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Marmisolle FE, Borniego MB, Cambiagno DA, Gonzalo L, García ML, Manavella PA, Hernández C, Reyes CA. Citrus psorosis virus 24K protein inhibits the processing of miRNA precursors by interacting with components of the biogenesis machinery. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0351323. [PMID: 38785434 PMCID: PMC11218507 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03513-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) is one of the most important fruit crops worldwide. Virus infections in this crop can interfere with cellular processes, causing dramatic economic losses. By performing RT-qPCR analyses, we demonstrated that citrus psorosis virus (CPsV)-infected orange plants exhibited higher levels of unprocessed microRNA (miRNA) precursors than healthy plants. This result correlated with the reported reduction of mature miRNAs species. The protein 24K, the CPsV suppressor of RNA silencing (VSR), interacts with miRNA precursors in vivo. Thus, this protein becomes a candidate responsible for the increased accumulation of unprocessed miRNAs. We analyzed 24K RNA-binding and protein-protein interaction domains and described patterns of its subcellular localization. We also showed that 24K colocalizes within nuclear D-bodies with the miRNA biogenesis proteins DICER-LIKE 1 (DCL1), HYPONASTIC LEAVES 1 (HYL1), and SERRATE (SE). According to the results of bimolecular fluorescence complementation and co-immunoprecipitation assays, the 24K protein interacts with HYL1 and SE. Thus, 24K may inhibit miRNA processing in CPsV-infected citrus plants by direct interaction with the miRNA processing complex. This work contributes to the understanding of how a virus can alter the regulatory mechanisms of the host, particularly miRNA biogenesis and function.IMPORTANCESweet oranges can suffer from disease symptoms induced by virus infections, thus resulting in drastic economic losses. In sweet orange plants, CPsV alters the accumulation of some precursors from the regulatory molecules called miRNAs. This alteration leads to a decreased level of mature miRNA species. This misregulation may be due to a direct association of one of the viral proteins (24K) with miRNA precursors. On the other hand, 24K may act with components of the cell miRNA processing machinery through a series of predicted RNA-binding and protein-protein interaction domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Facundo E. Marmisolle
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, CCT-La Plata, CONICET-UNLP, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María B. Borniego
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, CCT-La Plata, CONICET-UNLP, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Damián A. Cambiagno
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Lucia Gonzalo
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - María L. García
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, CCT-La Plata, CONICET-UNLP, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo A. Manavella
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Carmen Hernández
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, CSIC-UPV, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carina A. Reyes
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, CCT-La Plata, CONICET-UNLP, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Adegbola RO, Keith CV, Gutierrez O, Goenaga R, Brown JK. Complete genome characterization of cacao leafroll virus, a newly described cacao-infecting polerovirus. Arch Virol 2024; 169:83. [PMID: 38521887 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-024-06013-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
The complete genome sequence of cacao leafroll virus (CaLRV; family Solemoviridae, genus Polerovirus) was determined by high-throughput sequencing of total RNA isolated from symptomatic cacao Theobroma cacao L. plants (n = 4). The CaLRV genome sequences ranged from 5,976 to 5,997 nucleotides (nt) in length and contained seven open reading frames (ORFs). Nucleotide and amino acid (aa) sequence comparisons showed that, among selected well-characterized poleroviruses, the CaLRV genome shared the highest nt sequence identity of 62% with that of potato leafroll virus (PLRV, NC_076505). A comparison of the predicted aa sequence of the CaLRV coat protein indicated that cotton leafroll dwarf virus (CLRDV, NC_014545) and melon aphid-borne yellows virus (MABYV, NC_010809) were the closest relatives, sharing 57% aa sequence identity. Bayesian phylogenetic analysis based on complete genome sequences showed that CaLRV grouped with well-characterized poleroviruses that cause diseases of cereal and vegetable crops. During the course of publishing this work, the nearly complete genome sequence of a member of the same polerovirus species, referred to as "cacao polerovirus" (OR605721), with which CaLRV shares 99% nt sequence identity, was reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael O Adegbola
- School of Plant Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Cory V Keith
- School of Plant Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Osman Gutierrez
- USDA-ARS Subtropical Horticultural Research Station, Miami, FL, 33158, USA
| | - Ricardo Goenaga
- USDA-ARS Tropical Agriculture Research Station, Mayaguez, PR, 00680, USA
| | - Judith K Brown
- School of Plant Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.
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3
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Sun H, Jing X, Wang C, Wang P, Huang Z, Sun B, Li P, Li H, Zhang C. The Great Game between Plants and Viruses: A Focus on Protein Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12582. [PMID: 37628763 PMCID: PMC10454472 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant viruses are tiny pathogenic obligate parasites that cause significant damage to global crop production. They exploit and manipulate the cellular components of host plants to ensure their own survival. In response, plants activate multiple defense signaling pathways, such as gene silencing and plant hormone signaling, to hinder virus propagation. Growing evidence suggests that the regulation of protein homeostasis plays a vital role in the ongoing battle between plants and viruses. The ubiquitin-proteasome-degradation system (UPS) and autophagy, as two major protein-degradation pathways, are widely utilized by plants and viruses in their arms race. One the one hand, these pathways act as essential components of plant's antiviral defense system by facilitating the degradation of viral proteins; on the other hand, viruses exploit the UPS and autophagy to create a favorable intracellular environment for viral infection. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the events involved in protein homeostasis regulation during viral infection in plants. Gaining knowledge in this area will enhance our understanding of the complex interplay between plants and viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangjun Sun
- The Engineering Research Center for Plant Health Protection Technology in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xinxin Jing
- The Engineering Research Center for Plant Health Protection Technology in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Chaonan Wang
- The Engineering Research Center for Plant Health Protection Technology in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Pengyue Wang
- The Engineering Research Center for Plant Health Protection Technology in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Ziting Huang
- The Engineering Research Center for Plant Health Protection Technology in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Bingjian Sun
- The Engineering Research Center for Plant Health Protection Technology in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Pengbai Li
- The Engineering Research Center for Plant Health Protection Technology in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Honglian Li
- The Engineering Research Center for Plant Health Protection Technology in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- The Engineering Research Center for Plant Health Protection Technology in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
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Liang KL, Liu JY, Bao YY, Wang ZY, Xu XB. Screening and Identification of Host Factors Interacting with the Virulence Factor P0 Encoded by Sugarcane Yellow Leaf Virus by Yeast Two-Hybrid Assay. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1397. [PMID: 37510302 PMCID: PMC10379860 DOI: 10.3390/genes14071397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Sugarcane yellow leaf virus (SCYLV), a member of the genus Polerovirus in the family Luteoviridae, causes severe damage and represents a great threat to sugarcane cultivation and sugar industry development. In this study, inoculation of Nicotiana benthamiana plants with a potato virus X (PVX)-based vector carrying the SCYLV P0 gene induced typical mosaic, leaf rolling symptoms and was associated with a hypersensitive-like response (HLR) necrosis symptom, which is accompanied with a systemic burst of H2O2 and also leads to higher PVX viral genome accumulation levels. Our results demonstrate that SCYLV P0 is a pathogenicity determinant and plays important roles in disease development. To further explore its function in pathogenic processes, a yeast two-hybrid assay was performed to screen the putative P0-interacting host factors. The recombinant plasmid pGBKT7-P0 was constructed as a bait and transformed into the yeast strain Y2HGold. The ROC22 cultivar (an important parental resource of the main cultivar in China) cDNA prey library was constructed and screened by co-transformation with the P0 bait. We identified 28 potential interacting partners including those involved in the optical signal path, plant growth and development, transcriptional regulation, host defense response, and viral replication. To our knowledge, this is the first time we have reported the host proteins interacting with the P0 virulence factor encoded by sugarcane yellow leaf virus. This study not only provides valuable insights into elucidating the molecular mechanism of the pathogenicity of SCYLV, but also sheds light on revealing the probable new pathogenesis of Polerovirus in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Li Liang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Jing-Ying Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Ying-Ying Bao
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Xiong-Biao Xu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
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5
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Edula SR, Bag S, Milner H, Kumar M, Suassuna ND, Chee PW, Kemerait RC, Hand LC, Snider JL, Srinivasan R, Roberts PM. Cotton leafroll dwarf disease: An enigmatic viral disease in cotton. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2023; 24:513-526. [PMID: 37038256 PMCID: PMC10189767 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
TAXONOMY Cotton leafroll dwarf virus (CLRDV) is a member of the genus Polerovirus, family Solemoviridae. Geographical Distribution: CLRDV is present in most cotton-producing regions worldwide, prominently in North and South America. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES The virion is a nonenveloped icosahedron with T = 3 icosahedral lattice symmetry that has a diameter of 26-34 nm and comprises 180 molecules of the capsid protein. The CsCl buoyant density of the virion is 1.39-1.42 g/cm3 and S20w is 115-127S. Genome: CLRDV shares genomic features with other poleroviruses; its genome consists of monopartite, single-stranded, positive-sense RNA, is approximately 5.7-5.8 kb in length, and is composed of seven open reading frames (ORFs) with an intergenic region between ORF2 and ORF3a. TRANSMISSION CLRDV is transmitted efficiently by the cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii Glover) in a circulative and nonpropagative manner. Host: CLRDV has a limited host range. Cotton is the primary host, and it has also been detected in different weeds in and around commercial cotton fields in Georgia, USA. SYMPTOMS Cotton plants infected early in the growth stage exhibit reddening or bronzing of foliage, maroon stems and petioles, and drooping. Plants infected in later growth stages exhibit intense green foliage with leaf rugosity, moderate to severe stunting, shortened internodes, and increased boll shedding/abortion, resulting in poor boll retention. These symptoms are variable and are probably influenced by the time of infection, plant growth stage, varieties, soil health, and geographical location. CLRDV is also often detected in symptomless plants. CONTROL Vector management with the application of chemical insecticides is ineffective. Some host plant varieties grown in South America are resistant, but all varieties grown in the United States are susceptible. Integrated disease management strategies, including weed management and removal of volunteer stalks, could reduce the abundance of virus inoculum in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sudeep Bag
- Department of Plant PathologyUniversity of GeorgiaTiftonGeorgiaUSA
| | - Hayley Milner
- Department of Plant PathologyUniversity of GeorgiaTiftonGeorgiaUSA
| | - Manish Kumar
- Department of Plant PathologyUniversity of GeorgiaTiftonGeorgiaUSA
| | | | - Peng W. Chee
- Institute of Plant, Breeding, Genetics, and GenomicsUniversity of GeorgiaTiftonGeorgiaUSA
| | | | - Lavesta C. Hand
- Department of Crop and Soil SciencesUniversity of GeorgiaTiftonGeorgiaUSA
| | - John L. Snider
- Department of Crop and Soil SciencesUniversity of GeorgiaTiftonGeorgiaUSA
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6
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Cai L, Dang M, Yang Y, Mei R, Li F, Tao X, Palukaitis P, Beckett R, Miller WA, Gray SM, Xu Y. Naturally occurring substitution of an amino acid in a plant virus gene-silencing suppressor enhances viral adaptation to increasing thermal stress. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011301. [PMID: 37011127 PMCID: PMC10101640 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cereal yellow dwarf virus (CYDV-RPV) encodes a P0 protein that functions as a viral suppressor of RNA silencing (VSR). The strength of silencing suppression is highly variable among CYDV-RPV isolates. In this study, comparison of the P0 sequences of CYDV-RPV isolates and mutational analysis identified a single C-terminal amino acid that influenced P0 RNA-silencing suppressor activity. A serine at position 247 was associated with strong suppressor activity, whereas a proline at position 247 was associated with weak suppressor activity. Amino acid changes at position 247 did not affect the interaction of P0 with SKP1 proteins from Hordeum vulgare (barley) or Nicotiana benthamiana. Subsequent studies found P0 proteins containing a P247 residue were less stable than the P0 proteins containing an S247 residue. Higher temperatures contributed to the lower stability and in planta and the P247 P0 proteins were subject to degradation via the autophagy-mediated pathway. A P247S amino acid residue substitution in P0 increased CYDV-RPV replication after expression in agroinfiltrated plant leaves and increased viral pathogenicity of P0 generated from the heterologous Potato virus X expression vector system. Moreover, an S247 CYDV-RPV could outcompete the P247 CYDV-RPV in a mixed infection in natural host at higher temperature. These traits contributed to increased transmission by aphid vectors and could play a significant role in virus competition in warming climates. Our findings underscore the capacity of a plant RNA virus to adapt to climate warming through minor genetic changes in gene-silencing suppressor, resulting in the potential for disease persistence and prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Cai
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Mingqing Dang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yawen Yang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ruoxin Mei
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Fan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaorong Tao
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Peter Palukaitis
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Seoul Women's University, Nowon-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Randy Beckett
- Department of Plant Pathology, Entomology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - W Allen Miller
- Department of Plant Pathology, Entomology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Stewart M Gray
- Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, School of Integrated Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
- Emerging Pests and Pathogens Research Unit, USDA, ARS, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu Province, China
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Vidal AH, Lacorte C, Sanches MM, Alves-Freitas DMT, Abreu EFM, Pinheiro-Lima B, Rosa RCC, Jesus ON, Campos MA, Felix GP, Abreu ACR, Santos YS, Lacerda ALM, Varsani A, Melo FL, Ribeiro SG. Characterization of Cucurbit Aphid-Borne Yellows Virus (CABYV) from Passion Fruit in Brazil: Evidence of a Complex of Species within CABYV Isolates. Viruses 2023; 15:v15020410. [PMID: 36851624 PMCID: PMC9965994 DOI: 10.3390/v15020410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
High-throughput sequencing (HTS) has been an important tool for the discovery of plant viruses and their surveillance. In 2015, several virus-like symptoms were observed in passion fruit (PF) plants in Bahia state, Brazil. Using HTS technology, bioinformatics tools, RT-PCR, and Sanger sequencing, we identified the cucurbit aphid-borne yellows virus (CABYV, Polerovirus, Solemoviridae) in co-infection with cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (CABMV, Potyvirus, Potyviridae) in PF, in green manure, and spontaneous plants in several localities in Bahia. Complete genomes of CABYV-PF isolates were determined and analyzed with other CABYV isolates available in GenBank that have been identified in various countries. Phylogenetic analysis and pairwise identity comparison with CABYV isolates showed that CABYV-PFs are more closely related to French and Spanish isolates. Overall, analyses of all the CABYV genomes revealed that these could represent ten distinct species, and we thus proposed reclassifying these CABYV as isolates into ten species, tentatively named "Polerovirus curcubitaeprimum" to "Polerovirus curcubitaenonum", and "Polerovirus melo". CABYV-PF is a member of "Polerovirus curcubitaeprimum".
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreza H. Vidal
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília 70770-917, DF, Brazil
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas—IB, PPG BIOMOL, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - Cristiano Lacorte
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília 70770-917, DF, Brazil
| | - Marcio M. Sanches
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília 70770-917, DF, Brazil
- Embrapa Gado de Corte, Campo Grande 79106-550, MS, Brazil
| | | | | | - Bruna Pinheiro-Lima
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília 70770-917, DF, Brazil
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas—IB, PPG BIOMOL, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, DF, Brazil
| | | | - Onildo N. Jesus
- Embrapa Mandioca e Fruticultura, Cruz das Almas 44380-000, BA, Brazil
| | - Magnólia A. Campos
- Centro de Educação e Saúde, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Cuité 58175-000, PB, Brazil
| | - Gustavo P. Felix
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília 70770-917, DF, Brazil
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas—IB, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - Ana Clara R. Abreu
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília 70770-917, DF, Brazil
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas—IB, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - Yam S. Santos
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília 70770-917, DF, Brazil
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Arvind Varsani
- The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Center for Evolution and Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Fernando L. Melo
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas—IB, PPG BIOMOL, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, DF, Brazil
| | - Simone G. Ribeiro
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília 70770-917, DF, Brazil
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas—IB, PPG BIOMOL, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, DF, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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8
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Systematic mutagenesis of Polerovirus protein P0 reveals distinct and overlapping amino acid functions in Nicotiana glutinosa. Virology 2023; 578:24-34. [PMID: 36462495 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2022.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The protein P0 serves as the viral suppressor of RNA silencing (VSR) for poleroviruses, but elicits the hypersensitive response (HR) in specific Nicotiana species. We subjected P0 proteins from turnip yellows virus (P0Tu) and potato leafroll virus (P0PL) to serial deletion and performed extensive site-directed mutagenesis of P0Tu. Most deletions of the N-terminus and many substitution mutations disrupted both HR elicitation and VSR activity. Two conserved blocks of amino acid residues were found to be associated with HR. A double lysine to arginine substitution in HR-specific block 1 caused P0Tu to elicit a more robust HR. Conversely, deletion or mutation of block 2 in the C-terminus preserved VSR activity, but impaired HR elicitation, allowing virus escape from Nicotiana glutinosa resistance when expressed in the heterologous potato virus X vector. Our observations suggest that P0 residues responsible for suppressing RNA silencing and eliciting HR have overlapping, but distinct functions.
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Assessment of the RNA Silencing Suppressor Activity of Protein P0 of Pepper Vein Yellows Virus 5: Uncovering Natural Variability, Relevant Motifs and Underlying Mechanism. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11121801. [PMID: 36552310 PMCID: PMC9775047 DOI: 10.3390/biology11121801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pepper vein yellows virus 5 (PeVYV-5) belongs to a group of emerging poleroviruses (family Solemoviridae) which pose a risk to pepper cultivation worldwide. Since its first detection in Spain in 2013 and the determination of the complete genome sequence of an isolate in 2018, little is known on the presence, genomic variation and molecular properties of this pathogen. As other members of genus Polerovirus, PeVYV-5 encodes a P0 protein that was predicted to act as viral suppressor of RNA silencing (VSR), one of the major antiviral defense mechanisms in plants. The results of the present work have indicated that PeVYV-5 P0 is a potent VSR, which is able to induce the degradation of Argonaute (AGO) endonucleases, the main effectors of RNA silencing. New viral isolates have been identified in samples collected in 2020-2021 and sequencing of their P0 gene has revealed limited heterogeneity, suggesting that the protein is under negative selection. Analysis of natural and engineered P0 variants has pinpointed distinct protein motifs as critical for the VSR role. Moreover, a positive correlation between the VSR activity of the protein and its capability to promote AGO degradation could be established, supporting that such activity essentially relies on the clearance of core components of the RNA silencing machinery.
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10
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Complete genome sequence of a novel polerovirus infecting chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Arch Virol 2022; 167:2783-2788. [PMID: 36269414 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-022-05581-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The complete genome sequence of a novel polerovirus identified in chickpea (C. arietinum L.) is presented. Its sequence was assembled using small RNA sequencing and assembly (sRSA) and confirmed by RT-PCR, 5' and 3' RACE, and Sanger sequencing. According to the current ICTV sequence demarcation criterion of greater than 10% amino acid (aa) sequence divergence in all gene products when compared to other poleroviruses, the newly identified polerovirus should be classified as a member of a new species, and we propose the name "chickpea leafroll virus" (CpLRV) for this virus. The genome of CpLRV is 5,770 nucleotides (nt) long and is organized into seven open reading frames (ORFs), designated as ORF0, ORF1, ORF2, ORF3a, ORF3, ORF4, and ORF5, which code for putative P0, P1, P1-P2, P3a, P3, P4, and P3-P5 proteins, respectively. The 5' untranslated region (UTR) consists of 27 nt, starting with the conserved sequence 5'-ACAAAA-3', which is typical of poleroviruses, while the 3' UTR consists of 229 nt. Phylogenetic analysis based on the aa sequences of P0, P1, P1-P2, P3, P4, and P3-P5 showed that CpLRV clustered with members of the genus Polerovirus and is closely related to chickpea chlorotic stunt virus (CpCSV) and faba bean polerovirus 1 (FBPV1). Recombination analysis suggested that CpLRV is a recombinant of two unknown viruses that share the highest nucleotide sequence similarity with FBPV1 (76.9% identity) and suakwa aphid-borne yellows virus (SAbYV) (64.8% identity). The putative recombination event was identified in the 5' region of the CpLRV genome, the region that encodes proteins P0, P1, and P1-P2. This is the first report of a polerovirus infecting chickpea in Mexico.
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Farooq T, Hussain MD, Shakeel MT, Riaz H, Waheed U, Siddique M, Shahzadi I, Aslam MN, Tang Y, She X, He Z. Global genetic diversity and evolutionary patterns among Potato leafroll virus populations. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1022016. [PMID: 36590416 PMCID: PMC9801716 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1022016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Potato leafroll virus (PLRV) is a widespread and one of the most damaging viral pathogens causing significant quantitative and qualitative losses in potato worldwide. The current knowledge of the geographical distribution, standing genetic diversity and the evolutionary patterns existing among global PLRV populations is limited. Here, we employed several bioinformatics tools and comprehensively analyzed the diversity, genomic variability, and the dynamics of key evolutionary factors governing the global spread of this viral pathogen. To date, a total of 84 full-genomic sequences of PLRV isolates have been reported from 22 countries with most genomes documented from Kenya. Among all PLRV-encoded major proteins, RTD and P0 displayed the highest level of nucleotide variability. The highest percentage of mutations were associated with RTD (38.81%) and P1 (31.66%) in the coding sequences. We detected a total of 10 significantly supported recombination events while the most frequently detected ones were associated with PLRV genome sequences reported from Kenya. Notably, the distribution patterns of recombination breakpoints across different genomic regions of PLRV isolates remained variable. Further analysis revealed that with exception of a few positively selected codons, a major part of the PLRV genome is evolving under strong purifying selection. Protein disorder prediction analysis revealed that CP-RTD had the highest percentage (48%) of disordered amino acids and the majority (27%) of disordered residues were positioned at the C-terminus. These findings will extend our current knowledge of the PLRV geographical prevalence, genetic diversity, and evolutionary factors that are presumably shaping the global spread and successful adaptation of PLRV as a destructive potato pathogen to geographically isolated regions of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahir Farooq
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Plant Protection Research Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Guangzhou, China
| | - Muhammad Dilshad Hussain
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology, and Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory for Pest Monitoring and Green Management, Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Muhammad Taimoor Shakeel
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture & Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Hasan Riaz
- Institute of Plant Protection, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Ummara Waheed
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Maria Siddique
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Irum Shahzadi
- Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Naveed Aslam
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture & Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Yafei Tang
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Plant Protection Research Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoman She
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Plant Protection Research Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Xiaoman She, ; Zifu He,
| | - Zifu He
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Plant Protection Research Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Xiaoman She, ; Zifu He,
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Umar M, Tegg RS, Farooq T, Thangavel T, Wilson CR. Abundance of Poleroviruses within Tasmanian Pea Crops and Surrounding Weeds, and the Genetic Diversity of TuYV Isolates Found. Viruses 2022; 14:1690. [PMID: 36016314 PMCID: PMC9416036 DOI: 10.3390/v14081690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Polerovirus contains positive-sense, single-stranded RNA plant viruses that cause significant disease in many agricultural crops, including vegetable legumes. This study aimed to identify and determine the abundance of Polerovirus species present within Tasmanian pea crops and surrounding weeds that may act as virus reservoirs. We further sought to examine the genetic diversity of TuYV, the most commonly occurring polerovirus identified. Pea and weed samples were collected during 2019-2020 between October and January from thirty-four sites across three different regions (far northwest, north, and midlands) of Tasmania and tested by RT-PCR assay, with selected samples subject to next-generation sequencing. Results revealed that the presence of polerovirus infection and the prevalence of TuYV in both weeds and pea crops varied across the three Tasmanian cropping regions, with TuYV infection levels in pea crops ranging between 0 and 27.5% of tested plants. Overall, two species members from each genus, Polerovirus and Potyvirus, one member from each of Luteovirus, Potexvirus, and Carlavirus, and an unclassified virus from the family Partitiviridae were also found as a result of NGS data analysis. Analysis of gene sequences of the P0 and P3 genes of Tasmanian TuYV isolates revealed substantial genetic diversity within the collection, with a few isolates appearing more closely aligned with BrYV isolates. Questions remain around the differentiation of TuYV and BrYV species. Phylogenetic inconsistency in the P0 and P3 ORFs supports the concept that recombination may have played a role in TuYV evolution in Tasmania. Results of the evolutionary analysis showed that the selection pressure was higher in the P0 gene than in the P3 gene, and the majority of the codons for each gene are evolving under purifying selection. Future full genome-based analyses of the genetic variations will expand our understanding of the evolutionary patterns existing among TuYV populations in Tasmania.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Umar
- New Town Research Laboratories, Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, 13 St. Johns Avenue, New Town, Hobart, TAS 7008, Australia; (M.U.); (R.S.T.); (T.T.)
| | - Robert S. Tegg
- New Town Research Laboratories, Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, 13 St. Johns Avenue, New Town, Hobart, TAS 7008, Australia; (M.U.); (R.S.T.); (T.T.)
| | - Tahir Farooq
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China;
| | - Tamilarasan Thangavel
- New Town Research Laboratories, Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, 13 St. Johns Avenue, New Town, Hobart, TAS 7008, Australia; (M.U.); (R.S.T.); (T.T.)
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries (Queensland), Bundaberg Research Facility, 49 Ashfield Road, Bundaberg, QLD 4670, Australia
| | - Calum R. Wilson
- New Town Research Laboratories, Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, 13 St. Johns Avenue, New Town, Hobart, TAS 7008, Australia; (M.U.); (R.S.T.); (T.T.)
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Xu T, Lei L, Fu Y, Yang X, Luo H, Chen X, Wu X, Wang Y, Jia MA. Molecular Characterization of a Novel Polerovirus Infecting Soybean in China. Viruses 2022; 14:v14071428. [PMID: 35891408 PMCID: PMC9322011 DOI: 10.3390/v14071428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Poleroviruses are positive-sense, single-stranded viruses. In this study, we describe the identification of a novel polerovirus isolated from soybean displaying curled leaves. The complete viral genome sequence was identified using high-throughput sequencing and confirmed using rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE), RT-PCR and Sanger sequencing. Its genome organization is typical of the members of genus Polerovirus, containing seven putative open reading frames (ORFs). The full genome is composed of single-stranded RNA of 5822 nucleotides in length, with the highest nucleotide sequence identity (79.07% with 63% coverage) for cowpea polerovirus 2 (CPPV2). Amino acid sequence identities of the protein products between the virus and its relatives are below the threshold determined by the International Committee of Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) for species demarcation, and this strongly supports this virus’ status as a novel species, for which the name soybean chlorotic leafroll virus (SbCLRV) is proposed. Recombination analysis identified a recombination event in the ORF5 of the 3’ portion in the genome. Phylogenetic analyses of the genome and encoded protein sequences revealed that the new virus is closely related to phasey bean mild yellows virus, CPPV2 and siratro latent polerovirus. Subsequently, we demonstrated the infectivity of SbCLRV in Nicotiana benthamiana via infectious cDNA clone generation and agroinoculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengzhi Xu
- Institute of Crop Protection, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (T.X.); (Y.F.); (X.Y.); (H.L.); (X.C.); (X.W.)
| | - Lei Lei
- Guizhou Rapeseed Institute, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550008, China;
| | - Yong Fu
- Institute of Crop Protection, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (T.X.); (Y.F.); (X.Y.); (H.L.); (X.C.); (X.W.)
| | - Xiaolan Yang
- Institute of Crop Protection, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (T.X.); (Y.F.); (X.Y.); (H.L.); (X.C.); (X.W.)
| | - Hao Luo
- Institute of Crop Protection, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (T.X.); (Y.F.); (X.Y.); (H.L.); (X.C.); (X.W.)
| | - Xiangru Chen
- Institute of Crop Protection, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (T.X.); (Y.F.); (X.Y.); (H.L.); (X.C.); (X.W.)
| | - Xiaomao Wu
- Institute of Crop Protection, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (T.X.); (Y.F.); (X.Y.); (H.L.); (X.C.); (X.W.)
| | - Yaqin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Correspondence: (Y.W.); (M.-a.J.)
| | - Meng-ao Jia
- Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Sciences, Guiyang 550001, China
- Correspondence: (Y.W.); (M.-a.J.)
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Hacquard T, Clavel M, Baldrich P, Lechner E, Pérez-Salamó I, Schepetilnikov M, Derrien B, Dubois M, Hammann P, Kuhn L, Brun D, Bouteiller N, Baumberger N, Vaucheret H, Meyers BC, Genschik P. The Arabidopsis F-box protein FBW2 targets AGO1 for degradation to prevent spurious loading of illegitimate small RNA. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110671. [PMID: 35417704 PMCID: PMC9035678 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA silencing is a conserved mechanism in eukaryotes involved in development and defense against viruses. In plants, ARGONAUTE1 (AGO1) protein plays a central role in both microRNA- and small interfering RNA-directed silencing, and its expression is regulated at multiple levels. Here, we report that the F-box protein FBW2 assembles an SCF complex that selectively targets for proteolysis AGO1 when it is unloaded and mutated. Although FBW2 loss of function does not lead to strong growth or developmental defects, it significantly increases RNA-silencing activity. Interestingly, under conditions in which small-RNA accumulation is affected, the failure to degrade AGO1 in fbw2 mutants becomes more deleterious for the plant. Accordingly, the non-degradable AGO1 protein assembles high-molecular-weight complexes and binds illegitimate small RNA, leading to off-target cleavage. Therefore, control of AGO1 homeostasis by FBW2 plays an important role in quality control of RNA silencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibaut Hacquard
- Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 12, rue du Général Zimmer, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Marion Clavel
- Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 12, rue du Général Zimmer, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Esther Lechner
- Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 12, rue du Général Zimmer, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Imma Pérez-Salamó
- Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 12, rue du Général Zimmer, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Mikhail Schepetilnikov
- Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 12, rue du Général Zimmer, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Benoît Derrien
- Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 12, rue du Général Zimmer, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Marieke Dubois
- Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 12, rue du Général Zimmer, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Philippe Hammann
- Plateforme Protéomique Strasbourg Esplanade du CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Lauriane Kuhn
- Plateforme Protéomique Strasbourg Esplanade du CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Danaé Brun
- Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 12, rue du Général Zimmer, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Nathalie Bouteiller
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Nicolas Baumberger
- Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 12, rue du Général Zimmer, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Hervé Vaucheret
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Blake C Meyers
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, Saint Louis 63132, MO, USA; Division of Plant Science and Technology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Pascal Genschik
- Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 12, rue du Général Zimmer, 67084 Strasbourg, France.
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Liu L, Ren Q, Peng B, Kang B, Wu H, Gu Q. Construction of an Agrobacterium-mediated infectious cDNA clone of melon aphid-borne yellows virus. Virus Res 2022; 315:198779. [PMID: 35427675 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2022.198779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Melon aphid-borne yellows virus (MABYV), a member of the genus Polerovirus in the family Solemoviridae, has widely spread in recent years and cause yellowing disease on cucurbits. Here, we obtained the complete genome sequence of MABYV bottle guard (Lagenaria siceraria) isolate MABYV-KF, and constructed its infectious cDNA clone under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter by Gibson assembly. The 5,677 nt of its genome shared more than 94.00% sequence identity with the two known MABYV isolates. The inoculation results showed that MABYV infectious cDNA clone could systemically infect bottle guard, cucumber and muskmelon plants, and cause typical yellowing symptom. The virus progeny from the infectious clone could be transmitted between bottle guard plants by aphid. Further analyses revealed that point mutations in the F-box-like motif (Pro57) and C-terminal conserved sequence (Phe211) of P0 cause low viral accumulations in systematic leaves and failed to induce symptom. The infectious clone will be potentially a tool in the investigation of viral pathogenesis, virus-virus interaction and virus-host/-vector interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Liu
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Fruit and Cucurbit Biology, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, Henan, China
| | - Qian Ren
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Fruit and Cucurbit Biology, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, Henan, China
| | - Bin Peng
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Fruit and Cucurbit Biology, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, Henan, China
| | - Baoshan Kang
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Fruit and Cucurbit Biology, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, Henan, China
| | - Huijie Wu
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Fruit and Cucurbit Biology, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, Henan, China
| | - Qinsheng Gu
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Fruit and Cucurbit Biology, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, Henan, China.
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Jin L, Chen M, Xiang M, Guo Z. RNAi-Based Antiviral Innate Immunity in Plants. Viruses 2022; 14:v14020432. [PMID: 35216025 PMCID: PMC8875485 DOI: 10.3390/v14020432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple antiviral immunities were developed to defend against viral infection in hosts. RNA interference (RNAi)-based antiviral innate immunity is evolutionarily conserved in eukaryotes and plays a vital role against all types of viruses. During the arms race between the host and virus, many viruses evolve viral suppressors of RNA silencing (VSRs) to inhibit antiviral innate immunity. Here, we reviewed the mechanism at different stages in RNAi-based antiviral innate immunity in plants and the counteractions of various VSRs, mainly upon infection of RNA viruses in model plant Arabidopsis. Some critical challenges in the field were also proposed, and we think that further elucidating conserved antiviral innate immunity may convey a broad spectrum of antiviral strategies to prevent viral diseases in the future.
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Zhang X, Rashid MO, Zhao TY, Li YY, He MJ, Wang Y, Li DW, Yu JL, Han CG. The Carboxyl Terminal Regions of P0 Protein Are Required for Systemic Infections of Poleroviruses. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1945. [PMID: 35216065 PMCID: PMC8875975 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23041945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
P0 proteins encoded by poleroviruses Brassica yellows virus (BrYV) and Potato leafroll virus (PLRV) are viral suppressors of RNA silencing (VSR) involved in abolishing host RNA silencing to assist viral infection. However, other roles that P0 proteins play in virus infection remain unclear. Here, we found that C-terminal truncation of P0 resulted in compromised systemic infection of BrYV and PLRV. C-terminal truncation affected systemic but not local VSR activities of P0 proteins, but neither transient nor ectopic stably expressed VSR proteins could rescue the systemic infection of BrYV and PLRV mutants. Moreover, BrYV mutant failed to establish systemic infection in DCL2/4 RNAi or RDR6 RNAi plants, indicating that systemic infection might be independent of the VSR activity of P0. Partially rescued infection of BrYV mutant by the co-infected PLRV implied the functional conservation of P0 proteins within genus. However, although C-terminal truncation mutant of BrYV P0 showed weaker interaction with its movement protein (MP) when compared to wild-type P0, wild-type and mutant PLRV P0 showed similar interaction with its MP. In sum, our findings revealed the role of P0 in virus systemic infection and the requirement of P0 carboxyl terminal region for the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (X.Z.); (M.-O.R.); (Y.-Y.L.); (M.-J.H.); (Y.W.); (D.-W.L.); (J.-L.Y.)
| | - Mamun-Or Rashid
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (X.Z.); (M.-O.R.); (Y.-Y.L.); (M.-J.H.); (Y.W.); (D.-W.L.); (J.-L.Y.)
| | - Tian-Yu Zhao
- China National Center for Biotechnology Development, Beijing 100039, China;
| | - Yuan-Yuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (X.Z.); (M.-O.R.); (Y.-Y.L.); (M.-J.H.); (Y.W.); (D.-W.L.); (J.-L.Y.)
| | - Meng-Jun He
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (X.Z.); (M.-O.R.); (Y.-Y.L.); (M.-J.H.); (Y.W.); (D.-W.L.); (J.-L.Y.)
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (X.Z.); (M.-O.R.); (Y.-Y.L.); (M.-J.H.); (Y.W.); (D.-W.L.); (J.-L.Y.)
| | - Da-Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (X.Z.); (M.-O.R.); (Y.-Y.L.); (M.-J.H.); (Y.W.); (D.-W.L.); (J.-L.Y.)
| | - Jia-Lin Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (X.Z.); (M.-O.R.); (Y.-Y.L.); (M.-J.H.); (Y.W.); (D.-W.L.); (J.-L.Y.)
| | - Cheng-Gui Han
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (X.Z.); (M.-O.R.); (Y.-Y.L.); (M.-J.H.); (Y.W.); (D.-W.L.); (J.-L.Y.)
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LaTourrette K, Holste NM, Garcia-Ruiz H. Polerovirus genomic variation. Virus Evol 2021; 7:veab102. [PMID: 35299789 PMCID: PMC8923251 DOI: 10.1093/ve/veab102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The polerovirus (family Solemoviridae, genus Polerovirus) genome consists of single-, positive-strand RNA organized in overlapping open reading frames (ORFs) that, in addition to others, code for protein 0 (P0, a gene silencing suppressor), a coat protein (CP, ORF3), and a read-through domain (ORF5) that is fused to the CP to form a CP-read-through (RT) protein. The genus Polerovirus contains twenty-six virus species that infect a wide variety of plants from cereals to cucurbits, to peppers. Poleroviruses are transmitted by a wide range of aphid species in the genera Rhopalosiphum, Stiobion, Aphis, and Myzus. Aphid transmission is mediated both by the CP and by the CP-RT. In viruses, mutational robustness and structural flexibility are necessary for maintaining functionality in genetically diverse sets of host plants and vectors. Under this scenario, within a virus genome, mutations preferentially accumulate in areas that are determinants of host adaptation or vector transmission. In this study, we profiled genomic variation in poleroviruses. Consistent with their multifunctional nature, single-nucleotide variation and selection analyses showed that ORFs coding for P0 and the read-through domain within the CP-RT are the most variable and contain the highest frequency of sites under positive selection. An order/disorder analysis showed that protein P0 is not disordered. In contrast, proteins CP-RT and virus protein genome-linked (VPg) contain areas of disorder. Disorder is a property of multifunctional proteins with multiple interaction partners. The results described here suggest that using contrasting mechanisms, P0, VPg, and CP-RT mediate adaptation to host plants and to vectors and are contributors to the broad host and vector range of poleroviruses. Profiling genetic variation across the polerovirus genome has practical applications in diagnostics, breeding for resistance, and identification of susceptibility genes and contributes to our understanding of virus interactions with their host, vectors, and environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine LaTourrette
- Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 4240 Fair Street, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 406 Plant Science Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
- Complex Biosystems Interdisciplinary Life Sciences Program, Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 2200 Vine Street, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Natalie M Holste
- Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 4240 Fair Street, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 406 Plant Science Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Hernan Garcia-Ruiz
- Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 4240 Fair Street, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 406 Plant Science Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
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19
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Peng H, Dong X, Lu H, Kong X, Zha X, Wang Y. A putative F-box-domain-encoding gene AOL_s00076g207 regulates the development and pathogenicity of Arthrobotrys oligospora. J Basic Microbiol 2021; 62:74-81. [PMID: 34843126 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202100388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
F-box protein is a key component of the Skp1-cullin-F-box-type ubiquitin ligase complex (SCF-ULC) that marks its target proteins with ubiquitin for proteasomal degradation. In this study, we explored the potential role of AOL_s00076g207 (Aog207) in Arthrobotrys oligospora, a model fungus for studying nematodes-fungi interactions. The Aog207 gene encodes a putative F-box protein of the SCF-ULC. Deletion of Aog207 could inhibit mycelial growth in TYGA and PDA media. More importantly, the conidial germination rate of ΔAog207 mutants was remarkably declined compared to that of wild-type (WT) strain, and the mutant strains were more sensitive toward chemical stressors than the WT strain. In addition, ΔAog207 mutants generated fewer traps and captured fewer nematodes than WT strain. In summary, Aog207 disruption significantly affected the pathogenicity, mycelial growth, conidial germination, environmental adaptation and trap formation of A. oligospora. These findings may facilitate a better understanding of the nematode predation mechanism of A. oligospora and provide an experimental basis for developing biological control agents against nematodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Peng
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xinyuan Dong
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hengqian Lu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaowei Kong
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiangdong Zha
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yongzhong Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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20
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Clavel M, Lechner E, Incarbone M, Vincent T, Cognat V, Smirnova E, Lecorbeiller M, Brault V, Ziegler-Graff V, Genschik P. Atypical molecular features of RNA silencing against the phloem-restricted polerovirus TuYV. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:11274-11293. [PMID: 34614168 PMCID: PMC8565345 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In plants and some animal lineages, RNA silencing is an efficient and adaptable defense mechanism against viruses. To counter it, viruses encode suppressor proteins that interfere with RNA silencing. Phloem-restricted viruses are spreading at an alarming rate and cause substantial reduction of crop yield, but how they interact with their hosts at the molecular level is still insufficiently understood. Here, we investigate the antiviral response against phloem-restricted turnip yellows virus (TuYV) in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Using a combination of genetics, deep sequencing, and mechanical vasculature enrichment, we show that the main axis of silencing active against TuYV involves 22-nt vsiRNA production by DCL2, and their preferential loading into AGO1. Moreover, we identify vascular secondary siRNA produced from plant transcripts and initiated by DCL2-processed AGO1-loaded vsiRNA. Unexpectedly, and despite the viral encoded VSR P0 previously shown to mediate degradation of AGO proteins, vascular AGO1 undergoes specific post-translational stabilization during TuYV infection. Collectively, our work uncovers the complexity of antiviral RNA silencing against phloem-restricted TuYV and prompts a re-assessment of the role of its suppressor of silencing P0 during genuine infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Clavel
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Esther Lechner
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Marco Incarbone
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Timothée Vincent
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Valerie Cognat
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Ekaterina Smirnova
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Maxime Lecorbeiller
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Véronique Ziegler-Graff
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Pascal Genschik
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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21
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Comparative Analysis of Biological Characteristics among P0 Proteins from Different Brassica Yellows Virus Genotypes. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10111076. [PMID: 34827069 PMCID: PMC8614689 DOI: 10.3390/biology10111076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Polerovirus P0 proteins are multifunctional proteins. Besides their viral suppressor of RNA silencing (VSR) functions, several P0 proteins can induce a cell death phenotype within the infiltrated region of Nicotiana benthamiana or Nicotiana glutinosa. Recently, the Brassica yellows virus (BrYV) genotype A P0 protein (P0BrA) was identified as a strong viral suppressor of RNAi. In this study, we compared the features of the P0 proteins encoded by different genotypes of BrYV and revealed their difference in inducing cell death in N. benthamiana. Key residues in P0BrA for inducing cell death were also identified. We also showed that all three BrYV genotypes had synergistic interaction with PEMV 2 in N. benthamiana. This study provides theoretical guidance for controlling the viral disease caused by poleroviruses in the future. Abstract Brassica yellows virus (BrYV) is a tentative species of the genus Polerovirus, which has at least three genotypes (A, B, and C) in China. The P0 protein of BrYV-A (P0BrA) has been identified as a viral suppressor of RNA silencing (VSR), which can also induce cell death in infiltrated Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. In this study, we demonstrated that the cell death induced by P0BrA was accompanied by the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increased Pathogenesis-related protein genes-1 (PR1) expression. Meanwhile, this cell death phenotype was delayed by salicylic acid (SA) pretreatment. Biological function comparison of the three P0 proteins showed that transiently expressed P0BrB or P0BrC induced a significantly delayed and milder cell death response compared with P0BrA. However, like P0BrA, they also suppressed local and systemic RNA silencing. Six residues of P0BrA essential for inducing cell death were identified by comparative analysis and amino acid substitution assay. We also show that all three BrYV genotypes have synergistic interactions with pea enation mosaic virus 2 (PEMV 2) in N. benthamiana. This study provides theoretical guidance for controlling the viral disease caused by poleroviruses in the future.
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22
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Wang L, Tian P, Yang X, Zhou X, Zhang S, Li C, Yang X, Liu Y. Key Amino Acids for Pepper Vein Yellows Virus P0 Protein Pathogenicity, Gene Silencing, and Subcellular Localization. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:680658. [PMID: 34589062 PMCID: PMC8475269 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.680658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pepper vein yellows virus (PeVYV) is a newly recognized Polerovirus extracted from Chinese pepper. The symptoms of PeVYV-infested pepper plants comprise intervein yellow staining, leaf curl formation and other malformations, and leaf internodal shrinkage, but the roles of the viral proteins remain undetermined. The P0 protein of the genus Polerovirus has established post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) activity. This investigation focused on the PeVYV-encoded P0 protein and assessed its potential virulence capacity, PTGS activity, and tendencies to localize in the nucleus. This study revealed that P0 influenced the pathogenic properties of a specific heterologous potato virus X. In addition, P0 proteins impaired local gene silencing, although they did not regulate generalized gene silencing within Nicotiana benthamiana 16c plants. Furthermore, P0 proteins localized mainly in the nucleus, particularly in the nucleolus. P0 deletion mutagenesis demonstrated that the F-box motif (56–72 amino acids, AAs) of P0 was essential for symptom determination, inhibition of PTGS, and subcellular localization. Mutation analysis of the F-box motif of P0 protein indicated that AA 57 of the P0 protein was a pivotal site in symptom development and that AA 56 of the P0 protein was indispensable for inhibiting PTGS and subcellular localization. The outcomes obtained here suggest that further studies should be conducted on the molecular mechanisms of amino acids of the F-box domain of P0 protein in the interaction of PeVYV with plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lishuang Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Plant Protection, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, China
| | - Peijie Tian
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiuling Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Xueping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Songbai Zhang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Chun Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, China
| | - Xuehui Yang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, China
| | - Yong Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Plant Protection, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
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23
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Liu S, Wang C, Liu X, Navas-Castillo J, Zang L, Fan Z, Zhu X, Zhou T. Tomato chlorosis virus-encoded p22 suppresses auxin signalling to promote infection via interference with SKP1-Cullin-F-box TIR1 complex assembly. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:3155-3172. [PMID: 34105183 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Phytohormone auxin plays a fundamental role in plant growth and defense against pathogens. However, how auxin signalling is regulated during virus infection in plants remains largely unknown. Auxin/indole-3-acetic acid (Aux/IAA) is the repressor of auxin signalling and can be recognized by an F-box protein transport inhibitor response 1 (TIR1). Ubiquitination and degradation of Aux/IAA by SKP1-Cullin-F-boxTIR1 (SCFTIR1 ) complex can trigger auxin signalling. Here, with an emerging important plant virus worldwide, we showed that tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) infection or stable transgenic overexpression of its p22 protein does not alter auxin accumulation level but significantly decreases the expression of auxin signalling-responsive genes, suggesting that p22 can attenuate host auxin signalling. Further, p22 could bind the C-terminal of SKP1.1 and compete with TIR1 to interfere with the SCFTIR1 complex assembly, leading to a suppression of Aux/IAA degradation. Silencing and over-expression assays suggested that both NbSKP1.1 and NbTIR1 suppress ToCV accumulation and disease symptoms. Altogether, ToCV p22 disrupts the auxin signalling through destabilizing SCFTIR1 by interacting with the C-terminal of NbSKP1.1 to promote ToCV infection. Our findings uncovered a previously unknown molecular mechanism employed by a plant virus to manipulate SCF complex-mediated ubiquitin pathway and to reprogram auxin signalling for efficient infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology, and Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory for Pest Monitoring and Green Management, Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Cuilin Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Xuedong Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology, and Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory for Pest Monitoring and Green Management, Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jesús Navas-Castillo
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - Universidad de Málaga (IHSM-CSIC-UMA), Málaga, Spain
| | - Lianyi Zang
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Zaifeng Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology, and Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory for Pest Monitoring and Green Management, Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoping Zhu
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology, and Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory for Pest Monitoring and Green Management, Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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24
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Tabassum A, Bag S, Suassuna ND, Conner KN, Chee P, Kemerait RC, Roberts P. Genome analysis of cotton leafroll dwarf virus reveals variability in the silencing suppressor protein, genotypes and genomic recombinants in the USA. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252523. [PMID: 34232966 PMCID: PMC8262794 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cotton leafroll dwarf virus (CLRDV) is an emerging virus in cotton production in Georgia and several other Southeastern states in the USA. To better understand the genetic diversity of the virus population, the near complete genome sequences of six isolates from Georgia and one from Alabama were determined. The isolates sequenced were 5,866 nucleotides with seven open reading frames (ORFs). The isolates from Georgia were >94% identical with other isolates from the USA and South America. In the silencing suppressor protein (P0), at amino acid position 72, the isolates from Georgia and Alabama had a valine (V), similar to resistant-breaking 'atypical' genotypes in South America, while the Texas isolate had isoleucine (I), similar to the more aggressive 'typical' genotypes of CLRDV. At position 120, arginine (R) is unique to Georgia and China isolates, but absent in Alabama, Texas and South American isolates. Ten potential recombinant events were detected in the isolates sequenced. An increased understanding of CLRDV population structure and genetic diversity will help develop management strategies for CLRDV in the USA cotton belt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsha Tabassum
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Tifton, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Sudeep Bag
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Tifton, Georgia, United States of America
| | | | - Kassie N. Conner
- Alabama Cooperative Extension System, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Peng Chee
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics and Genomics, University of Georgia, Tifton, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Robert C. Kemerait
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Tifton, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Phillip Roberts
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Tifton, Georgia, United States of America
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25
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Dubiella U, Serrano I. The Ubiquitin Proteasome System as a Double Agent in Plant-Virus Interactions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10050928. [PMID: 34066628 PMCID: PMC8148538 DOI: 10.3390/plants10050928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitin proteasome is a rapid, adaptive mechanism for selective protein degradation, crucial for proper plant growth and development. The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) has also been shown to be an integral part of plant responses to stresses, including plant defence against pathogens. Recently, significant progress has been made in the understanding of the involvement of the UPS in the signalling and regulation of the interaction between plants and viruses. This review aims to discuss the current knowledge about the response of plant viral infection by the UPS and how the viruses counteract this system, or even use it for their own benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ullrich Dubiella
- KWS SAAT SE & Co. KGaA, Grimsehlstraße 31, 37574 Einbeck, Germany;
| | - Irene Serrano
- Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Georg-August-University Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Correspondence:
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26
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Genetic diversity and recombination between turnip yellows virus strains in Australia. Arch Virol 2021; 166:813-829. [PMID: 33481112 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04931-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Disease outbreaks caused by turnip yellows virus (TuYV), a member of the genus Polerovirus, family Luteoviridae, regularly occur in canola and pulse crops throughout Australia. To understand the genetic diversity of TuYV for resistance breeding and management, genome sequences of 28 TuYV isolates from different hosts and locations were determined using high-throughput sequencing (HTS). We aimed to identify the parts of the genome that were most variable and clarify the taxonomy of viruses related to TuYV. Poleroviruses contain seven open reading frames (ORFs): ORF 0-2, 3a, and 3-5. Phylogenetic analysis based on the genome sequences, including isolates of TuYV and brassica yellows virus (BrYV) from the GenBank database, showed that most genetic variation among isolates occurred in ORF 5, followed by ORF 0 and ORF 3a. Phylogenetic analysis of ORF 5 revealed three TuYV groups; P5 group 1 and group 3 shared 45-49% amino acid sequence identity, and group 2 is a recombinant between the other two. Phylogenomic analysis of the concatenated ORFs showed that TuYV is paraphyletic with respect to BrYV, and together these taxa form a well-supported monophyletic group. Our results support the hypothesis that TuYV and BrYV belong to the same species and that the phylogenetic topologies of ORF 0, 3a and 5 are incongruent and may not be informative for species demarcation. A number of beet western yellow virus (BWYV)- and TuYV-associated RNAs (aRNA) were also identified by HTS for the first time in Australia.
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27
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Holkar SK, Balasubramaniam P, Kumar A, Kadirvel N, Shingote PR, Chhabra ML, Kumar S, Kumar P, Viswanathan R, Jain RK, Pathak AD. Present Status and Future Management Strategies for Sugarcane Yellow Leaf Virus: A Major Constraint to the Global Sugarcane Production. THE PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL 2020; 36:536-557. [PMID: 33312090 PMCID: PMC7721539 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.rw.09.2020.0183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Sugarcane yellow leaf virus (SCYLV) is a distinct member of the Polerovirus genus of the Luteoviridae family. SCYLV is the major limitation to sugarcane production worldwide and presently occurring in most of the sugarcane growing countries. SCYLV having high genetic diversity within the species and presently ten genotypes are known to occur based on the complete genome sequence information. SCYLV is present in almost all the states of India where sugarcane is grown. Virion comprises of 180 coat protein units and are 24-29 nm in diameter. The genome of SCYLV is a monopartite and comprised of single-stranded (ss) positive-sense (+) linear RNA of about 6 kb in size. Virus genome consists of six open reading frames (ORFs) that are expressed by sub-genomic RNAs. The SCYLV is phloem-limited and transmitted by sugarcane aphid Melanaphis sacchari in a circulative and non-propagative manner. The other aphid species namely, Ceratovacuna lanigera, Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominalis, and R. maidis also been reported to transmit the virus. The virus is not transmitted mechanically, therefore, its transmission by M. sacchari has been studied in different countries. SCYLV has a limited natural host range and mainly infect sugarcane (Sachharum hybrid), grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), and Columbus grass (Sorghum almum). Recent insights in the protein-protein interactions of Polerovirus through protein interaction reporter (PIR) technology enable us to understand viral encoded proteins during virus replication, assembly, plant defence mechanism, short and long-distance travel of the virus. This review presents the recent understandings on virus biology, diagnosis, genetic diversity, virus-vector and host-virus interactions and conventional and next generation management approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somnath Kadappa Holkar
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Biological Control Centre, Pravaranagar, Maharashtra 43 72, India
| | | | - Atul Kumar
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Biological Control Centre, Pravaranagar, Maharashtra 43 72, India.,Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Lucknow Campus, Lucknow 226 010, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nithya Kadirvel
- Division of Crop Protection, ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore 61 007, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Manohar Lal Chhabra
- ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Regional Centre, Karnal, Haryana 13 001, India
| | - Shubham Kumar
- ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Regional Centre, Karnal, Haryana 13 001, India
| | - Praveen Kumar
- ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Regional Centre, Karnal, Haryana 13 001, India
| | - Rasappa Viswanathan
- Division of Crop Protection, ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore 61 007, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Jain
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi 110 012, India
| | - Ashwini Dutt Pathak
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Lucknow 226 002, Uttar Pradesh, India
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28
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Liu Y, Dong Y, Chen X, Zang Y, Liu J, Ren G, Xu P. Sequencing and phylogenetic characterization of a novel Polerovirus from Nicotiana tabacum. Virus Genes 2020; 56:657-661. [PMID: 32734508 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-020-01782-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we reported the complete genome of a novel Polerovirus, named Tobacco yellow virus (TYV), which can be transmitted by Myzus persicae. TYV had a single-stranded RNA genome of 5735 nucleotides in length and contained six putative open reading frames (ORFs). Phylogenetic analysis with whole genome nucleotide sequences and amino acid sequences deduced from the conserved domain of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, clustered TYV with Potato leafroll virus from the genus Polerovirus with high bootstrap values. However, TYV clustered with Brassica yellow virus using amino acid sequences deduced from the conserved domain of the coat protein. Taken together with the identities between ORFs in TYV and related ORFs in species from Polerovirus, our results strongly suggested TYV is a novel species of the genus Polerovirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring Controlling & Integrated Management, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yonghao Dong
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring Controlling & Integrated Management, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring Controlling & Integrated Management, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Yun Zang
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring Controlling & Integrated Management, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Jinyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring Controlling & Integrated Management, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Guangwei Ren
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring Controlling & Integrated Management, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China.
| | - Pengjun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Pest Monitoring Controlling & Integrated Management, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China.
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29
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Sun Q, Zhuo T, Zhao T, Zhou C, Li Y, Wang Y, Li D, Yu J, Han C. Functional Characterization of RNA Silencing Suppressor P0 from Pea Mild Chlorosis Virus. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7136. [PMID: 32992609 PMCID: PMC7582759 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
To counteract host antiviral RNA silencing, plant viruses encode numerous viral suppressors of RNA silencing (VSRs). P0 proteins have been identified as VSRs in many poleroviruses. However, their suppressor function has not been fully characterized. Here, we investigated the function of P0 from pea mild chlorosis virus (PMCV) in the suppression of local and systemic RNA silencing via green fluorescent protein (GFP) co-infiltration assays in wild-type and GFP-transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana (line 16c). Amino acid deletion analysis showed that N-terminal residues Asn 2 and Val 3, but not the C-terminus residues from 230-270 aa, were necessary for PMCV P0 (P0PM) VSR activity. P0PM acted as an F-box protein, and triple LPP mutation (62LPxx79P) at the F-box-like motif abolished its VSR activity. In addition, P0PM failed to interact with S-phase kinase-associated protein 1 (SKP1), which was consistent with previous findings of P0 from potato leafroll virus. These data further support the notion that VSR activity of P0 is independent of P0-SKP1 interaction. Furthermore, we examined the effect of P0PM on ARGONAUTE1 (AGO1) protein stability, and co-expression analysis showed that P0PM triggered AGO1 degradation. Taken together, our findings suggest that P0PM promotes degradation of AGO1 to suppress RNA silencing independent of SKP1 interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Sun
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China;
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (T.Z.); (T.Z.); (C.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.); (D.L.); (J.Y.)
| | - Tao Zhuo
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (T.Z.); (T.Z.); (C.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.); (D.L.); (J.Y.)
| | - Tianyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (T.Z.); (T.Z.); (C.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.); (D.L.); (J.Y.)
| | - Cuiji Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (T.Z.); (T.Z.); (C.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.); (D.L.); (J.Y.)
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (T.Z.); (T.Z.); (C.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.); (D.L.); (J.Y.)
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (T.Z.); (T.Z.); (C.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.); (D.L.); (J.Y.)
| | - Dawei Li
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (T.Z.); (T.Z.); (C.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.); (D.L.); (J.Y.)
| | - Jialin Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (T.Z.); (T.Z.); (C.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.); (D.L.); (J.Y.)
| | - Chenggui Han
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (T.Z.); (T.Z.); (C.Z.); (Y.L.); (Y.W.); (D.L.); (J.Y.)
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Bolus S, Malapi-Wight M, Grinstead SC, Fuentes-Bueno I, Hendrickson L, Hammond RW, Mollov D. Identification and characterization of Miscanthus yellow fleck virus, a new polerovirus infecting Miscanthus sinensis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239199. [PMID: 32941541 PMCID: PMC7498013 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Miscanthus sinensis is a grass used for sugarcane breeding and bioenergy production. Using high throughput sequencing technologies, we identified a new viral genome in infected M. sinensis leaf tissue displaying yellow fleck symptoms. This virus is most related to members of the genus Polerovirus in the family Luteoviridae. The canonical ORFs were computationally identified, the P3 coat protein was expressed, and virus-like particles were purified and found to conform to icosahedral shapes, characteristic of the family Luteoviridae. We propose the name Miscanthus yellow fleck virus for this new virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Bolus
- USDA-ARS, National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Martha Malapi-Wight
- USDA-APHIS-PPQ, Plant Germplasm Quarantine Program, Beltsville, Maryland, United States of America
- USDA-APHIS-BRS, Biotechnology Risk Analysis Programs, Riverdale, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Samuel C. Grinstead
- USDA-ARS, National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Irazema Fuentes-Bueno
- USDA-ARS, National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Leticia Hendrickson
- USDA-APHIS-PPQ, Plant Germplasm Quarantine Program, Beltsville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Rosemarie W. Hammond
- USDA-ARS, Molecular Plant Pathology Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Dimitre Mollov
- USDA-ARS, National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Augustine RC. Editor Profile: Pascal Genschik. THE PLANT CELL 2020; 32:2446-2448. [PMID: 32554623 PMCID: PMC7401022 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.20.00455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
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32
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Devers EA, Brosnan CA, Sarazin A, Albertini D, Amsler AC, Brioudes F, Jullien PE, Lim P, Schott G, Voinnet O. Movement and differential consumption of short interfering RNA duplexes underlie mobile RNA interference. NATURE PLANTS 2020; 6:789-799. [PMID: 32632272 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-020-0687-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
In RNA interference (RNAi), the RNase III Dicer processes long double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) into short interfering RNA (siRNA), which, when loaded into ARGONAUTE (AGO) family proteins, execute gene silencing1. Remarkably, RNAi can act non-cell autonomously2,3: it is graft transmissible4-7, and plasmodesmata-associated proteins modulate its cell-to-cell spread8,9. Nonetheless, the molecular mechanisms involved remain ill defined, probably reflecting a disparity of experimental settings. Among other caveats, these almost invariably cause artificially enhanced movement via transitivity, whereby primary RNAi-target transcripts are converted into further dsRNA sources of secondary siRNA5,10,11. Whether siRNA mobility naturally requires transitivity and whether it entails the same or distinct signals for cell-to-cell versus long-distance movement remains unclear, as does the identity of the mobile signalling molecules themselves. Movement of long single-stranded RNA, dsRNA, free/AGO-bound secondary siRNA or primary siRNA have all been advocated12-15; however, an entity necessary and sufficient for all known manifestations of plant mobile RNAi remains to be ascertained. Here, we show that the same primary RNAi signal endows both vasculature-to-epidermis and long-distance silencing movement from three distinct RNAi sources. The mobile entities are AGO-free primary siRNA duplexes spreading length and sequence independently. However, their movement is accompanied by selective siRNA depletion reflecting the AGO repertoires of traversed cell types. Coupling movement with this AGO-mediated consumption process creates qualitatively distinct silencing territories, potentially enabling unlimited spatial gene regulation patterns well beyond those granted by mere gradients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christopher A Brosnan
- Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | - Pauline E Jullien
- Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Peiqi Lim
- Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
- QIAGEN Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Hyodo K, Okuno T. Hijacking of host cellular components as proviral factors by plant-infecting viruses. Adv Virus Res 2020; 107:37-86. [PMID: 32711734 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aivir.2020.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Plant viruses are important pathogens that cause serious crop losses worldwide. They are obligate intracellular parasites that commandeer a wide array of proteins, as well as metabolic resources, from infected host cells. In the past two decades, our knowledge of plant-virus interactions at the molecular level has exploded, which provides insights into how plant-infecting viruses co-opt host cellular machineries to accomplish their infection. Here, we review recent advances in our understanding of how plant viruses divert cellular components from their original roles to proviral functions. One emerging theme is that plant viruses have versatile strategies that integrate a host factor that is normally engaged in plant defense against invading pathogens into a viral protein complex that facilitates viral infection. We also highlight viral manipulation of cellular key regulatory systems for successful virus infection: posttranslational protein modifications for fine control of viral and cellular protein dynamics; glycolysis and fermentation pathways to usurp host resources, and ion homeostasis to create a cellular environment that is beneficial for viral genome replication. A deeper understanding of viral-infection strategies will pave the way for the development of novel antiviral strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiwamu Hyodo
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan.
| | - Tetsuro Okuno
- Department of Plant Life Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ryukoku University, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
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Ismayil A, Yang M, Liu Y. Role of autophagy during plant-virus interactions. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 101:36-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Avelar S, Ramos-Sobrinho R, Conner K, Nichols RL, Lawrence K, Brown JK. Characterization of the Complete Genome and P0 Protein for a Previously Unreported Genotype of Cotton Leafroll Dwarf Virus, an Introduced Polerovirus in the United States. PLANT DISEASE 2020; 104:780-786. [PMID: 31958248 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-06-19-1316-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Virus-like disease symptoms consisting of leaf cupping, shortened internodes, and overall stunting were observed in commercial cotton fields in Alabama in 2017 to 2018. To determine the complete genome sequence of the suspected causal polerovirus, symptomatic leaf samples were collected in Macon County, Alabama, and subjected to Illumina RNA sequencing. Based on BLASTn analysis, the Illumina contig of 5,771 nt shared the highest nucleotide identity (approximately 95%) with members of the species Cotton leafroll dwarf virus (CLRDV) (genus Polerovirus; family Luteoviridae) from Argentina and Brazil. The full-length viral genome sequence was verified by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR amplification, cloning, and Sanger sequencing. The complete CLRDV genome of 5,865 nt in length shared 94.8 to 95.2% nucleotide identity with six previously reported CLRDV isolates. The genome of the CLRDV isolate amplified from Alabama samples (CLRDV-AL) has seven predicted open reading frames (ORFs). Viral proteins 1 to 5 (P1 to P5) shared 91.9 to 99.5% amino acid identity with the six CLRDV isolates from Argentina and Brazil. However, P0, the suppressor of host gene silencing, shared 82.4 to 88.5% pairwise amino acid identity with the latter CLRDV isolates. Phylogenetic analysis of the seven full-length CLRDV genomes resolved three sister clades: CLRDV-AL, CLRDV-typical, and CLRDV-atypical, respectively. Three recombination events were detected by the recombination detection program among the seven CLRDV isolates with breakpoints occurring along the genome. Pairwise nucleotide identity comparisons of ORF0 sequences for the three CLRDV-AL field isolates indicated that they were >99% identical, suggesting that this previously unknown CLRDV genotype represents a single introduction to Alabama.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Avelar
- School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721
| | | | - Kassie Conner
- Plant Diagnostic Laboratory, Alabama Cooperative Extension System, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849
| | | | - Kathy Lawrence
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849
| | - Judith K Brown
- School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721
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Ziegler-Graff V. Molecular Insights into Host and Vector Manipulation by Plant Viruses. Viruses 2020; 12:v12030263. [PMID: 32121032 PMCID: PMC7150927 DOI: 10.3390/v12030263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant viruses rely on both host plant and vectors for a successful infection. Essentially to simplify studies, transmission has been considered for decades as an interaction between two partners, virus and vector. This interaction has gained a third partner, the host plant, to establish a tripartite pathosystem in which the players can react with each other directly or indirectly through changes induced in/by the third partner. For instance, viruses can alter the plant metabolism or plant immune defence pathways to modify vector’s attraction, settling or feeding, in a way that can be conducive for virus propagation. Such changes in the plant physiology can also become favourable to the vector, establishing a mutualistic relationship. This review focuses on the recent molecular data on the interplay between viral and plant factors that provide some important clues to understand how viruses manipulate both the host plants and vectors in order to improve transmission conditions and thus ensuring their survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Ziegler-Graff
- Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France
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37
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Abd-Hamid NA, Ahmad-Fauzi MI, Zainal Z, Ismail I. Diverse and dynamic roles of F-box proteins in plant biology. PLANTA 2020; 251:68. [PMID: 32072251 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03356-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The SCF complex is a widely studied multi-subunit ring E3 ubiquitin ligase that tags targeted proteins with ubiquitin for protein degradation by the ubiquitin 26S-proteasome system (UPS). The UPS is an important system that generally keeps cellular events tightly regulated by purging misfolded or damaged proteins and selectively degrading important regulatory proteins. The specificity of this post-translational regulation is controlled by F-box proteins (FBPs) via selective recognition of a protein-protein interaction motif at the C-terminal domain. Hence, FBPs are pivotal proteins in determining the plant response in multiple scenarios. It is not surprising that the FBP family is one of the largest protein families in the plant kingdom. In this review, the roles of FBPs, specifically in plants, are compiled to provide insights into their involvement in secondary metabolites, plant stresses, phytohormone signalling, plant developmental processes and miRNA biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur-Athirah Abd-Hamid
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad-Izzat Ahmad-Fauzi
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zamri Zainal
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ismanizan Ismail
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Patton MF, Bak A, Sayre JM, Heck ML, Casteel CL. A polerovirus, Potato leafroll virus, alters plant-vector interactions using three viral proteins. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2020; 43:387-399. [PMID: 31758809 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Potato leafroll virus (PLRV), genus Polerovirus, family Luteoviridae, is a major pathogen of potato worldwide. PLRV is transmitted among host plants by aphids in a circulative-nonpropagative manner. Previous studies have demonstrated that PLRV infection increases aphid fecundity on, and attraction to, infected plants as compared to controls. However, the molecular mechanisms mediating this relationship are still poorly understood. In this study, we measured the impact of PLRV infection on plant-aphid interactions and plant chemistry in two hosts: Solanum tuberosum and Nicotiana benthamiana. Our study demonstrates that PLRV infection attenuates the induction of aphid-induced jasmonic acid and ethylene in S. tuberosum and N. benthamiana. Using transient expression experiments, insect bioassays and chemical analysis, we show that expression of three PLRV proteins (P0, P1, and P7) mediate changes in plant-aphid interactions and inhibition of aphid-induced jasmonic acid and ethylene in N. benthamiana. This study enhances our understanding of the plant-vector-pathogen interface by elucidating new mechanisms by which plant viruses transmitted in a circulative manner can manipulate plant hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- MacKenzie F Patton
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Aurélie Bak
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Jordan M Sayre
- Department of Microbiology, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Michelle L Heck
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, Emerging Pests and Pathogens Research Unit, Ithaca, New York, 14853
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, New York, 14853
- Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853
| | - Clare L Casteel
- Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853
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He L, Chen X, Yang J, Zhang T, Li J, Zhang S, Zhong K, Zhang H, Chen J, Yang J. Rice black-streaked dwarf virus-encoded P5-1 regulates the ubiquitination activity of SCF E3 ligases and inhibits jasmonate signaling to benefit its infection in rice. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 225:896-912. [PMID: 31318448 PMCID: PMC6972624 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
SCF (Skp1/Cullin1/F-box) complexes are key regulators of many cellular processes. Viruses encode specific factors to interfere with or hijack these complexes and ensure their infection in plants. The molecular mechanisms controlling this interference/hijack are currently largely unknown. Here, we present evidence of a novel strategy used by Rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV) to regulate ubiquitination in rice (Oryza sativa) by interfering in the activity of OsCSN5A. We also show that RBSDV P5-1 specifically affects CSN-mediated deRUBylation of OsCUL1, compromising the integrity of the SCFCOI1 complex. We demonstrate that the expressions of jasmonate (JA) biosynthesis-associated genes are not inhibited, whereas the expressions of JA-responsive genes are down-regulated in transgenic P5-1 plants. More importantly, application of JA to P5-1 transgenic plants did not reduce their susceptibility to RBSDV infection. Our results suggest that P5-1 inhibits the ubiquitination activity of SCF E3 ligases through an interaction with OsCSN5A, and hinders the RUBylation/deRUBylation of CUL1, leading to an inhibition of the JA response pathway and an enhancement of RBSDV infection in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long He
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro‐productsInstitute of Plant VirologyNingbo UniversityNingbo315000China
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant VirologyInstitute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhou310021China
- College of Plant ProtectionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing21000China
| | - Xuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro‐productsInstitute of Plant VirologyNingbo UniversityNingbo315000China
| | - Jin Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro‐productsInstitute of Plant VirologyNingbo UniversityNingbo315000China
- College of Plant ProtectionHunan Agricultural UniversityChangsha410000China
| | - Tianye Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro‐productsInstitute of Plant VirologyNingbo UniversityNingbo315000China
- College of Forestry and BiotechnologyZhejiang A&F UniversityLinan311300China
| | - Juan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro‐productsInstitute of Plant VirologyNingbo UniversityNingbo315000China
- College of Agriculture and BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058China
| | - Songbai Zhang
- Institute of Plant ProtectionHunan Academy of Agricultural SciencesChangsha410000China
| | - Kaili Zhong
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro‐productsInstitute of Plant VirologyNingbo UniversityNingbo315000China
| | - Hengmu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant VirologyInstitute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhou310021China
| | - Jianping Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro‐productsInstitute of Plant VirologyNingbo UniversityNingbo315000China
| | - Jian Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro‐productsInstitute of Plant VirologyNingbo UniversityNingbo315000China
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40
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The viral F-box protein P0 induces an ER-derived autophagy degradation pathway for the clearance of membrane-bound AGO1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:22872-22883. [PMID: 31628252 PMCID: PMC6842623 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1912222116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The viral suppressor of RNA silencing P0 is known to target plant antiviral ARGONAUTE (AGO) proteins for degradation via an autophagy-related process. Here we utilized P0 to gain insight into the cellular degradation dynamics of AGO1, the major plant effector of RNA silencing. We revealed that P0 targets endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated AGO1 by inducing the formation of ER-related bodies that are delivered to the vacuole with both P0 and AGO1 as cargos. This process involves ATG8-interacting proteins 1 and 2 (ATI1 and ATI2) that interact with AGO1 and negatively regulate its transgene-silencing activity. Together, our results reveal a layer of ER-bound AGO1 posttranslational regulation that is manipulated by P0 to subvert plant antiviral defense. RNA silencing is a major antiviral defense mechanism in plants and invertebrates. Plant ARGONAUTE1 (AGO1) is pivotal in RNA silencing, and hence is a major target for counteracting viral suppressors of RNA-silencing proteins (VSRs). P0 from Turnip yellows virus (TuYV) is a VSR that was previously shown to trigger AGO1 degradation via an autophagy-like process. However, the identity of host proteins involved and the cellular site at which AGO1 and P0 interact were unknown. Here we report that P0 and AGO1 associate on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), resulting in their loading into ER-associated vesicles that are mobilized to the vacuole in an ATG5- and ATG7-dependent manner. We further identified ATG8-Interacting proteins 1 and 2 (ATI1 and ATI2) as proteins that associate with P0 and interact with AGO1 on the ER up to the vacuole. Notably, ATI1 and ATI2 belong to an endogenous degradation pathway of ER-associated AGO1 that is significantly induced following P0 expression. Accordingly, ATI1 and ATI2 deficiency causes a significant increase in posttranscriptional gene silencing (PTGS) activity. Collectively, we identify ATI1 and ATI2 as components of an ER-associated AGO1 turnover and proper PTGS maintenance and further show how the VSR P0 manipulates this pathway.
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Cucurbit Chlorotic Yellows Virus p22 Protein Interacts with Cucumber SKP1LB1 and Its F-Box-Like Motif Is Crucial for Silencing Suppressor Activity. Viruses 2019; 11:v11090818. [PMID: 31487883 PMCID: PMC6784205 DOI: 10.3390/v11090818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants use RNA silencing as a defense against viruses. In response, viruses encode various RNA silencing suppressors to counteract the antiviral silencing. Here, we identified p22 as a silencing suppressor of cucurbit chlorotic yellows crinivirus and showed that p22 interacts with CsSKP1LB1, a Cucumis sativus ortholog of S-phase kinase-associated protein 1 (SKP1). The F-box-like motif of p22 was identified through sequence analysis and found to be necessary for the interaction using a yeast two-hybrid assay. The involvement of the F-box-like motif in p22 silencing suppressor activity was determined. Proteomics analysis of Nicotiana benthamiana leaves expressing p22, and its F-box-like motif deletion mutant showed 228 differentially expressed proteins and five enriched Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways: ABC transporters, sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid biosynthesis, ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, riboflavin metabolism, and cysteine and methionine metabolism. Collectively, our results demonstrate the interaction between p22 and CsSKP1LB1 and show that the deletion of F-box-like motif inhibits p22 silencing suppressor activity. The possible pathways regulated by the p22 through the F-box-like motif were identified using proteomics analysis.
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Manavella PA, Yang SW, Palatnik J. Keep calm and carry on: miRNA biogenesis under stress. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 99:832-843. [PMID: 31025462 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are major post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression. Their biogenesis relies on the cleavage of longer precursors by a nuclear localized processing machinery. The evolutionary preference of plant miRNAs to silence transcription factors turned these small molecules into key actors during growth and adaptive responses. Furthermore, during their life cycle plants are subject to changes in the environmental conditions surrounding them. In order to face these changes, plants display unique adaptive capacities based on an enormous developmental plasticity, where miRNAs play central roles. Many individual miRNAs have been shown to modulate the plant response to different environmental cues and stresses. In the last few years, increasing evidence has shown that not only individual genes encoding miRNAs but also the miRNA pathway as a whole is subject to regulation in response to external stimulus. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge about the miRNA pathway. We dissect the pathway to analyze the events leading to the generation of these small RNAs and emphasize the regulation of core components of the miRNA biogenesis machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo A Manavella
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (IAL, CONICET-UNL-FBCB), Santa Fe, 3000, Argentina
| | - Seong W Yang
- Department of Systems Biology, Institute of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Javier Palatnik
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR, CONICET-UNR), Rosario, 2000, Argentina
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Zheng X, Fahlgren N, Abbasi A, Berry JC, Carrington JC. Antiviral ARGONAUTEs Against Turnip Crinkle Virus Revealed by Image-Based Trait Analysis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 180:1418-1435. [PMID: 31043494 PMCID: PMC6752898 DOI: 10.1104/pp.19.00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
RNA-based silencing functions as an important antiviral immunity mechanism in plants. Plant viruses evolved to encode viral suppressors of RNA silencing (VSRs) that interfere with the function of key components in the silencing pathway. As effectors in the RNA silencing pathway, ARGONAUTE (AGO) proteins are targeted by some VSRs, such as that encoded by Turnip crinkle virus (TCV). A VSR-deficient TCV mutant was used to identify AGO proteins with antiviral activities during infection. A quantitative phenotyping protocol using an image-based color trait analysis pipeline on the PlantCV platform, with temporal red, green, and blue imaging and a computational segmentation algorithm, was used to measure plant disease after TCV inoculation. This process captured and analyzed growth and leaf color of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants in response to virus infection over time. By combining this quantitative phenotypic data with molecular assays to detect local and systemic virus accumulation, AGO2, AGO3, and AGO7 were shown to play antiviral roles during TCV infection. In leaves, AGO2 and AGO7 functioned as prominent nonadditive, anti-TCV effectors, whereas AGO3 played a minor role. Other AGOs were required to protect inflorescence tissues against TCV. Overall, these results indicate that distinct AGO proteins have specialized, modular roles in antiviral defense across different tissues, and demonstrate the effectiveness of image-based phenotyping to quantify disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingguo Zheng
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri 63132
| | - Noah Fahlgren
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri 63132
| | - Arash Abbasi
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri 63132
| | - Jeffrey C Berry
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri 63132
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Mauck KE, Kenney J, Chesnais Q. Progress and challenges in identifying molecular mechanisms underlying host and vector manipulation by plant viruses. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2019; 33:7-18. [PMID: 31358199 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Plant virus infection fundamentally alters chemical and behavioral phenotypes of hosts and vectors. These alterations often enhance virus transmission, leading researchers to surmise that such effects are manipulations caused by virus adaptations and not just by-products of pathology. But identification of the virus components behind manipulation is missing from most studies performed to date. Here, we evaluate causative empirical evidence that virus components are the drivers of manipulated host and vector phenotypes. To do so, we link findings and methodologies on virus pathology with observational and functional genomics studies on virus manipulation. Our synthesis provides an overview of progress, areas of synergy, and new approaches that will lead to an improved mechanistic understanding of host and vector manipulation by plant viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry E Mauck
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
| | - Jaimie Kenney
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Quentin Chesnais
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
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Yang X, Guo W, Li F, Sunter G, Zhou X. Geminivirus-Associated Betasatellites: Exploiting Chinks in the Antiviral Arsenal of Plants. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 24:519-529. [PMID: 31003895 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Betasatellites are a diverse group of circular single-stranded DNA satellites frequently associated with begomoviruses belonging to the family Geminiviridae. Challenged with a geminivirus-betasatellite infection, plants have employed sophisticated defense mechanisms to protect themselves. Betasatellites, in turn, employ mechanisms to antagonize these plant antiviral pathways. In this review, we focus on the anti-geminiviral immune pathways present both in plants and whiteflies. We also outline the counter-defensive strategies deployed by betasatellites to overcome the host defenses and initiate a successful infection. Finally, we discuss the outcomes of the opposing forces of plant immunity and betasatellite-mediated antagonism in the context of an evolutionary arms race. Understanding of the molecular dialog between plants and betasatellites will likely allow for the development of novel antiviral strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuling Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Fangfang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Garry Sunter
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - Xueping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Li Y, Sun Q, Zhao T, Xiang H, Zhang X, Wu Z, Zhou C, Zhang X, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Wang X, Li D, Yu J, Dinesh‐Kumar SP, Han C. Interaction between Brassica yellows virus silencing suppressor P0 and plant SKP1 facilitates stability of P0 in vivo against degradation by proteasome and autophagy pathways. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 222:1458-1473. [PMID: 30664234 PMCID: PMC6593998 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
P0 protein of some polerovirus members can target ARGONAUTE1 (AGO1) to suppress RNA silencing. Although P0 harbors an F-box-like motif reported to be essential for interaction with S phase kinase-associated protein 1 (SKP1) and RNA silencing suppression, it is the autophagy pathway that was shown to contribute to AGO1 degradation. Therefore, the role of P0-SKP1 interaction in silencing suppression remains unclear. We conducted global mutagenesis and comparative functional analysis of P0 encoded by Brassica yellows virus (BrYV) (P0Br ). We found that several residues within P0Br are required for local and systemic silencing suppression activities. Remarkably, the F-box-like motif mutant of P0Br , which failed to interact with SKP1, is destabilized in vivo. Both the 26S proteasome system and autophagy pathway play a role in destabilization of the mutant protein. Furthermore, silencing of a Nicotiana benthamiana SKP1 ortholog leads to the destabilization of P0Br . Genetic analyses indicated that the P0Br -SKP1 interaction is not directly required for silencing suppression activity of P0Br , but it facilitates stability of P0Br to ensure efficient RNA silencing suppression. Consistent with these findings, efficient systemic infection of BrYV requires P0Br . Our results reveal a novel strategy used by BrYV for facilitating viral suppressors of RNA silencing stability against degradation by plant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Agro‐Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green ManagementChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Qian Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Agro‐Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green ManagementChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Tianyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Agro‐Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green ManagementChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Haiying Xiang
- State Key Laboratory for Agro‐Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green ManagementChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Agro‐Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green ManagementChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Zhanyu Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Agro‐Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green ManagementChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Cuiji Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Agro‐Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green ManagementChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Agro‐Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green ManagementChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Agro‐Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green ManagementChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Yongliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agro‐Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil MicrobiologyCollege of Biological SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Xianbing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agro‐Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil MicrobiologyCollege of Biological SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Dawei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agro‐Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil MicrobiologyCollege of Biological SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Jialin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Agro‐Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil MicrobiologyCollege of Biological SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
| | - Savithramma P. Dinesh‐Kumar
- Department of Plant Biology and The Genome CenterCollege of Biological SciencesUniversity of California, DavisDavisCA95616USA
| | - Chenggui Han
- State Key Laboratory for Agro‐Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green ManagementChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China
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Chen I, Chang J, Wu C, Huang Y, Hsu Y, Tsai C. An E3 ubiquitin ligase from Nicotiana benthamiana targets the replicase of Bamboo mosaic virus and restricts its replication. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2019; 20:673-684. [PMID: 30924604 PMCID: PMC6637893 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
One up-regulated host gene identified previously was found involved in the infection process of Bamboo mosaic virus (BaMV), a single-stranded positive-sense RNA virus. The full length cDNA of this gene was cloned by 5' and 3'-rapid amplification of cDNA ends and found to encode a polypeptide containing a conserved really interesting new gene (RING) domain and a transmembrane domain. The gene might function as an ubiquitin E3 ligase. We designated this protein in Nicotiana benthamiana as ubiquitin E3 ligase containing RING domain 1 (NbUbE3R1). Further characterization by using Tobacco rattle virus-based virus-induced gene silencing (loss-of-function) revealed that increased BaMV accumulation was in both knockdown plants and protoplasts. The gene might have a defensive role in the replication step of BaMV infection. To further inspect the functional role of NbUbE3R1 in BaMV accumulation, NbUbE3R1 was expressed in N. benthamiana plants. The wild-type NbUbE3R1-orange fluorescent protein (NbUbE3R1-OFP), NbUbE3R1/△TM-OFP (removal of the transmembrane domain) and NbUbE3R1/mRING-OFP (mutation at the RING domain, the E2 interaction site) were transiently expressed in plants. NbUbE3R1 and its derivatives all functioned in restricting the accumulation of BaMV. The common feature of these constructs was the intact substrate-interacting domain. Yeast two-hybrid and co-immunoprecipitation experiments used to determine the possible viral-encoded substrate of NbUbE3R1 revealed the replicase of BaMV as the possible substrate. In conclusion, we identified an up-regulated gene, NbUbE3R1 that plays a role in BaMV replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- I‐Hsuan Chen
- Graduate Institute of BiotechnologyNational Chung Hsing UniversityTaichung402Taiwan
| | - Jui‐En Chang
- Graduate Institute of BiotechnologyNational Chung Hsing UniversityTaichung402Taiwan
| | - Chen‐Yu Wu
- Graduate Institute of BiotechnologyNational Chung Hsing UniversityTaichung402Taiwan
| | - Ying‐Ping Huang
- Graduate Institute of BiotechnologyNational Chung Hsing UniversityTaichung402Taiwan
| | - Yau‐Huei Hsu
- Graduate Institute of BiotechnologyNational Chung Hsing UniversityTaichung402Taiwan
- Advanced Plant Biotechnology CenterNational Chung Hsing UniversityTaichung402Taiwan
| | - Ching‐Hsiu Tsai
- Graduate Institute of BiotechnologyNational Chung Hsing UniversityTaichung402Taiwan
- Advanced Plant Biotechnology CenterNational Chung Hsing UniversityTaichung402Taiwan
- Research Center for Sustainable Energy and NanotechnologyNational Chung Hsing UniversityTaichung402Taiwan
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Rashid MO, Zhang XY, Wang Y, Li DW, Yu JL, Han CG. The Three Essential Motifs in P0 for Suppression of RNA Silencing Activity of Potato leafroll virus Are Required for Virus Systemic Infection. Viruses 2019; 11:E170. [PMID: 30791535 PMCID: PMC6410027 DOI: 10.3390/v11020170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Higher plants exploit posttranscriptional gene silencing as a defense mechanism against virus infection by the RNA degradation system. Plant RNA viruses suppress posttranscriptional gene silencing using their encoded proteins. Three important motifs (F-box-like motif, G139/W140/G141-like motif, and C-terminal conserved region) in P0 of Potato leafroll virus (PLRV) were reported to be essential for suppression of RNA silencing activity. In this study, Agrobacterium-mediated transient experiments were carried out to screen the available amino acid substitutions in the F-box-like motif and G139/W140/G141-like motif that abolished the RNA silencing suppression activity of P0, without disturbing the P1 amino acid sequence. Subsequently, four P0 defective mutants derived from a full-length cDNA clone of PLRV (L76F and W87R substitutions in the F-box-like motif, G139RRR substitution in the G139/W140/G141-like motif, and F220R substitution in the C-terminal conserved region) were successfully generated by reverse PCR and used to investigate the impact of these substitutions on PLRV infectivity. The RT-PCR and western blot analysis revealed that these defective mutants affected virus accumulation in inoculated leaves and systemic movement in Nicotiana benthamiana as well as in its natural hosts, potato and black nightshade. These results further demonstrate that the RNA silencing suppressor of PLRV is required for PLRV accumulation and systemic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamun-Or Rashid
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, MOA, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xiao-Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, MOA, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, MOA, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Da-Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, MOA, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Jia-Lin Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, MOA, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Cheng-Gui Han
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, MOA, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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49
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RNA Interference: A Natural Immune System of Plants to Counteract Biotic Stressors. Cells 2019; 8:cells8010038. [PMID: 30634662 PMCID: PMC6356646 DOI: 10.3390/cells8010038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
During plant-pathogen interactions, plants have to defend the living transposable elements from pathogens. In response to such elements, plants activate a variety of defense mechanisms to counteract the aggressiveness of biotic stressors. RNA interference (RNAi) is a key biological process in plants to inhibit gene expression both transcriptionally and post-transcriptionally, using three different groups of proteins to resist the virulence of pathogens. However, pathogens trigger an anti-silencing mechanism through the expression of suppressors to block host RNAi. The disruption of the silencing mechanism is a virulence strategy of pathogens to promote infection in the invaded hosts. In this review, we summarize the RNA silencing pathway, anti-silencing suppressors, and counter-defenses of plants to viral, fungal, and bacterial pathogens.
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50
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Costa Navarro GS, Amalfi S, López MG, Llauger G, Arneodo JD, Taboga O, Alfonso V. The autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus Ac12: A non-essential F box-like protein that interacts with cellular SKP1 component of the E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. Virus Res 2018; 260:67-77. [PMID: 30472094 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) ac12 gene, which is conserved in ten other baculovirus, codes a predicted 217 amino acid protein of unknown function. In this study, we investigated the role of ac12 during baculovirus infection, by generating an ac12 knockout virus. The transfection of the recombinant genome in insect cells resulted in unaltered viral dispersion and occlusion body production when compared to the control bacmid. This finding demonstrates that ac12 is a non-essential gene. Transmission and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses showed that ac12 knockout virus produced occlusion bodies morphologically similar to those obtained with the control and capable to occlude virions. However, a slight but significant size difference was detected by SEM observation of purified occlusion bodies. This difference suggests that ac12 may be involved in regulatory pathways of polyhedrin production or occlusion body assembly without affecting either viral occlusion or oral infectivity in Rachiplusia nu larvae. This was evidenced by bioassays that showed no significant differences in the conditions tested. A qPCR analysis of viral gene expression during infection evidenced regulatory effects of ac12 over some representative genes of different stages of the viral cycle. In this study, we also showed that ac12 is transcribed at early times after infection and remains detectable up to 72 hours post-infection. The mRNA is translated during the infection and results in a protein that encodes an F-box domain that interacts in vivo and in vitro with S phase kinase associated protein 1 (SKP1) adaptor protein, which is potentially involved in protein ubiquitination pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guadalupe S Costa Navarro
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), De los Reseros y N. Repetto s/n, 1686, Hurlingham, Argentina
| | - Sabrina Amalfi
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), De los Reseros y N. Repetto s/n, 1686, Hurlingham, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - María Gabriela López
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), De los Reseros y N. Repetto s/n, 1686, Hurlingham, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Gabriela Llauger
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), De los Reseros y N. Repetto s/n, 1686, Hurlingham, Argentina
| | - Joel D Arneodo
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina; Instituto de Microbiología y Zoología Agrícola, INTA, De los Reseros y N. Repetto s/n, 1686, Hurlingham, Argentina
| | - Oscar Taboga
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), De los Reseros y N. Repetto s/n, 1686, Hurlingham, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Victoria Alfonso
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), De los Reseros y N. Repetto s/n, 1686, Hurlingham, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina.
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