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Ulke J, Schwedler C, Krüger J, Stein V, Geserick P, Kleinridders A, Kappert K. High-fat diet alters N-glycosylation of PTPRJ in murine liver. J Nutr Biochem 2024; 123:109500. [PMID: 37875230 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) regulate multiple signaling pathways. Disruption of tyrosine phosphorylation through imbalanced action between protein tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and PTPs is a hallmark of metabolic disorders, including insulin resistance. A representative member of the receptor-type PTP family, PTPRJ (DEP-1), was previously identified as a negative regulator of insulin signaling and possesses post-translational glycosylation sites. In this regard, it seems of great importance to decipher the structure of PTPRJ's glycosylation, particularly in the context of metabolic disturbances, but this has not been done in detail. Thus, here we aimed at characterizing the glycosylation pattern of PTPRJ in liver. We show that N-glycosylation accounts for up to half of PTPRJ's molecular weight. Applying mass spectrometry, we detected increased levels of high-mannose structures in PTPRJ in liver tissue of obese mice compared to lean littermates. In addition, complex neutral structures without fucose were also elevated in PTPRJ of high-fat diet (HFD) mice. Conversely, complex fucosylated N-glycans as well as sialylated bi- and triantennary N-glycans, were significantly reduced in PTPRJ of HFD-derived liver tissue compared to LFD by ∼two fold (P≤.01, P≤.0001 and P≤.001, respectively). In congruence with these findings, the mannosidase MAN2A1, responsible for the conversion of high-mannose to complex N-glycans, was significantly downregulated under HFD conditions. Here we present for the first time that HFD-induced obesity impacts on the glycosylation pattern of the insulin signaling component PTPRJ in liver. These findings may inspire new research on the glycosylation of PTPs in metabolic diseases and may open up new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannis Ulke
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Max Rubner Center (MRC) for Cardiovascular Metabolic Renal Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Schwedler
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Janine Krüger
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Max Rubner Center (MRC) for Cardiovascular Metabolic Renal Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Vanessa Stein
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Max Rubner Center (MRC) for Cardiovascular Metabolic Renal Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Geserick
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Max Rubner Center (MRC) for Cardiovascular Metabolic Renal Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - André Kleinridders
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Nutritional Medicine, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Kai Kappert
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Max Rubner Center (MRC) for Cardiovascular Metabolic Renal Research, Berlin, Germany.
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2
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McDonald R, Larsen M, Liu Z, Southekal S, Eudy J, Guda C, Kumar TR. RNA-seq analysis identifies age-dependent changes in expression of mRNAs - encoding N-glycosylation pathway enzymes in mouse gonadotropes. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2023; 574:111971. [PMID: 37301504 PMCID: PMC10528389 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2023.111971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is a glycoprotein that is assembled as a heterodimer of α/β subunits in gonadotropes. Each subunit contains two N-glycan chains. Our previous in vivo genetic studies identified that at least one N-glycan chain must be present on the FSHβ subunit for efficient FSH dimer assembly and secretion. Moreover, macroheterogeneity observed uniquely on human FSHβ results in ratiometric changes in age-specific FSH glycoforms, particularly during menopausal transition. Despite the recognition of many prominent roles of sugars on FSH including dimer assembly and secretion, serum half-life, receptor binding and signal transduction, the N-glycosylation machinery in gonadotropes has never been defined. Here, we used a mouse model in which gonadotropes are GFP-labeled in vivo and achieved rapid purification of GFP+ gonadotropes from pituitaries of female mice at reproductively young, middle, and old ages. We identified by RNA-seq analysis 52 mRNAs encoding N-glycosylation pathway enzymes expressed in 3- and 8-10-month-old mouse gonadotropes. We hierarchically mapped and localized the enzymes to distinct subcellular organelles within the N-glycosylation biosynthetic pathway. Of the 52 mRNAs, we found 27 mRNAs are differentially expressed between the 3- and 8-10-month old mice. We subsequently selected 8 mRNAs which showed varying changes in expression for confirmation of abundance in vivo via qPCR analysis, using more expanded aging time points with distinct 8-month and 14-month age groups. Real time qPCR analysis indicated dynamic changes in expression of N-glycosylation pathway enzyme-encoding mRNAs across the life span. Notably, computational analysis predicted the promoters of genes encoding these 8 mRNAs contain multiple high probability binding sites for estrogen receptor-1 and progesterone receptor. Collectively, our studies define the N-glycome and identify age-specific dynamic changes in mRNAs encoding N-glycosylation pathway enzymes in mouse gonadotropes. Our studies suggest the age-related decline in ovarian steroids may regulate expression of N-glycosylation enzymes in mouse gonadotropes and explain the age-related N-glycosylation shift previously observed on human FSHβ subunit in pituitaries of women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary McDonald
- Garduate Program in Integrated Physiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Mark Larsen
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Zhenghui Liu
- Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Siddesh Southekal
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - James Eudy
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Chittibabu Guda
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - T Rajendra Kumar
- Garduate Program in Integrated Physiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
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3
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Mahajan S, Ng BG, AlAbdi L, Earnest PDJ, Sosicka P, Patel N, Helaby R, Abdulwahab F, He M, Alkuraya FS, Freeze HH. Homozygous truncating variant in MAN2A2 causes a novel congenital disorder of glycosylation with neurological involvement. J Med Genet 2023; 60:627-635. [PMID: 36357165 PMCID: PMC10169543 DOI: 10.1136/jmg-2022-108821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enzymes of the Golgi implicated in N-glycan processing are critical for brain development, and defects in many are defined as congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG). Involvement of the Golgi mannosidase, MAN2A2 has not been identified previously as causing glycosylation defects. METHODS Exome sequencing of affected individuals was performed with Sanger sequencing of the MAN2A2 transcript to confirm the variant. N-glycans were analysed in patient-derived lymphoblasts to determine the functional effects of the variant. A cell-based complementation assay was designed to assess the pathogenicity of identified variants using MAN2A1/MAN2A2 double knock out HEK293 cell lines. RESULTS We identified a multiplex consanguineous family with a homozygous truncating variant p.Val1101Ter in MAN2A2. Lymphoblasts from two affected brothers carrying the same truncating variant showed decreases in complex N-glycans and accumulation of hybrid N-glycans. On testing of this variant in the developed complementation assay, we see the complete lack of complex N-glycans. CONCLUSION Our findings show that pathogenic variants in MAN2A2 cause a novel autosomal recessive CDG with neurological involvement and facial dysmorphism. Here, we also present the development of a cell-based complementation assay to assess the pathogenicity of MAN2A2 variants, which can also be extended to MAN2A1 variants for future diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonal Mahajan
- Human Genetics Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Bobby George Ng
- Human Genetics Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Lama AlAbdi
- Department of Translational Genomics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Riyadh Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Paul Daniel James Earnest
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Paulina Sosicka
- Human Genetics Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Nisha Patel
- Department of Translational Genomics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rana Helaby
- Department of Translational Genomics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Firdous Abdulwahab
- Department of Translational Genomics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Miao He
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Fowzan S Alkuraya
- Department of Translational Genomics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hudson H Freeze
- Human Genetics Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
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RNAseq Analysis of FABP4 Knockout Mouse Hippocampal Transcriptome Suggests a Role for WNT/β-Catenin in Preventing Obesity-Induced Cognitive Impairment. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043381. [PMID: 36834799 PMCID: PMC9961923 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglial fatty-acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) is a regulator of neuroinflammation. We hypothesized that the link between lipid metabolism and inflammation indicates a role for FABP4 in regulating high fat diet (HFD)-induced cognitive decline. We have previously shown that obese FABP4 knockout mice exhibit decreased neuroinflammation and cognitive decline. FABP4 knockout and wild type mice were fed 60% HFD for 12 weeks starting at 15 weeks old. Hippocampal tissue was dissected and RNA-seq was performed to measure differentially expressed transcripts. Reactome molecular pathway analysis was utilized to examine differentially expressed pathways. Results showed that HFD-fed FABP4 knockout mice have a hippocampal transcriptome consistent with neuroprotection, including associations with decreased proinflammatory signaling, ER stress, apoptosis, and cognitive decline. This is accompanied by an increase in transcripts upregulating neurogenesis, synaptic plasticity, long-term potentiation, and spatial working memory. Pathway analysis revealed that mice lacking FABP4 had changes in metabolic function that support reduction in oxidative stress and inflammation, and improved energy homeostasis and cognitive function. Analysis suggested a role for WNT/β-Catenin signaling in the protection against insulin resistance, alleviating neuroinflammation and cognitive decline. Collectively, our work shows that FABP4 represents a potential target in alleviating HFD-induced neuroinflammation and cognitive decline and suggests a role for WNT/β-Catenin in this protection.
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5
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Xiao L, Guan X, Xiang M, Wang Q, Long Q, Yue C, Chen L, Liu J, Liao C. B7 family protein glycosylation: Promising novel targets in tumor treatment. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1088560. [PMID: 36561746 PMCID: PMC9763287 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1088560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy, including the inhibition of immune checkpoints, improves the tumor immune microenvironment and is an effective tool for cancer therapy. More effective and alternative inhibitory targets are critical for successful immune checkpoint blockade therapy. The interaction of the immunomodulatory ligand B7 family with corresponding receptors induces or inhibits T cell responses by sending co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory signals respectively. Blocking the glycosylation of the B7 family members PD-L1, PD-L2, B7-H3, and B7-H4 inhibited the self-stability and receptor binding of these immune checkpoint proteins, leading to immunosuppression and rapid tumor progression. Therefore, regulation of glycosylation may be the "golden key" to relieve tumor immunosuppression. The exploration of a more precise glycosylation regulation mechanism and glycan structure of B7 family proteins is conducive to the discovery and clinical application of antibodies and small molecule inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Xiao
- Department of Orthodontics II, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China,Oral Disease Research Key Laboratory of Guizhou Tertiary Institution, School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Xiaoyan Guan
- Department of Orthodontics II, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China,Oral Disease Research Key Laboratory of Guizhou Tertiary Institution, School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Mingli Xiang
- Department of Orthodontics II, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China,Oral Disease Research Key Laboratory of Guizhou Tertiary Institution, School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Oral Disease Research Key Laboratory of Guizhou Tertiary Institution, School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Qian Long
- Department of Orthodontics II, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China,Oral Disease Research Key Laboratory of Guizhou Tertiary Institution, School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Chaoyi Yue
- School of Medicine and Technology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Lulu Chen
- Department of Orthodontics II, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China,Oral Disease Research Key Laboratory of Guizhou Tertiary Institution, School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Jianguo Liu
- Oral Disease Research Key Laboratory of Guizhou Tertiary Institution, School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China,*Correspondence: Chengcheng Liao, ; Jianguo Liu,
| | - Chengcheng Liao
- Department of Orthodontics II, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China,Oral Disease Research Key Laboratory of Guizhou Tertiary Institution, School of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China,*Correspondence: Chengcheng Liao, ; Jianguo Liu,
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6
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Zhang H, Situ C, Guo X. Recent progress of proteomic analysis on spermatogenesis. Biol Reprod 2022; 107:109-117. [DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioac065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Testis, the only organ responsible for generating sperm, is by far the organ with the largest variety of proteins and tissue-specific proteins in humans. In testis, spermatogenesis is a multi-step complex process well-accepted that protein and mRNA are decoupled in certain stages of spermatogenesis. With the fast development of mass spectrometry-based proteomics, it is possible to systemically study protein abundances and modifications in testis and sperm to help us understand the molecular mechanisms of spermatogenesis. This review provides an overview of the recent progress of proteomics analysis on spermatogenesis, including protein expression and multiple PTMs, such as phosphorylation, glycosylation, ubiquitylation, and acetylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haotian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Chenghao Situ
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xuejiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
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7
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Park DD, Chen J, Kudelka MR, Jia N, Haller CA, Kosaraju R, Premji AM, Galizzi M, Nairn AV, Moremen KW, Cummings RD, Chaikof EL. Resident and elicited murine macrophages differ in expression of their glycomes and glycan-binding proteins. Cell Chem Biol 2021; 28:567-582.e4. [PMID: 33378651 PMCID: PMC8052306 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2020.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The pleiotropic functions of macrophages in immune defense, tissue repair, and maintenance of tissue homeostasis are supported by the heterogeneity in macrophage sub-populations that differ both in ontogeny and polarization. Although glycans and glycan-binding proteins (GBPs) are integral to macrophage function and may contribute to macrophage diversity, little is known about the factors governing their expression. Here, we provide a resource for characterizing the N-/O-glycomes of various murine peritoneal macrophage sub-populations, demonstrating that glycosylation primarily reflects developmental origin and, to a lesser degree, cellular polarization. Furthermore, comparative analysis of GBP-coding genes in resident and elicited macrophages indicated that GBP expression is consistent with specialized macrophage functions and correlates with specific types of displayed glycans. An integrated, semi-quantitative approach was used to confirm distinct expression patterns of glycans and their binding proteins across different macrophages. The data suggest that regulation of glycan-protein complexes may be central to macrophage residence and recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane D Park
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jiaxuan Chen
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Matthew R Kudelka
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Nan Jia
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Carolyn A Haller
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Revanth Kosaraju
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Alykhan M Premji
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Melina Galizzi
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Alison V Nairn
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Kelley W Moremen
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Richard D Cummings
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Elliot L Chaikof
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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8
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Wilson MP, Quelhas D, Leão‐Teles E, Sturiale L, Rymen D, Keldermans L, Race V, Souche E, Rodrigues E, Campos T, Van Schaftingen E, Foulquier F, Garozzo D, Matthijs G, Jaeken J. SLC37A4-CDG: Second patient. JIMD Rep 2021; 58:122-128. [PMID: 33728255 PMCID: PMC7932867 DOI: 10.1002/jmd2.12195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, a disorder caused by the heterozygous de novo c.1267C>T (p.R423*) substitution in SLC37A4 has been described. This causes mislocalization of the glucose-6-phosphate transporter to the Golgi leading to a congenital disorder of glycosylation type II (SLC37A4-CDG). Only one patient has been reported showing liver disease that improved with age and mild dysmorphism. Here we report the second patient with a type II CDG caused by the same heterozygous de novo c.1267C>T (p.R423*) mutation thereby confirming the pathogenicity of this variant and expanding the clinical picture with type 1 diabetes, severe scoliosis, and membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. Additional clinical and biochemical data provide further insight into the mechanism and prognosis of SLC37A4-CDG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P. Wilson
- Laboratory for Molecular DiagnosisCenter for Human Genetics, KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Dulce Quelhas
- Centro de Genetica Medica Jacinto de Magalhaes, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São JoãoPortoPortugal
| | - Elisa Leão‐Teles
- Centro de Referência de Doenças Hereditárias do Metabolismo, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São JoãoPortoPortugal
| | - Luisa Sturiale
- CNR, Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB)CataniaItaly
| | - Daisy Rymen
- Department of PediatricsCenter for Metabolic Diseases, University Hospitals LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Liesbeth Keldermans
- Laboratory for Molecular DiagnosisCenter for Human Genetics, KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Valérie Race
- Laboratory for Molecular DiagnosisCenter for Human Genetics, KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Erika Souche
- Laboratory for Molecular DiagnosisCenter for Human Genetics, KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Esmeralda Rodrigues
- Centro de Referência de Doenças Hereditárias do Metabolismo, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São JoãoPortoPortugal
| | - Teresa Campos
- Centro de Referência de Doenças Hereditárias do Metabolismo, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São JoãoPortoPortugal
| | | | - François Foulquier
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576, UGSF, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et FonctionnelleLilleFrance
| | - Domenico Garozzo
- CNR, Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB)CataniaItaly
| | - Gert Matthijs
- Laboratory for Molecular DiagnosisCenter for Human Genetics, KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Jaak Jaeken
- Department of PediatricsCenter for Metabolic Diseases, University Hospitals LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
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9
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Mealer RG, Williams SE, Daly MJ, Scolnick EM, Cummings RD, Smoller JW. Glycobiology and schizophrenia: a biological hypothesis emerging from genomic research. Mol Psychiatry 2020; 25:3129-3139. [PMID: 32377000 PMCID: PMC8081046 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-0753-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Advances in genomics are opening new windows into the biology of schizophrenia. Though common variants individually have small effects on disease risk, GWAS provide a powerful opportunity to explore pathways and mechanisms contributing to pathophysiology. Here, we highlight an underappreciated biological theme emerging from GWAS: the role of glycosylation in schizophrenia. The strongest coding variant in schizophrenia GWAS is a missense mutation in the manganese transporter SLC39A8, which is associated with altered glycosylation patterns in humans. Furthermore, variants near several genes encoding glycosylation enzymes are unambiguously associated with schizophrenia: FUT9, MAN2A1, TMTC1, GALNT10, and B3GAT1. Here, we summarize the known biological functions, target substrates, and expression patterns of these enzymes as a primer for future studies. We also highlight a subset of schizophrenia-associated proteins critically modified by glycosylation including glutamate receptors, voltage-gated calcium channels, the dopamine D2 receptor, and complement glycoproteins. We hypothesize that common genetic variants alter brain glycosylation and play a fundamental role in the development of schizophrenia. Leveraging these findings will advance our mechanistic understanding of disease and may provide novel avenues for treatment development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert G. Mealer
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Psychiatry.,The Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research at Broad Institute.,Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center. Harvard Medical School, Boston MA.,Corresponding Author: Robert Gene Mealer, M.D., Ph.D., Richard B. Simches Research Center, 185 Cambridge St, 6th Floor, Boston, MA 02114, Tel: +1 (617) 724-9076,
| | - Sarah E. Williams
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Psychiatry.,Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center. Harvard Medical School, Boston MA
| | - Mark J. Daly
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Psychiatry.,The Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research at Broad Institute
| | - Edward M. Scolnick
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Psychiatry.,The Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research at Broad Institute
| | - Richard D. Cummings
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center. Harvard Medical School, Boston MA
| | - Jordan W. Smoller
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Psychiatry.,The Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research at Broad Institute
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10
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Nanno Y, Shajahan A, Sonon RN, Azadi P, Hering BJ, Burlak C. High-mannose type N-glycans with core fucosylation and complex-type N-glycans with terminal neuraminic acid residues are unique to porcine islets. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241249. [PMID: 33170858 PMCID: PMC7654812 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Islet transplantation is an emerging treatment option for type 1 diabetes but its application is limited by the shortage of human pancreas donors. Characterization of the N- and O-glycan surface antigens that vary between human and genetically engineered porcine islet donors could shed light on targets of antibody mediated rejection. METHODS N- and O-glycans were isolated from human and adult porcine islets and analyzed using matrix-assisted laser-desorption time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS). RESULTS A total of 57 porcine and 34 human N-glycans and 21 porcine and 14 human O-glycans were detected from cultured islets. Twenty-eight of which were detected only from porcine islets, which include novel xenoantigens such as high-mannose type N-glycans with core fucosylation and complex-type N-glycans with terminal neuraminic acid residues. Porcine islets have terminal N-glycolylneuraminic acid (NeuGc) residue in bi-antennary N-glycans and sialyl-Tn O-glycans. No galactose-α-1,3-galactose (α-Gal) or Sda epitope were detected on any of the islets. CONCLUSIONS These results provide important insights into the potential antigenic differences of N- and O-glycan profiles between human and porcine islets. Glycan differences may identify novel gene targets for genetic engineering to generate superior porcine islet donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihide Nanno
- Department of Surgery, Schulze Diabetes Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Asif Shajahan
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
| | | | - Parastoo Azadi
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
| | - Bernhard J. Hering
- Department of Surgery, Schulze Diabetes Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Christopher Burlak
- Department of Surgery, Schulze Diabetes Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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11
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Dabelsteen S, Pallesen EMH, Marinova IN, Nielsen MI, Adamopoulou M, Rømer TB, Levann A, Andersen MM, Ye Z, Thein D, Bennett EP, Büll C, Moons SJ, Boltje T, Clausen H, Vakhrushev SY, Bagdonaite I, Wandall HH. Essential Functions of Glycans in Human Epithelia Dissected by a CRISPR-Cas9-Engineered Human Organotypic Skin Model. Dev Cell 2020; 54:669-684.e7. [PMID: 32710848 PMCID: PMC7497784 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The glycome undergoes characteristic changes during histogenesis and organogenesis, but our understanding of the importance of select glycan structures for tissue formation and homeostasis is incomplete. Here, we present a human organotypic platform that allows genetic dissection of cellular glycosylation capacities and systematic interrogation of the roles of distinct glycan types in tissue formation. We used CRISPR-Cas9 gene targeting to generate a library of 3D organotypic skin tissues that selectively differ in their capacity to produce glycan structures on the main types of N- and O-linked glycoproteins and glycolipids. This tissue library revealed distinct changes in skin formation associated with a loss of features for all tested glycoconjugates. The organotypic skin model provides phenotypic cues for the distinct functions of glycoconjugates and serves as a unique resource for further genetic dissection and identification of the specific structural features involved. The strategy is also applicable to other organotypic tissue models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Dabelsteen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Emil M H Pallesen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Irina N Marinova
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mathias I Nielsen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria Adamopoulou
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Troels B Rømer
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Asha Levann
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mikkel M Andersen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zilu Ye
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David Thein
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eric P Bennett
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Büll
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sam J Moons
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Nijmegen 6525 AJ, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas Boltje
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Nijmegen 6525 AJ, the Netherlands
| | - Henrik Clausen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sergey Y Vakhrushev
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ieva Bagdonaite
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hans H Wandall
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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12
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Shi S, Gu S, Han T, Zhang W, Huang L, Li Z, Pan D, Fu J, Ge J, Brown M, Zhang P, Jiang P, Wucherpfennig KW, Liu XS. Inhibition of MAN2A1 Enhances the Immune Response to Anti-PD-L1 in Human Tumors. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:5990-6002. [PMID: 32723834 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-0778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Immune checkpoint blockade has shown remarkable efficacy, but in only a minority of patients with cancer, suggesting the need to develop additional treatment strategies. Aberrant glycosylation in tumors, resulting from the dysregulated expression of key enzymes in glycan biosynthesis, modulates the immune response. However, the role of glycan biosynthesis enzymes in antitumor immunity is poorly understood. We aimed to study the immunomodulatory effects of these enzymes. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We integrated transcriptional profiles of treatment-naïve human tumors and functional CRISPR screens to identify glycometabolism genes with immunomodulatory effects. We further validated our findings using in vitro coculture and in vivo syngeneic tumor growth assays. RESULTS We identified MAN2A1, encoding an enzyme in N-glycan maturation, as a key immunomodulatory gene. Analyses of public immune checkpoint blockade trial data also suggested a synergy between MAN2A1 inhibition and anti-PD-L1 treatment. Loss of Man2a1 in cancer cells increased their sensitivity to T-cell-mediated killing. Man2a1 knockout enhanced response to anti-PD-L1 treatment and facilitated higher cytotoxic T-cell infiltration in tumors under anti-PD-L1 treatment. Furthermore, a pharmacologic inhibitor of MAN2A1, swainsonine, synergized with anti-PD-L1 in syngeneic melanoma and lung cancer models, whereas each treatment alone had little effect. CONCLUSIONS Man2a1 loss renders cancer cells more susceptible to T-cell-mediated killing. Swainsonine synergizes with anti-PD-L1 in suppressing tumor growth. In light of the limited efficacy of anti-PD-L1 and failed phase II clinical trial on swainsonine, our study reveals a potential therapy combining the two to overcome tumor immune evasion.See related commentary by Bhat and Kabelitz, p. 5778.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sailing Shi
- Clinical Translational Research Center, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengqing Gu
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tong Han
- Clinical Translational Research Center, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wubing Zhang
- Clinical Translational Research Center, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lei Huang
- Clinical Translational Research Center, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziyi Li
- Clinical Translational Research Center, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Deng Pan
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingxin Fu
- Clinical Translational Research Center, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jun Ge
- Clinical Translational Research Center, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Myles Brown
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Peng Zhang
- Clinical Translational Research Center, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Jiang
- Cancer Data Science Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
| | - Kai W Wucherpfennig
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - X Shirley Liu
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.
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13
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CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutation of asparagine-linked glycosylation 13 transcript variant 1 causes epilepsy in mice. JOURNAL OF BIO-X RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1097/jbr.0000000000000059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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14
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Akintayo A, Stanley P. Roles for Golgi Glycans in Oogenesis and Spermatogenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:98. [PMID: 31231650 PMCID: PMC6566014 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation of proteins by N- and O-glycans or glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) mostly begins in the endoplasmic reticulum and is further orchestrated in the Golgi compartment via the action of >100 glycosyltransferases that reside in this complex organelle. The synthesis of glycolipids occurs in the Golgi, also by resident glycosyltransferases. A defect in the glycosylation machinery may impair the functions of glycoproteins and other glycosylated molecules, and lead to a congenital disorder of glycosylation (CDG). Spermatogenesis in the male and oogenesis in the female are tightly regulated differentiation events leading to the production of functional gametes. Insights into roles for glycans in gamete production have been obtained from mutant mice following deletion or inactivation of genes that encode a glycosylation activity. In this review, we will summarize the effects of altering the synthesis of N-glycans, O-glycans, proteoglycans, glycophosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchored proteins, and glycolipids during gametogenesis in the mouse. Glycosylation genes whose deletion causes embryonic lethality have been investigated following conditional deletion using various Cre recombinase transgenes with a cell-type specific promoter. The potential effects of mutations in corresponding glycosylation genes of humans will be discussed in relation to consequences to fertility and potential for use in contraception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayodele Akintayo
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Pamela Stanley
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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15
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Stanley P. What Have We Learned from Glycosyltransferase Knockouts in Mice? J Mol Biol 2016; 428:3166-3182. [PMID: 27040397 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2016.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
There are five major classes of glycan including N- and O-glycans, glycosaminoglycans, glycosphingolipids, and glycophosphatidylinositol anchors, all expressed at the molecular frontier of each mammalian cell. Numerous biological consequences of altering the expression of mammalian glycans are understood at a mechanistic level, but many more remain to be characterized. Mouse mutants with deleted, defective, or misexpressed genes that encode activities necessary for glycosylation have led the way to identifying key functions of glycans in biology. However, with the advent of exome sequencing, humans with mutations in genes involved in glycosylation are also revealing specific requirements for glycans in mammalian development. The aim of this review is to summarize glycosylation genes that are necessary for mouse embryonic development, pathway-specific glycosylation genes whose deletion leads to postnatal morbidity, and glycosylation genes for which effects are mild, but perturbation of the organism may reveal functional consequences. General strategies for generating and interpreting the phenotype of mice with glycosylation defects are discussed in relation to human congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Stanley
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA.
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16
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Ma Y, Li J, Yu H, Wang L, Lu T, Pan C, Han Y, Zhang D, Yue W. Association of chromosome 5q21.3 polymorphisms with the exploratory eye movement dysfunction in schizophrenia. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10299. [PMID: 26242244 PMCID: PMC4533163 DOI: 10.1038/srep10299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia patients show abnormalities in many eye movement tasks. Among them, exploratory eye movements (EEM) dysfunction seems to be specific to schizophrenia. However the mechanism of EEM disturbances in schizophrenia patients remains elusive. We investigate the relationship between EEM and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) or genes to identify susceptibility loci for EEM in schizophrenia. We firstly performed EEM test, then performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) and gene-based association study of EEM in 128 individuals with schizophrenia and 143 healthy control subjects. Comparing to healthy controls, schizophrenia patients show significant decrease in NEF (22.99 ± 3.96 vs. 26.02 ± 5.72, P <0.001), TESL (368.78 ± 123.57 vs. 603.12 ± 178.63, P <0.001), MESL (16.86 ± 5.27 vs. 24.42 ± 6.46, P <0.001), RSS (8.22 ± 1.56 vs. 10.92 ± 1.09, P <0.001), and CSS (5.06 ± 0.97 vs. 6.64 ± 0.87, P <0.001). Five SNPs of the MAN2A1, at 5q21.3, were associated with EEM abnormalities (deceased CSS) and satisfied the criteria of GWAS significance threshold. One is localized near 5'-UTR (rs17450784) and four are in intron (rs1438663, rs17162094, rs6877440 and rs10067856) of the gene. Our findings suggest that the identified loci may control the schizophrenia-related quantitative EEM trait. And the identified gene, associated with the EEM phenotype, may lead to new insights into the etiology of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanlin Ma
- 1] Institute of Mental Health, The Sixth Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China [2] Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jun Li
- 1] Institute of Mental Health, The Sixth Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China [2] Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Hao Yu
- 1] Institute of Mental Health, The Sixth Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China [2] Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, 100191, China [3] School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China [4] Peking University-Tsinghua University Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Lifang Wang
- 1] Institute of Mental Health, The Sixth Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China [2] Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Tianlan Lu
- 1] Institute of Mental Health, The Sixth Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China [2] Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Chao Pan
- 1] Institute of Mental Health, The Sixth Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China [2] Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yonghua Han
- 1] Institute of Mental Health, The Sixth Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China [2] Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Dai Zhang
- 1] Institute of Mental Health, The Sixth Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China [2] Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, 100191, China [3] School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China [4] Peking University-Tsinghua University Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100871, China [5] PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Weihua Yue
- 1] Institute of Mental Health, The Sixth Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China [2] Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, 100191, China
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17
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Raval KK, Tao R, White BE, De Lange WJ, Koonce CH, Yu J, Kishnani PS, Thomson JA, Mosher DF, Ralphe JC, Kamp TJ. Pompe disease results in a Golgi-based glycosylation deficit in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. J Biol Chem 2014; 290:3121-36. [PMID: 25488666 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.628628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Infantile-onset Pompe disease is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by the complete loss of lysosomal glycogen-hydrolyzing enzyme acid α-glucosidase (GAA) activity, which results in lysosomal glycogen accumulation and prominent cardiac and skeletal muscle pathology. The mechanism by which loss of GAA activity causes cardiomyopathy is poorly understood. We reprogrammed fibroblasts from patients with infantile-onset Pompe disease to generate induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells that were differentiated to cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CM). Pompe iPSC-CMs had undetectable GAA activity and pathognomonic glycogen-filled lysosomes. Nonetheless, Pompe and control iPSC-CMs exhibited comparable contractile properties in engineered cardiac tissue. Impaired autophagy has been implicated in Pompe skeletal muscle; however, control and Pompe iPSC-CMs had comparable clearance rates of LC3-II-detected autophagosomes. Unexpectedly, the lysosome-associated membrane proteins, LAMP1 and LAMP2, from Pompe iPSC-CMs demonstrated higher electrophoretic mobility compared with control iPSC-CMs. Brefeldin A induced disruption of the Golgi in control iPSC-CMs reproduced the higher mobility forms of the LAMPs, suggesting that Pompe iPSC-CMs produce LAMPs lacking appropriate glycosylation. Isoelectric focusing studies revealed that LAMP2 has a more alkaline pI in Pompe compared with control iPSC-CMs due largely to hyposialylation. MALDI-TOF-MS analysis of N-linked glycans demonstrated reduced diversity of multiantennary structures and the major presence of a trimannose complex glycan precursor in Pompe iPSC-CMs. These data suggest that Pompe cardiomyopathy has a glycan processing abnormality and thus shares features with hypertrophic cardiomyopathies observed in the congenital disorders of glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunil K Raval
- From the Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, the WiCell Institute, Madison, Wisconsin 53719
| | - Ran Tao
- From the Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705
| | - Brent E White
- From the Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705
| | - Willem J De Lange
- the Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53792
| | - Chad H Koonce
- From the Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705
| | - Junying Yu
- Cellular Dynamics International, Madison, Wisconsin 53711
| | - Priya S Kishnani
- the Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - James A Thomson
- the Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, the Genome Center of Wisconsin, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, the Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin 53715
| | - Deane F Mosher
- From the Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, the Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, and
| | - John C Ralphe
- the Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53792
| | - Timothy J Kamp
- From the Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, the Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, the WiCell Institute, Madison, Wisconsin 53719,
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18
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Rosenbaum EE, Vasiljevic E, Brehm KS, Colley NJ. Mutations in four glycosyl hydrolases reveal a highly coordinated pathway for rhodopsin biosynthesis and N-glycan trimming in Drosophila melanogaster. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004349. [PMID: 24785692 PMCID: PMC4006722 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
As newly synthesized glycoproteins move through the secretory pathway, the asparagine-linked glycan (N-glycan) undergoes extensive modifications involving the sequential removal and addition of sugar residues. These modifications are critical for the proper assembly, quality control and transport of glycoproteins during biosynthesis. The importance of N-glycosylation is illustrated by a growing list of diseases that result from defects in the biosynthesis and processing of N-linked glycans. The major rhodopsin in Drosophila melanogaster photoreceptors, Rh1, is highly unique among glycoproteins, as the N-glycan appears to be completely removed during Rh1 biosynthesis and maturation. However, much of the deglycosylation pathway for Rh1 remains unknown. To elucidate the key steps in Rh1 deglycosylation in vivo, we characterized mutant alleles of four Drosophila glycosyl hydrolases, namely α-mannosidase-II (α-Man-II), α-mannosidase-IIb (α-Man-IIb), a β-N-acetylglucosaminidase called fused lobes (Fdl), and hexosaminidase 1 (Hexo1). We have demonstrated that these four enzymes play essential and unique roles in a highly coordinated pathway for oligosaccharide trimming during Rh1 biosynthesis. Our results reveal that α-Man-II and α-Man-IIb are not isozymes like their mammalian counterparts, but rather function at distinct stages in Rh1 maturation. Also of significance, our results indicate that Hexo1 has a biosynthetic role in N-glycan processing during Rh1 maturation. This is unexpected given that in humans, the hexosaminidases are typically lysosomal enzymes involved in N-glycan catabolism with no known roles in protein biosynthesis. Here, we present a genetic dissection of glycoprotein processing in Drosophila and unveil key steps in N-glycan trimming during Rh1 biosynthesis. Taken together, our results provide fundamental advances towards understanding the complex and highly regulated pathway of N-glycosylation in vivo and reveal novel insights into the functions of glycosyl hydrolases in the secretory pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica E. Rosenbaum
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences and Department of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Eva Vasiljevic
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences and Department of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Kimberley S. Brehm
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences and Department of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Nansi Jo Colley
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences and Department of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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19
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Characterisation of class I and II α-mannosidases from Drosophila melanogaster. Glycoconj J 2013; 30:899-909. [DOI: 10.1007/s10719-013-9495-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Revised: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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20
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Scott DW, Dunn TS, Ballestas ME, Litovsky SH, Patel RP. Identification of a high-mannose ICAM-1 glycoform: effects of ICAM-1 hypoglycosylation on monocyte adhesion and outside in signaling. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2013; 305:C228-37. [PMID: 23703526 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00116.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial adhesion molecules are critical effectors of inflammation ensuring coordinated interactions that allow leukocytes to home to sites of injury. These adhesion molecules are often extensively modified posttranslationaly by the addition of N-glycans, but if, or how, these modifications contribute to the protein function remains poorly understood. Herein we show that activated endothelial cells express two distinct N-glycoforms of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) that comprise a complex N-glycoform with α-2,6 sialic acid present at relatively high levels and a second, less abundant and previously undescribed high-mannose glycoform (HM-ICAM-1). This novel HM-ICAM-1 glycoform was also detected in human coronary artery specimens and moreover appeared to be the dominant glycoform in vivo. Production of exclusively HM-ICAM-1 in cells by α-mannosidase inhibition increased monocyte rolling and adhesion compared with mature ICAM-1 consistent with high-mannose epitopes providing leukocyte ligands. Cross-linking of ICAM-1 transmits outside-in signals that affect endothelial permeability and survival. Interestingly, cell signaling (assessed using ERK, VE-cadherin, and Akt phosphorylation) was maintained after cross-linking of HM-ICAM-1 compared with mature ICAM-1; however, interactions with the actin cytoskeleton were lost with HM-ICAM-1. These findings suggest that specific ICAM-1 N-glycoforms modulate distinct aspects of the inflammatory response and identify HM-ICAM-1 as a new therapeutic target for controlling leukocyte trafficking and endothelial inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Scott
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA
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21
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Kubota Y, Hori H, Sawa R, Seki H, Uzawa J. Structural analyses of mannose pentasaccharide of high mannose type oligosaccharides by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2012; 50:659-664. [PMID: 22930529 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.3859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2012] [Revised: 07/09/2012] [Accepted: 07/17/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
NMR spectroscopy is a very important and useful method for the structural analysis of oligosaccharides, despite its low sensitivity. We first applied conventional measuring methods, 2D DQF COSY, (1)H-(13)C HSQC, and (1)H-(13)C HMBC, and also the Double Pulsed Field Gradient Spin Echo (DPFGSE)-TOCSY and DPFGSE-NOESY/ROESY techniques to analyze a branched mannose pentasaccharide as a model of high mannose type N-glycans in natural abundance. The NMR spectra of the model compound are very complex and difficult to analyze owing to overlapping signals. The superior selective irradiation capability of the DPFGSE technique is useful for fine structural and conformational analyses of such complex oligosaccharides. We here introduce a novel technique called DPFGSE-Double-Selective Population Transfer (SPT)-Difference and DPFGSE-NOE/ROE-SPT-Difference spectroscopy. The DPFGSE-Double-SPT-Difference method involves irradiation of two peaks from one proton and the subtraction of higher and lower peaks from each spectrum. The DPFGSE-NOE/ROE-SPT-Difference method involves the transfer of the magnetization polarized by NOE/ROE from the nuclei to the spin-coupled nuclei through scalar spin-spin interaction using the SPT method. Even if the signals in the NMR spectra overlap, each signal can be accurately assigned. In particular, DPFGSE-NOE/ROE-SPT-Difference is very useful for identifying sugar connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumiko Kubota
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry, Tokyo, Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan
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D’Cruz TS, Weibley BN, Kimball SR, Barber AJ. Post-translational processing of synaptophysin in the rat retina is disrupted by diabetes. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44711. [PMID: 22970294 PMCID: PMC3435316 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Accepted: 08/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Synaptophysin, is an abundant presynaptic protein involved in synaptic vesicle recycling and neurotransmitter release. Previous work shows that its content is significantly reduced in the rat retina by streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetes. This study tested the hypothesis that STZ-diabetes alters synaptophysin protein turnover and glycosylation in the rat retina. Whole explant retinas from male Sprague-Dawley rats were used in this study. Rats were made diabetic by a single intraperitoneal STZ injection (65 mg/kg body weight in 10 mM sodium citrate, pH 4.5). mRNA translation was measured using a 35S-methionine labeling assay followed by synaptophysin immunoprecipitation and autoradiography. A pulse-chase study was used to determine the depletion of newly synthesized synaptophysin. Depletion of total synaptophysin was determined after treatment with cycloheximide. Mannose rich N-glycosylated synaptophysin was detected by treating retinal lysates with endoglycosidase H followed by immunoblot analysis. Synaptophysin mRNA translation was significantly increased after 1 month (p<0.001) and 2 months (p<0.05) of STZ-diabetes, compared to age-matched controls. Newly synthesized synaptophysin degradation was significantly accelerated in the retina after 1 and 2 months of diabetes compared to controls (p<0.05). Mannose rich glycosylated synaptophysin was significantly increased after 1 month of STZ-diabetes compared to controls (p<0.05).These data suggest that diabetes increases mRNA translation of synaptophysin in the retina, resulting in an accumulation of mannose rich glycosylated synaptophysin, a transient post-translational state of the protein. This diabetes-induced irregularity in post-translational processing could explain the accelerated degradation of retinal synaptophysin in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis S. D’Cruz
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Penn State Hershey Eye Center, Penn State Hershey College of Medicine, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Brittany N. Weibley
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Penn State Hershey Eye Center, Penn State Hershey College of Medicine, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Scot R. Kimball
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Penn State Hershey Eye Center, Penn State Hershey College of Medicine, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Alistair J. Barber
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Penn State Hershey Eye Center, Penn State Hershey College of Medicine, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Penn State Hershey Eye Center, Penn State Hershey College of Medicine, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Batista F, Lu L, Williams SA, Stanley P. Complex N-glycans are essential, but core 1 and 2 mucin O-glycans, O-fucose glycans, and NOTCH1 are dispensable, for mammalian spermatogenesis. Biol Reprod 2012; 86:179. [PMID: 22492969 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.111.098103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
To identify roles in spermatogenesis for major subclasses of N- and O-glycans and Notch signaling, male mice carrying floxed C1galt1, Pofut1, Notch1 or Mgat1 alleles and a testis-specific Cre recombinase transgene were generated. T-synthase (C1GALT1) transfers Gal to generate core 1 and core 2 mucin O-glycans; POFUT1 transfers O-fucose to particular epidermal growth factor-like repeats and is essential for canonical Notch signaling; and MGAT1 (GlcNAcT-I) transfers GlcNAc to initiate hybrid and complex N-glycan synthesis. Cre recombinase transgenes driven by various promoters were investigated, including Stra8-iCre expressed in spermatogonia, Sycp1-Cre expressed in spermatocytes, Prm1-Cre expressed in spermatids, and AMH-Cre expressed in Sertoli cells. All Cre transgenes deleted floxed alleles, but efficiencies varied widely. Stra8-iCre was the most effective, deleting floxed Notch1 and Mgat1 alleles with 100% efficiency and floxed C1galt1 and Pofut1 alleles with ~80% efficiency, based on transmission of deleted alleles. Removal of C1galt1, Pofut1, or Notch1 in spermatogonia had no effect on testicular weight, histology, or fertility. However, males in which the synthesis of complex N-glycans was blocked by deletion of Mgat1 in spermatogonia did not produce sperm. Spermatogonia, spermatocytes, and spermatids were generated, but most spermatids formed giant multinucleated cells or symplasts, and apoptosis was increased. Therefore, although core 1 and 2 mucin O-glycans, NOTCH1, POFUT1, O-fucose glycans, and Notch signaling are dispensable, MGAT1 and complex N-glycans are essential for spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Batista
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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24
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Amano M, Hashimoto R, Nishimura SI. Effects of single genetic damage in carbohydrate-recognizing proteins in mouse serum N-glycan profile revealed by simple glycotyping analysis. Chembiochem 2012; 13:451-64. [PMID: 22271523 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201100595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Gene knock-out of C-type lectin receptors expressed in dendritic cells induced significant alteration of serum N-glycans compared with that of gender-matched controls. Glycotyping analysis suggested that putative-core fucosylation is strongly influenced by differences in the dominant mechanisms after carbohydrate recognition by pattern-recognition receptors, endocytosis of ligands, or induction of cytokines/chemokines. However, the loss of galectin-9, a ligand for T-helper type 1-specific cell-surface molecule, did not affect most N-glycan profiles. Interestingly, lack of the Chst3 gene (chondroitin 6-sulfotransferase) appeared to influence markedly the expression of most N-glycans, especially highly modified glycoforms bearing multiple Neu5Gc, Fuc, and LacNAc units. In contrast, genetic mutations in B4galnt1 and B4galnt2 (GalNAc transferase, responsible for the synthesis of many gangliosides) induced no discernable alteration. These results indicate that the biosynthesis of N-glycans of serum glycoproteins can be affected not only by direct genetic mutations in the glycosyltransferases but also by changes in metabolite availability in sugar nucleotide synthesis and Golgi N-glycosylation pathways caused concertedly in whole cells, tissues, and organs by milder deficiencies in immune cell-surface lectins. Many common chronic conditions, such as autoimmunity, metabolic syndrome, and aging/dementia result.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maho Amano
- Field of Drug Discovery Research, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan.
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25
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Wang W, Hale C, Goulding D, Haslam SM, Tissot B, Lindsay C, Michell S, Titball R, Yu J, Toribio AL, Rossi R, Dell A, Bradley A, Dougan G. Mannosidase 2, alpha 1 deficiency is associated with ricin resistance in embryonic stem (ES) cells. PLoS One 2011; 6:e22993. [PMID: 21886775 PMCID: PMC3160287 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0022993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2010] [Accepted: 07/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Host gene products required for mediating the action of toxins are potential targets for reversing or controlling their pathogenic impact following exposure. To identify such targets libraries of insertional gene-trap mutations generated with a PiggyBac transposon in Blm-deficient embryonic stem cells were exposed to the plant toxin, ricin. Resistant clones were isolated and genetically characterised and one was found to be a homozygous mutant of the mannosidase 2, alpha 1 (Man2α1) locus with a matching defect in the homologous allele. The causality of the molecular lesion was confirmed by removal of the transposon following expression of PB-transposase. Comparative glycomic and lectin binding analysis of the Man2α1 (-/-) ricin resistant cells revealed an increase in the levels of hybrid glycan structures and a reduction in terminal β-galactose moieties, potential target receptors for ricin. Furthermore, naïve ES cells treated with inhibitors of the N-linked glycosylation pathway at the mannosidase 2, alpha 1 step exhibited either full or partial resistance to ricin. Therefore, we conclusively identified mannosidase 2, alpha 1 deficiency to be associated with ricin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, The Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
| | - Christine Hale
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, The Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Dave Goulding
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, The Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart M. Haslam
- Division of Molecular Biosciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, South Kensington, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bérangère Tissot
- Division of Molecular Biosciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, South Kensington, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Lindsay
- Cellular Toxicity Team, Biomedical Sciences Department, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Michell
- School of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon, United Kingdom
| | - Rick Titball
- School of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon, United Kingdom
| | - Jun Yu
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Royal College, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Ana Luisa Toribio
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, The Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
| | - Raffaella Rossi
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, The Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
| | - Anne Dell
- Division of Molecular Biosciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, South Kensington, London, United Kingdom
| | - Allan Bradley
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, The Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
| | - Gordon Dougan
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, The Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
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Thiel C, Körner C. Mouse models for congenital disorders of glycosylation. J Inherit Metab Dis 2011; 34:879-89. [PMID: 21347588 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-011-9295-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2010] [Revised: 01/28/2011] [Accepted: 02/01/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Glycoprotein biosynthesis describes the process of co- and posttranslational attachment of sugar chains to proteins, a process that has been found in nearly all known organisms. Human deficiencies evoked by mutations in the glycosylation pathway of glycoproteins lead to congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG), a rapidly expanding group of autosomal recessive inherited metabolic diseases with multisystemic phenotypes that are mostly combined with severe neurological impairment. Although investigations on new types of CDG have proceeded rapidly in recent years, the correlation between inaccurate protein glycosylation and pathological loss of functionality of distinct organ systems remains widely unknown, and therapeutics for the patients are mostly not available. Therefore, mouse models provide an outstanding helpful tool for investigations on different aspects of glycosylation deficiencies that cannot be performed in patients or cell culture. This review focuses on existing mouse models generated for the types of CDG that affect the N-glycosylation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Thiel
- Department I, Center for Child and Adolescent Medicine, Center for Metabolic Diseases Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 153, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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27
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Freeze HH, Kranz C. Endoglycosidase and glycoamidase release of N-linked glycans. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; Chapter 12:Unit12.4. [PMID: 21104982 DOI: 10.1002/0471140864.ps1204s62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Nearly all proteins entering the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) become glycosylated en route to a cellular organelle, the plasma membrane, or the extracellular space. Many glycans can be attached to proteins, but the most common are the N-linked glycans (oligosaccharides). These chains are added very soon after a protein enters the ER, but they undergo extensive remodeling (processing), especially in the Golgi. Processing changes the sensitivity of the N-glycan to enzymes that cleave entire sugar chains or individual monosaccharides, which also changes the migration of the protein on SDS gels. These changes can be used to indicate when a protein has passed a particular subcellular location. This unit details some of the methods used to track a protein as it trafficks from the ER to the Golgi toward its final location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hudson H Freeze
- Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
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28
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Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: an update for the period 2005-2006. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2011; 30:1-100. [PMID: 20222147 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This review is the fourth update of the original review, published in 1999, on the application of MALDI mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2006. The review covers fundamental studies, fragmentation of carbohydrate ions, method developments, and applications of the technique to the analysis of different types of carbohydrate. Specific compound classes that are covered include carbohydrate polymers from plants, N- and O-linked glycans from glycoproteins, glycated proteins, glycolipids from bacteria, glycosides, and various other natural products. There is a short section on the use of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry for the study of enzymes involved in glycan processing, a section on industrial processes, particularly the development of biopharmaceuticals and a section on the use of MALDI-MS to monitor products of chemical synthesis of carbohydrates. Large carbohydrate-protein complexes and glycodendrimers are highlighted in this final section.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Department of Biochemistry, Oxford Glycobiology Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK.
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Kitada M, Kuroda Y, Dezawa M. Lectins as a tool for detecting neural stem/progenitor cells in the adult mouse brain. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2010; 294:305-21. [PMID: 21235006 DOI: 10.1002/ar.21311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2010] [Accepted: 10/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Glycoconjugates are biopolymers that are broadly distributed in the central nervous system, including the cell surface of neural stem cells or neural precursor cells (NSCs/NPCs). Glycoconjugates can be recognized by carbohydrate-binding proteins, lectins. Two lectins, Phaseolus vulgaris lectin agglutinin E-form (PHA-E4) and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) have been reported to be useful in isolating NSCs/NPCs by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) or immunopanning methods. In this study, we analyzed the lectin-binding properties of NSCs/NPCs in two neurogenic regions of the adult mouse brain to determine whether PHA-E4 and WGA exhibit specific binding patterns on sections and whether there are other lectins presenting the binding pattern similar to those of PHA-E4 and WGA in lectin histochemistry. Among nine types of lectins, peanut agglutinin was localized to the white matter and four lectins bound to cells within the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricle. Lectin histochemistry combined with immunohistochemistry demonstrated that one lectin, Ricinus communis agglutinin, specifically detected type A neuronal precursors and that the remaining three lectins, Agaricus bisporus agglutinin (ABA), PHA-E4, and WGA, recognized type B NSCs and type C transient amplifying cells in the SVZ. These three lectins also recognized type 1 quiescent neural progenitors and type 2a amplifying neural progenitors in the subgranular layer of the dentate gyrus. Lectin histochemistry of the neurosphere culture also yielded similar results. These observations suggest that, in addition to PHA-E4 and WGA, ABA lectin may also be applicable in FACS or immunopanning for the isolation of NSCs/NPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Kitada
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Histology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.
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30
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Zhang P, Lifen Tan D, Heng D, Wang T, Mariati, Yang Y, Song Z. A functional analysis of N-glycosylation-related genes on sialylation of recombinant erythropoietin in six commonly used mammalian cell lines. Metab Eng 2010; 12:526-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2010.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2010] [Revised: 07/28/2010] [Accepted: 08/31/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Huang HH, Stanley P. A testis-specific regulator of complex and hybrid N-glycan synthesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 190:893-910. [PMID: 20805325 PMCID: PMC2935569 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201004102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
GnT1IP inhibits GlcNAcT-1 to change N-glycosylation patterns on secretory proteins, potentially regulating germ cell adhesion to Sertoli cells during spermatogenesis. Database analyses identified 4933434I20Rik as a glycosyltransferase-like gene expressed mainly in testicular germ cells and regulated during spermatogenesis. Expression of a membrane-bound form of the protein resulted in a marked and specific reduction in N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I (GlcNAcT-I) activity and complex and hybrid N-glycan synthesis. Thus, the novel activity was termed GlcNAcT-I inhibitory protein (GnT1IP). Membrane-bound GnT1IP localizes to the ER, the ER-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC), and the cis-Golgi. Coexpression of membrane-anchored GnT1IP with GlcNAcT-I causes association of the two proteins, inactivation of GlcNAcT-I, and mislocalization of GlcNAcT-I from the medial-Golgi to earlier compartments. Therefore, GnT1IP is a regulator of GlcNAcT-I and complex and hybrid N-glycan production. Importantly, the formation of high mannose N-glycans resulting from inhibition of GlcNAcT-I by GnT1IP markedly increases the adhesion of CHO cells to TM4 Sertoli cells. Testicular germ cells might use GnT1IP to induce the expression of high mannose N-glycans on glycoproteins, thereby facilitating Sertoli–germ cell attachment at a particular stage of spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Hsiang Huang
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
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32
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Freeze HH, Kranz C. Endoglycosidase and glycoamidase release of N-linked glycans. CURRENT PROTOCOLS IN IMMUNOLOGY 2010; Chapter 8:8.15.1-8.15.25. [PMID: 20376844 DOI: 10.1002/0471142735.im0815s89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Nearly all proteins entering the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) become glycosylated en route to a cellular organelle, the plasma membrane, or the extracellular space. Many glycans can be attached to proteins, but the most common are the N-linked glycans (oligosaccharides). These chains are added very soon after a protein enters the ER, but they undergo extensive remodeling (processing), especially in the Golgi. Processing changes the sensitivity of the N-glycan to enzymes that cleave entire sugar chains or individual monosaccharides, which also changes the migration of the protein on SDS gels. These changes can be used to indicate when a protein has passed a particular subcellular location. This unit details some of the methods used to track a protein as it trafficks from the ER to the Golgi toward its final location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hudson H Freeze
- Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Christian Kranz
- Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California
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33
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Freeze HH, Kranz C. Endoglycosidase and glycoamidase release of N-linked glycans. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; Chapter 17:Unit 17.13A. [PMID: 20069534 DOI: 10.1002/0471142727.mb1713as89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Nearly all proteins entering the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) become glycosylated en route to a cellular organelle, the plasma membrane, or the extracellular space. Many glycans can be attached to proteins, but the most common are the N-linked glycans (oligosaccharides). These chains are added very soon after a protein enters the ER, but they undergo extensive remodeling (processing), especially in the Golgi. Processing changes the sensitivity of the N-glycan to enzymes that cleave entire sugar chains or individual monosaccharides, which also changes the migration of the protein on SDS gels. These changes can be used to indicate when a protein has passed a particular subcellular location. This unit details some of the methods used to track a protein as it traffics from the ER to the Golgi toward its final location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hudson H Freeze
- Burnham Institute for Medical Research, La Jolla, California, USA
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34
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North SJ, Jang-Lee J, Harrison R, Canis K, Ismail MN, Trollope A, Antonopoulos A, Pang PC, Grassi P, Al-Chalabi S, Etienne AT, Dell A, Haslam SM. Mass spectrometric analysis of mutant mice. Methods Enzymol 2010; 478:27-77. [PMID: 20816474 DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(10)78002-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry (MS) has proven to be the preeminent tool for the rapid, high-sensitivity analysis of the primary structure of glycans derived from diverse biological sources including cells, fluids, secretions, tissues, and organs. These analyses are anchored by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight (MALDI-TOF) analysis of permethylated derivatives of glycan pools released from the samples, to produce glycomic mass fingerprints. The application of complimentary techniques, such as chemical and enzymatic digestions, GC-MS linkage analysis, and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) utilizing both electrospray (ES) and MALDI-TOF/TOF, together with bioinformatic tools allows the elucidation of incrementally more detailed structural information from the sample(s) of interest. The mouse as a model organism offers many advantages in the study of human biology, health, and disease; it is a mammal, shares 99% genetic homology with humans and its genome supports targeted mutagenesis in specific genes to produce knockouts efficiently and precisely. Glycomic analyses of tissues and organs from mice genetically deficient in one or more glycosylation gene and comparison with data collected from wild-type samples enables the facile identification of changes and perturbations within the glycome. The Consortium for Functional Glycomics (CFG) has been applying such MS-based glycomic analyses to a range of murine tissues from both wild-type and glycosylation-knockout mice in order to provide a repository of structural data for the glycobiology community. In this chapter, we describe in detail the methodologies used to prepare, derivatize, purify, and analyze glycan pools from mouse organs and tissues by MS. We also present a summary of data produced from the CFG systematic structural analysis of wild-type and knockout mouse tissues, together with a detailed example of a glycomic analysis of the Mgat4a knockout mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon J North
- Division of Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Abstract
The interaction of cell surface receptors and transporters with cognate ligands depends on their concentration, distribution, and organization at the cellular surface. The majority of cell surface receptors and transporters are co- and/or post-translationally modified with asparagine (N)-linked oligosaccharides (glycans). N-Glycan number and structure combine to control the concentration of glycoproteins at the cell surface through interactions with endogenous lectins such as galectins. ER/Golgi enzyme activity and hexosamine pathway supply of Golgi metabolites co-dependently regulate N-glycan biosynthesis and combine to provide adaptive control over cell growth and differentiation. Studies in mice and humans have revealed metabolic and genetic dysregulation of N-glycosylation in T-cell-mediated autoimmunity. In this chapter, we describe methods used to analyze N-glycan-galectin interactions in controlling the distribution and organization of cell surface receptors and transporters.
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36
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Plattner VE, Germann B, Neuhaus W, Noe CR, Gabor F, Wirth M. Characterization of two blood-brain barrier mimicking cell lines: distribution of lectin-binding sites and perspectives for drug delivery. Int J Pharm 2009; 387:34-41. [PMID: 19963051 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2009.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2009] [Accepted: 11/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the present study plant lectins with distinct sugar specificities were applied to two blood-brain barrier (BBB) mimicking cell lines, namely human ECV304 and porcine brain microvascular endothelial cells PBMEC/C1-2 in order to elucidate their glycosylation pattern and to evaluate the lectin-cell interaction for lectin-mediated targeting. The bioadhesive properties of fluorescein-labeled lectins were investigated with monolayers as well as single cells using fluorimetry and flow cytometry, followed by confirmation of the specificity of binding. For PBMEC/C1-2 layers highest binding capacity was found for wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), followed by Dolichus biflorus agglutinin (DBA) whereas single cell experiments revealed a predominance of DBA only. Analyzing ECV304 monolayers and single cells, WGA yielded the strongest interaction without any changes during cultivation. The binding capacities of the other lectins increased significantly during differentiation. As similar results to primary cells and brain sections were observed, both cell lines seem to be suitable as models for lectin-interaction studies. Thus, an additional focus was set on the mechanisms involved in uptake and intracellular fate of selected lectins. Cytoinvasion studies were performed with WGA for human ECV304 cells and WGA as well as DBA for PBMEC/C1-2 cells. For both lectins, the association rate to the cells was dependent on temperature which indicated cellular uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- V E Plattner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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37
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Chen HL, Li CF, Grigorian A, Tian W, Demetriou M. T cell receptor signaling co-regulates multiple Golgi genes to enhance N-glycan branching. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:32454-61. [PMID: 19706602 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.023630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell receptor (TCR) signaling enhances beta1,6GlcNAc-branching in N-glycans, a phenotype that promotes growth arrest and inhibits autoimmunity by increasing surface retention of cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) via interactions with galectins. N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferase V (MGAT5) mediates beta1,6GlcNAc-branching by transferring N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) from UDP-GlcNAc to N-glycan substrates produced by the sequential action of Golgi alpha1,2-mannosidase I (MIa,b,c), MGAT1, alpha1,2-mannosidase II (MII, IIx), and MGAT2. Here we report that TCR signaling enhances mRNA levels of MIa,b,c and MII,IIx in parallel with MGAT5, whereas limiting levels of MGAT1 and MGAT2. Blocking the increase in MI or MII enzyme activity induced by TCR signaling with deoxymannojirimycin or swainsonine, respectively, limits beta1,6GlcNAc-branching, suggesting that enhanced MI and MII activity are both required for this phenotype. MGAT1 and MGAT2 have an approximately 250- and approximately 20-fold higher affinity for UDP-GlcNAc than MGAT5, respectively, and increasing MGAT1 expression paradoxically inhibits beta1,6GlcNAc branching by limiting UDP-GlcNAc supply to MGAT5, suggesting that restricted changes in MGAT1 and MGAT2 mRNA levels in TCR-stimulated cells serves to enhance availability of UDP-GlcNAc to MGAT5. Together, these data suggest that TCR signaling differentially regulates multiple N-glycan-processing enzymes at the mRNA level to cooperatively promote beta1,6GlcNAc branching, and by extension, CTLA-4 surface expression, T cell growth arrest, and self-tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Lin Chen
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
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38
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Lectin binding patterns reflect the phenotypic status of in vitro chondrocyte models. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2009; 45:351-60. [DOI: 10.1007/s11626-009-9186-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2008] [Accepted: 01/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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39
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Nakagawa H. The use of 2-dimensional mapping in medical research. TRENDS GLYCOSCI GLYC 2009. [DOI: 10.4052/tigg.21.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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40
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41
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Van Dyken SJ, Locksley RM. Autoimmunity: Altered self‐
N
‐glycans trigger innate‐mediated autoimmunity. Immunol Cell Biol 2007; 85:572-4. [PMID: 17909561 DOI: 10.1038/sj.icb.7100122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Van Dyken
- Department of Medicine and Microbiology/Immunology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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42
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Hamaguchi J, Nakagawa H, Takahashi M, Kudo T, Kamiyama N, Sun B, Oshima T, Sato Y, Deguchi K, Todo S, Nishimura SI. Swainsonine reduces 5-fluorouracil tolerance in the multistage resistance of colorectal cancer cell lines. Mol Cancer 2007; 6:58. [PMID: 17883871 PMCID: PMC2071919 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-6-58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2007] [Accepted: 09/21/2007] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Drug resistance is a major problem in cancer chemotherapy. Acquisition of chemo-resistance not only reduces the effectiveness of drugs, but also promotes side effects and markedly reduces the patient's quality of life. However, a number of resistance mechanisms have been reported and are thought to be the reason for the difficulties in solving drug-resistance problems. Result To investigate the mechanisms of drug resistance, a set of cell lines with different levels of sensitivity and possessing different mechanisms of resistance to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) was established from a colorectal cancer cell line. The expression of thymidylate synthase, orotic acid phosphoribosyltransferase and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase, which are well known to be related to drug resistance, differed among these cell lines, indicating that these cell lines acquired different resistance mechanisms. However, swainsonine, an inhibitor of N-glycan biosynthesis, reduced 5-FU-tolerance in all resistant cells, whereas the sensitivity of the parental cells was unchanged. Further analysis of the N-glycan profiles of all cell lines showed partial inhibition of biosynthesis and no cytotoxicity at the swainsonine dosage tested. Conclusion These observations suggest that N-linked oligosaccharides affect 5-FU resistance more widely than do drug-resistance related enzymes in colorectal cancer cells, and that the N-glycan could be a universal target for chemotherapy. Further, swainsonine may enhance the performance of chemotherapy by reducing tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hamaguchi
- Department of General Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nakagawa
- Graduate School of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, 001-0021, Japan
| | - Masato Takahashi
- Department of General Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Takeaki Kudo
- Department of General Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Naoya Kamiyama
- Department of Sensory Physiology, Asahikawa Medical College, Asahikawa 078-8510, Japan
| | - Bailong Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Takahiro Oshima
- Department of General Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Yuji Sato
- Department of General Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Kisaburo Deguchi
- Graduate School of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, 001-0021, Japan
| | - Satoru Todo
- Department of General Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Nishimura
- Graduate School of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, 001-0021, Japan
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Green RS, Stone EL, Tenno M, Lehtonen E, Farquhar MG, Marth JD. Mammalian N-glycan branching protects against innate immune self-recognition and inflammation in autoimmune disease pathogenesis. Immunity 2007; 27:308-20. [PMID: 17681821 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2007.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2007] [Revised: 06/07/2007] [Accepted: 06/12/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are prevalent and often life-threatening syndromes, yet the pathogenic triggers and mechanisms involved remain mostly unresolved. Protein asparagine linked- (N-) glycosylation produces glycan structures that substantially differ among the extracellular compartments of evolutionarily divergent organisms. Alpha-mannosidase-II (alphaM-II) deficiency diminishes complex-type N-glycan branching in vertebrates and induces an autoimmune disease in mice similar to human systemic lupus erythematosus. We found that disease pathogenesis provoking glomerulonephritis and kidney failure was nonhematopoietic in origin, independent of complement C3 and the adaptive immune system, mitigated by intravenous administration of immunoglobulin-G, and linked to chronic activation of the innate immune system. N-glycans produced in alphaM-II deficiency bear immune-stimulatory mannose-dependent ligands for innate immune lectin receptors, disrupting the phylogenic basis of this glycomic recognition mechanism. Thus, mammalian N-glycan branching safeguards against the formation of an endogenous immunologic signal of nonself that can provoke a sterile inflammatory response in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan S Green
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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44
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Voglmeir J, Voglauer R, Wilson IBH. XT-II, the second isoform of human peptide-O-xylosyltransferase, displays enzymatic activity. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:5984-90. [PMID: 17194707 PMCID: PMC2850172 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m608087200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptide O-xylosyltransferase (EC 2.4.2.26) is the first enzyme required for the generation of chondroitin and heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycan chains of proteoglycans. Cloning of cDNAs has previously shown that, whereas invertebrates generally have a single xylosyltransferase gene, vertebrate genomes encode two similar proteins, xylosyltransferase I and II (XT-I and XT-II). To date, enzymatic activity has only been demonstrated for the human XT-I, Caenorhabditis SQV-6, and Drosophila OXT isoforms. In the present study, we demonstrate that a soluble form of human XT-II expressed in the xylosyltransferase-deficient pgsA-745 (S745) Chinese hamster ovary cell line is indeed capable of catalyzing the transfer of xylose to a variety of peptide substrates; its enzyme activity was also proven using a Pichia-expressed form of XT-II. Its pH, temperature, and cation dependences are similar to those of XT-I expressed in either mammalian cells or yeast. Our data suggest that XT-I and XT-II are, at least in vitro, functionally identical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Voglmeir
- Department für Chemie, Universität für Bodenkultur, A-1190 Wien, Austria
| | - Regina Voglauer
- Institut für Angewandte Mikrobiologie, Universität für Bodenkultur, A-1190 Wien, Austria
| | - Iain B. H. Wilson
- Department für Chemie, Universität für Bodenkultur, A-1190 Wien, Austria
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Tremblay LO, Nagy Kovács E, Daniels E, Wong NK, Sutton-Smith M, Morris HR, Dell A, Marcinkiewicz E, Seidah NG, McKerlie C, Herscovics A. Respiratory distress and neonatal lethality in mice lacking Golgi alpha1,2-mannosidase IB involved in N-glycan maturation. J Biol Chem 2006; 282:2558-66. [PMID: 17121831 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m608661200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
There are three mammalian Golgi alpha1,2-mannosidases, encoded by different genes, that form Man5GlcNAc2 from Man(8-9)GlcNAc2 for the biosynthesis of hybrid and complex N-glycans. Northern blot analysis and in situ hybridization indicate that the three paralogs display distinct developmental and tissue-specific expression. The physiological role of Golgi alpha1,2-mannosidase IB was investigated by targeted gene ablation. The null mice have normal gross appearance at birth, but they display respiratory distress and die within a few hours. Histology of fetal lungs the day before birth indicate some delay in development, whereas neonatal lungs show extensive pulmonary hemorrhage in the alveolar region. No significant histopathological changes occur in other tissues. No remarkable ultrastructural differences are detected between wild type and null lungs. The membranes of a subset of bronchiolar epithelial cells are stained with lectins from Phaseolus vulgaris (leukoagglutinin and erythroagglutinin) and Datura stramonium in wild type lungs, but this staining disappears in lungs from null mice. Mass spectrometry of N-glycans from different tissues shows no significant changes in global N-glycans of null mice. Therefore, only a few glycoproteins required for normal lung function depend on alpha1,2-mannosidase IB for maturation. There are no apparent differences in the expression of several lung epithelial cell and endothelial cell markers between null and wild type mice. The alpha1,2-mannosidase IB null phenotype differs from phenotypes caused by ablation of other enzymes in N-glycan biosynthesis and from other mouse gene disruptions that affect pulmonary development and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda O Tremblay
- McGill Cancer Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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46
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Hato M, Nakagawa H, Kurogochi M, Akama TO, Marth JD, Fukuda MN, Nishimura SI. Unusual N-Glycan Structures in α-Mannosidase II/IIx Double Null Embryos Identified by a Systematic Glycomics Approach Based on Two-dimensional LC Mapping and Matrix-dependent Selective Fragmentation Method in MALDI-TOF/TOF Mass Spectrometry. Mol Cell Proteomics 2006; 5:2146-57. [PMID: 16899540 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m600213-mcp200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
alpha-Mannosidase IIx (MX) is an enzyme closely related to alpha-mannosidase II (MII), a key enzyme in N-glycan biosynthesis that catalyzes the first step in conversion of hybrid- to complex-type N-glycans in Golgi apparatus. Recently we generated MII/MX double knock-out mice and found that double nulls completely lack the complex-type N-glycans (Akama, T. O., Nakagawa, H., Wong, N. K., Sutton-Smith, M., Dell, A., Morris, H. R., Nakayama, J., Nishimura, S.-I., Pai, A., Moremen, K. W., Marth, J. D., and Fukuda, M. N. (2006) Essential and mutually compensatory roles of alpha-mannosidase II and alpha-mannosidase IIx in N-glycan processing in vivo in mice. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 103, 8983-8988). In the present study, we determined minor but unusual N-glycan structures found in MII/MX double knock-out mice. We identified such N-glycans by a systematic glycomics approach applying a two-dimensional LC mapping database and matrix-dependent selective fragmentation technique in MALDI-TOF/TOF MS, a highly sensitive and reliable technique that provides specific fragmentations enabling the determination of precise oligosaccharide structures including regioisomers (Kurogochi, M., and Nishimura, S.-I. (2004) Structural characterization of N-glycopeptides by matrix-dependent selective fragmentation of MALDI-TOF/TOF tandem mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 76, 6097-6101). Quantitative profiling of all N-glycan structures including minor components from MII/MX nulls, MII nulls, MX nulls, and wild-type mice at embryonic day 15.5 yielded a total of 37 species when structural heterogeneity was reduced by the removal of the sialic acids. Among six unusual N-glycan structures, two glycoforms were novel and were found only in MII/MX double nulls. We characterize such structure as pseudocomplex-type N-glycans. The present study demonstrated that use of the versatile matrix-dependent selective fragmentation method in MALDI-TOF/TOF MS greatly accelerates detailed structural analysis of a trace amount of N-glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Hato
- Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Biology, Graduate School of Advanced Life Science, Frontier Research Center for Post-Genome Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, N21, W11, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
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47
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Paschinger K, Hackl M, Gutternigg M, Kretschmer-Lubich D, Stemmer U, Jantsch V, Lochnit G, Wilson IBH. A deletion in the golgi alpha-mannosidase II gene of Caenorhabditis elegans results in unexpected non-wild-type N-glycan structures. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:28265-77. [PMID: 16864579 PMCID: PMC2848328 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m602878200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The processing of N-linked oligosaccharides by alpha-mannosidases in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi is a process conserved in plants and animals. After the transfer of a GlcNAc residue to Asn-bound Man(5)GlcNAc(2) by N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I, an alpha-mannosidase (EC 3.2.1.114) removes one alpha1,3-linked and one alpha1,6-linked mannose residue. In this study, we have identified the relevant alpha-mannosidase II gene (aman-2; F58H1.1) from Caenorhabditis elegans and have detected its activity in both native and recombinant forms. For comparative studies, the two other cDNAs encoding class II mannosidases aman-1 (F55D10.1) and aman-3 (F48C1.1) were cloned; the corresponding enzymes are, respectively, a putative lysosomal alpha-mannosidase and a Co(II)-activated alpha-mannosidase. The analysis of the N-glycan structures of an aman-2 mutant strain demonstrates that the absence of alpha-mannosidase II activity results in a shift to structures not seen in wild-type worms (e.g. N-glycans with the composition Hex(5-7)HexNAc(2-3)Fuc(2)Me) and an accumulation of hybrid oligosaccharides. Paucimannosidic glycans are almost absent from aman-2 worms, indicative also of a general lack of alpha-mannosidase III activity. We hypothesize that there is a tremendous flexibility in the glycosylation pathway of C. elegans that does not impinge, under standard laboratory conditions, on the viability of worms with glycotypes very unlike the wild-type pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthias Hackl
- Department für Chemie, Universität für Bodenkultur, A-1190 Wien, Austria
| | - Martin Gutternigg
- Department für Chemie, Universität für Bodenkultur, A-1190 Wien, Austria
| | | | - Ute Stemmer
- Department für Chemie, Universität für Bodenkultur, A-1190 Wien, Austria
| | - Verena Jantsch
- Abteilung für Chromosomenbiologie, Vienna Biocenter II, A-1030 Wien
| | - Günter Lochnit
- Institut für Biochemie, Justus-Liebig Universität, D-35292 Giessen, Germany
| | - Iain B. H. Wilson
- Department für Chemie, Universität für Bodenkultur, A-1190 Wien, Austria
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48
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Akama TO, Fukuda MN. N-Glycan structure analysis using lectins and an alpha-mannosidase activity assay. Methods Enzymol 2006; 416:304-14. [PMID: 17113875 DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(06)16020-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-mannosidase IIx (MX) and alpha-mannosidase II (MII) are homologous enzymes whose critical roles in N-glycan processing were established in large part by analysis of the MII/MX double-knockout mouse. To analyze the structures of N-glycans synthesized in the mutant mice, we employed lectin blot and lectin histochemistry in addition to mass spectrometry analysis and two-dimensional high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) mapping. We also produced soluble MII and MX by transfecting mammalian cells with expression vectors and determined substrate specificity of MX. This chapter describes methods using lectins to analyze N-glycans in knockout mice and provides a protocol to assay alpha-mannosidase activity using soluble MX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya O Akama
- Glycobiology Program, Cancer Research Center, The Burnham Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
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