hepatotoxicity in UVC-intoxicated rats. Rats were irradiated with UVC (725.76, 967.68, and 1048.36 J/cm2) for 2 weeks. The rats were pretreated with the aforementioned antioxidants for two months before UVC irradiation. The prophylactic effect of vitamins against UVC hepatotoxicity was evaluated by monitoring the alteration of liver enzyme activities, antioxidant status, apoptotic and inflammatory markers, DNA fragmentation, and histological and ultrastructural alterations. Rats exposed to UVC showed a significant increase in liver enzymes, oxidant-antioxidant balance disruption, and increased hepatic inflammatory markers (TNF-α, IL-1β, iNOS, and IDO-1). Additionally, obvious over-expression of activated caspase-3 protein and DNA fragmentation were detected. Histological and ultrastructural examinations verified the biochemical findings. Co-treatment with vitamins ameliorated the deviated parameters to variable degrees. In conclusion, vitamin C could alleviate UVC-induced hepatotoxicity more than vitamin B12 by diminishing oxidative stress, inflammation, and DNA damage. This study could provide a reference for the clinical practice of vitamin C and B12 as radioprotective for workers in UVC disinfectant areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azza A Attia
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21515, Egypt
| | - Huda A Hamad
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21515, Egypt
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Omar Al-Mukhtar University, Al Bayda 00218, Libya
| | - M Adel Fawzy
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21515, Egypt
| | - Samar R Saleh
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21515, Egypt
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5
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Kulbay M, Johnson B, Ricaud G, Séguin-Grignon MN, Bernier J. Energetic metabolic reprogramming in Jurkat DFF40-deficient cancer cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 477:2213-2233. [PMID: 35460011 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04433-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
DNA fragmentation factor 40 (DFF40), or the caspase-activated DNase (CAD), is an endonuclease specific for double-stranded DNA. Alterations in its function and expression have been linked to apoptosis resistance, a mechanism likely used by cancer cells. However, how the DFF40-related apoptosis resistance pathway occurs remains unclear. Here, we sought to determine if DFF40 expression could be linked to cell metabolism through the regulation of mitochondrial integrity and function. We demonstrated that DFF40-deficient cells are more resistant to staurosporine and tributyltin (TBT)-induced apoptosis, and express higher levels of Mcl-1 at basal state. Treatment with TBT induces higher Bcl-2 and caspase-9 mRNA transcripts in DFF40 KO Jurkat cells, as well as enhanced Bcl-2 phosphorylation. A loss of DFF40 expression induces a higher mitochondrial mass, mtDNA copy number, mitochondrial membrane potential, and glycolysis rates in resting T cells. DFF40-deficient cells exhibit the Warburg effect phenotype, where they rely significantly more on glycolysis than oxidative phosphorylation and have a higher proliferative state, demonstrated by a higher Ki-67 transcription factor expression and AKT phosphorylation. Finally, we demonstrated with cell fractioning that DFF40 can translocate to the mitochondria following apoptosis induction. Our study reveals that DFF40 may act as a regulator of mitochondria during cell death and its loss could compromise mitochondrial integrity and cause an energetic reprogramming in pathologies such as cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Kulbay
- INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, 531 Boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC, H7V 1B7, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, 2900 Blvd. Edouard Montpetit, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Bruno Johnson
- INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, 531 Boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC, H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Guillaume Ricaud
- INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, 531 Boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC, H7V 1B7, Canada
| | | | - Jacques Bernier
- INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, 531 Boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC, H7V 1B7, Canada.
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6
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Gossypol Treatment Restores Insufficient Apoptotic Function of DFF40/CAD in Human Glioblastoma Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215579. [PMID: 34771741 PMCID: PMC8583586 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly aggressive brain tumor and almost all patients die because of relapses. GBM-derived cells undergo cell death without nuclear fragmentation upon treatment with different apoptotic agents. Nuclear dismantling determines the point-of-no-return in the apoptotic process. DFF40/CAD is the main endonuclease implicated in apoptotic nuclear disassembly. To be properly activated, DFF40/CAD should reside in the cytosol. However, the endonuclease is poorly expressed in the cytosol and remains cumulated in the nucleus of GBM cells. Here, by employing commercial and non-commercial patient-derived GBM cells, we demonstrate that the natural terpenoid aldehyde gossypol prompts DFF40/CAD-dependent nuclear fragmentation. A comparative analysis between gossypol- and staurosporine-treated cells evidenced that levels of neither caspase activation nor DNA damage were correlated with the ability of each compound to induce nuclear fragmentation. Deconvoluted confocal images revealed that DFF40/CAD was almost completely excluded from the nucleus early after the staurosporine challenge. However, gossypol-treated cells maintained DFF40/CAD in the nucleus for longer times, shaping a ribbon-like structure piercing the nuclear fragments and building a network of bridged masses of compacted chromatin. Therefore, GBM cells can fragment their nuclei if treated with the adequate insult, making the cell death process irreversible.
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7
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DFF40 deficiency in cancerous T cells is implicated in chemotherapy drug sensitivity and resistance through the regulation of the apoptotic pathway. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 194:114801. [PMID: 34678222 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The regulation of the apoptotic pathway is one of the most studied mechanisms regarding cancer cell resistance. Many mutations have been linked to drug resistance. The DNA fragmentation factor 40 (DFF40) has been gaining interest regarding cancer cell response to chemotherapy and patient outcomes. Glioblastomas and uterine leiomyosarcomas have been shown to have a downregulation of DFF40 expression, conferring a poor patient prognosis. In concordance with these observations, in this study, we showed that DFF40 gene is also downregulated in breast, endocervical, ovarian, lung, pancreas and glioblastomas. DFF40 is the endonuclease responsible of DNA fragmentation during apoptosis. In this study, we sought to determine if a DFF40 deficiency in Jurkat T cells could impact the sensitivity to conventional chemotherapy drugs. CRISPR-cas9 generated DFF40 knockout (DFF40 KO) stable Jurkat cells and wild-type (DFF40 WT) cells were treated with different antimetabolites and topoisomerase II (TOP2) inhibitors, and cell viability was subsequently assessed. DFF40 deficient cells show chemoresistance to antimetabolites (e.g. methotrexate, 6-mercaptopurine and cytarabine) and surprisingly, they are more sensitive to TOP2 inhibitors (e.g. etoposide and teniposide). DFF40 deficient cells exposed to cytarabine present lower phosphatidylserine translocation levels to the outer cell membrane layer. Etoposide exposure in DFF40 deficient cells induces higher mortality levels and downregulation of Bcl-xL cells compared to DFF40 expressing T cells. The abolition of DFF40 expression in Jurkat cells significantly impairs histone H2AX phosphorylation following etoposide and cytarabine treatments. Our findings suggest that DFF40 is a novel key target in cancer cell resistance that potentially regulates genomic stability.
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Kulbay M, Bernier-Parker N, Bernier J. The role of the DFF40/CAD endonuclease in genomic stability. Apoptosis 2021; 26:9-23. [PMID: 33387146 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-020-01649-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Maintenance of genomic stability in cells is primordial for cellular integrity and protection against tumor progression. Many factors such as ultraviolet light, oxidative stress, exposure to chemical reagents, particularly mutagens and radiation, can alter the integrity of the genome. Thus, human cells are equipped with many mechanisms that prevent these irreversible lesions in the genome, as DNA repair pathways, cell cycle checkpoints, and telomeric function. These mechanisms activate cellular apoptosis to maintain DNA stability. Emerging studies have proposed a new protein in the maintenance of genomic stability: the DNA fragmentation factor (DFF). The DFF40 is an endonuclease responsible of the oligonucleosomal fragmentation of the DNA during apoptosis. The lack of DFF in renal carcinoma cells induces apoptosis without oligonucleosomal fragmentation, which poses a threat to genetic information transfer between cancerous and healthy cells. In this review, we expose the link between the DFF and genomic instability as the source of disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Kulbay
- INRS - Centre Armand-Frappier-Santé-Biotechnologie, 531 Boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC, H7V 1B7, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, 2900 Blvd. Edouard Montpetit, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Nathan Bernier-Parker
- Toronto Animal Health Partners Emergency and Specialty Hospital, 1 Scarsdale Road, North York, ON, M3B 2R2, Canada
| | - Jacques Bernier
- INRS - Centre Armand-Frappier-Santé-Biotechnologie, 531 Boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC, H7V 1B7, Canada.
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Allende S, Henry C, Bec J. Dynamics and fragmentation of small inextensible fibres in turbulence. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2020; 378:20190398. [PMID: 32564725 PMCID: PMC7333949 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2019.0398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The fragmentation of small, brittle, flexible, inextensible fibres is investigated in a fully developed, homogeneous, isotropic turbulent flow. Such small fibres spend most of their time fully stretched and their dynamics follows that of stiff rods. They can then break through tensile failure, i.e. when the tension is higher than a given threshold. Fibres bend when experiencing a strong compression. During these rare and intermittent buckling events, they can break under flexural failure, i.e. when the curvature exceeds a threshold. Fine-scale massive simulations of both the fluid flow and the fibre dynamics are performed to provide statistics on these two fragmentation processes. This gives ingredients for the development of accurate macroscopic models, namely the fragmentation rate and daughter-size distributions, which can be used to predict the time evolution of the fibre size distribution. Evidence is provided for the generic nature of turbulent fragmentation and of the resulting population dynamics. It is indeed shown that the statistics of break-up is fully determined by the probability distribution of Lagrangian fluid velocity gradients. This approach singles out that the only relevant dimensionless parameter is a local flexibility which balances flow stretching to the fibre elastic forces. This article is part of the theme issue 'Fluid dynamics, soft matter and complex systems: recent results and new methods'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofía Allende
- MINES ParisTech, PSL Research University, CNRS, CEMEF, Sophia-Antipolis, France
| | - Christophe Henry
- Université Côte d’Azur, INRIA, Team TOSCA, Sophia-Antipolis, France
| | - Jérémie Bec
- MINES ParisTech, PSL Research University, CNRS, CEMEF, Sophia-Antipolis, France
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Kulbay M, Johnson B, Bernier J. DNA fragmentation factor 40 expression in T cells confers sensibility to tributyltin-induced apoptosis. Toxicology 2019; 426:152255. [PMID: 31401084 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2019.152255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
DNA fragmentation factor 40 (DFF40), an endonuclease, mediates the final and irreversible step of apoptosis by conducting oligonucleosomal DNA fragmentation. New emerging studies have proposed a role of DFF40 in genomic stability, besides its nuclease activity. Overexpression of DFF40 in tumoral cells increases their sensitivity to chemotherapeutic drugs. In this study, we sought to determine if DFF40 expression influences the toxicity of tributyltin (TBT), a well-known immunotoxic and apoptosis-inducing compound. The strategy used was to knockout DFF40 expression by CRISPR-cas9 method in Jurkat T cells and to determine the toxicity of TBT in DFF40 KO cells and DFF40 WT Jurkat cells. DFF40 KO Jurkat cells show an increase of cell viability following a 24-h TBT exposure (p < 0.05). There is a resistance to TBT-induced apoptosis determined by annexin V/PI am labeling (p < 0.05). Interestingly, the basal level of ROS rises in DFF40 KO Jurkat cells, but ROS production levels after TBT exposure remains at the same basal level. Other apoptosis or DNA damage makers (procaspase-3, caspase-6, and PARP cleavage) are significantly delayed and decreased. DFF40 deficient cells do not present histone H2AX phosphorylation, whereas wild-type cells present a phosphorylation following a 6-h exposure to TBT (p < 0.001). The re-expression of DFF40 in DFF40 KO cells restores the cytotoxic effects of TBT. Overall, these data suggest a role of DFF40 in cells sensitivity to TBT and possibly in DNA stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Kulbay
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, 531 boulevard des Prairies, H7V 1B7, Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Bruno Johnson
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, 531 boulevard des Prairies, H7V 1B7, Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Jacques Bernier
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, 531 boulevard des Prairies, H7V 1B7, Laval, Québec, Canada.
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11
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Caetano BFR, Tablas MB, Pereira NEF, de Moura NA, Carvalho RF, Rodrigues MAM, Barbisan LF. Capsaicin reduces genotoxicity, colonic cell proliferation and preneoplastic lesions induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine in rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 338:93-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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12
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Photodynamic process induced by chloro-aluminum phthalocyanine nanoemulsion in glioblastoma. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2017; 19:221-228. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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13
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Keyel PA. Dnases in health and disease. Dev Biol 2017; 429:1-11. [PMID: 28666955 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
DNA degradation is critical to healthy organism development and survival. Two nuclease families that play key roles in development and in disease are the Dnase1 and Dnase2 families. While these two families were initially characterized by biochemical function, it is now clear that multiple enzymes in each family perform similar, non-redundant roles in many different tissues. Most Dnase1 and Dnase2 family members are poorly characterized, yet their elimination can lead to a wide range of diseases, including lethal anemia, parakeratosis, cataracts and systemic lupus erythematosus. Therefore, understanding these enzyme families represents a critical field of emerging research. This review explores what is currently known about Dnase1 and Dnase2 family members, highlighting important questions about the structure and function of family members, and how their absence translates to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Keyel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, United States.
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14
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Larsen BD, Sørensen CS. The caspase-activated DNase: apoptosis and beyond. FEBS J 2016; 284:1160-1170. [PMID: 27865056 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Organismal development and function requires multiple and accurate signal transduction pathways to ensure that proper balance between cell proliferation, differentiation, inactivation, and death is achieved. Cell death via apoptotic caspase signal transduction is extensively characterized and integral to this balance. Importantly, the view of apoptotic signal transduction has expanded over the previous decades. Subapoptotic caspase signaling has surfaced as mechanism that can promote the adoption of a range of cellular fates. An emerging mechanism of subapoptotic caspase signaling is the activation of the caspase-activated DNase (CAD) through controlled cleavage of the inhibitor of CAD (ICAD). CAD-induced DNA breaks incite a DNA damage response, frequently invoking p53 signaling, that transduces a change in cell fate. Cell differentiation and senescence are fates demonstrated to arise from CAD-induced DNA breaks. Furthermore, an apparent consequence of CAD activity is also emerging, as a potential source of oncogenic mutations. This review will discuss the mechanisms underlying CAD-induced DNA breaks and highlight how CAD activity promotes diverse cell fates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian D Larsen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claus S Sørensen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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Arun R, Dhivya S, Abraham SK, Premkumar K. Low-dose chemotherapeutic drugs induce reactive oxygen species and initiate apoptosis-mediated genomic instability. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2016; 5:547-556. [PMID: 30090369 PMCID: PMC6062221 DOI: 10.1039/c5tx00391a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolonged cancer cell survival, acquiring drug resistance, and secondary cancer development despite chemotherapy are the major challenges during cancer treatment, whose underlying mechanism still remains elusive. In this study, low-doses of chemotherapeutic drugs (LDCD) - doxorubicin (DOX), etoposide (ETOP), and busulfan (BUS) were used to ascertain the effect of residual concentrations of drugs on breast cancer cells. Our results showed that exposure to LDCD caused significant induction of ROS, early signs of apoptosis and accumulation of cells in S and G2-M phases of the cell cycle in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines. Under drug-free recovery conditions, a decrease in the number of apoptotic cells and an increase in the number of colonies formed were observed. Analysis of the molecular mechanism showed lower expression of cleaved products of caspase 3, 9, PARP and occurrence of DNA strand breaks in recovered cells compared to LDCD-treated cells, suggesting incomplete cell death activation and survival of cells with genomic damage after therapeutic insult. Thus, LDCD induces defective apoptosis in cancer cells allowing a small population of cells to escape from cell cycle check points and survive with accumulated genetic damage that could eventually result in secondary cancers that warrants further studies for better therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renganathan Arun
- Cancer Genetics and Nanomedicine Laboratory , Department of Biomedical Science , School of Basic Medical Sciences , Bharathidasan University , Tiruchirappalli 620024 , Tamilnadu , India . ; ; Tel: +91-8056589893
| | - Sridaran Dhivya
- Cancer Genetics and Nanomedicine Laboratory , Department of Biomedical Science , School of Basic Medical Sciences , Bharathidasan University , Tiruchirappalli 620024 , Tamilnadu , India . ; ; Tel: +91-8056589893
| | - Suresh K Abraham
- School of Life Sciences , Jawaharlal Nehru University , New Delhi 110067 , India
| | - Kumpati Premkumar
- Cancer Genetics and Nanomedicine Laboratory , Department of Biomedical Science , School of Basic Medical Sciences , Bharathidasan University , Tiruchirappalli 620024 , Tamilnadu , India . ; ; Tel: +91-8056589893
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Sánchez-Osuna M, Martínez-Escardó L, Granados-Colomina C, Martínez-Soler F, Pascual-Guiral S, Iglesias-Guimarais V, Velasco R, Plans G, Vidal N, Tortosa A, Barcia C, Bruna J, Yuste VJ. An intrinsic DFF40/CAD endonuclease deficiency impairs oligonucleosomal DNA hydrolysis during caspase-dependent cell death: a common trait in human glioblastoma cells. Neuro Oncol 2016; 18:950-61. [PMID: 26755073 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nov315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GBM) or grade IV astrocytoma is one of the most devastating human cancers. The loss of DFF40/CAD, the key endonuclease that triggers oligonucleosomal DNA fragmentation during apoptosis, has been linked to genomic instability and cell survival after radiation. Despite the near inevitability of GBM tumor recurrence after treatment, the relationship between DFF40/CAD and GBM remains unexplored. METHODS We studied the apoptotic behavior of human GBM-derived cells after apoptotic insult. We analyzed caspase activation and the protein levels and subcellular localization of DFF40/CAD apoptotic endonuclease. DFF40/CAD was also evaluated in histological sections from astrocytic tumors and nontumoral human brain. RESULTS We showed that GBM cells undergo incomplete apoptosis without generating oligonucleosomal DNA degradation despite the correct activation of executioner caspases. The major defect of GBM cells relied on the improper accumulation of DFF40/CAD at the nucleoplasmic subcellular compartment. Supporting this finding, DFF40/CAD overexpression allowed GBM cells to display oligonucleosomal DNA degradation after apoptotic challenge. Moreover, the analysis of histological slices from astrocytic tumors showed that DFF40/CAD immunoreactivity in tumoral GFAP-positive cells was markedly reduced when compared with nontumoral samples. CONCLUSIONS Our data highlight the low expression levels of DFF40/CAD and the absence of DNA laddering as common molecular traits in GBM. These findings could be of major importance for understanding the malignant behavior of remaining tumor cells after radiochemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Sánchez-Osuna
- Cell Death, Senescence and Survival group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Institute of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (M.S.-O., L.M.-E., C.G.-C., S.P.-G., V.I.-G., V.J.Y.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (C.I.B.E.R.N.E.D.), Barcelona, Spain (M.S.-O., V.I.-G., V.J.Y.); Department of Basic Nursing, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (F.M.-S., A.T.); Unit of Neuro-Oncology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-I.C.O Duran i Reynals, Barcelona, Spain (R.V., G.P., N.V., J.B.); Group of Neuroplasticity and Regeneration (C.I.B.E.R.N.E.D.), Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology & Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (R.V., J.B.); Neuropathology Institute, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain (N.V.); Neuro-Immunity Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Institute of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (C.B.)
| | - Laura Martínez-Escardó
- Cell Death, Senescence and Survival group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Institute of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (M.S.-O., L.M.-E., C.G.-C., S.P.-G., V.I.-G., V.J.Y.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (C.I.B.E.R.N.E.D.), Barcelona, Spain (M.S.-O., V.I.-G., V.J.Y.); Department of Basic Nursing, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (F.M.-S., A.T.); Unit of Neuro-Oncology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-I.C.O Duran i Reynals, Barcelona, Spain (R.V., G.P., N.V., J.B.); Group of Neuroplasticity and Regeneration (C.I.B.E.R.N.E.D.), Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology & Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (R.V., J.B.); Neuropathology Institute, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain (N.V.); Neuro-Immunity Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Institute of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (C.B.)
| | - Carla Granados-Colomina
- Cell Death, Senescence and Survival group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Institute of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (M.S.-O., L.M.-E., C.G.-C., S.P.-G., V.I.-G., V.J.Y.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (C.I.B.E.R.N.E.D.), Barcelona, Spain (M.S.-O., V.I.-G., V.J.Y.); Department of Basic Nursing, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (F.M.-S., A.T.); Unit of Neuro-Oncology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-I.C.O Duran i Reynals, Barcelona, Spain (R.V., G.P., N.V., J.B.); Group of Neuroplasticity and Regeneration (C.I.B.E.R.N.E.D.), Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology & Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (R.V., J.B.); Neuropathology Institute, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain (N.V.); Neuro-Immunity Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Institute of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (C.B.)
| | - Fina Martínez-Soler
- Cell Death, Senescence and Survival group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Institute of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (M.S.-O., L.M.-E., C.G.-C., S.P.-G., V.I.-G., V.J.Y.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (C.I.B.E.R.N.E.D.), Barcelona, Spain (M.S.-O., V.I.-G., V.J.Y.); Department of Basic Nursing, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (F.M.-S., A.T.); Unit of Neuro-Oncology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-I.C.O Duran i Reynals, Barcelona, Spain (R.V., G.P., N.V., J.B.); Group of Neuroplasticity and Regeneration (C.I.B.E.R.N.E.D.), Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology & Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (R.V., J.B.); Neuropathology Institute, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain (N.V.); Neuro-Immunity Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Institute of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (C.B.)
| | - Sònia Pascual-Guiral
- Cell Death, Senescence and Survival group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Institute of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (M.S.-O., L.M.-E., C.G.-C., S.P.-G., V.I.-G., V.J.Y.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (C.I.B.E.R.N.E.D.), Barcelona, Spain (M.S.-O., V.I.-G., V.J.Y.); Department of Basic Nursing, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (F.M.-S., A.T.); Unit of Neuro-Oncology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-I.C.O Duran i Reynals, Barcelona, Spain (R.V., G.P., N.V., J.B.); Group of Neuroplasticity and Regeneration (C.I.B.E.R.N.E.D.), Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology & Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (R.V., J.B.); Neuropathology Institute, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain (N.V.); Neuro-Immunity Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Institute of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (C.B.)
| | - Victoria Iglesias-Guimarais
- Cell Death, Senescence and Survival group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Institute of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (M.S.-O., L.M.-E., C.G.-C., S.P.-G., V.I.-G., V.J.Y.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (C.I.B.E.R.N.E.D.), Barcelona, Spain (M.S.-O., V.I.-G., V.J.Y.); Department of Basic Nursing, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (F.M.-S., A.T.); Unit of Neuro-Oncology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-I.C.O Duran i Reynals, Barcelona, Spain (R.V., G.P., N.V., J.B.); Group of Neuroplasticity and Regeneration (C.I.B.E.R.N.E.D.), Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology & Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (R.V., J.B.); Neuropathology Institute, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain (N.V.); Neuro-Immunity Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Institute of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (C.B.)
| | - Roser Velasco
- Cell Death, Senescence and Survival group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Institute of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (M.S.-O., L.M.-E., C.G.-C., S.P.-G., V.I.-G., V.J.Y.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (C.I.B.E.R.N.E.D.), Barcelona, Spain (M.S.-O., V.I.-G., V.J.Y.); Department of Basic Nursing, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (F.M.-S., A.T.); Unit of Neuro-Oncology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-I.C.O Duran i Reynals, Barcelona, Spain (R.V., G.P., N.V., J.B.); Group of Neuroplasticity and Regeneration (C.I.B.E.R.N.E.D.), Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology & Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (R.V., J.B.); Neuropathology Institute, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain (N.V.); Neuro-Immunity Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Institute of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (C.B.)
| | - Gerard Plans
- Cell Death, Senescence and Survival group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Institute of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (M.S.-O., L.M.-E., C.G.-C., S.P.-G., V.I.-G., V.J.Y.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (C.I.B.E.R.N.E.D.), Barcelona, Spain (M.S.-O., V.I.-G., V.J.Y.); Department of Basic Nursing, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (F.M.-S., A.T.); Unit of Neuro-Oncology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-I.C.O Duran i Reynals, Barcelona, Spain (R.V., G.P., N.V., J.B.); Group of Neuroplasticity and Regeneration (C.I.B.E.R.N.E.D.), Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology & Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (R.V., J.B.); Neuropathology Institute, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain (N.V.); Neuro-Immunity Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Institute of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (C.B.)
| | - Noemi Vidal
- Cell Death, Senescence and Survival group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Institute of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (M.S.-O., L.M.-E., C.G.-C., S.P.-G., V.I.-G., V.J.Y.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (C.I.B.E.R.N.E.D.), Barcelona, Spain (M.S.-O., V.I.-G., V.J.Y.); Department of Basic Nursing, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (F.M.-S., A.T.); Unit of Neuro-Oncology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-I.C.O Duran i Reynals, Barcelona, Spain (R.V., G.P., N.V., J.B.); Group of Neuroplasticity and Regeneration (C.I.B.E.R.N.E.D.), Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology & Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (R.V., J.B.); Neuropathology Institute, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain (N.V.); Neuro-Immunity Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Institute of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (C.B.)
| | - Avelina Tortosa
- Cell Death, Senescence and Survival group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Institute of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (M.S.-O., L.M.-E., C.G.-C., S.P.-G., V.I.-G., V.J.Y.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (C.I.B.E.R.N.E.D.), Barcelona, Spain (M.S.-O., V.I.-G., V.J.Y.); Department of Basic Nursing, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (F.M.-S., A.T.); Unit of Neuro-Oncology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-I.C.O Duran i Reynals, Barcelona, Spain (R.V., G.P., N.V., J.B.); Group of Neuroplasticity and Regeneration (C.I.B.E.R.N.E.D.), Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology & Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (R.V., J.B.); Neuropathology Institute, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain (N.V.); Neuro-Immunity Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Institute of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (C.B.)
| | - Carlos Barcia
- Cell Death, Senescence and Survival group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Institute of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (M.S.-O., L.M.-E., C.G.-C., S.P.-G., V.I.-G., V.J.Y.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (C.I.B.E.R.N.E.D.), Barcelona, Spain (M.S.-O., V.I.-G., V.J.Y.); Department of Basic Nursing, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (F.M.-S., A.T.); Unit of Neuro-Oncology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-I.C.O Duran i Reynals, Barcelona, Spain (R.V., G.P., N.V., J.B.); Group of Neuroplasticity and Regeneration (C.I.B.E.R.N.E.D.), Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology & Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (R.V., J.B.); Neuropathology Institute, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain (N.V.); Neuro-Immunity Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Institute of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (C.B.)
| | - Jordi Bruna
- Cell Death, Senescence and Survival group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Institute of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (M.S.-O., L.M.-E., C.G.-C., S.P.-G., V.I.-G., V.J.Y.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (C.I.B.E.R.N.E.D.), Barcelona, Spain (M.S.-O., V.I.-G., V.J.Y.); Department of Basic Nursing, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (F.M.-S., A.T.); Unit of Neuro-Oncology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-I.C.O Duran i Reynals, Barcelona, Spain (R.V., G.P., N.V., J.B.); Group of Neuroplasticity and Regeneration (C.I.B.E.R.N.E.D.), Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology & Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (R.V., J.B.); Neuropathology Institute, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain (N.V.); Neuro-Immunity Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Institute of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (C.B.)
| | - Victor J Yuste
- Cell Death, Senescence and Survival group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Institute of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (M.S.-O., L.M.-E., C.G.-C., S.P.-G., V.I.-G., V.J.Y.); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (C.I.B.E.R.N.E.D.), Barcelona, Spain (M.S.-O., V.I.-G., V.J.Y.); Department of Basic Nursing, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (F.M.-S., A.T.); Unit of Neuro-Oncology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-I.C.O Duran i Reynals, Barcelona, Spain (R.V., G.P., N.V., J.B.); Group of Neuroplasticity and Regeneration (C.I.B.E.R.N.E.D.), Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology & Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (R.V., J.B.); Neuropathology Institute, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain (N.V.); Neuro-Immunity Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Institute of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (C.B.)
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Kawane K, Motani K, Nagata S. DNA degradation and its defects. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2014; 6:6/6/a016394. [PMID: 24890510 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a016394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
DNA is one of the most essential molecules in organisms, containing all the information necessary for organisms to live. It replicates and provides a mechanism for heredity and evolution. Various events cause the degradation of DNA into nucleotides. DNA also has a darker side that has only recently been recognized; DNA that is not properly degraded causes various diseases. In this review, we discuss four deoxyribonucleases that function in the nucleus, cytosol, and lysosomes, and how undigested DNA causes such diseases as cancer, cataract, and autoinflammation. Studies on the biochemical and physiological functions of deoxyribonucleases should continue to increase our understanding of cellular functions and human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohki Kawane
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Yoshida-Konoe, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kou Motani
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Yoshida-Konoe, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Shigekazu Nagata
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Yoshida-Konoe, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Yoshida-Konoe, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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Mfouo-Tynga I, Houreld NN, Abrahamse H. Induced cell death pathway post photodynamic therapy using a metallophthalocyanine photosensitizer in breast cancer cells. Photomed Laser Surg 2014; 32:205-11. [PMID: 24661060 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2013.3650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPcSmix) was used as the photosensitizer (PS) in this study to investigate the cell death patterns as a result of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in a breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) in vitro using a 680 nm diode laser at a fluence of 5 J/cm(2). BACKGROUND PDT is a noninvasive form of cancer therapy, successfully applied for the treatment of various cancer types. METHODS Flow cytometry using Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), a cell death immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and gene expression analysis following ZnPcSmix mediated PDT were performed to determine the induced cell death pathways. RESULTS The apoptotic cells abounded after the treatment, nuclear fragmentation was seen as oligonucleosomal degradation and increased expression of the B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), DNA fragmentation factor alpha (DFFA1), and caspase 2 (CASP2) genes, indicated that apoptosis is the main induced mode of cell death. CONCLUSIONS ZnPcSmix mediated PDT led to an apoptotic cell death pathway and the PS used showed its ability to stimulate and initiate programmed cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Mfouo-Tynga
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg , Doornfontein, South Africa
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ICAD deficiency in human colon cancer and predisposition to colon tumorigenesis: linkage to apoptosis resistance and genomic instability. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57871. [PMID: 23451280 PMCID: PMC3579889 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously showed that DNA fragmentation factor, which comprises a caspase-3-activated DNase (CAD) and its inhibitor (ICAD), may influence the rate of cell death by generating PARP-1-activating DNA breaks. Here we tested the hypothesis that ICAD-deficient colon epithelial cells exhibiting resistance to death stimuli may accumulate additional genetic modifications, leading to a tumorigenic phenotype. We show that ICAD deficiency may be associated with colon malignancy in humans. Indeed, an examination of ICAD expression using immunohistochemistry in an array of both colon cancer and normal tissues revealed that ICAD expression levels were severely compromised in the cancerous tissues. Upon DNA damage caused by a low dose of irradiation, ICAD cells acquire a tumorigenic phenotype. Colon epithelial cells derived from ICAD mice showed a significant resistance to death induced by the colon carcinogen dimethylhydrazine in vitro and in mice. Such resistance was associated with a decrease in PARP-1 activation. In an animal model of dimethylhydrazine-induced colon tumorigenesis, ICAD−/− mice developed significantly higher numbers of tumors with markedly larger sizes than the wild-type counterparts. Interestingly, the phenotype of the ICAD−/− mice was not associated with a significant increase in the precancerous aberrant crypt foci suggesting a potential link to tumor progression rather than initiation. More importantly, ICAD deficiency was associated with severe genomic instability as assessed by array comparative genomic hybridization. Such genomic instability consisted most prominently of amplifications but with sizable deletions as compared to the wild-type counterparts affecting several cancer-related genes including RAF-1, GSN, LMO3, and Fzd6 independently of p53. Altogether, our results present a viable case for the involvement of ICAD deficiency in colon carcinogenesis and show that apoptosis and genomic instability may comprise the means by which such deficiency may contribute to the process of increasing susceptibility to carcinogen-induced tumorigenesis.
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Yan B, Ouyang R, Huang C, Liu F, Neill D, Li C, Dewhirst M. Heat induces gene amplification in cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 427:473-7. [PMID: 22975353 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Accepted: 09/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperthermia plays an important role in cancer therapy. However, as with radiation, it can cause DNA damage and therefore genetic instability. We studied whether hyperthermia can induce gene amplification in cancer cells and explored potential underlying molecular mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS (1) Hyperthermia: HCT116 colon cancer cells received water-submerged heating treatment at 42 or 44°C for 30 min; (2) gene amplification assay using N-(phosphoacetyl)-L-aspartate (PALA) selection of cabamyl-P-synthetase, aspartate transcarbarmylase, dihydro-orotase (cad) gene amplified cells; (3) southern blotting for confirmation of increased cad gene copies in PALA-resistant cells; (4) γH2AX immunostaining to detect γH2AX foci as an indication for DNA double strand breaks. RESULTS (1) Heat exposure at 42 or 44°C for 30 min induces gene amplification. The frequency of cad gene amplification increased by 2.8 and 6.5 folds respectively; (2) heat exposure at both 42 and 44°C for 30 min induces DNA double strand breaks in HCT116 cells as shown by γH2AX immunostaining. CONCLUSION This study shows that heat exposure can induce gene amplification in cancer cells, likely through the generation of DNA double strand breaks, which are believed to be required for the initiation of gene amplification. This process may be promoted by heat when cellular proteins that are responsible for checkpoints, DNA replication, DNA repair and telomere functions are denatured. To our knowledge, this is the first study to provide direct evidence of hyperthermia induced gene amplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39213, USA.
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21
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Jong JE, Jeong KW, Shin H, Hwang LR, Lee D, Seo T. Human papillomavirus type 16 E6 protein inhibits DNA fragmentation via interaction with DNA fragmentation factor 40. Cancer Lett 2012; 324:109-17. [PMID: 22609799 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2012.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Revised: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 05/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The E6 oncoprotein of human papillomavirus (HPV) is critical in cervical cancer development. Using the yeast two-hybrid assay, we showed that HPV-16 E6 (16E6) interacts with one of the DNA fragmentation factors (DFFs), DFF40, which mediates DNA degradation during apoptosis. Furthermore, 16E6 interacts with DFF40 through its zinc finger motif 2 and a bridge section linking the two zinc finger motifs. DNA fragmentation assays disclosed that 16E6 binding to DFF40 leads to blockage of DNA cleavage. Our data collectively suggest that suppression of DNA fragmentation through 16E6-DFF40 interaction is a central event promoting tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Eun Jong
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 100-715, Republic of Korea
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22
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Fullwood MJ, Lee J, Lin L, Li G, Huss M, Ng P, Sung WK, Shenolikar S. Next-generation sequencing of apoptotic DNA breakpoints reveals association with actively transcribed genes and gene translocations. PLoS One 2011; 6:e26054. [PMID: 22087219 PMCID: PMC3210745 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0026054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2011] [Accepted: 09/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA fragmentation is a well-recognized hallmark of apoptosis. However, the precise DNA sequences cleaved during apoptosis triggered by distinct mechanisms remain unclear. We used next-generation sequencing of DNA fragments generated in Actinomycin D-treated human HL-60 leukemic cells to generate a high-throughput, global map of apoptotic DNA breakpoints. These data highlighted that DNA breaks are non-random and show a significant association with active genes and open chromatin regions. We noted that transcription factor binding sites were also enriched within a fraction of the apoptotic breakpoints. Interestingly, extensive apoptotic cleavage was noted within genes that are frequently translocated in human cancers. We speculate that the non-random fragmentation of DNA during apoptosis may contribute to gene translocations and the development of human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa J. Fullwood
- A*STAR-Duke-NUS Neuroscience Partnership, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joanne Lee
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lifang Lin
- A*STAR-Duke-NUS Neuroscience Partnership, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Guoliang Li
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | - Wing-Kin Sung
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shirish Shenolikar
- Signature Research Programs in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders and Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
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Payne CM, Crowley-Skillicorn C, Bernstein C, Holubec H, Bernstein H. Molecular and cellular pathways associated with chromosome 1p deletions during colon carcinogenesis. Clin Exp Gastroenterol 2011; 4:75-119. [PMID: 21753893 PMCID: PMC3132853 DOI: 10.2147/ceg.s17114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal instability is a major pathway of sporadic colon carcinogenesis. Chromosome arm 1p appears to be one of the "hot spots" in the non-neoplastic mucosa that, when deleted, is associated with the initiation of carcinogenesis. Chromosome arm 1p contains genes associated with DNA repair, spindle checkpoint function, apoptosis, multiple microRNAs, the Wnt signaling pathway, tumor suppression, antioxidant activities, and defense against environmental toxins. Loss of 1p is dangerous since it would likely contribute to genomic instability leading to tumorigenesis. The 1p deletion-associated colon carcinogenesis pathways are reviewed at the molecular and cellular levels. Sporadic colon cancer is strongly linked to a high-fat/low-vegetable/low-micronutrient, Western-style diet. We also consider how selected dietary-related compounds (eg, excess hydrophobic bile acids, and low levels of folic acid, niacin, plant-derived antioxidants, and other modulatory compounds) might affect processes leading to chromosomal deletions, and to the molecular and cellular pathways specifically altered by chromosome 1p loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire M Payne
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Arizona Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | - Carol Bernstein
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Arizona Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Hana Holubec
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Arizona Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Harris Bernstein
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Arizona Tucson, AZ, USA
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24
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Fluoride-induced apoptosis and gene expression profiling in mice sperm in vivo. Arch Toxicol 2011; 85:1441-52. [PMID: 21340527 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-011-0672-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2010] [Accepted: 02/08/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to fluoride can induce low sperm quality; however, little is known about the molecular mechanisms by which fluoride exerts its toxic effects. This study was conducted to evaluate ultrastructure, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in sperm of mice treated with 150 mg/l NaF for 49 days. Furthermore, microarray analysis was also utilized to characterize the effects of fluoride in gene expression profiling on mice sperm. An increased ROS and a decreased TAC accompanied with distinct morphological changes and significant apoptosis were observed in mice sperm from the fluoride group. Fluoride exposure also significantly elevated the protein expressions of cytochrome c and active caspase-3. In global gene expression profiling, 34 up-regulated and 63 down-regulated genes, which are involved in several sperm biological processes including signal transduction, oxidative stress, apoptosis, electron transport, glycolysis, chemotaxis, spermatogenesis, and sperm capacitation, were significantly differentially expressed. Based on these findings, it was proposed that oxidative stress induced by excessive ROS may trigger sperm apoptosis through mitochondrial impairment, resulting in decreased fertility in mice exposed to fluoride. Microarray analysis also provided several important biological clues for further investigating fluoride-induced damage in sperm morphology and functions.
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25
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Differential cytotoxicity and sonosensitization by sanazole: effect of cell type and acoustic parameters. J Med Ultrason (2001) 2011; 38:65-72. [DOI: 10.1007/s10396-010-0295-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2010] [Accepted: 11/05/2010] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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26
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Sabarinathan D, Vanisree AJ. Naringenin, a flavanone alters the tumorigenic features of C6 glioma cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bionut.2010.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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27
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Sabarinathan D, Vanisree AJ. WITHDRAWN: Naringenin, a flavanone alters the tumorigenic features of C6 glioma cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2010:S0753-3322(10)00123-X. [PMID: 21177065 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2010.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2010] [Accepted: 06/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The Publisher regrets that this article is an accidental duplication of an article that has already been published, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bionut.2010.06.001. The duplicate article has therefore been withdrawn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devan Sabarinathan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, Tamilnadu, India
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28
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Holmgren L. Horizontal gene transfer: you are what you eat. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 396:147-51. [PMID: 20494129 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2010] [Accepted: 04/03/2010] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Horizontal or lateral gene transfer is an effective mechanism for the exchange of genetic information in bacteria allowing bacterial diversification and facilitating adaptation to new environments. Recent data demonstrate that DNA may also be transferred between somatic cells via the uptake of apoptotic bodies. This process allows transfer of viral genes that have been incorporated into the genome in a receptor-independent fashion. Transferred DNA is replicated and propagated in daughter cells in cell that have an inactivated DNA response which may impact tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Holmgren
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet Stockholm, R8:03 CCK, Karolinska Hospital, SE 17176 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Abstract
Genetic instability is a hallmark of human cancers. It is the driving force for tumor development as it facilitates the accumulation of mutations in genes that regulate cell death and proliferation and therefore promotes malignant transformation. Chronic inflammation is a common underlying condition for human tumor development, accounting for approximately 20% of human cancers. TNFalpha is an important inflammation cytokine and is crucial to the development of inflammation-associated cancers. We have shown that TNFalpha can cause DNA damages through reactive oxygen species (ROS). TNFalpha treatment in cultured cells resulted in increased gene mutations, gene amplification, micronuclei formation and chromosomal instability. Antioxidants significantly reduced TNFalpha-induced genetic damage. In addition, TNFalpha treatment alone led to increased malignant transformation of mouse embryo fibroblasts, which could be partially suppressed by antioxidants. Therefore, genetic instability plays an important role in inflammation-associated cancers.
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31
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Yan B, Wang H, Xie D, Wakamatsu N, Anscher MS, Dewhirst MW, Mitchel REJ, Chen BJ, Li CY. Increased skin carcinogenesis in caspase-activated DNase knockout mice. Carcinogenesis 2009; 30:1776-80. [PMID: 19541853 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgp146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Caspase-activated DNase (CAD), also called DNA fragmentation factor (DFF), is the enzyme responsible for DNA fragmentation during apoptosis, a hallmark of programmed cell death. CAD/DFF has been shown to suppress radiation-induced carcinogenesis by preventing genomic instability in cells. In this study, we have investigated the role of CAD in chemical carcinogenesis using CAD-null mice and two-stage model of skin carcinogenesis. After topical treatment of mouse skin with dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) as an initiator and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) as a promoting agent, there was a 4-fold increase in the number of papillomas per mouse and 50.8% increase in the incidence of papilloma formation in the CAD knockout mice compared with wild-type littermates. The papillomas in CAD-null mice grew faster and reached larger sizes. These data indicate that loss of CAD function enhances tumorigenesis induced by a chemical carcinogen in the DMBA/TPA two-stage model of skin carcinogenesis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
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32
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Castro MAA, Dalmolin RJS, Moreira JCF, Mombach JCM, de Almeida RMC. Evolutionary origins of human apoptosis and genome-stability gene networks. Nucleic Acids Res 2008; 36:6269-83. [PMID: 18832373 PMCID: PMC2577361 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkn636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis is essential for complex multicellular organisms and its failure is associated with genome instability and cancer. Interactions between apoptosis and genome-maintenance mechanisms have been extensively documented and include transactivation-independent and -dependent functions, in which the tumor-suppressor protein p53 works as a 'molecular node' in the DNA-damage response. Although apoptosis and genome stability have been identified as ancient pathways in eukaryote phylogeny, the biological evolution underlying the emergence of an integrated system remains largely unknown. Here, using computational methods, we reconstruct the evolutionary scenario that linked apoptosis with genome stability pathways in a functional human gene/protein association network. We found that the entanglement of DNA repair, chromosome stability and apoptosis gene networks appears with the caspase gene family and the antiapoptotic gene BCL2. Also, several critical nodes that entangle apoptosis and genome stability are cancer genes (e.g. ATM, BRCA1, BRCA2, MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 and TP53), although their orthologs have arisen in different points of evolution. Our results demonstrate how genome stability and apoptosis were co-opted during evolution recruiting genes that merge both systems. We also provide several examples to exploit this evolutionary platform, where we have judiciously extended information on gene essentiality inferred from model organisms to human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro A A Castro
- Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2600-anexo, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil.
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33
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Affiliation(s)
- V. A. Kordium
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
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34
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Yan B, Wang H, Rabbani ZN, Zhao Y, Li W, Yuan Y, Li F, Dewhirst MW, Li CY. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha is a potent endogenous mutagen that promotes cellular transformation. Cancer Res 2007; 66:11565-70. [PMID: 17178846 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-06-2540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is an important inflammation cytokine without known direct effect on DNA. In this study, we found that TNF-alpha can cause DNA damages through reactive oxygen species. The mutagenic effect of TNF-alpha is comparable with that of ionizing radiation. TNF-alpha treatment in cultured cells resulted in increased gene mutations, gene amplification, micronuclei formation, and chromosomal instability. Antioxidants significantly reduced TNF-alpha-induced genetic damage. TNF-alpha also induced oxidative stress and nucleotide damages in mouse tissues in vivo. Moreover, TNF-alpha treatment alone led to increased malignant transformation of mouse embryo fibroblasts, which could be partially suppressed by antioxidants. As TNF-alpha is involved in chronic inflammatory diseases, such as chronic hepatitis, ulcerative colitis, and chronic skin ulcers, and these diseases predispose the patients to cancer development, our results suggest a novel pathway through which TNF-alpha promotes cancer development through induction of gene mutations, in addition to the previously reported mechanisms, in which nuclear factor-kappaB activation was implicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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35
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Su LJ, Ding GW, Yang ZL, Zhang SB, Yang YX, Xu CS. Expression patterns and action analysis of genes associated with hepatitis virus infection during rat liver regeneration. World J Gastroenterol 2006; 12:7626-34. [PMID: 17171791 PMCID: PMC4088044 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v12.i47.7626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To study the action of hepatitis virus infection-associated genes at transcription level during liver regeneration (LR).
METHODS: Hepatitis virus infection-associated genes were obtained by collecting the data from databases and retrieving the correlated articles, and their expression changes in the regenerating rat liver were detected with the rat genome 230 2.0 array.
RESULTS: Eighty-eight genes were found to be associated with liver regeneration. The number of genes initially and totally expressed during initial LR [0.5-4 h after partial hepatectomy (PH)], transition from G0 to G1 (4-6 h after PH), cell proliferation (6-66 h after PH), cell differentiation and reorganization of structure-function (66-168 h after PH) was 37, 8, 48, 3 and 37, 26, 80, 57, respectively, indicating that the genes were mainly triggered at the early stage of LR (0.5-4 h after PH), and worked at different phases. These genes were classified into 5 types according to their expression similarity, namely 37 up-regulated, 9 predominantly up-regulated, 34 down-regulated, 6 predominantly down-regulated and 2 up/down-regulated genes. Their total up- and down-regulation frequencies were 359 and 149 during LR, indicating that the expression of most genes was enhanced, while the expression of a small number of genes was attenuated during LR. According to time relevance, they were classified into 12 groups (0.5 and 1 h, 2 and 4 h, 6 h, 8 and 12 h, 16 and 96 h, 18 and 24 h, 30 and 42 h, 36 and 48 h, 54 and 60 h, 66 and 72 h, 120 and 144 h, 168 h), demonstrating that the cellular physiological and biochemical activities during LR were fluctuated. According to expression changes of the genes, their expression patterns were classified into 23 types, suggesting that the cellular physiological and biochemical activities during LR were diverse and complicated.
CONCLUSION: The anti-virus infection capacity of regenerating liver can be enhanced and 88 genes play an important role in LR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Juan Su
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 260003, Shandong Province, China
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Yan B, Wang H, Li F, Li CY. Regulation of mammalian horizontal gene transfer by apoptotic DNA fragmentation. Br J Cancer 2006; 95:1696-700. [PMID: 17146478 PMCID: PMC2360754 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6603484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously it was shown that horizontal DNA transfer between mammalian cells can occur through the uptake of apoptotic bodies, where genes from the apoptotic cells were transferred to neighbouring cells phagocytosing the apoptotic bodies. The regulation of this process is poorly understood. It was shown that the ability of cells as recipient of horizontally transferred DNA was enhanced by deficiency of p53 or p21. However, little is known with regard to the regulation of DNA from donor apoptotic cells. Here we report that the DNA fragmentation factor/caspase-activated DNase (DFF/CAD), which is the endonuclease responsible for DNA fragmentation during apoptosis, plays a significant role in regulation of horizontal DNA transfer. Cells with inhibited DFF/CAD function are poor donors for horizontal gene transfer (HGT) while their ability of being recipients of HGT is not affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Yan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - H Wang
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - F Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - C-Y Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- E-mail:
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37
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Hockenbery
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Division of Clinical Research and Human Biology, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, C3-168, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA.
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Yan B, Wang H, Wang H, Zhuo D, Li F, Kon T, Dewhirst M, Li CY. Apoptotic DNA fragmentation factor maintains chromosome stability in a P53-independent manner. Oncogene 2006; 25:5370-6. [PMID: 16619042 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1209535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
DNA fragmentation factor (DFF)/caspase-activated DNase (CAD) is responsible for DNA fragmentation, a hallmark event during apoptosis. Although DNA fragmentation is an evolutionarily conserved process across species, its biological function is not clearly understood. In this study, we constructed cell lines expressing a mutant ICAD (inhibitor of CAD) protein that is resistant to caspase cleavage and therefore constantly binds to DFF/CAD and inhibits DNA fragmentation. We found that irradiation of these cells led to increased chromosome aberrations and aneuploidy when compared with their parental controls. The increased chromosome instability is observed irrespective of cellular P53 status, suggesting that the effect of DFF/CAD is independent of P53. Inhibition of apoptotic DNA fragmentation resulted in increased clonogenic survival of irradiated cells and a delay in removal of cells with DNA damages induced by radiation, an effect similar to that in cells with p53 mutations. Consistent with DFF/CAD's effect on clonogenic survival, tumors established from cells deficient in DNA fragmentation showed enhanced growth in nude mice. Therefore, our results suggest that DFF/CAD plays an important and P53-independent role in maintaining chromosome stability and suppressing tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Yan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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