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Kemp D, De Souza RA. One Stone, Two Birds: Using High Electric Fields to Enhance the Mobility and the Concentration of Point Defects in Ion-Conducting Solids. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:4783-4794. [PMID: 38344804 PMCID: PMC10885144 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c12843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Improving the ionic conductivity of outstanding, composition-optimized crystalline electrolytes is a major challenge. Achieving increases of orders of magnitude requires, conceivably, highly nonlinear effects. One known possibility is the use of high electric fields to increase point-defect mobility. In this study, we investigate quantitatively a second possibility that high electric fields can increase substantially point-defect concentrations. As a model system, we take a pyrochlore oxide (La2Zr2O7) for its combination of structural vacancies and dominant anti-Frenkel disorder; we perform molecular-dynamics simulations with many-body potentials as a function of temperature and applied electric field. Results within the linear regime yield the activation enthalpies and entropies of oxygen-vacancy and oxygen-interstitial migration, and from three independent methods, the enthalpy and entropy of anti-Frenkel disorder. Transport data for the nonlinear regime are consistent with field-enhanced defect concentrations and defect mobilities. A route for separating the two effects is shown, and an analytical expression for the quantitative prediction of the field-dependent anti-Frenkel equilibrium constant is derived. In summary, we demonstrate that the one stone of a nonlinear driving force can be used to hit two birds of defect behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Kemp
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Roger A De Souza
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, 52056 Aachen, Germany
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2
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Mahmud G, Zhang H, Douglas JF. Localization model description of the interfacial dynamics of crystalline Cu and Cu 64Zr 36 metallic glass films. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:124508. [PMID: 33003746 DOI: 10.1063/5.0022937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies of structural relaxation in Cu-Zr metallic glass materials having a range of compositions and over a wide range of temperatures and in crystalline UO2 under superionic conditions have indicated that the localization model (LM) can predict the structural relaxation time τα of these materials from the intermediate scattering function without any free parameters from the particle mean square displacement ⟨r2⟩ at a caging time on the order of ps, i.e., the "Debye-Waller factor" (DWF). In the present work, we test whether this remarkable relation between the "fast" picosecond dynamics and the rate of structural relaxation τα in these model amorphous and crystalline materials can be extended to the prediction of the local interfacial dynamics of model amorphous and crystalline films. Specifically, we simulate the free-standing amorphous Cu64Zr36 and crystalline Cu films and find that the LM provides an excellent parameter-free prediction for τα of the interfacial region. We also show that the Tammann temperature, defining the initial formation of a mobile interfacial layer, can be estimated precisely for both crystalline and glass-forming solid materials from the condition that the DWFs of the interfacial region and the material interior coincide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gazi Mahmud
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Jack F Douglas
- Material Measurement Laboratory, Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
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3
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Zhang H, Wang X, Chremos A, Douglas JF. Superionic UO2: A model anharmonic crystalline material. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:174506. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5091042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Alexandros Chremos
- Material Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - Jack F. Douglas
- Material Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
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4
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Evolution of the crystalline structure of zirconia nanoparticles during their hydrothermal synthesis and calcination: Insights into the incorporations of hydroxyls into the lattice. Ann Ital Chir 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2015.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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5
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Bahl S, Shreyas P, Trishul MA, Suwas S, Chatterjee K. Enhancing the mechanical and biological performance of a metallic biomaterial for orthopedic applications through changes in the surface oxide layer by nanocrystalline surface modification. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:7704-7716. [PMID: 25833718 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr00574d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Nanostructured metals are a promising class of biomaterials for application in orthopedics to improve the mechanical performance and biological response for increasing the life of biomedical implants. Surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT) is an efficient way of engineering nanocrystalline surfaces on metal substrates. In this work, 316L stainless steel (SS), a widely used orthopedic biomaterial, was subjected to SMAT to generate a nanocrystalline surface. Surface nanocrystallization modified the nature of the oxide layer present on the surface. It increased the corrosion-fatigue strength in saline by 50%. This increase in strength is attributed to a thicker oxide layer, residual compressive stresses, high strength of the surface layer, and lower propensity for intergranular corrosion in the nanocrystalline layer. Nanocrystallization also enhanced osteoblast attachment and proliferation. Intriguingly, wettability and surface roughness, the key parameters widely acknowledged for controlling the cellular response remained unchanged after nanocrystallization. The observed cellular behavior is explained in terms of the changes in electronic properties of the semiconducting passive oxide film present on the surface of 316L SS. Nanocrystallization increased the charge carrier density of the n-type oxide film likely preventing denaturation of the adsorbed cell-adhesive proteins such as fibronectin. In addition, a net positive charge developed on the otherwise neutral oxide layer, which is known to facilitate cellular adhesion. The role of changes in the electronic properties of the oxide films on metal substrates is thus highlighted in this work. This study demonstrates the advantages of nanocrystalline surface modification by SMAT for processing metallic biomaterials used in orthopedic implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Bahl
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India 560012.
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6
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Zhang H, Yang Y, Douglas JF. Influence of string-like cooperative atomic motion on surface diffusion in the (110) interfacial region of crystalline Ni. J Chem Phys 2015; 142:084704. [PMID: 25725748 DOI: 10.1063/1.4908136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although we often think about crystalline materials in terms of highly organized arrays of atoms, molecules, or even colloidal particles, many of the important properties of this diverse class of materials relating to their catalytic behavior, thermodynamic stability, and mechanical properties derive from the dynamics and thermodynamics of their interfacial regions, which we find they have a dynamics more like glass-forming (GF) liquids than crystals at elevated temperatures. This is a general problem arising in any attempt to model the properties of naturally occurring crystalline materials since many aspects of the dynamics of glass-forming liquids remain mysterious. We examine the nature of this phenomenon in the "simple" case of the (110) interface of crystalline Ni, based on a standard embedded-atom model potential, and we then quantify the collective dynamics in this interfacial region using newly developed methods for characterizing the cooperative dynamics of glass-forming liquids. As in our former studies of the interfacial dynamics of grain-boundaries and the interfacial dynamics of crystalline Ni nanoparticles (NPs), we find that the interface of bulk crystalline Ni exhibits all the characteristics of glass-forming materials, even at temperatures well below the equilibrium crystal melting temperature, Tm. This perspective offers a new approach to modeling and engineering the properties of crystalline materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Alberta T6G 2V4, Canada
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Alberta T6G 2V4, Canada
| | - Jack F Douglas
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
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7
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Grain boundaries in nanocrystalline catalytic materials as a source of surface chemical functionality. REV CHEM ENG 2014. [DOI: 10.1515/revce-2014-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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8
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Mukai T, Tsukui S, Yoshida K, Yamaguchi S, Hatayama R, Adachi M, Ishibashi H, Kakehi Y, Satoh K, Kusaka T, Goretta KC. Fabrication of Y 2O 3-Doped Zirconia/Gadolinia-Doped Ceria Bilayer Electrolyte Thin Film SOFC Cells of SOFCs by Single-Pulsed Laser Deposition Processing. JOURNAL OF FUEL CELL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2013; 10. [PMCID: PMC3994766 DOI: 10.1115/1.4025064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2013] [Revised: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
An 8 -mol. % Y2O3-doped zirconia/10-mol. % GdO2-doped ceria (YSZ/GDC) bilayer electrolyte and a Gd0.5Sr0.5CoO3 (GSCO) cathode were deposited by a single-processing, pulsed laser deposition (PLD) method to fabricate anode support cells. No additional heat treatment was needed. Laser frequencies of 10, 20, and 100 Hz were used to deposit bilayer electrolytes between the NiO–YSZ (NiO:YSZ = 60:40 wt. %) anode substrate and the GSCO cathode thin film. The GDC thin film produced at 10 Hz was smooth, well-crystallized, and highly dense. The crystallinity of the GSCO cathode on the GDC was also improved. We concluded the GDC crystallinity affected the crystallinity of the cathode thin film. The resistivity of the YSZ single layer (5.7 μm thickness) was 1.4 times higher than that of the YSZ/GDC bilayer (YSZ 3.0 μm thickness, GDC 2.7 μm thickness) at 600 °C and that of the YSZ-GDC interface became low. The optimum YSZ thickness was found to be approximately 3.0 μm, at which thickness there was effective blocking of the passage of hydrogen molecules and electrons. A cell with a YSZ (3.0 μm thickness, fabricated at 20 Hz)/GDC (5.0 μm thickness, fabricated at 10 Hz) bilayer and GSCO cathode thin film exhibited a maximum power density of 400 mW·cm–2 at a comparatively low temperature of 600 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - S. Tsukui
- Department of Chemical Engineering,Osaka Prefecture University,1-1, Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai,Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - K. Yoshida
- Division of General Education,Tokyo Metropolitan College ofIndustrial Technology,8-17-1, Minamisennju, Arakawa-ku,Tokyo 116-0003, Japan
| | | | | | - M. Adachi
- Department of Chemical Engineering,Osaka Prefecture University,1-1, Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai,Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - H. Ishibashi
- Department of Physical Science,Osaka Prefecture University,1-1, Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai,Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | | | | | - T. Kusaka
- Technology Research Institute ofOsaka Prefecture,2-7-1, Ayumino, Izumi-si,Osaka 594-1157, Japan
| | - K. C. Goretta
- International Office,Air Force Office of Scientific Research,Arlington, VA 22203-1768
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9
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Chao CC, Park JS, Tian X, Shim JH, Gür TM, Prinz FB. Enhanced oxygen exchange on surface-engineered yttria-stabilized zirconia. ACS NANO 2013; 7:2186-2191. [PMID: 23397972 DOI: 10.1021/nn305122f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Ion conducting oxides are commonly used as electrolytes in electrochemical devices including solid oxide fuel cells and oxygen sensors. A typical issue with these oxide electrolytes is sluggish oxygen surface kinetics at the gas-electrolyte interface. An approach to overcome this sluggish kinetics is by engineering the oxide surface with a lower oxygen incorporation barrier. In this study, we engineered the surface doping concentration of a common oxide electrolyte, yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ), with the help of atomic layer deposition (ALD). On optimizing the dopant concentration at the surface of single-crystal YSZ, a 5-fold increase in the oxygen surface exchange coefficient of the electrolyte was observed using isotopic oxygen exchange experiments coupled with secondary ion mass spectrometer measurements. The results demonstrate that electrolyte surface engineering with ALD can have a meaningful impact on the performance of electrochemical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Chieh Chao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States.
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10
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Gerstl M, Friedbacher G, Kubel F, Hutter H, Fleig J. The relevance of interfaces for oxide ion transport in yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) thin films. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:1097-107. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp42347b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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11
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Gerstl M, Navickas E, Leitgeb M, Friedbacher G, Kubel F, Fleig J. The grain and grain boundary impedance of sol-gel prepared thin layers of yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ). SOLID STATE IONICS 2012; 225:732-736. [PMID: 27570329 PMCID: PMC4986287 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssi.2012.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2011] [Revised: 01/30/2012] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Separating grain and grain boundary impedance contributions of ion conducting thin films is a highly non-trivial task. Recently, it could be shown that long, thin, closely spaced, and interdigitally arranged electrodes enabled such a separation on pulsed laser deposited yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) thin films. In this contribution, the same approach was used to investigate YSZ layers prepared by the sol-gel route on sapphire substrates. Grain and grain boundary properties were quantified for layers between 28 and 168 nm thickness. Only for the thinnest of the investigated layers, a deviation from macroscopic bulk properties was found, which could be correlated to interfacial strain in the epitaxial layer. A dependence of the preferential orientation on the film thickness was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Gerstl
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9-164, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - E. Navickas
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9-164, 1060 Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Materials Science, Kaunas University of Technology, Savanoriu 271, 50131 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - M. Leitgeb
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9-164, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - G. Friedbacher
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9-164, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - F. Kubel
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9-164, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - J. Fleig
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9-164, 1060 Vienna, Austria
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12
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Measuring oxygen reduction/evolution reactions on the nanoscale. Nat Chem 2011; 3:707-13. [DOI: 10.1038/nchem.1112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2011] [Accepted: 07/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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13
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Gerstl M, Navickas E, Friedbacher G, Kubel F, Ahrens M, Fleig J. The separation of grain and grain boundary impedance in thin yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) layers. SOLID STATE IONICS 2011; 185:32-41. [PMID: 27570327 PMCID: PMC4986312 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssi.2011.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2010] [Revised: 12/10/2010] [Accepted: 01/14/2011] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
An improved electrode geometry is proposed to study thin ion conducting films by impedance spectroscopy. It is shown that long, thin, and closely spaced electrodes arranged interdigitally allow a separation of grain and grain boundary effects also in very thin films. This separation is shown to be successful for yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) layers thinner than 20 nm. In a series of experiments it is demonstrated that the extracted parameters correspond to the YSZ grain boundary and grain bulk resistances or to grain boundary and substrate capacitances. Results also show that our YSZ films produced by pulsed-laser deposition (PLD) on sapphire substrates exhibit a bulk conductivity which is very close to that of macroscopic YSZ samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Gerstl
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9-164/EC, 1060 Vienna, Austria
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +43 158801164150.
| | - E. Navickas
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9-164/EC, 1060 Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Materials Science, Kaunas University of Technology, Savanoriu 271, 50131 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - G. Friedbacher
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9-164/EC, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - F. Kubel
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9-164/EC, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - M. Ahrens
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9-164/EC, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - J. Fleig
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9-164/EC, 1060 Vienna, Austria
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14
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Gerstl M, Frömling T, Schintlmeister A, Hutter H, Fleig J. Measurement of 18O tracer diffusion coefficients in thin yttria stabilized zirconia films. SOLID STATE IONICS 2011; 184:23-26. [PMID: 27570326 PMCID: PMC4986288 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssi.2010.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2010] [Revised: 08/20/2010] [Accepted: 08/22/2010] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this paper we present a method to measure oxygen tracer diffusion coefficients in thin ion conducting films without being limited by slow oxygen incorporation kinetics. The method is based on a two step process. In the first step a substantial amount of 18O tracer is locally incorporated for example into an yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) layer at low temperatures with the aid of an electric current, thus overcoming slow thermal oxygen exchange while still limiting lateral diffusion to a minimum. In the second step controlled diffusion takes place at elevated temperatures in ultra high vacuum (UHV) to impede loss of tracer due to oxygen exchange at the film surface. In this second step the surface of the thin film may additionally be modified compared to the oxygen incorporation step. This allows to easily investigate effects of interfaces on ion transport. The achieved in-plane concentration profiles are then measured by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). Comparison with electrical measurements on YSZ thin films proves the applicability of the method.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Gerstl
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9-164/EC, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - T. Frömling
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9-164/EC, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - A. Schintlmeister
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9-164/EC, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - H. Hutter
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9-164/EC, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - J. Fleig
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9-164/EC, 1060 Vienna, Austria
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15
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Sankaranarayanan SKRS, Ramanathan S. Interface proximity effects on ionic conductivity in nanoscale oxide-ion conducting yttria stabilized zirconia: An atomistic simulation study. J Chem Phys 2011; 134:064703. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3549891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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16
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Ma Y, Wang X, Li S, Toprak MS, Zhu B, Muhammed M. Samarium-doped ceria nanowires: novel synthesis and application in low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2010; 22:1640-1644. [PMID: 20496396 DOI: 10.1002/adma.200903402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ma
- Functional Materials Division, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, SE-16440, Sweden
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17
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Zhu B. Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) technical challenges and solutions from nano-aspects. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH 2009; 33:1126-1137. [DOI: 10.1002/er.1600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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18
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Garcia-Barriocanal J, Rivera-Calzada A, Varela M, Sefrioui Z, Díaz-Guillén MR, Moreno KJ, Díaz-Guillén JA, Iborra E, Fuentes AF, Pennycook SJ, Leon C, Santamaria J. Tailoring disorder and dimensionality: strategies for improved solid oxide fuel cell electrolytes. Chemphyschem 2009; 10:1003-11. [PMID: 19330781 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200800691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Reducing the operation temperature of solid oxide fuel cells is a major challenge towards their widespread use for power generation. This has triggered an intense materials research effort involving the search for novel electrolytes with higher ionic conductivity near room temperature. Two main directions are being currently followed: the use of doping strategies for the synthesis of new bulk materials and the implementation of nanotechnology routes for the fabrication of artificial nanostructures with improved properties. In this paper, we review our recent work on solid oxide fuel cell electrolyte materials in these two directions, with special emphasis on the importance of disorder and reduced dimensionality in determining ion conductivity. Substitution of Ti for Zr in the A(2)Zr(2-) (y)Ti(y)O(7) (A = Y, Dy, and Gd) series, directly related to yttria stabilized zirconia (a common fuel cell electrolyte), allows controlling ion mobility over wide ranges. In the second scenario we describe the strong enhancement of the conductivity occurring at the interfaces of superlattices made by alternating strontium titanate and yttria stabilized zirconia ultrathin films. We conclude that cooperative effects in oxygen dynamics play a primary role in determining ion mobility of bulk and artificially nanolayered materials and should be considered in the design of new electrolytes with enhanced conductivity.
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19
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De Souza RA, Pietrowski MJ, Anselmi-Tamburini U, Kim S, Munir ZA, Martin M. Oxygen diffusion in nanocrystalline yttria-stabilized zirconia: the effect of grain boundaries. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2008; 10:2067-72. [DOI: 10.1039/b719363g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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20
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Pannocchia G, Puccini M, Seggiani M, Vitolo S. Experimental and Modeling Studies on High-Temperature Capture of CO2 Using Lithium Zirconate Based Sorbents. Ind Eng Chem Res 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/ie0616949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Pannocchia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Industrial Chemistry and Science of Materials, University of Pisa, Via Diotisalvi, 2, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Monica Puccini
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Industrial Chemistry and Science of Materials, University of Pisa, Via Diotisalvi, 2, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Maurizia Seggiani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Industrial Chemistry and Science of Materials, University of Pisa, Via Diotisalvi, 2, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Sandra Vitolo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Industrial Chemistry and Science of Materials, University of Pisa, Via Diotisalvi, 2, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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21
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Fernández-García M, Martínez-Arias A, Hanson JC, Rodriguez JA. Nanostructured Oxides in Chemistry: Characterization and Properties. Chem Rev 2004; 104:4063-104. [PMID: 15352786 DOI: 10.1021/cr030032f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 803] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Fernández-García
- Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica, CSIC, C/ Marie Curie s/n, Campus Cantoblanco, 28049-Madrid, Spain
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