1
|
Feng J, Huang Z, Lu J, Chan L, Feng X, Lei L, Huang Z, Lin L, Yao Y, Zhang X. Loss of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 in osteoblasts impaired the bone healing in inflammatory microenvironment. Mol Oral Microbiol 2024; 39:136-151. [PMID: 37347649 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to investigate the effect of Stat3 on the osteoblast-mediated bone healing in the inflammatory lesion. METHODS The conditional knockout of Stat3 in osteoblasts (Stat3 CKO) was generated via the Cre-loxP recombination system using Osterix-Cre transgenic mice. The calvarial bone inflammatory lesions were established on both Stat3 CKO and wild-type mice, then harvested to assess the bone healing. In response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation, osteoblasts from Stat3 CKO and wild-type mice were subjected to examine the formation of calcium deposits, the expression of osteogenic markers (i.e., Runx2, OPN, COL1A1), and osteoclast-related markers (i.e., RANKL, OPG). The EdU and transwell assays were performed to assess the proliferation and migration of the cells. RESULTS A decrease in bone mass and an increase in osteolysis were found in the inflammatory lesions on Stat3 CKO mice when compared with the control. More osteoclastic-like cells and an increased expression of RANKL were observed in Stat3 CKO mice. Both mRNA and protein expressions of Stat3 and osteogenic markers in the lesions were significantly decreased in Stat3 CKO mice. After co-cultured with osteogenic medium, the Stat3-deficient osteoblasts were found with a significant decrease in calcium deposits and the expression of osteogenic markers, and with a significant increased expression of RANKL. The impaired ossification of Stat3-deficient osteoblasts was even more pronounced with the presence of lipopolysaccharides in vitro. The most decrease in cell proliferation and migration was found in Stat3-deficient osteoblasts in response to LPS. CONCLUSIONS Loss of Stat3 in osteoblasts impaired bone healing in an inflammatory microenvironment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Feng
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Zijing Huang
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Jiarui Lu
- Department of Stomatology, the Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Laiting Chan
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Xin Feng
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Lizhen Lei
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Zhuwei Huang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Lichieh Lin
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Yichen Yao
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, the Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Janjua D, Thakur K, Aggarwal N, Chaudhary A, Yadav J, Chhokar A, Tripathi T, Joshi U, Senrung A, Bharti AC. Prognostic and therapeutic potential of STAT3: Opportunities and challenges in targeting HPV-mediated cervical carcinogenesis. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2024; 197:104346. [PMID: 38608913 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer (CaCx) ranks as the fourth most prevalent cancer among women globally. Persistent infection of high-risk human papillomaviruses (HR-HPVs) is major etiological factor associated with CaCx. Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3), a prominent member of the STAT family, has emerged as independent oncogenic driver. It is a target of many oncogenic viruses including HPV. How STAT3 influences HPV viral gene expression or gets affected by HPV is an area of active investigation. A better understanding of host-virus interaction will provide a prognostic and therapeutic window for CaCx control and management. In this comprehensive review, we delve into carcinogenic role of STAT3 in development of HPV-induced CaCx. With an emphasis on fascinating interplay between STAT3 and HPV genome, the review explores the diverse array of opportunities and challenges associated with this field to harness the prognostic and therapeutic potential of STAT3 in CaCx.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Divya Janjua
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi (North Campus), New Delhi, India
| | - Kulbhushan Thakur
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi (North Campus), New Delhi, India
| | - Nikita Aggarwal
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi (North Campus), New Delhi, India
| | - Apoorva Chaudhary
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi (North Campus), New Delhi, India
| | - Joni Yadav
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi (North Campus), New Delhi, India
| | - Arun Chhokar
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi (North Campus), New Delhi, India; Department of Zoology, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Tanya Tripathi
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi (North Campus), New Delhi, India
| | - Udit Joshi
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi (North Campus), New Delhi, India
| | - Anna Senrung
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi (North Campus), New Delhi, India; Department of Zoology, Daulat Ram College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Alok Chandra Bharti
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi (North Campus), New Delhi, India.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Guo Q, Jin Y, Chen X, Ye X, Shen X, Lin M, Zeng C, Zhou T, Zhang J. NF-κB in biology and targeted therapy: new insights and translational implications. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:53. [PMID: 38433280 PMCID: PMC10910037 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01757-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
NF-κB signaling has been discovered for nearly 40 years. Initially, NF-κB signaling was identified as a pivotal pathway in mediating inflammatory responses. However, with extensive and in-depth investigations, researchers have discovered that its role can be expanded to a variety of signaling mechanisms, biological processes, human diseases, and treatment options. In this review, we first scrutinize the research process of NF-κB signaling, and summarize the composition, activation, and regulatory mechanism of NF-κB signaling. We investigate the interaction of NF-κB signaling with other important pathways, including PI3K/AKT, MAPK, JAK-STAT, TGF-β, Wnt, Notch, Hedgehog, and TLR signaling. The physiological and pathological states of NF-κB signaling, as well as its intricate involvement in inflammation, immune regulation, and tumor microenvironment, are also explicated. Additionally, we illustrate how NF-κB signaling is involved in a variety of human diseases, including cancers, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic diseases, neurological diseases, and COVID-19. Further, we discuss the therapeutic approaches targeting NF-κB signaling, including IKK inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies, proteasome inhibitors, nuclear translocation inhibitors, DNA binding inhibitors, TKIs, non-coding RNAs, immunotherapy, and CAR-T. Finally, we provide an outlook for research in the field of NF-κB signaling. We hope to present a stereoscopic, comprehensive NF-κB signaling that will inform future research and clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Guo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270, Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yizi Jin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270, Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med-X Stem Cell Research Center, Shanghai Cancer Institute & Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, PR China
| | - Xiaomin Ye
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xin Shen
- Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingxi Lin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270, Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Zeng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270, Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Teng Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270, Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270, Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tisseverasinghe S, Bahoric B, Anidjar M, Probst S, Niazi T. Advances in PARP Inhibitors for Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15061849. [PMID: 36980735 PMCID: PMC10046616 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly-adenosine diphosphate-ribose polymerase plays an essential role in cell function by regulating apoptosis, genomic stability and DNA repair. PARPi is a promising drug class that has gained significant traction in the last decade with good outcomes in different cancers. Several trials have sought to test its effectiveness in metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). We conducted a comprehensive literature review to evaluate the current role of PARPi in this setting. To this effect, we conducted queries in the PubMed, Embase and Cochrane databases. We reviewed and compared all major contemporary publications on the topic. In particular, recent phase II and III studies have also demonstrated the benefits of olaparib, rucaparib, niraparib, talazoparib in CRPC. Drug effectiveness has been assessed through radiological progression or overall response. Given the notion of synthetic lethality and potential synergy with other oncological therapies, several trials are looking to integrate PARPi in combined therapies. There remains ongoing controversy on the need for genetic screening prior to treatment initiation as well as the optimal patient population, which would benefit most from PARPi. PARPi is an important asset in the oncological arsenal for mCRPC. New combinations with PARPi may improve outcomes in earlier phases of prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Boris Bahoric
- Department of Radiation Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Maurice Anidjar
- Department of Urology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Stephan Probst
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Tamim Niazi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Barrier ML, Myszor IT, Sahariah P, Sigurdsson S, Carmena-Bargueño M, Pérez-Sánchez H, Gudmundsson GH. Aroylated phenylenediamine HO53 modulates innate immunity, histone acetylation and metabolism. Mol Immunol 2023; 155:153-164. [PMID: 36812763 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2023.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
In the current context of antibiotic resistance, the need to find alternative treatment strategies is urgent. Our research aimed to use synthetized aroylated phenylenediamines (APDs) to induce the expression of cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide gene (CAMP) to minimize the necessity of antibiotic use during infection. One of these compounds, HO53, showed promising results in inducing CAMP expression in bronchial epithelium cells (BCi-NS1.1 hereafter BCi). Thus, to decipher the cellular effects of HO53 on BCi cells, we performed RNA sequencing (RNAseq) analysis after 4, 8 and 24 h treatment of HO53. The number of differentially expressed transcripts pointed out an epigenetic modulation. Yet, the chemical structure and in silico modeling indicated HO53 as a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor. When exposed to a histone acetyl transferase (HAT) inhibitor, BCi cells showed a decreased expression of CAMP. Inversely, when treated with a specific HDAC3 inhibitor (RGFP996), BCi cells showed an increased expression of CAMP, indicating acetylation status in cells as determinant for the induction of the expression of the gene CAMP expression. Interestingly, a combination treatment with both HO53 and HDAC3 inhibitor RGFP966 leads to a further increase of CAMP expression. Moreover, HDAC3 inhibition by RGFP966 leads to increased expression of STAT3 and HIF1A, both previously demonstrated to be involved in pathways regulating CAMP expression. Importantly, HIF1α is considered as a master regulator in metabolism. A significant number of genes of metabolic enzymes were detected in our RNAseq data with enhanced expression conveying a shift toward enhanced glycolysis. Overall, we are demonstrating that HO53 might have a translational value against infections in the future through a mechanism leading to innate immunity strengthening involving HDAC inhibition and shifting the cells towards an immunometabolism, which further favors innate immunity activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marjorie Laurence Barrier
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biomedical Center, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Iwona Teresa Myszor
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biomedical Center, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Priyanka Sahariah
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biomedical Center, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Snaevar Sigurdsson
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biomedical Center, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Miguel Carmena-Bargueño
- Structural Bioinformatics and High Performance Computing Research Group (BIO-HPC), UCAM Universidad Católica de Murcia, Guadalupe, Spain
| | - Horacio Pérez-Sánchez
- Structural Bioinformatics and High Performance Computing Research Group (BIO-HPC), UCAM Universidad Católica de Murcia, Guadalupe, Spain
| | - Gudmundur Hrafn Gudmundsson
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biomedical Center, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bernal GM, Wu L, Voce DJ, Weichselbaum RR, Yamini B. p52 signaling promotes cellular senescence. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:43. [PMID: 35379326 PMCID: PMC8981737 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00779-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nuclear factor-κB is a multi-subunit transcription factor that plays a central role in cellular senescence. We previously reported that an increase in the p52 subunit is seen in senescent cells and aged tissue. In the current work, we examined the mechanism by which p52 is activated and whether the increase in p52 promotes senescence. Results Using both primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) and WI-38 human lung fibroblasts, we examined cells after serial passage and following prolonged culture. An increase in p52 was found in the nucleus relative to pre-senescent cells. The increase in p52 protein was not reflected by an increase in NFKB2 mRNA or by an increase in the abundance of upstream activating kinases, IKKα and NIK. To examine whether p52 promotes senescence, we over-expressed mature p52 in primary MEFs. Significantly more senescence was seen compared to control, a finding not seen with p52 mutated at critical DNA binding residues. In addition, blocking p52 nuclear translocation with the peptide inhibitor, SN52, decreased β-galactosidase (β-gal) formation. Subsequent filtration studies demonstrated that proteins in conditioned media (CM) were necessary for the increase in p52 and mass spectrometry identified S100A4 and cyclophilin A (CYPA) as potential factors in CM necessary for induction of p52. The requirement of these proteins in CM for induction of p52 was confirmed using depletion and supplementation studies. In addition, we found that activation of STAT3 signaling was required for the increase in p52. Finally, genome wide ChIP-sequencing analysis confirmed that there is an increase in p52 chromatin enrichment with senescence and identified several downstream factors whose expression is regulated by increased p52 binding. Conclusions These results demonstrate that p52 nuclear translocation is increased in senescent cells by factors in conditioned media and that mature p52 induces cellular senescence. The data are consistent with the prior observation that p52 is elevated in aged tissue and support the hypothesis that p52 contributes to organismal aging. Supplementary information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13578-022-00779-6.
Collapse
|
7
|
Shen T, Miao S, Zhou Y, Yi X, Xue S, Du B, Tang C, Qu L, Fu D, Jia R, He H. Exosomal AP000439.2 from clear cell renal cell carcinoma induces M2 macrophage polarization to promote tumor progression through activation of STAT3. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:152. [PMID: 36153596 PMCID: PMC9509597 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-00957-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tumorigenic phenotype of M2 tumor-associated macrophages promote tumor progression in response to exosomes cues imposed by tumor cells. However, the effect and underlying mechanisms of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC)-derived exosomes (ccRCC-exo) on instructing macrophages phenotype remains unclear. Methods Macrophages were cocultured with ccRCC-exo and then evaluate the polarization of macrophages and migration of ccRCC cells. The effect and mechanism of lncRNA AP000439.2 overexpressed or deleted exosomes on macrophages M2 polarization were examined. Xenograft tumor mice model was used for in vivo validation. Results The ccRCC-exo significantly activated macrophages to M2 phenotype presented by increased expression of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) and interleukin 10 (IL-10) at mRNA and protein levels, and these M2 macrophages in turn facilitating the migration of ccRCC cells. LncRNA AP000439.2 was highly enriched in the ccRCC-exo. Overexpression of exosomal AP000439.2 promoted M2 macrophage polarization whereas AP000439.2-deficient exosome had the opposite effects. Nuclear-localized AP000439.2 directly interacted with signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) proteins and phosphorylated STAT3 in macrophages. RNA-Seq results showed overexpression of AP000439.2 activated NF-κB signaling pathway. Silencing of STAT3 suppressed overexpression of AP000439.2-induced up-regulation of TGF-β and IL-10 expression, and p65 phosphorylation. AP000439.2-deleted exosome inhibited tumor growth in vivo. Conclusion Exosomes from ccRCC deliver AP000439.2 to promote M2 macrophage polarization via STAT3, thus enhancing ccRCC progression, indicating exosomal AP000439.2 might be a novel therapeutic target in ccRCC. Video Abstract
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12964-022-00957-6.
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang L, Nesvick CL, Day CA, Choi J, Lu VM, Peterson T, Power EA, Anderson JB, Hamdan FH, Decker PA, Simons R, Welby JP, Siada R, Ge J, Kaptzan T, Johnsen SA, Hinchcliffe EH, Daniels DJ. STAT3 is a biologically relevant therapeutic target in H3K27M-mutant diffuse midline glioma. Neuro Oncol 2022; 24:1700-1711. [PMID: 35397475 PMCID: PMC9527528 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noac093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background H3K27M-mutant diffuse midline glioma (DMG) is a lethal brain tumor that usually occurs in children. Despite advances in our understanding of its underlying biology, efficacious therapies are severely lacking. Methods We screened a library of drugs either FDA-approved or in clinical trial using a library of patient-derived H3K27M-mutant DMG cell lines with cell viability as the outcome. Results were validated for clinical relevance and mechanistic importance using patient specimens from biopsy and autopsy, patient-derived cell lines, inhibition by gene knockdown and small molecule inhibitors, and patient-derived xenografts. Results Kinase inhibitors were highly toxic to H3K27M-mutant DMG cells. Within this class, STAT3 inhibitors demonstrated robust cytotoxic activity in vitro. Mechanistic analyses revealed one form of activated STAT3, phospho-tyrosine- 705 STAT3 (pSTAT3), was selectively upregulated in H3K27M-mutant cell lines and clinical specimens. STAT3 inhibition by CRISPR/Cas9 knockout, shRNA or small molecule inhibition reduced cell viability in vitro, and partially restored expression of the polycomb repressive mark H3K27me3, which is classically lost in H3K27M-mutant DMG. Putative STAT3-regulated genes were enriched in an H3K27M-knockout DMG cell line, indicating relative gain of STAT3 signaling in K27M-mutant cells. Treatment of patient-derived intracranial xenografts with WP1066, a STAT3 pathway inhibitor currently in clinical use for pediatric brain tumors, resulted in stasis of tumor growth, and increased overall survival. Finally, pSTAT3(Y705) was detected in circulating plasma extracellular vesicles of patients with H3K27M-mutant DMG. Conclusions STAT3 is a biologically relevant therapeutic target in H3K27M-mutant DMG. STAT3 inhibition should be considered in future clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhang
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Cody L Nesvick
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Charlie A Day
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jonghoon Choi
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Victor M Lu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Timothy Peterson
- Department of Cardiac Regeneration Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Jacob B Anderson
- Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Feda H Hamdan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Paul A Decker
- Department of Biostatistics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Renae Simons
- Campbell University Jerry M. Wallace School of Osteopathic Medicine
| | - John P Welby
- Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ruby Siada
- Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jizhi Ge
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Tatiana Kaptzan
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Steven A Johnsen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.,Robert Bosch Center for Tumor Diseases, Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | - David J Daniels
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.,Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Program
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sergio CM, Rolando CA. Erythropoietin regulates signaling pathways associated with neuroprotective events. Exp Brain Res 2022; 240:1303-1315. [PMID: 35234993 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-022-06331-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Erythropoietin is a cytokine that binds to the Erythropoietin receptor and regulates the formation of erythroid cells during erythropoiesis in the bone marrow. However, many other organs and tissues express Erythropoietin and its receptor, such as the Nervous System, which principally regulates tissue protection. In the Central Nervous System, Erythropoietin is principally expressed by astrocytes, while neurons mainly express Erythropoietin receptors. Moreover, Erythropoietin acts as a pleiotropic molecule with neuroprotective effects, and its mechanisms of signal transduction pathways are defined, and there is a growing interest in its therapeutic potential. This review focuses on the role of Erythropoietin and its relationship with HIF1, PI3/Akt, GSK3B, JAK/STAT, and MAPKs signaling pathways that leads to cell survival after injury in the Central Nervous System. Knowledge of these signaling systems comprehensively could better guide EPO treatment to restoring different SNC alterations mediated by different insults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cornelio-Martínez Sergio
- Universidad del Valle de México, Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud, Campus Zapopan, Zapopan, Mexico
| | - Castañeda-Arellano Rolando
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Centro de Investigación Multidisciplinario en Salud, Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Tonalá, Universidad de Guadalajara, Av. Nuevo Periférico No. 555, 45425, Tonalá, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Jiang N, Liao Y, Wang M, Wang Y, Wang K, Guo J, Wu P, Zhong B, Guo T, Wu C. BUB1 drives the occurrence and development of bladder cancer by mediating the STAT3 signaling pathway. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2021; 40:378. [PMID: 34852826 PMCID: PMC8638147 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-02179-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The incidence of bladder urothelial carcinoma (UC), a common malignancy of the urinary tract, is approximately three times higher in men than in women. High expression of the mitotic kinase BUB1 is associated with the occurrence and development of several cancers, although the relationship between BUB1 and bladder tumorigenesis remains unclear. Methods Using a microarray approach, we found increased BUB1 expression in human BCa. The association between BUB1 and STAT3 phosphorylation was determined through molecular and cell biological methods. We evaluated the impact of pharmacologic inhibition of BUB1 kinase activity on proliferation and BCa progression in vitro and in vivo. Results In this study, we found that BUB1 expression was increased in human bladder cancer (BCa). We further identified through a series of molecular and cell biological approaches that BUB1 interacted directly with STAT3 and mediated the phosphorylation of STAT3 at Ser727. In addition, the findings that pharmacologic inhibition of BUB1 kinase activity significantly suppressed BCa cell proliferation and the progression of bladder cancer in vitro and in vivo were further verified. Finally, we found that the BUB1/STAT3 complex promoted the transcription of STAT3 target genes and that depletion of BUB1 and mutation of the BUB1 kinase domain abrogated this transcriptional activity, further highlighting the critical role of kinase activity in the activation of STAT3 target genes. A pharmacological inhibitor of BUB1 (2OH-BNPP1) was able to significantly inhibit the growth of BCa cell xenografts. Conclusion This study showed that the BUB1 kinase drives the progression and proliferation of BCa by regulating the transcriptional activation of STAT3 signaling and may be an attractive candidate for therapeutic targeting in BCa. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13046-021-02179-z.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Jiang
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, China.
| | - Yihao Liao
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Miaomiao Wang
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Youzhi Wang
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Keke Wang
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Jianing Guo
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Peikang Wu
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Boqiang Zhong
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Tao Guo
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Changli Wu
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, China.,Sino-Singapore Eco-City Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300450, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Maylin ZR, Nicolescu RC, Pandha H, Asim M. Breaking androgen receptor addiction of prostate cancer by targeting different functional domains in the treatment of advanced disease. Transl Oncol 2021; 14:101115. [PMID: 33993099 PMCID: PMC8138777 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, treatment for castration-resistant prostate cancer has changed markedly, impacting symptom control and longevity for patients. However, a large proportion of cases progress despite androgen deprivation therapy and chemotherapy, while still being fit enough for several more lines of treatment. Overstimulation of the androgen receptor (AR) activity is the main driver of this cancer. Targeting biological functions of the AR or its co-regulators has proven very effective in this disease and led to the development of several highly effective drugs targeting the AR signalling axis. Drugs such as enzalutamide demonstrated that the improvement in anti-tumour efficacy is closely correlated with an affinity for the AR and its activity and have established the paradigm that AR remains activity in aggressive disease. However, as importantly, key insights into mechanisms of resistance are guiding the development of the next generation of AR-targeted drugs. This review outlines the historical development of these highly specific agents, their mechanism of action in the context of defective AR activity, and explores the potential for the upcoming next-generation AR inhibitors (ARI) for prostate cancer by targeting the alternative domains of AR, rather than by the conventional ligand-binding domain approach. There is huge potential in these approaches to develop new drugs with high clinical activity and further improve the outlook for patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zoe R Maylin
- Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, University of Surrey, UK
| | | | - Hardev Pandha
- Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, University of Surrey, UK
| | - Mohammad Asim
- Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine, University of Surrey, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Jin J, Li Y, Zhao Q, Chen Y, Fu S, Wu J. Coordinated regulation of immune contexture: crosstalk between STAT3 and immune cells during breast cancer progression. Cell Commun Signal 2021; 19:50. [PMID: 33957948 PMCID: PMC8101191 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-021-00705-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent insights into the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying cancer development have revealed the tumor microenvironment (TME) immune cells to functionally affect the development and progression of breast cancer. However, insufficient evidence of TME immune modulators limit the clinical application of immunotherapy for advanced and metastatic breast cancers. Intercellular STAT3 activation of immune cells plays a central role in breast cancer TME immunosuppression and distant metastasis. Accumulating evidence suggests that targeting STAT3 and/or in combination with radiotherapy may enhance anti-cancer immune responses and rescue the systemic immunologic microenvironment in breast cancer. Indeed, apart from its oncogenic role in tumor cells, the functions of STAT3 in TME of breast cancer involve multiple types of immunosuppression and is associated with tumor cell metastasis. In this review, we summarize the available information on the functions of STAT3-related immune cells in TME of breast cancer, as well as the specific upstream and downstream targets. Additionally, we provide insights about the potential immunosuppression mechanisms of each type of evaluated immune cells. Video abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jin
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qijie Zhao
- Department of Radiologic Technology, Center of Excellence for Molecular Imaging (CEMI), Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.,Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaozhi Fu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
| | - JingBo Wu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China. .,Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China. .,Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sanpaolo ER, Rotondo C, Cici D, Corrado A, Cantatore FP. JAK/STAT pathway and molecular mechanism in bone remodeling. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:9087-9096. [PMID: 33099760 PMCID: PMC7674338 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05910-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
JAK/STAT signaling pathway is involved in many diseases, including autoimmune diseases, which are characterized by a close interconnection between immune and bone system. JAK/STAT pathway is involved in bone homeostasis and plays an important role in proliferation and differentiation of some cell types, including osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Different molecules, such as cytokines, hormones, and growth factors are responsible for the activation of the JAK/STAT pathway, which leads, at the nuclear level, to start DNA transcription of target genes. Bone cells and remodeling process are often influenced by many cytokines, which act as strong stimulators of bone formation and resorption. Our aim, through careful research in literature, has been to provide an overview of the role of the JAK/STAT pathway in bone remodeling and on bone cells, with a focus on cytokines involved in bone turnover through this signal cascade. The JAK/STAT pathway, through the signal cascade activation mediated by the interaction with many cytokines, acts on bone cells and appears to be involved in bone remodeling process. However, many other studies are needed to completely understand the molecular mechanism underlying these bone process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eliana Rita Sanpaolo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Rheumatology Clinic, University of Foggia Medical School, Foggia, Italy.
| | - Cinzia Rotondo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Rheumatology Clinic, University of Foggia Medical School, Foggia, Italy
| | - Daniela Cici
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Rheumatology Clinic, University of Foggia Medical School, Foggia, Italy
| | - Ada Corrado
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Rheumatology Clinic, University of Foggia Medical School, Foggia, Italy
| | - Francesco Paolo Cantatore
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Rheumatology Clinic, University of Foggia Medical School, Foggia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zou S, Tong Q, Liu B, Huang W, Tian Y, Fu X. Targeting STAT3 in Cancer Immunotherapy. Mol Cancer 2020; 19:145. [PMID: 32972405 PMCID: PMC7513516 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-020-01258-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 444] [Impact Index Per Article: 111.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
As a point of convergence for numerous oncogenic signaling pathways, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is central in regulating the anti-tumor immune response. STAT3 is broadly hyperactivated both in cancer and non-cancerous cells within the tumor ecosystem and plays important roles in inhibiting the expression of crucial immune activation regulators and promoting the production of immunosuppressive factors. Therefore, targeting the STAT3 signaling pathway has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for numerous cancers. In this review, we outline the importance of STAT3 signaling pathway in tumorigenesis and its immune regulation, and highlight the current status for the development of STAT3-targeting therapeutic approaches. We also summarize and discuss recent advances in STAT3-based combination immunotherapy in detail. These endeavors provide new insights into the translational application of STAT3 in cancer and may contribute to the promotion of more effective treatments toward malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sailan Zou
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiyu Tong
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Bowen Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yan Tian
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Xianghui Fu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Bharadwaj U, Kasembeli MM, Robinson P, Tweardy DJ. Targeting Janus Kinases and Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 to Treat Inflammation, Fibrosis, and Cancer: Rationale, Progress, and Caution. Pharmacol Rev 2020; 72:486-526. [PMID: 32198236 PMCID: PMC7300325 DOI: 10.1124/pr.119.018440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Before it was molecularly cloned in 1994, acute-phase response factor or signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3 was the focus of intense research into understanding the mammalian response to injury, particularly the acute-phase response. Although known to be essential for liver production of acute-phase reactant proteins, many of which augment innate immune responses, molecular cloning of acute-phase response factor or STAT3 and the research this enabled helped establish the central function of Janus kinase (JAK) family members in cytokine signaling and identified a multitude of cytokines and peptide hormones, beyond interleukin-6 and its family members, that activate JAKs and STAT3, as well as numerous new programs that their activation drives. Many, like the acute-phase response, are adaptive, whereas several are maladaptive and lead to chronic inflammation and adverse consequences, such as cachexia, fibrosis, organ dysfunction, and cancer. Molecular cloning of STAT3 also enabled the identification of other noncanonical roles for STAT3 in normal physiology, including its contribution to the function of the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation, its basal and stress-related adaptive functions in mitochondria, its function as a scaffold in inflammation-enhanced platelet activation, and its contributions to endothelial permeability and calcium efflux from endoplasmic reticulum. In this review, we will summarize the molecular and cellular biology of JAK/STAT3 signaling and its functions under basal and stress conditions, which are adaptive, and then review maladaptive JAK/STAT3 signaling in animals and humans that lead to disease, as well as recent attempts to modulate them to treat these diseases. In addition, we will discuss how consideration of the noncanonical and stress-related functions of STAT3 cannot be ignored in efforts to target the canonical functions of STAT3, if the goal is to develop drugs that are not only effective but safe. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Key biological functions of Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3 signaling can be delineated into two broad categories: those essential for normal cell and organ development and those activated in response to stress that are adaptive. Persistent or dysregulated JAK/STAT3 signaling, however, is maladaptive and contributes to many diseases, including diseases characterized by chronic inflammation and fibrosis, and cancer. A comprehensive understanding of JAK/STAT3 signaling in normal development, and in adaptive and maladaptive responses to stress, is essential for the continued development of safe and effective therapies that target this signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Uddalak Bharadwaj
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control & Employee Health, Division of Internal Medicine (U.B., M.M.K., P.R., D.J.T.), and Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology (D.J.T.), University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Moses M Kasembeli
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control & Employee Health, Division of Internal Medicine (U.B., M.M.K., P.R., D.J.T.), and Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology (D.J.T.), University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Prema Robinson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control & Employee Health, Division of Internal Medicine (U.B., M.M.K., P.R., D.J.T.), and Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology (D.J.T.), University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - David J Tweardy
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control & Employee Health, Division of Internal Medicine (U.B., M.M.K., P.R., D.J.T.), and Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology (D.J.T.), University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Patra S, Panigrahi DP, Praharaj PP, Bhol CS, Mahapatra KK, Mishra SR, Behera BP, Jena M, Bhutia SK. Dysregulation of histone deacetylases in carcinogenesis and tumor progression: a possible link to apoptosis and autophagy. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:3263-3282. [PMID: 30982077 PMCID: PMC11105585 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03098-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of the epigenome and constitutional epimutation lead to aberrant expression of the genes, which regulate cancer initiation and progression. Histone deacetylases (HDACs), which are highly conserved in yeast to humans, are known to regulate numerous proteins involved in the transcriptional regulation of chromatin structures, apoptosis, autophagy, and mitophagy. In addition, a non-permissive chromatin conformation is created by HDACs, preventing the transcription of the genes encoding the proteins associated with tumorigenesis. Recently, an expanding perspective has been reported from the clinical trials with HDACis (HDAC inhibitors), which has emerged as a determining target for the study of the detailed mechanisms underlying cancer progression. Therefore, the present review focuses on the comprehensive lucubration of post-translational modifications and the molecular mechanisms through which HDACs alter the ambiguities associated with epigenome, with particular insights into the initiation, progression, and regulation of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Srimanta Patra
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India
| | - Debasna P Panigrahi
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India
| | - Prakash P Praharaj
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India
| | - Chandra S Bhol
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India
| | - Kewal K Mahapatra
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India
| | - Soumya R Mishra
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India
| | - Bishnu P Behera
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India
| | - Mrutyunjay Jena
- PG Department of Botany, Berhampur University, Brahmapur, 760007, India
| | - Sujit K Bhutia
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Hsu WL, Chen HY, Chang FW, Hsu RJ. Does chronic obstructive pulmonary disease increase the risk of prostate cancer? A nationwide population-based study. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2019; 14:1913-1921. [PMID: 31686802 PMCID: PMC6709785 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s210975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major pulmonary disease. However, few studies have investigated the relationship between COPD and prostate cancer (PCa). This study aimed to investigate the association between COPD severity and PCa risk. Patients and methods We conducted a nationwide population-based cohort study utilizing data from 2001 to 2013 from the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan. Cox proportional hazards models with 1:1 propensity score-matched analysis were used to investigate the association between COPD and PCa risk. We further divided the COPD group according to severe complications (including acute respiratory failure, cardiopulmonary arrest, pneumonia, and acute exacerbation) to test for the relationship between COPD severity and PCa risk. Results This study included 47,634 patients (23,817 COPD patients and 23,817 matched non-COPD controls). Among them, 756 (1.59%) were diagnosed with PCa during a mean follow-up period of 7.05±4.13 years; 387 (1.62%) were from the COPD group and 369 (1.55%) were from the control group. Compared with the patients without COPD, the adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for PCa in the COPD patients was 1.10 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.95–1.27), while that in the COPD patients with complications was 2.46 (95% CI 1.96–3.61). Conclusions An increased risk for PCa was found among the COPD patients with complications. COPD complications included acute respiratory failure, cardiopulmonary arrest, pneumonia, and acute exacerbation. These findings may help physicians in treating COPD with complications and in remaining alert to the potential development of PCa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Lin Hsu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Yi Chen
- Divisions of Urology, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Fung-Wei Chang
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Tri-Service General Hospital Penghu Branch, National Defense Medical Center, Penghu Branch, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Health Promotion and Health Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ren-Jun Hsu
- Cancer Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Liu JM, Yu CP, Chuang HC, Wu CT, Hsu RJ. Androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer and the risk of autoimmune diseases. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2019; 22:475-482. [PMID: 30692587 DOI: 10.1038/s41391-019-0130-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) has been a mainstay of treatment for advanced prostate cancer (PCa), but limited studies have been performed to investigate the association between ADT and autoimmune diseases. METHODS We conducted a population-based nationwide cohort study of 17,168 patients newly diagnosed with PCa between 1996 and 2013 using the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) of Taiwan. Cox proportional hazards models with 1:1 propensity score-matched analysis were used to investigate the association between ADT use and the risk of autoimmune diseases. The autoimmune diseases included Graves' disease, Crohn's disease, psoriasis, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, Guillain-Barre syndrome, Sjogren's syndrome, myasthenia gravis, pernicious anemia, hereditary hemolytic anemia, polyarteritis nodosa, Celiac disease, uveitis, polymyalgia rheumatica, dermatomyositis, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, hypersensitivity vasculitis, Behcet's disease, polymyositis, alopecia areata, Wegener's granulomatosis, ulcerative colitis, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, pemphigus, multiple sclerosis, systemic sclerosis, Goodpasture syndrome, giant cell arteritis, thromboangitis obliterans, arteritis obliterans, and Kawasaki disease. The duration of ADT use as a time-dependent variable was also examined for its association with autoimmune diseases. We also performed six secondary analyses. RESULTS Of the 17,168 selected PCa patients, 14,444 patients met all the inclusion and exclusion criteria. After propensity score matching, 5590 ADT users and 5590 non-ADT users were included in the study cohort. A propensity score-matched analysis (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR), 0.619, 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.51-0.75, P < 0.001) demonstrated a significantly decreased risk of autoimmune diseases in ADT users. A significant decrease in the risk of autoimmune diseases with increasing ADT duration was also demonstrated (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS We observed that ADT use in patients with PCa was associated with a decreased risk of autoimmune diseases. These novel findings provide a potential role for androgen deprivation therapy in the modification of inflammation and autoimmunity in Asian patients with prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Ming Liu
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ping Yu
- Department of Pathology and Graduate Institute of Pathology and Parasitology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Heng-Chang Chuang
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Te Wu
- Department of Urology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Ren-Jun Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Pathology and Graduate Institute of Pathology and Parasitology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Cancer Medicine Center of Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Rozovski U, Harris DM, Li P, Liu Z, Jain P, Ferrajoli A, Burger J, Thompson P, Jain N, Wierda W, Keating MJ, Estrov Z. STAT3 is constitutively acetylated on lysine 685 residues in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. Oncotarget 2018; 9:33710-33718. [PMID: 30263097 PMCID: PMC6154750 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)-3 might be phosphorylated or acetylated. Unlike the phosphorylation of STAT3, little is known about the acetylation of STAT3 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells. Because acetylation activates STAT3 transcription, we sought to study the acetylation status of STAT3 in CLL cells. Using Western immunoblotting, immunoprecipitation, and flow cytometry we found that, apart from its constitutive serine phosphorylation, STAT3 is constitutively acetylated on lysine 685 residues. Because the acetyltransferase p300 was found to acetylate STAT3 on lysine 685 residues, we wondered whether p300 acetylates STAT3 in CLL cells. Using Western immunoblotting we detected high levels of p300 protein in CLL but not normal B cells. Transfection of CLL cells with p300 small-interfering (si) RNA downregulated p300 transcripts as well as p300 and acetyl-STAT3 protein levels. In addition, p300 siRNA attenuated STAT3-DNA binding and downregulated mRNA levels of STAT3-regulated genes. Furthermore, transfection of CLL cells with p300-siRNA induced a 3-fold increase in the rate of spontaneous apoptosis. Taken together, our data suggest that in CLL cells STAT3 p300 induces constitutive acetylation and activation of STAT3. Whether inhibition of STAT3 acetylation might provide clinical benefit in patients with CLL remains to be determined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Uri Rozovski
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Institute of Hematology, Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - David M Harris
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Zhiming Liu
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Preetesh Jain
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Alessandra Ferrajoli
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jan Burger
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Phillip Thompson
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Nitin Jain
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - William Wierda
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Michael J Keating
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Zeev Estrov
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Yamini B. NF-κB, Mesenchymal Differentiation and Glioblastoma. Cells 2018; 7:cells7090125. [PMID: 30200302 PMCID: PMC6162779 DOI: 10.3390/cells7090125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although glioblastoma (GBM) has always been recognized as a heterogeneous tumor, the advent of largescale molecular analysis has enabled robust categorization of this malignancy into several specific subgroups. Among the subtypes designated by expression profiling, mesenchymal tumors have been associated with an inflammatory microenvironment, increased angiogenesis, and resistance to therapy. Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) is a ubiquitous transcription factor that plays a prominent role in mediating many of the central features associated with mesenchymal differentiation. This review summarizes the mechanisms by which NF-κB proteins and their co-regulating partners induce the transcriptional network that underlies the mesenchymal phenotype. Moreover, both the intrinsic changes within mesenchymal GBM cells and the microenvironmental factors that modify the overall NF-κB response are detailed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bakhtiar Yamini
- Section of Neurosurgery Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Jiang XF, Ding L, Tian Y, Han N, Li ZQ. Interaction of STAT3 and RelB modulates MMP-1 in colon cancer. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 293:94-99. [PMID: 30040915 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MMP-1 (Matrix metalloproteinase-1) promotes carcinogenesis and distant metastasis in different cancers. Regulation of MMP-1 could occur at multiple levels: epigenetically, post-transcriptionally, or post-translationally. An increasing body of evidence supports that the cytoplasmic transcription factor STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) is activated constitutively in a variety of cancers wherein it significantly affects the growth of tumors and also facilitates metastasis. In addition, STAT3 has been found to regulate nuclear activity pro-inflammatory transcriptional factor, NF-κB signaling, especially, the alternative one (RelB/p100) by directly interacting with them METHOD AND RESULTS: In this proof of concept study, we tested the hypothesis that STAT3 interacts with RelB to promote tumor invasion by positively regulating MMP-1 in colon cancer. We found that RelB and STAT3 were constitutively localized in the nucleus of colon cancer in surgically-resected specimens with use of Western blot analysis, which was further confirmed by immunofluorescence (IF) staining in colon carcinoma cell line HT29. We further observed that STAT3/RelB knockdown resulted in reduced MMP-1. Our results from chromatin immunoprecipitation studies further established that association between RelB and MMP-1 promoter decreased when STAT3 was depleted, and conversely, STAT3 association with MMP-1 decreased with the knockdown of RelB. CONCLUSION These results suggest that STAT3 and ReB constitute a minimal activator complex for positive regulation of MMP-1 in colon cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Feng Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, China
| | - Lei Ding
- Department of Radiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, China.
| | - Yuan Tian
- Medical Examination Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, China
| | - Ning Han
- Department of Radiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, China
| | - Zhi-Qi Li
- Department of Radiology, No.208 PLA Hospital, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Lim RZL, Li L, Yong EL, Chew N. STAT-3 regulation of CXCR4 is necessary for the prenylflavonoid Icaritin to enhance mesenchymal stem cell proliferation, migration and osteogenic differentiation. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2018; 1862:1680-1692. [PMID: 29679717 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2018.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) dysfunction has been implicated in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. MSCs derived from osteoporotic subjects demonstrate significant impairment in proliferation, adhesion and chemotaxis, and osteogenic differentiation, leading to reduced functional bone-forming osteoblasts and ultimately nett bone loss and osteoporosis. Epimedium herbs and its active compound Icaritin (ICT) have been used in Chinese ethnopharmacology for the treatment of metabolic bone diseases. Using an in-vitro cell culture model, we investigated the benefits of ICT treatment in enhancing MSC proliferation, migration and osteogenic differentiation, and provide novel data to describe its mechanism of action. ICT enhances MSC proliferation, chemotaxis to stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) and osteogenic differentiation through the activation of signal transduction activator transcription factor 3 (STAT-3), with a consequential up-regulation in the expression and activity of cysteine (C)-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4). These findings provide a strong basis for future clinical studies to confirm the therapeutic potential of ICT for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis and fragility fractures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Z L Lim
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - L Li
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - E L Yong
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - N Chew
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Division of Infectious Diseases, National University Hospital, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Saxon JA, Yu H, Polosukhin VV, Stathopoulos GT, Gleaves LA, McLoed AG, Massion PP, Yull FE, Zhao Z, Blackwell TS. p52 expression enhances lung cancer progression. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6078. [PMID: 29666445 PMCID: PMC5904214 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24488-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
While many studies have demonstrated that canonical NF-κB signaling is a central pathway in lung tumorigenesis, the role of non-canonical NF-κB signaling in lung cancer remains undefined. We observed frequent nuclear accumulation of the non-canonical NF-κB component p100/p52 in human lung adenocarcinoma. To investigate the impact of non-canonical NF-κB signaling on lung carcinogenesis, we employed transgenic mice with doxycycline-inducible expression of p52 in airway epithelial cells. p52 over-expression led to increased tumor number and progression after injection of the carcinogen urethane. Gene expression analysis of lungs from transgenic mice combined with in vitro studies suggested that p52 promotes proliferation of lung epithelial cells through regulation of cell cycle-associated genes. Using gene expression and patient information from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, we found that expression of p52-associated genes was increased in lung adenocarcinomas and correlated with reduced survival, even in early stage disease. Analysis of p52-associated gene expression in additional human lung adenocarcinoma datasets corroborated these findings. Together, these studies implicate the non-canonical NF-κB component p52 in lung carcinogenesis and suggest modulation of p52 activity and/or downstream mediators as new therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jamie A Saxon
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Hui Yu
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37203, USA
- Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Vasiliy V Polosukhin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Georgios T Stathopoulos
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC) and Institute for Lung Biology and Disease (iLBD), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian University (LMU) and Helmholtz Center Munich, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Max-Lebsche-Platz 31, 81377, Munich, Bavaria, Germany
- Laboratory for Molecular Respiratory Carcinogenesis, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Patras, 1 Asklepiou Str., 26504, Rio, Achaia, Greece
| | - Linda A Gleaves
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Allyson G McLoed
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Pierre P Massion
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Fiona E Yull
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Zhongming Zhao
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37203, USA
- Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Timothy S Blackwell
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Huang Y, Jiang X, Liang X, Jiang G. Molecular and cellular mechanisms of castration resistant prostate cancer. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:6063-6076. [PMID: 29616091 PMCID: PMC5876469 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
With increases in the mortality rate and number of patients with prostate cancer (PCa), PCa, particularly the advanced and metastatic disease, has been the focus of a number of studies globally. Over the past seven decades, androgen deprivation therapy has been the primary therapeutic option for patients with advanced PCa; however, the majority of patients developed a poor prognosis stage of castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), which eventually led to mortality. Due to CRPC being incurable, laboratory investigations and clinical studies focusing on CRPC have been conducted worldwide. Clarification of the molecular pathways that may lead to CRPC is important for discovering novel therapeutic strategies to delay or reverse the progression of disease. A sustained androgen receptor (AR) signal is still regarded as the main cause of CRPC. Increasing number of studies have proposed different potential mechanisms that cause CRPC, and this has led to the development of novel agents targeting the AR-dependent pathway or AR-independent signaling. In the present review, the major underlying mechanisms causing CRPC, including several major categories of AR-dependent mechanisms, AR bypass signaling, AR-independent mechanisms and other important hypotheses (including the functions of autophagy, PCa stem cell and microRNAs in CRPC progression), are summarized with retrospective pre-clinical or clinical trials to guide future research and therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiqiao Huang
- Department of Urology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510700, P.R. China
| | - Xianhan Jiang
- Department of Urology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510700, P.R. China
| | - Xue Liang
- Department of Urology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510700, P.R. China
| | - Ganggang Jiang
- Department of Urology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510700, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Castor T, Yogev N, Blank T, Barwig C, Prinz M, Waisman A, Bros M, Reske-Kunz AB. Inhibition of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by tolerance-promoting DNA vaccination focused to dendritic cells. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191927. [PMID: 29408931 PMCID: PMC5800700 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study we analysed the effects of prophylactic biolistic DNA vaccination with plasmids encoding the encephalitogenic protein myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) on the severity of a subsequently MOGp35-55-induced EAE and on the underlying immune response. We compared the outcome of vaccination with MOG-encoding plasmids alone or in combination with vectors encoding the regulatory cytokines IL-10 and TGF-ß1, respectively. MOG expression was restricted to skin dendritic cells (DCs) by the use of the DC-specific promoter of the fascin1 gene (pFscn-MOG). For comparison, the strong and ubiquitously active CMV promoter was employed (pCMV-MOG), which allows MOG expression in all transfected cells. Expression of IL-10 and TGF-ß1 was controlled by the CMV promoter to yield maximal synthesis (pCMV-IL10, pCMV-TGFß). Co-application of pFscn-MOG and pCMV-IL10 significantly ameliorated EAE pathology, while vaccination with pCMV-MOG plus pCMV-IL10 did not affect EAE outcome. In contrast, vaccination with either of the two MOG-encoding plasmids in combination with pCMV-TGFß significantly attenuated the clinical EAE symptoms. Mechanistically, we observed diminished infiltration of Th17 and Th1 cells as well as macrophages/DCs into the CNS, which correlated with decreased MOGp35-55-specific production of IL-17 and IFN-ϫ by spleen cells and reduced peptide-specific T cell proliferation. Our findings suggest deletion of or anergy induction in MOG-specific CD4+ T cells by the suppressive vaccination platform employed. MOG expression driven by the DC-specific fascin1 promoter yielded similar inhibitory effects on EAE progression as the ubiquitously active viral CMV promoter, when coapplying pCMV-TGFß. Our finding that pCMV-IL10 promoted tolerogenic effects only, when coapplied with pFscn-MOG, but not pCMV-MOG suggests that IL-10 affected only directly transfected DCs (pFscn-MOG), but not neighbouring DCs that engulfed MOG-containing vesicles derived from transfected keratinocytes (pCMV-MOG). Thus, due to its DC-restricted expression, the fascin1 promoter might be an interesting alternative to ubiquitously expressed promoters for vaccination strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timo Castor
- Department of Dermatology University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Nir Yogev
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Blank
- Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christina Barwig
- Department of Dermatology University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Marco Prinz
- Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ari Waisman
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Bros
- Department of Dermatology University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Zhou Y, Xu H, Ding Y, Lu Q, Zou MH, Song P. AMPKα1 deletion in fibroblasts promotes tumorigenesis in athymic nude mice by p52-mediated elevation of erythropoietin and CDK2. Oncotarget 2018; 7:53654-53667. [PMID: 27449088 PMCID: PMC5288212 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is essential for tumor development. Accumulating evidence suggests that adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), an energy sensor and redox modulator, is associated with cancer development. However, the effect of AMPK on tumor development is controversial, and whether AMPK affects tumor angiogenesis has not been resolved. We show that deletion of AMPKα1, but not AMPKα2, upregulates non-canonical nuclear factor kappa B2 (NF-κB2)/p52-mediated cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2), which is responsible for the anchorage-independent cell growth of immortalized mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs). Co-culture with AMPKα1 knockout MEFs (or their conditioned medium) enhances the migration and network formation of human microvascular endothelial cells, which is dependent on p52-upregulated erythropoietin (Epo). AMPKα1 deletion stimulates cellular proliferation of allograft MEFs, angiogenesis, and tumor development in athymic nu/nu mice, which is partly ameliorated by antibody-mediated Epo neutralization. Therefore, the AMPKα1-p52-Epo pathway may be involved in stromal fibroblast-mediated angiogenesis and tumorigenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Zhou
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.,Key Laboratory of Hubei Province on Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, China
| | - Hairong Xu
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.,School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Ye Ding
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Qiulun Lu
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Ming-Hui Zou
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Ping Song
- Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Jia ZH, Jia Y, Guo FJ, Chen J, Zhang XW, Cui MH. Phosphorylation of STAT3 at Tyr705 regulates MMP-9 production in epithelial ovarian cancer. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183622. [PMID: 28859117 PMCID: PMC5578655 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer's poor progression is closely associated with overexpression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), which belongs to the class of enzymes believed to be involved in the degradation of extracellular matrix. However, the mechanisms underlying regulation of MMP-9 are not completely understood. STAT (signal transducer and activator of transcription) family of transcription factors is well known to be engaged in diverse cellular functions. Activation of STAT3 has been observed in a number of cancers, promoting tumorigenesis and metastasis via transcriptional activation of its target genes. In this study, we tested our hypothesis that STAT3 regulates MMP-9 gene expression in epithelial ovarian cancer. Using epithelial ovarian cancer cell lines as in vitro model, we show an abundance of phosphorylated STAT3 at Tyr705 (p-STAT3) in SKOV3 cell line. We further show that MMP-9 gene promoter was significantly enriched by p-STAT3, and IL-6 treatment led to a significant increase of MMP-9 at mRNA and protein levels, in addition to an association of p-STAT3 with MMP-9 gene. By using luciferase reporter assay, we determined that the STAT3 DNA responsive element of MMP-9 was sufficient to regulate transcriptional activity of a heterologous promoter. These results suggest that the phosphorylation of STAT3 regulates MMP-9 production in ovarian cancer, which might be responsible for its invasiveness and metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zan-Hui Jia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
| | - Yan Jia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng-Jun Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xi-Wen Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Man-Hua Cui
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Kim JS, Kim EJ, Kim HS, Kurie JM, Ahn YH. MKK4 activates non-canonical NFκB signaling by promoting NFκB2-p100 processing. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 491:337-342. [PMID: 28733031 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.07.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The NFκB family of transcription factors is crucial for innate or adaptive immunity, inflammation, and diseases including cancer. The two NFκB signaling pathways (canonical and non-canonical) differ from each other in extracellular signals, membrane receptors, signaling adaptors, and dimer subunits. The p52 (NFκB2) subunit, which participates in the non-canonical pathway, is generated by ubiquitin-mediated processing of the p100 precursor. Here, we found that NFκB2 processing and activation were mediated by mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase-4 (MKK4) and its substrate c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). In MKK4-null mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), serum- and lymphotoxin β receptor (LTβR) antibody-induced processing of p100 and nuclear translocation of p52 were found to be defective. Serum and LTβR antibody activated the MKK4-JNK signaling pathway, and SP600125, a JNK inhibitor, blocked p100 processing. Cellular senescence, one of the responses regulated by the non-canonical NFκB pathway, was observed more frequently in MKK4-null MEFs than in wildtype cells. These results suggest that the MKK4/JNK-dependent pathway regulates NFκB2 processing/activation and, through this mechanism, MKK4 and NFκB2 control cellular growth and senescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Seon Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Tissue Injury Defense Research Center, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07985, South Korea
| | - Eun Ju Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Tissue Injury Defense Research Center, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07985, South Korea
| | - Hee-Sun Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Tissue Injury Defense Research Center, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07985, South Korea
| | - Jonathan M Kurie
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Young-Ho Ahn
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Tissue Injury Defense Research Center, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07985, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ren N, Atyah M, Chen WY, Zhou CH. The various aspects of genetic and epigenetic toxicology: testing methods and clinical applications. J Transl Med 2017; 15:110. [PMID: 28532423 PMCID: PMC5440915 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-017-1218-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Genotoxicity refers to the ability of harmful substances to damage genetic information in cells. Being exposed to chemical and biological agents can result in genomic instabilities and/or epigenetic alterations, which translate into a variety of diseases, cancer included. This concise review discusses, from both a genetic and epigenetic point of view, the current detection methods of different agents’ genotoxicity, along with their basic and clinical relation to human cancer, chemotherapy, germ cells and stem cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Ren
- Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
| | - Manar Atyah
- Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Wan-Yong Chen
- Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen-Hao Zhou
- Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Wang Y, Zhou C, Gao H, Li C, Li D, Liu P, Huang M, Shen X, Liu L. Therapeutic effect of Cryptotanshinone on experimental rheumatoid arthritis through downregulating p300 mediated-STAT3 acetylation. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 138:119-129. [PMID: 28522406 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The balance between T helper 17 (Th17) cells and regulatory T (Treg) cells, plays a critical role in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The differentiation of Th17 cells requires the activation of STAT3, which determines the balance of Th17/Treg. Here, we investigated the therapeutic effect of Cryptotanshinone (CTS) on collagen induced mouse arthritis and explored the underlying mechanisms. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Arthritis was induced in DBA/1 mice with bovine collagen type II and complete Freund's adjuvant. CTS was given at 20mgkg-1d-1 or 60mgkg-1d-1 by gavage for 6weeks. The immuno-inflammation and joint destruction were evaluated and the balance of Th17/Treg was determined. STAT3 acetylation and phosphorylation were detected by western blotting, and the involvement of p300 was investigated by siRNA and plasmid overexpression. KEY RESULTS CTS at a dose of 60mgkg-1d-1 ameliorated the inflammation and joint destruction in CIA mice. It improved Th17/Treg imbalance, and inhibited both acetylation and phosphorylation of STAT3. CTS reduced p300 expression and its binding to STAT3, but increased phosphorylated AMPK. Knockdown of p300 mimicked the inhibitory effect of CTS on STAT3 acetylation and phosphorylation, which could be partially rescued by overexpression of p300-WT, but not p300-dominant negative (DN) construct. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Our study suggested that the anti-arthritis effects of CTS were attained through suppression of p300-mediated STAT3 acetylation. Our data suggest that CTS might be a potential immune modulator for RA treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chun Zhou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Gao
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cuixian Li
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peiqing Liu
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Huang
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Shen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Liang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Dalagiorgou G, Piperi C, Adamopoulos C, Georgopoulou U, Gargalionis AN, Spyropoulou A, Zoi I, Nokhbehsaim M, Damanaki A, Deschner J, Basdra EK, Papavassiliou AG. Mechanosensor polycystin-1 potentiates differentiation of human osteoblastic cells by upregulating Runx2 expression via induction of JAK2/STAT3 signaling axis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:921-936. [PMID: 27699453 PMCID: PMC11107574 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2394-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Polycystin-1 (PC1) has been proposed as a chief mechanosensing molecule implicated in skeletogenesis and bone remodeling. Mechanotransduction via PC1 involves proteolytic cleavage of its cytoplasmic tail (CT) and interaction with intracellular pathways and transcription factors to regulate cell function. Here we demonstrate the interaction of PC1-CT with JAK2/STAT3 signaling axis in mechanically stimulated human osteoblastic cells, leading to transcriptional induction of Runx2 gene, a master regulator of osteoblastic differentiation. Primary osteoblast-like PC1-expressing cells subjected to mechanical-stretching exhibited a PC1-dependent increase of the phosphorylated(p)/active form of JAK2. Specific interaction of PC1-CT with pJAK2 was observed after stretching while pre-treatment of cells with PC1 (anti-IgPKD1) and JAK2 inhibitors abolished JAK2 activation. Consistently, mechanostimulation triggered PC1-mediated phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of STAT3. The nuclear phosphorylated(p)/DNA-binding competent pSTAT3 levels were augmented after stretching followed by elevated DNA-binding activity. Pre-treatment with a STAT3 inhibitor either alone or in combination with anti-IgPKD1 abrogated this effect. Moreover, PC1-mediated mechanostimulation induced elevation of Runx2 mRNA levels. ChIP assays revealed direct regulation of Runx2 promoter activity by STAT3/Runx2 after mechanical-stretching that was PC1-dependent. Our findings show that mechanical load upregulates expression of Runx2 gene via potentiation of PC1-JAK2/STAT3 signaling axis, culminating to possibly control osteoblastic differentiation and ultimately bone formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Dalagiorgou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75, M. Asias Street, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Piperi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75, M. Asias Street, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Christos Adamopoulos
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75, M. Asias Street, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Urania Georgopoulou
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521, Athens, Greece
| | - Antonios N Gargalionis
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75, M. Asias Street, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasia Spyropoulou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75, M. Asias Street, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Ilianna Zoi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75, M. Asias Street, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Marjan Nokhbehsaim
- Section of Experimental Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, University of Bonn, 53111, Bonn, Germany
| | - Anna Damanaki
- Section of Experimental Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, University of Bonn, 53111, Bonn, Germany
| | - James Deschner
- Section of Experimental Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, University of Bonn, 53111, Bonn, Germany
| | - Efthimia K Basdra
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75, M. Asias Street, 11527, Athens, Greece.
| | - Athanasios G Papavassiliou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75, M. Asias Street, 11527, Athens, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
ZFP91: A Noncanonical NF- κB Signaling Pathway Regulator with Oncogenic Properties Is Overexpressed in Prostate Cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:6963582. [PMID: 27975057 PMCID: PMC5128685 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6963582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Novel molecular targets are being searched to aid in prostate cancer diagnosis and therapy. Recently, ZFP91 zinc finger protein has been found to be upregulated in prostate cancer cell lines. It is a potentially important oncogenic protein; however only limited data regarding its biological function and expression patterns are available. To date, ZFP91 has been shown to be a key factor in activation of noncanonical NF-κB signaling pathway as well as to be involved in HIF-1α signaling in cancer cells. The present study aimed to characterize ZFP91 expression in prostate cancer specimens. Furthermore, since our earlier reports showed discrepancies between ZFP91 mRNA and protein levels, we studied this interrelationship in LNCaP and PC-3 prostate cancer cell lines using siRNA mediated knockdown. QPCR analysis revealed marked upregulation of ZFP91 mRNA in the majority of prostate cancer specimens. Transfection of prostate cancer cells with ZFP91 siRNA resulted in a 10-fold decrease in mRNA levels. On a protein level, however, no inhibitory effect was observed over the time of the cell culture. We conclude that ZFP91 is overexpressed in prostate cancer and that potential accumulation of the ZFP91 protein in studied cells may be of importance in prostate cancer biology.
Collapse
|
33
|
Cildir G, Low KC, Tergaonkar V. Noncanonical NF-κB Signaling in Health and Disease. Trends Mol Med 2016; 22:414-429. [PMID: 27068135 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Noncanonical NF-κB signaling differs from canonical NF-κB signaling by being activated through different cell surface receptors, cytoplasmic adaptors, and NF-κB dimers. Under normal physiological conditions, this noncanonical pathway has been implicated in diverse biological processes, including lymphoid organogenesis, B cell maturation, osteoclast differentiation, and various functions of other immune cells. Recently, dysfunction of this pathway has also been causally associated with numerous immune-mediated pathologies and human malignancies. Here, we summarize the core elements as well as the recently identified novel regulators of the noncanonical NF-κB signaling pathway. The involvement of this pathway in different pathologies and the potential therapeutic options that are currently envisaged are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gökhan Cildir
- Laboratory of NF-κB Signaling, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore; Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Kee Chung Low
- Laboratory of NF-κB Signaling, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Vinay Tergaonkar
- Laboratory of NF-κB Signaling, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore; Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore 117597, Singapore; Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Tummala R, Nadiminty N, Lou W, Evans CP, Gao AC. Lin28 induces resistance to anti-androgens via promotion of AR splice variant generation. Prostate 2016; 76:445-55. [PMID: 26714839 PMCID: PMC5372699 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer (PCa) is androgen-dependent initially and progresses to a castration-resistant state after androgen deprivation therapy. Treatment options for castration-resistant PCa include the potent second-generation anti-androgen enzalutamide or CYP17A1 inhibitor abiraterone. Recent clinical observations point to the development of resistance to these therapies which may be mediated by constitutively active alternative splice variants of the androgen receptor (AR). METHODS Sensitivity of LNCaP cells overexpressing Lin28 (LN-Lin28) to enzalutamide, abiraterone, or bicalutamide was compared to that of control LN-neo cells using cell growth assays, proliferation assays using MTT, anchorage-dependent clonogenic ability assays and soft agar assays. Ability of LN-Lin28 cells to maintain AR activation after treatment with enzalutamide, abiraterone, or bicalutamide was tested using immunofluorescence, Western blotting, ChIP assays, and qRT-PCR. Importance of Lin28 in enzalutamide resistance was assessed by the downregulation of Lin28 expression in C4-2B and 22Rv1 cells chronically treated with enzalutamide. Requirement for sustained AR signaling in LN-Lin28 cells was examined by the downregulation of either full length AR or AR-V7 using siRNA. RESULTS We show that Lin28 promotes the development of resistance to currently used targeted therapeutics by enhancing the expression of AR splice variants such as AR-V7. PCa cells overexpressing Lin28 exhibit resistance to treatment with enzalutamide, abiraterone, or bicalutamide. Downregulation of Lin28 resensitizes enzalutamide-resistant PCa cells to enzalutamide treatment. We also show that the upregulation of splicing factors such as hnRNPA1 by Lin28 may mediate the enhanced generation of AR splice variants in Lin28-expressing cells. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that Lin28 plays a key role in the acquisition of resistance to AR-targeted therapies by PCa cells and establish the importance of Lin28 in PCa progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramakumar Tummala
- Department of Urology, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California
| | | | - Wei Lou
- Department of Urology, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Christopher P. Evans
- Department of Urology, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Allen C. Gao
- Department of Urology, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Chandrasekar T, Yang JC, Gao AC, Evans CP. Mechanisms of resistance in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Transl Androl Urol 2016; 4:365-80. [PMID: 26814148 PMCID: PMC4708226 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2223-4683.2015.05.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in prostate cancer diagnosis and management, morbidity from prostate cancer remains high. Approximately 20% of men present with advanced or metastatic disease, while 29,000 men continue to die of prostate cancer each year. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) has been the standard of care for initial management of advanced or metastatic prostate cancer since Huggins and Hodges first introduced the concept of androgen-dependence in 1972, but progression to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) occurs within 2-3 years of initiation of ADT. CRPC, previously defined as hormone-refractory prostate cancer, is now understood to still be androgen dependent. Multiple mechanisms of resistance help contribute to the progression to castration resistant disease, and the androgen receptor (AR) remains an important driver in this progression. These mechanisms include AR amplification and hypersensitivity, AR mutations leading to promiscuity, mutations in coactivators/corepressors, androgen-independent AR activation, and intratumoral and alternative androgen production. More recently, identification of AR variants (ARVs) has been established as another mechanism of progression to CRPC. Docetaxel chemotherapy has historically been the first-line treatment for CRPC, but in recent years, newer agents have been introduced that target some of these mechanisms of resistance, thereby providing additional survival benefit. These include AR signaling inhibitors such as enzalutamide (Xtandi, ENZA, MDV-3100) and CYP17A1 inhibitors such as abiraterone acetate (Zytiga). Ultimately, these agents will also fail to suppress CRPC. While some of the mechanisms by which these agents fail are unique, many share similarities to the mechanisms contributing to CRPC progression. Understanding these mechanisms of resistance to ADT and currently approved CRPC treatments will help guide future research into targeted therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Joy C Yang
- Department of Urology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Allen C Gao
- Department of Urology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Zouein FA, Altara R, Chen Q, Lesnefsky EJ, Kurdi M, Booz GW. Pivotal Importance of STAT3 in Protecting the Heart from Acute and Chronic Stress: New Advancement and Unresolved Issues. Front Cardiovasc Med 2015; 2:36. [PMID: 26664907 PMCID: PMC4671345 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2015.00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), has been implicated in protecting the heart from acute ischemic injury under both basal conditions and as a crucial component of pre- and post-conditioning protocols. A number of anti-oxidant and antiapoptotic genes are upregulated by STAT3 via canonical means involving phosphorylation on Y705 and S727, although other incompletely defined posttranslational modifications are involved. In addition, STAT3 is now known to be present in cardiac mitochondria and to exert actions that regulate the electron transport chain, reactive oxygen species production, and mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening. These non-canonical actions of STAT3 are enhanced by S727 phosphorylation. The molecular basis for the mitochondrial actions of STAT3 is poorly understood, but STAT3 is known to interact with a critical subunit of complex I and to regulate complex I function. Dysfunctional complex I has been implicated in ischemic injury, heart failure, and the aging process. Evidence also indicates that STAT3 is protective to the heart under chronic stress conditions, including hypertension, pregnancy, and advanced age. Paradoxically, the accumulation of unphosphorylated STAT3 (U-STAT3) in the nucleus has been suggested to drive pathological cardiac hypertrophy and inflammation via non-canonical gene expression, perhaps involving a distinct acetylation profile. U-STAT3 may also regulate chromatin stability. Our understanding of how the non-canonical genomic and mitochondrial actions of STAT3 in the heart are regulated and coordinated with the canonical actions of STAT3 is rudimentary. Here, we present an overview of what is currently known about the pleotropic actions of STAT3 in the heart in order to highlight controversies and unresolved issues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fouad A Zouein
- American University of Beirut Faculty of Medicine , Beirut , Lebanon
| | - Raffaele Altara
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, The University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, MS , USA
| | - Qun Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, VA , USA
| | - Edward J Lesnefsky
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, VA , USA ; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, VA , USA ; McGuire Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Richmond, VA , USA
| | - Mazen Kurdi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, The University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, MS , USA ; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University , Hadath , Lebanon
| | - George W Booz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, The University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, MS , USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Aslan JE, Rigg RA, Nowak MS, Loren CP, Baker-Groberg SM, Pang J, David LL, McCarty OJT. Lysine acetyltransfer supports platelet function. J Thromb Haemost 2015; 13:1908-17. [PMID: 26256950 PMCID: PMC4752848 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The reversible acetylation of protein lysine ε-amino groups, catalyzed by lysine acetyltransferases and deacetylases, serves as a molecular switch in the orchestration of diverse cellular activities. Here, we aimed to investigate the role of lysine acetyltransfer in platelet function. METHODS AND RESULTS Proteomics methods identified 552 acetyllysine (acK) modifications on 273 platelet proteins that serve as candidate substrates for lysine acetyltransferases. Bioinformatics analyses of the identified acK-modified platelet proteins supported roles for the lysine acetyltransferase p300 in the regulation of actin-mediated platelet processes. Biochemical experiments showed that platelets express p300, which is activated in an Src kinase-dependent manner upon platelet stimulation with the platelet glycoprotein VI agonist collagen-related peptide (CRP). Inhibition of platelet p300 abrogated CRP-stimulated lysine acetylation of actin, filamin, and cortactin, as well as F-actin polymerization, integrin activation, and platelet aggregation. Super-resolution visualization of platelet actin-rich adhesion structures revealed abundant acK protein colocalized with platelet actin cytoskeletal proteins. Inhibition of p300 blocked platelet filopodium formation and the spreading of platelets on fibrinogen and collagen surfaces. In whole blood, p300 inhibition prevented the formation of platelet aggregates under shear, suggesting a physiologic role for lysine acetyltransferase activity in platelet function. CONCLUSION Together, our findings reveal lysine acetyltransfer to be a potential regulator of platelet actin dynamics, and potential roles for lysine acetylation in the molecular coordination of platelet activation and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph E. Aslan
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Cell and Developmental Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Rachel A. Rigg
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Marie S. Nowak
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Medical Physics, Universite des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Cassandra P. Loren
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Sandra M. Baker-Groberg
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Jiaqing Pang
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Larry L. David
- Proteomics Shared Resource, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Owen J. T. McCarty
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Cell and Developmental Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Division of Hematology & Medical Oncology School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Kim HS, Kim DC, Kim HM, Kwon HJ, Kwon SJ, Kang SJ, Kim SC, Choi GE. STAT1 deficiency redirects IFN signalling toward suppression of TLR response through a feedback activation of STAT3. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13414. [PMID: 26299368 PMCID: PMC4547106 DOI: 10.1038/srep13414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) potentiate macrophage activation typically via a STAT1-dependent pathway. Recent studies suggest a functioning of STAT1-independent pathway in the regulation of gene expression by IFN-γ, thus pointing to the diversity in cellular responses to IFNs. Many functions of IFNs rely on cross-regulation of the responses to exogenous inflammatory mediators such as TLR ligands. Here we investigated the contribution of STAT1-independent pathway to macrophage activation and its underlying mechanism in the context of combined stimulation of IFN and TLR. We found that TLR-induced production of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-12) was not simply nullified but was significantly suppressed by signaling common to IFN-γ and IFN-β in STAT1-null macrophages. Such a shift in the suppression of TLR response correlated with a sustained STAT3 activation and attenuation of NF-κB signaling. Using a JAK2/STAT3 pathway inhibitor or STAT3-specific siRNA, blocking STAT3 in that context restored TNF-α production and NF-κB signaling, thus indicating a functional cross-regulation among STAT1, STAT3, and NF-κB. Our results suggest that STAT1 deficiency reprograms IFN signaling from priming toward suppression of TLR response via feedback regulation of STAT3, which may provide a new insight into the host defense response against microbial pathogens in a situation of STAT1 deficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hun Sik Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 138-736, Korea.,Cellular Dysfunction Research Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 138-736, Korea.,Department of Microbiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 138-736, Korea
| | - Dong Chan Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 138-736, Korea
| | - Hong-Mi Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 138-736, Korea
| | - Hyung-Joon Kwon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 138-736, Korea.,Cellular Dysfunction Research Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 138-736, Korea
| | - Soon Jae Kwon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 138-736, Korea
| | - Suk-Jo Kang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 305-701, Korea
| | - Sun Chang Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 305-701, Korea
| | - Go-Eun Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 138-736, Korea.,Cellular Dysfunction Research Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 138-736, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Kang HJ, Yi YW, Hou SJ, Kim HJ, Kong Y, Bae I, Brown ML. Disruption of STAT3-DNMT1 interaction by SH-I-14 induces re-expression of tumor suppressor genes and inhibits growth of triple-negative breast tumor. Oncotarget 2015; 8:83457-83468. [PMID: 29137356 PMCID: PMC5663528 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation of gene expression is an emerging target to treat several human diseases including cancers. In cancers, expressions of many tumor suppressor genes are suppressed by hyper-methylation in their regulatory regions. Herein, we describe a novel carbazole SH-I-14 that decreased the level of the acetyl-STAT3 at the K685 residue. Mutation analysis revealed that SH-I-14 disrupted STAT3-DNMT1 interaction by removing acetyl group from K685 of STAT3. Finally, the inhibition of STAT3-DNMT1 interaction by SH-I-14 resulted in re-expression of tumor suppressor genes such as VHL and PDLIM4 through de-methylation of their promoter regions. In addition, SH-I-14 showed anti-proliferative effect in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines in vitro and anti-tumor effect in a mouse xenograft model of MDA-MB-231 tumor. Taken together, our results suggest that targeting acetyl-STAT3 (K685) provides potential therapeutic opportunity to treat a subset of human cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Jin Kang
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Yong Weon Yi
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Shu-Jie Hou
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.,Center for Drug Discovery, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Hee Jeong Kim
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Yali Kong
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.,Center for Drug Discovery, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Insoo Bae
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.,Department of Radiation Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.,Center for Drug Discovery, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.,Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Milton L Brown
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.,Center for Drug Discovery, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.,Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Klupp F, Diers J, Kahlert C, Neumann L, Halama N, Franz C, Schmidt T, Lasitschka F, Warth A, Weitz J, Koch M, Schneider M, Ulrich A. Expressional STAT3/STAT5 Ratio is an Independent Prognostic Marker in Colon Carcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol 2015; 22 Suppl 3:S1548-55. [PMID: 25773877 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-015-4485-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Signal transducer and activator of transcription proteins (STATs) are crucial regulators of cell growth and differentiation; however, their specific prognostic impact in human colon cancer has only been studied to limited extent. We aimed to assess the prognostic significance of specific STAT expression patterns in colon carcinoma. METHODS Protein expression patterns of activated STAT1, STAT3, STAT4, and STAT5 in human colon carcinoma tissue and corresponding healthy mucosa (n = 104) were assessed using multiplex bead-based immunoassay technologies. Expression patterns were correlated with clinical and survival data. Immunohistochemistry was performed to assess spatial expression of STAT3 and STAT5. RESULTS STAT3 was underexpressed whereas STAT4 and STAT5 were overexpressed in colon carcinoma tissue. Primary tumors from patients with distant metastases (M1) displayed significantly increased expression of STAT1 and STAT3 but decreased expression of STAT4 and STAT5. Increased tumor expression of STAT1 or STAT3 was associated with impaired patient survival, whereas increased expression of STAT4 or STAT5 correlated with improved survival. Multivariate analysis identified an increased STAT3/STAT5 expressional ratio as an adverse prognostic marker in colon cancer patients. CONCLUSIONS The tumor progression-associated transcription factors STAT3, STAT4, and STAT5 are differently expressed in colon carcinoma tissue and colon mucosa. Moreover, the STAT3/STAT5 expression ratio is an independent prognostic marker in colon cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fee Klupp
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Diers
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Kahlert
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lena Neumann
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Niels Halama
- National Center for Tumor Diseases, Medical Oncology, and Internal Medicine VI, Tissue Imaging and Analysis Center, Bioquant, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Clemens Franz
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Schmidt
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felix Lasitschka
- Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Tissue Bank of the National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Arne Warth
- Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Juergen Weitz
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic, and Vascular Surgery, University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Moritz Koch
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic, and Vascular Surgery, University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Schneider
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Alexis Ulrich
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Yu LJ, Wang B, Parobchak N, Roche N, Rosen T. STAT3 cooperates with the non-canonical NF-κB signaling to regulate pro-labor genes in the human placenta. Placenta 2015; 36:581-6. [PMID: 25771405 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2015.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Our recent studies have shown that constitutively activated non-canonical RelB/NF-κB2 (p52) in the human placenta positively regulates the pro-labor genes CRH and COX-2. STAT3 regulates NF-κB2 (p100) processing to active p52, and in turn, nuclear activation of RelB/p52, by directly binding to p100/p52 in a variety of cancer cells. In the current study, we tested the hypothesis that STAT3 is involved in regulation of pro-labor genes by associating with RelB/p52 heterodimers in the human placenta. METHODS We used a variety of techniques including immunohistochemical staining, gene silencing, ectopic expression, chromatin immunoprecipitation, Western blot, RT-qPCR, and immunofluorescence assays in primary culture of cytotrophoblast and placental tissues. RESULTS We found that knockdown of STAT3 led to down-regulation of both CRH and COX-2 in a dose-dependent manner. By using chromatin immunoprecipitation, we further showed that interaction of RelB with the CRH or COX-2 gene promoters decreased when STAT3 was depleted. Immunofluorescence demonstrated co-localization of STAT3 with RelB or p100/p52 in both the cytoplasm and nucleus of term cytotrophoblasts. DISCUSSION Collectively, these results suggest that STAT3 constitutes part of the RelB/p52-containing activator complex that positively regulates pro-labor genes in the human placenta.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L J Yu
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - B Wang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
| | - N Parobchak
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - N Roche
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Women's Health, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - T Rosen
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Dutta P, Sabri N, Li J, Li WX. Role of STAT3 in lung cancer. JAKSTAT 2015; 3:e999503. [PMID: 26413424 DOI: 10.1080/21623996.2014.999503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer remains a challenging disease. It is responsible for the high cancer mortality rates in the US and worldwide. Elucidation of the molecular mechanisms operative in lung cancer is an important first step in developing effective therapies. Accumulating evidence over the last 2 decades suggests a critical role for Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3) as a point of convergence for various signaling pathways that are dysregulated in the disease. In this review, we discuss possible molecular mechanisms involving STAT3 in lung tumorigenesis based on recent literature. We consider possible roles of STAT3 in cancer cell proliferation and survival, in the tumor immune environment, and in epigenetic regulation and interaction of STAT3 with other transcription factors. We also discuss the potential role of STAT3 in tumor suppression, which complicates strategies of targeting STAT3 in cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pranabananda Dutta
- Department of Medicine; University of California, San Diego ; La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Nafiseh Sabri
- Department of Medicine; University of California, San Diego ; La Jolla, CA USA ; Department of Chemistry & Molecular Biology; University of Gothenburg ; Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jinghong Li
- Department of Medicine; University of California, San Diego ; La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Willis X Li
- Department of Medicine; University of California, San Diego ; La Jolla, CA USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Wang SW, Hu J, Guo QH, Zhao Y, Cheng JJ, Zhang DS, Fei Q, Li J, Sun YM. AZD1480, a JAK inhibitor, inhibits cell growth and survival of colorectal cancer via modulating the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Oncol Rep 2014; 32:1991-8. [PMID: 25216185 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-6 and the downstream Janus kinase (JAK)/signal activator of transcription (STAT) pathway have been found to be important in the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). To develop novel therapies for CRC, we have explored the effects of a novel small-molecule JAK inhibitor (AZD1480) on IL-6/JAK/STAT3 pathway and its potential antitumor activity on the human CRC cell lines (HCT116, HT29 and SW480). The results showed that, AZD1480 effectively prevents constitutive and IL-6-induced JAK2 and STAT-3 phosphorylation and exerted antitumor functional effects by a decrease in proliferation and an increase in apoptosis in CRC cells. The inhibition of tumorigenesis was consistent with the decreased phosphorylated JAK2 and phosphorylated STAT3, and the decreased expression of STAT3‑targeted genes c-Myc, cyclin D2 and IL-6. Thus, AZD1480 is a potential new clinical therapeutic agent for patients with CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Wei Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Jun Hu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Qin-Hao Guo
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Jie-Jing Cheng
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Dong-Sheng Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Fei
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Yue-Ming Sun
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Yu J, Wang Y, Yan F, Zhang P, Li H, Zhao H, Yan C, Yan F, Ren X. Noncanonical NF-κB activation mediates STAT3-stimulated IDO upregulation in myeloid-derived suppressor cells in breast cancer. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2014; 193:2574-86. [PMID: 25063873 PMCID: PMC4719564 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1400833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy for cancer treatment is achieved through the activation of competent immune effector cells and the inhibition of immunosuppressive cells, such as myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). Although MDSCs have been shown to contribute to breast cancer development, the mechanism underlying MDSC-mediated immunosuppression is unclear. We have identified a poorly differentiated MDSC subset in breast cancer-suppressing T cell function through STAT3-dependent IDO upregulation. In this study we investigated the mechanisms underlying aberrant expression of IDO in MDSCs. MDSCs were induced by coculturing human CD33(+) myeloid progenitors with MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Increased STAT3 activation in MDSCs was correlated with activation of the noncanonical NF-κB pathway, including increased NF-κB-inducing kinase (NIK) protein level, phosphorylation of cytoplasmic inhibitor of NF-κB kinase α and p100, and RelB-p52 nuclear translocation. Blocking STAT3 activation with the small molecule inhibitor JSI-124 significantly inhibited the accumulation of NIK and IDO expression in MDSCs. Knockdown of NIK in MDSCs suppressed IDO expression but not STAT3 activation. RelB-p52 dimers were found to directly bind to the IDO promoter, leading to IDO expression in MDSCs. IL-6 was found to stimulate STAT3-dependent, NF-κB-mediated IDO upregulation in MDSCs. Furthermore, significant positive correlation between the numbers of pSTAT3(+) MDSCs, IDO(+) MDSCs, and NIK(+) MDSCs was observed in human breast cancers. These results demonstrate a STAT3/NF-κB/IDO pathway in breast cancer-derived MDSCs, which provides insight into understanding immunosuppressive mechanisms of MDSCs in breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinpu Yu
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, People's Republic of China;
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Yan
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, People's Republic of China; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232; and
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, People's Republic of China
| | - Cihui Yan
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Yan
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiubao Ren
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, People's Republic of China; Biotherapy Center, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Cui Y, Nadiminty N, Liu C, Lou W, Schwartz CT, Gao AC. Upregulation of glucose metabolism by NF-κB2/p52 mediates enzalutamide resistance in castration-resistant prostate cancer cells. Endocr Relat Cancer 2014; 21:435-42. [PMID: 24659479 PMCID: PMC4021715 DOI: 10.1530/erc-14-0107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells reprogram their metabolic pathways to facilitate fast proliferation. Previous studies have shown that overexpression of NF-κB2/p52 (p52) in prostate cancer cells promotes cell growth and leads to castration resistance through aberrant activation of androgen receptor (AR). In addition, these cells become resistant to enzalutamide. In this study, we investigated the effects of p52 activation on glucose metabolism and on response to enzalutamide therapy. Data analysis of gene expression arrays showed that genes including GLUT1 (SLC2A1), PKM2, G6PD, and ME1 involved in the regulation of glucose metabolism were altered in LNCaP cells overexpressing p52 compared with the parental LNCaP cells. We demonstrated an increased amount of glucose flux in the glycolysis pathway, as well as the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) upon p52 activation. The p52-overexpressing cells increase glucose uptake and are capable of higher ATP and lactate production compared with the parental LNCaP cells. The growth of p52-overexpressing cells depends on glucose in the culture media and is sensitive to glucose deprivation compared with the parental LNCaP cells. Targeting glucose metabolism by the glucose analog 2-deoxy-d-glucose synergistically inhibits cell growth when combined with enzalutamide, and resensitizes p52-overexpressing cells to enzalutamide treatment. These results suggest that p52 modulates glucose metabolism, enhances glucose flux to glycolysis and PPPs, thus facilitating fast proliferation of the cells. Co-targeting glucose metabolism together with AR axis synergistically inhibits cell growth and restores enzalutamide-resistant cells to enzalutamide treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Cui
- Department of Urology, University of California Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Chengfei Liu
- Department of Urology, University of California Davis, CA, USA
| | - Wei Lou
- Department of Urology, University of California Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Allen C. Gao
- Department of Urology, University of California Davis, CA, USA
- UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, CA, USA
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: Department of Urology University of California Davis Medical Center 4645 2 Ave, Research III, Suite 1300 Sacramento, CA 95817
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Zhong L, Yang Q, Xie W, Zhou J. Liver X receptor regulates mouse GM-CSF-derived dendritic cell differentiation in vitro. Mol Immunol 2014; 60:32-43. [PMID: 24747959 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2014.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Revised: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Liver X receptors (LXRs) are nuclear receptors that play an essential role in lipid and cholesterol metabolism. Emerging studies indicate a potential function for LXRs in regulating dendritic cell (DC)-dependent immune responses; however, the role of LXRs in DC differentiation is largely unknown. Here, we report that LXRα regulates the differentiation of mouse GM-CSF-derived DCs. Activation or overexpression of LXRα significantly enhanced myeloid DC differentiation from mouse bone marrow (BM) cells, while siRNA-mediated knockdown of LXRα suppressed DC differentiation. In addition, we demonstrated that LXR agonist-programmed DCs showed an increased capacity for stimulating T-cell proliferation. Mechanistic studies showed that activation of LXR could inhibit the phosphorylation of STAT3 and downregulate the expression of its target, S100A9, an important negative regulator of myeloid DC differentiation. We also found that Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibition interfered with the effect of LXR on STAT3 signaling via acetylation of STAT3. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays confirmed that LXR activation and HDAC inhibition balanced the recruitment of STAT3 to the S100A9 promoter, which involved distinct post-translational modifications of STAT3. In conclusion, our observations demonstrated a novel role for LXRα in GM-CSF-derived DC differentiation and revealed the underlying mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Limei Zhong
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Quan Yang
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Wen Xie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Pharmacogenetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jie Zhou
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Chinese Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Alvira CM. Nuclear factor-kappa-B signaling in lung development and disease: one pathway, numerous functions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 100:202-16. [PMID: 24639404 PMCID: PMC4158903 DOI: 10.1002/bdra.23233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Revised: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
In contrast to other organs, the lung completes a significant portion of its development after term birth. During this stage of alveolarization, division of the alveolar ducts into alveolar sacs by secondary septation, and expansion of the pulmonary vasculature by means of angiogenesis markedly increase the gas exchange surface area of the lung. However, postnatal completion of growth renders the lung highly susceptible to environmental insults such as inflammation that disrupt this developmental program. This is particularly evident in the setting of preterm birth, where impairment of alveolarization causes bronchopulmonary dysplasia, a chronic lung disease associated with significant morbidity. The nuclear factor κ-B (NFκB) family of transcription factors are ubiquitously expressed, and function to regulate diverse cellular processes including proliferation, survival, and immunity. Extensive evidence suggests that activation of NFκB is important in the regulation of inflammation and in the control of angiogenesis. Therefore, NFκB-mediated downstream effects likely influence the lung response to injury and may also mediate normal alveolar development. This review summarizes the main biologic functions of NFκB, and highlights the regulatory mechanisms that allow for diversity and specificity in downstream gene activation. This is followed by a description of the pro and anti-inflammatory functions of NFκB in the lung, and of NFκB-mediated angiogenic effects. Finally, this review summarizes the clinical and experimental data that support a role for NFκB in mediating postnatal angiogenesis and alveolarization, and discusses the challenges that remain in developing therapies that can selectively block the detrimental functions of NFκB yet preserve the beneficial effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina M Alvira
- Division of Critical Care Medicine Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Genetic Interactions of STAT3 and Anticancer Drug Development. Cancers (Basel) 2014; 6:494-525. [PMID: 24662938 PMCID: PMC3980611 DOI: 10.3390/cancers6010494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Revised: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) plays critical roles in tumorigenesis and malignant evolution and has been intensively studied as a therapeutic target for cancer. A number of STAT3 inhibitors have been evaluated for their antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo in experimental tumor models and several approved therapeutic agents have been reported to function as STAT3 inhibitors. Nevertheless, most STAT3 inhibitors have yet to be translated to clinical evaluation for cancer treatment, presumably because of pharmacokinetic, efficacy, and safety issues. In fact, a major cause of failure of anticancer drug development is lack of efficacy. Genetic interactions among various cancer-related pathways often provide redundant input from parallel and/or cooperative pathways that drives and maintains survival environments for cancer cells, leading to low efficacy of single-target agents. Exploiting genetic interactions of STAT3 with other cancer-related pathways may provide molecular insight into mechanisms of cancer resistance to pathway-targeted therapies and strategies for development of more effective anticancer agents and treatment regimens. This review focuses on functional regulation of STAT3 activity; possible interactions of the STAT3, RAS, epidermal growth factor receptor, and reduction-oxidation pathways; and molecular mechanisms that modulate therapeutic efficacies of STAT3 inhibitors.
Collapse
|
49
|
Svinka J, Mikulits W, Eferl R. STAT3 in hepatocellular carcinoma: new perspectives. Hepat Oncol 2014; 1:107-120. [PMID: 30190945 PMCID: PMC6114013 DOI: 10.2217/hep.13.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic liver damage and inflammation are strong promoters of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) formation. HCC cells communicate with inflammatory and stromal cells via cytokine/chemokine signals. These heterotypic interactions inhibit immunologic anticancer activities and promote protumorigenic activities, such as angiogenesis or invasiveness. STAT3 mediates several reciprocal interactions between liver cancer cells and stromal cells and modulates preconditions of tumor formation such as chronic inflammation. Therefore, activation of STAT3 is considered as a tumor-promoting event in HCC formation. However, the oncogenic role of STAT3 in cancers has been challenged by several reports that suggest a tumor-suppressive activity. Here we discuss tumor-promoting and tumor-suppressive effects of cytokine-activated STAT3 in HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Svinka
- Medical University Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center, Institute for Cancer Research, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Mikulits
- Medical University Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center, Institute for Cancer Research, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert Eferl
- Medical University Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center, Institute for Cancer Research, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Song P, Zhou Y, Coughlan KA, Dai X, Xu H, Viollet B, Zou MH. Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase-α2 deficiency promotes vascular smooth muscle cell migration via S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 upregulation and E-cadherin downregulation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2013; 33:2800-9. [PMID: 24115035 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.113.301869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Abnormal proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are critical events in the progression of several vasculopathologies. Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has been shown to play a pivotal role in cellular proliferation and migration. However, the roles of AMPK in VSMC migration and its underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. APPROACH AND RESULTS VSMC migration and the neointima formation were studied in cultured mouse VSMCs or in carotid artery ligation of wild-type C57BL/6J mice, AMPKα2, AMPKα1 homozygous-deficient (AMPKα2(-/-), AMPKα1(-/-)) mice. Deletion of AMPKα2, but not AMPKα1, led to increased phosphorylation of both IкB kinase α and its downstream target nuclear factor кB2/p100 at serine 866/870. Consequently, phosphor-p100 at S866/870 bound with E3 ubiquitin ligase β-transducin repeat-containing protein resulting in the proteolytic processing of the p100 precursor and nuclear factor кB2/p52 induction. Interestingly, acetylation of histone H3 at lysine 56 mediated by histone deacetylase-3 reduction was enhanced significantly in AMPKα2(-/-) VSMCs compared with wild-type or AMPKα1(-/-) VSMCs. Moreover, the augmented association of p52/acetylation of histone H3 at lysine 56 with the promoter of ubiquitin E3 ligase, S-phase kinase-associated protein 2, was shown in AMPKα2(-/-) VSMCs by chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. Furthermore, AMPKα2 deletion caused S-phase kinase-associated protein 2-mediated E-cadherin downregulation. S-Phase kinase-associated protein 2 siRNA abolished the increased migration of AMPKα2(-/-) VSMCs via E-cadherin upregulation. Finally, neointima formation after ligation of carotid artery was increased in AMPKα2(-/-), but not AMPKα1(-/-), mice. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that deletion of AMPKα2 causes aberrant VSMC migration with accelerated neointima formation in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Song
- From the Section of Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK (P.S., Y.Z., K.A.C., X.D., H.X., M.-H.Z.); College of Medicine, Hubei, Province Key Laboratory on Cardiovascular, Cerebrovascular, and Metabolic Disorders, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei, China (Y.Z.); College of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China (H.X.); Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, CNRS (UMR 8104), Paris, France (B.V.); and INSERM, U1016, Paris, France (B.V.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|