1
|
Alpuche-Lazcano SP, Scarborough RJ, Gatignol A. MicroRNAs and long non-coding RNAs during transcriptional regulation and latency of HIV and HTLV. Retrovirology 2024; 21:5. [PMID: 38424561 PMCID: PMC10905857 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-024-00637-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and human T cell leukemia virus (HTLV) have replicative and latent stages of infection. The status of the viruses is dependent on the cells that harbour them and on different events that change the transcriptional and post-transcriptional events. Non-coding (nc)RNAs are key factors in the regulation of retrovirus replication cycles. Notably, micro (mi)RNAs and long non-coding (lnc)RNAs are important regulators that can induce switches between active transcription-replication and latency of retroviruses and have important impacts on their pathogenesis. Here, we review the functions of miRNAs and lncRNAs in the context of HIV and HTLV. We describe how specific miRNAs and lncRNAs are involved in the regulation of the viruses' transcription, post-transcriptional regulation and latency. We further discuss treatment strategies using ncRNAs for HIV and HTLV long remission, reactivation or possible cure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio P Alpuche-Lazcano
- Virus-Cell Interactions Laboratory, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, 3999, Côte Ste Catherine St., Montréal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
- National Research Council Canada, Montréal, QC, H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - Robert J Scarborough
- Virus-Cell Interactions Laboratory, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, 3999, Côte Ste Catherine St., Montréal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Anne Gatignol
- Virus-Cell Interactions Laboratory, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, 3999, Côte Ste Catherine St., Montréal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Martella C, Waast L, Pique C. [Tax, the puppet master of HTLV-1 transcription]. Med Sci (Paris) 2022; 38:359-365. [PMID: 35485896 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2022039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Retroviruses exploit the RNA polymerase II transcription machinery for the transcription of their genes. This is the case of Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1), the retrovirus responsible for adult T-cell leukemia and for various inflammatory diseases. HTLV-1 transcription is under the control of the viral protein Tax, which exhibits an original mode of action since it does not rely on direct promoter interaction but rather on the recruitment of various cellular factors and cofactors of transcription. The factors that Tax recruits are involved in the initial step of promoter activation but also in the subsequent steps of the transcription process itself. This review describes this particular mechanism of viral transcription, from the epigenetic release of the viral promoter to the elongation of the neosynthesized viral silencing transcripts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Martella
- Équipe Rétrovirus, infection et latence, Université Paris Cité, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Institut Cochin, 22 rue Méchain, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Laetitia Waast
- Équipe Rétrovirus, infection et latence, Université Paris Cité, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Institut Cochin, 22 rue Méchain, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Claudine Pique
- Équipe Rétrovirus, infection et latence, Université Paris Cité, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Institut Cochin, 22 rue Méchain, 75014 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Epigenetic Regulation of Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Gene Expression. Microorganisms 2021; 10:microorganisms10010084. [PMID: 35056532 PMCID: PMC8781281 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10010084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral and cellular gene expression are regulated by epigenetic alterations, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, nucleosome positioning, and chromatin looping. Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a pathogenic retrovirus associated with inflammatory disorders and T-cell lymphoproliferative malignancy. The transforming activity of HTLV-1 is driven by the viral oncoprotein Tax, which acts as a transcriptional activator of the cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) pathways. The epigenetic effects of Tax and the induction of lymphoproliferative malignancy include alterations in DNA methylation and histone modifications. In addition, alterations in nucleosome positioning and DNA looping also occur in HTLV-1-induced malignant cells. A mechanistic definition of these effects will pave the way to new therapies for HTLV-1-associated disorders.
Collapse
|
4
|
Guo N, Zheng D, Sun J, Lv J, Wang S, Fang Y, Zhao Z, Zeng S, Guo Q, Tong J, Wang Z. NAP1L5 Promotes Nucleolar Hypertrophy and Is Required for Translation Activation During Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:791501. [PMID: 34977198 PMCID: PMC8718910 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.791501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathological growth of cardiomyocytes during hypertrophy is characterized by excess protein synthesis; however, the regulatory mechanism remains largely unknown. Using a neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs) model, here we find that the expression of nucleosome assembly protein 1 like 5 (Nap1l5) is upregulated in phenylephrine (PE)-induced hypertrophy. Knockdown of Nap1l5 expression by siRNA significantly blocks cell size enlargement and pathological gene induction after PE treatment. In contrast, Adenovirus-mediated Nap1l5 overexpression significantly aggravates the pro-hypertrophic effects of PE on NRVMs. RNA-seq analysis reveals that Nap1l5 knockdown reverses the pro-hypertrophic transcriptome reprogramming after PE treatment. Whereas, immune response is dominantly enriched in the upregulated genes, oxidative phosphorylation, cardiac muscle contraction and ribosome-related pathways are remarkably enriched in the down-regulated genes. Although Nap1l5-mediated gene regulation is correlated with PRC2 and PRC1, Nap1l5 does not directly alter the levels of global histone methylations at K4, K9, K27 or K36. However, puromycin incorporation assay shows that Nap1l5 is both necessary and sufficient to promote protein synthesis in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. This is attributable to a direct regulation of nucleolus hypertrophy and subsequent ribosome assembly. Our findings demonstrate a previously unrecognized role of Nap1l5 in translation control during cardiac hypertrophy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Di Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiaxin Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian Lv
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Fang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenyi Zhao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Health Science Center, School of Pharmacy, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Sai Zeng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuxiao Guo
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Tong
- School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Jingjing Tong
| | - Zhihua Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Zhihua Wang
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pires E, Sharma N, Selemenakis P, Wu B, Huang Y, Alimbetov DS, Zhao W, Wiese C. RAD51AP1 mediates RAD51 activity through nucleosome interaction. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:100844. [PMID: 34058198 PMCID: PMC8233230 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
RAD51-associated protein 1 (RAD51AP1) is a key protein in the homologous recombination (HR) DNA repair pathway. Loss of RAD51AP1 leads to defective HR, genome instability, and telomere erosion. RAD51AP1 physically interacts with the RAD51 recombinase and promotes RAD51-mediated capture of donor DNA, synaptic complex assembly, and displacement-loop formation when tested with nucleosome-free DNA substrates. In cells, however, DNA is packaged into chromatin, posing an additional barrier to the complexities of the HR reaction. In this study, we show that RAD51AP1 binds to nucleosome core particles (NCPs), the minimum basic unit of chromatin in which approximately two superhelical turns of 147 bp double-stranded DNA are wrapped around one histone octamer with no free DNA ends remaining. We identified a C-terminal region in RAD51AP1, including its previously mapped DNA-binding domain, as critical for mediating the association between RAD51AP1 and both the NCP and the histone octamer. Using in vitro surrogate assays of HR activity, we show that RAD51AP1 is capable of promoting duplex DNA capture and initiating joint-molecule formation with the NCP and chromatinized template DNA, respectively. Together, our results suggest that RAD51AP1 directly assists in the RAD51-mediated search for donor DNA in chromatin. We present a model, in which RAD51AP1 anchors the DNA template through affinity for its nucleosomes to the RAD51-ssDNA nucleoprotein filament.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Pires
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA; Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Neelam Sharma
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Platon Selemenakis
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA; Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Bo Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Yuxin Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Dauren S Alimbetov
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Weixing Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Claudia Wiese
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tanaka T, Nakano T, Hozumi Y, Martelli AM, Goto K. Regulation of p53 and NF-κB transactivation activities by DGKζ in catalytic activity-dependent and -independent manners. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2021; 1868:118953. [PMID: 33450306 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.118953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Diacylglycerol kinase (DGK) constitutes a family of enzymes that phosphorylate diacylglycerol to phosphatidic acid (PA). These lipids serve as second messengers, thereby activating distinct downstream cascades and different cellular responses. Therefore, DG-to-PA conversion activity induces a phase transition of signaling pathways. One member of the family, DGKζ, is involved closely with stress responses. Morphological data showing that DGKζ localizes predominantly to the nucleus and that it shuttles between the nucleus and the cytoplasm implicate DGKζ in the regulation of transcription factors during stress responses. Tumor suppressor p53 and NF-κB are major stress-responsive transcription factors. They exert opposing effects on cellular pathophysiology. Herein, we summarize DGKζ catalytic activity-dependent and -independent regulatory mechanisms of p53 and NF-κB transactivation activities, including p53 degradation and NF-κB nuclear translocation. We also discuss how each component of DGKζ-interacting protein complex modulates the specificity and selectivity of target gene expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Tanaka
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan.
| | - Tomoyuki Nakano
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - Yasukazu Hozumi
- Department of Cell Biology and Morphology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan
| | - Alberto M Martelli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Kaoru Goto
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Regulation of Expression and Latency in BLV and HTLV. Viruses 2020; 12:v12101079. [PMID: 32992917 PMCID: PMC7601775 DOI: 10.3390/v12101079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human T-lymphotrophic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) and Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) belong to the Deltaretrovirus genus. HTLV-1 is the etiologic agent of the highly aggressive and currently incurable cancer adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) and a neurological disease HTLV-1-associated myelopathy (HAM)/tropical spastic paraparesis (TSP). BLV causes neoplastic proliferation of B cells in cattle: enzootic bovine leucosis (EBL). Despite the severity of these conditions, infection by HTLV-1 and BLV appear in most cases clinically asymptomatic. These viruses can undergo latency in their hosts. The silencing of proviral gene expression and maintenance of latency are central for the establishment of persistent infection, as well as for pathogenesis in vivo. In this review, we will present the mechanisms that control proviral activation and retroviral latency in deltaretroviruses, in comparison with other exogenous retroviruses. The 5′ long terminal repeats (5′-LTRs) play a main role in controlling viral gene expression. While the regulation of transcription initiation is a major mechanism of silencing, we discuss topics that include (i) the epigenetic control of the provirus, (ii) the cis-elements present in the LTR, (iii) enhancers with cell-type specific regulatory functions, (iv) the role of virally-encoded transactivator proteins, (v) the role of repressors in transcription and silencing, (vi) the effect of hormonal signaling, (vii) implications of LTR variability on transcription and latency, and (viii) the regulatory role of non-coding RNAs. Finally, we discuss how a better understanding of these mechanisms may allow for the development of more effective treatments against Deltaretroviruses.
Collapse
|
8
|
Mohanty S, Harhaj EW. Mechanisms of Oncogenesis by HTLV-1 Tax. Pathogens 2020; 9:E543. [PMID: 32645846 PMCID: PMC7399876 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9070543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is the etiological agent of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL), a neoplasm of CD4+CD25+ T cells that occurs in 2-5% of infected individuals after decades of asymptomatic latent infection. Multiple HTLV-1-encoded regulatory proteins, including Tax and HTLV-1 basic leucine zipper factor (HBZ), play key roles in viral persistence and latency. The HTLV-1 Tax oncoprotein interacts with a plethora of host cellular proteins to regulate viral gene expression and also promote the aberrant activation of signaling pathways such as NF-κB to drive clonal proliferation and survival of T cells bearing the HTLV-1 provirus. Tax undergoes various post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation and ubiquitination that regulate its function and subcellular localization. Tax shuttles in different subcellular compartments for the activation of anti-apoptotic genes and deregulates the cell cycle with the induction of DNA damage for the accumulation of genomic instability that can result in cellular immortalization and malignant transformation. However, Tax is highly immunogenic and therefore HTLV-1 has evolved numerous strategies to tightly regulate Tax expression while maintaining the pool of anti-apoptotic genes through HBZ. In this review, we summarize the key findings on the oncogenic mechanisms used by Tax that set the stage for the development of ATLL, and the strategies used by HTLV-1 to tightly regulate Tax expression for immune evasion and viral persistence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Edward W. Harhaj
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang S, Ren X, Li J, Lin C, Zhou J, Zhou J, Gu J. NAP1L4 inhibits porcine circovirus type 2 replication via IFN-β signaling pathway. Vet Microbiol 2020; 246:108692. [PMID: 32605741 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2020.108692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) capsid protein (Cap) was previously reported to interact with nucleosome assembly protein 1-like 4 (NAP1L4). The biological function of Cap-NAP1L4 interaction is unknown. Here, we demonstrated that PCV2 Cap could directly interact with NAP1L4, which the amino acid residues 124-279 of NAP1L4 were responsible for the interaction. Furthermore, over-expression of NAP1L4 down-regulated the expression of PCV2 Cap and Rep. DNA copies and virus titers were also decreased in NAP1L4 over-expressed PK15 cells. While, knockout of NAP1L4 through CRISPR/Cas9 technology in PK15 cells could up-regulate the mRNA and protein levels of PCV2 Cap and Rep. PCV2 genomic DNA copies and virus titers were also increased in NAP1L4-knockdown/-knockout PK15 cells compared with wild type PK15 cells. In addition, NAP1L4 depletion was demonstrated to facilitate cytosolic carboxypeptidase-like protein 5 (CCP5) and cytosolic carboxypeptidase 6 (CCP6) expression, which could activate cGAS to promote IFN-β production. Indeed, knockout of NAP1L4 was also confirmed to increase IFN-β expression. And IFN-β stimulation could promote PCV2 replication in PK15 cells. Taken together, our findings suggest that NAP1L4 interacts with PCV2 Cap and inhibits PCV2 replication through regulating IFN-β production. Our study provides theoretical basis for further study of PCV2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Wang
- Institute of Immunology and College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China; MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Science, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuqian Ren
- Institute of Immunology and College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiarong Li
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Science, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Veterianry Medical Research Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cui Lin
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Science, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Veterianry Medical Research Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianwei Zhou
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Science, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Veterianry Medical Research Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiyong Zhou
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Institute of Preventive Veterinary Science, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Veterianry Medical Research Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Jinyan Gu
- Institute of Immunology and College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Shiota H, Barral S, Buchou T, Tan M, Couté Y, Charbonnier G, Reynoird N, Boussouar F, Gérard M, Zhu M, Bargier L, Puthier D, Chuffart F, Bourova-Flin E, Picaud S, Filippakopoulos P, Goudarzi A, Ibrahim Z, Panne D, Rousseaux S, Zhao Y, Khochbin S. Nut Directs p300-Dependent, Genome-Wide H4 Hyperacetylation in Male Germ Cells. Cell Rep 2019; 24:3477-3487.e6. [PMID: 30257209 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.08.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear protein in testis (Nut) is a universal oncogenic driver in the highly aggressive NUT midline carcinoma, whose physiological function in male germ cells has been unclear. Here we show that expression of Nut is normally restricted to post-meiotic spermatogenic cells, where its presence triggers p300-dependent genome-wide histone H4 hyperacetylation, which is essential for the completion of histone-to-protamine exchange. Accordingly, the inactivation of Nut induces male sterility with spermatogenesis arrest at the histone-removal stage. Nut uses p300 and/or CBP to enhance acetylation of H4 at both K5 and K8, providing binding sites for the first bromodomain of Brdt, the testis-specific member of the BET family, which subsequently mediates genome-wide histone removal. Altogether, our data reveal the detailed molecular basis of the global histone hyperacetylation wave, which occurs before the final compaction of the male genome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Shiota
- CNRS UMR 5309, Inserm U1209, Université Grenoble Alpes, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble 38700, France
| | - Sophie Barral
- CNRS UMR 5309, Inserm U1209, Université Grenoble Alpes, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble 38700, France
| | - Thierry Buchou
- CNRS UMR 5309, Inserm U1209, Université Grenoble Alpes, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble 38700, France
| | - Minjia Tan
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Yohann Couté
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, Inserm U1038, CEA, BIG-BGE, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Guillaume Charbonnier
- TGML, platform IbiSA, Aix Marseille Université, Inserm U1090, TAGC, Marseille, France
| | - Nicolas Reynoird
- CNRS UMR 5309, Inserm U1209, Université Grenoble Alpes, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble 38700, France
| | - Fayçal Boussouar
- CNRS UMR 5309, Inserm U1209, Université Grenoble Alpes, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble 38700, France
| | | | - Mingrui Zhu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Lisa Bargier
- TGML, platform IbiSA, Aix Marseille Université, Inserm U1090, TAGC, Marseille, France
| | - Denis Puthier
- TGML, platform IbiSA, Aix Marseille Université, Inserm U1090, TAGC, Marseille, France
| | - Florent Chuffart
- CNRS UMR 5309, Inserm U1209, Université Grenoble Alpes, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble 38700, France
| | - Ekaterina Bourova-Flin
- CNRS UMR 5309, Inserm U1209, Université Grenoble Alpes, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble 38700, France
| | - Sarah Picaud
- Structural Genomics Consortium & Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Panagis Filippakopoulos
- Structural Genomics Consortium & Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Afsaneh Goudarzi
- CNRS UMR 5309, Inserm U1209, Université Grenoble Alpes, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble 38700, France
| | - Ziad Ibrahim
- EMBL Grenoble, BP 181, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Daniel Panne
- EMBL Grenoble, BP 181, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France; Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Sophie Rousseaux
- CNRS UMR 5309, Inserm U1209, Université Grenoble Alpes, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble 38700, France
| | - Yingming Zhao
- Ben May Department of Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Saadi Khochbin
- CNRS UMR 5309, Inserm U1209, Université Grenoble Alpes, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble 38700, France.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Tanaka T, Hozumi Y, Martelli AM, Iino M, Goto K. Nucleosome assembly proteins NAP1L1 and NAP1L4 modulate p53 acetylation to regulate cell fate. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2019; 1866:118560. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2019.118560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
12
|
Shimada M, Chen WY, Nakadai T, Onikubo T, Guermah M, Rhodes D, Roeder RG. Gene-Specific H1 Eviction through a Transcriptional Activator→p300→NAP1→H1 Pathway. Mol Cell 2019; 74:268-283.e5. [PMID: 30902546 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2019.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Linker histone H1 has been correlated with transcriptional inhibition, but the mechanistic basis of the inhibition and its reversal during gene activation has remained enigmatic. We report that H1-compacted chromatin, reconstituted in vitro, blocks transcription by abrogating core histone modifications by p300 but not activator and p300 binding. Transcription from H1-bound chromatin is elicited by the H1 chaperone NAP1, which is recruited in a gene-specific manner through direct interactions with activator-bound p300 that facilitate core histone acetylation (by p300) and concomitant eviction of H1 and H2A-H2B. An analysis in B cells confirms the strong dependency on NAP1-mediated H1 eviction for induction of the silent CD40 gene and further demonstrates that H1 eviction, seeded by activator-p300-NAP1-H1 interactions, is propagated over a CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF)-demarcated region through a distinct mechanism that also involves NAP1. Our results confirm direct transcriptional inhibition by H1 and establish a gene-specific H1 eviction mechanism through an activator→p300→NAP1→H1 pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miho Shimada
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Wei-Yi Chen
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA; Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; Cancer Progression Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Tomoyoshi Nakadai
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Takashi Onikubo
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Mohamed Guermah
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Daniela Rhodes
- NTU Institute of Structural Biology and School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921, Singapore
| | - Robert G Roeder
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Liu H, Peng L, So J, Tsang KH, Chong CH, Mak PHS, Chan KM, Chan SY. TSPYL2 Regulates the Expression of EZH2 Target Genes in Neurons. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:2640-2652. [PMID: 30051352 PMCID: PMC6459796 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1238-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Testis-specific protein, Y-encoded-like 2 (TSPYL2) is an X-linked gene in the locus for several neurodevelopmental disorders. We have previously shown that Tspyl2 knockout mice had impaired learning and sensorimotor gating, and TSPYL2 facilitates the expression of Grin2a and Grin2b through interaction with CREB-binding protein. To identify other genes regulated by TSPYL2, here, we showed that Tspyl2 knockout mice had an increased level of H3K27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) in the hippocampus, and TSPYL2 interacted with the H3K27 methyltransferase enhancer of zeste 2 (EZH2). We performed chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-sequencing in primary hippocampal neurons and divided all Refseq genes by k-mean clustering into four clusters from highest level of H3K27me3 to unmarked. We confirmed that mutant neurons had an increased level of H3K27me3 in cluster 1 genes, which consist of known EZH2 target genes important in development. We detected significantly reduced expression of genes including Gbx2 and Prss16 from cluster 1 and Acvrl1, Bdnf, Egr3, Grin2c, and Igf1 from cluster 2 in the mutant. In support of a dynamic role of EZH2 in repressing marked synaptic genes, the specific EZH2 inhibitor GSK126 significantly upregulated, while the demethylase inhibitor GSKJ4 downregulated the expression of Egr3 and Grin2c. GSK126 also upregulated the expression of Bdnf in mutant primary neurons. Finally, ChIP showed that hemagglutinin-tagged TSPYL2 co-existed with EZH2 in target promoters in neuroblastoma cells. Taken together, our data suggest that TSPYL2 is recruited to promoters of specific EZH2 target genes in neurons, and enhances their expression for proper neuronal maturation and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hang Liu
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,University Research Facility in Chemical and Environmental Analysis, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lei Peng
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Joan So
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ka Hing Tsang
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Research and Development, Clinical Projects and Development, New B Innovation, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi Ho Chong
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Priscilla Hoi Shan Mak
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kui Ming Chan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, the City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. .,Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology, Biotech and Health Centre, Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Siu Yuen Chan
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Rajagopalan D, Jha S. An epi(c)genetic war: Pathogens, cancer and human genome. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2018; 1869:333-345. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
15
|
Kulkarni A, Bangham CRM. HTLV-1: Regulating the Balance Between Proviral Latency and Reactivation. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:449. [PMID: 29615991 PMCID: PMC5867303 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
HTLV-1 plus-strand transcription begins with the production of doubly-spliced tax/rex transcripts, the levels of which are usually undetectable in freshly isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from HTLV-1-infected individuals. However, the presence of a sustained chronically active cytotoxic T-cell response to HTLV-1 antigens in virtually all HTLV-1-infected individuals, regardless of their proviral load, argues against complete latency of the virus in vivo. There is an immediate burst of plus-strand transcription when blood from infected individuals is cultured ex vivo. How is the HTLV-1 plus strand silenced in PBMCs? Is it silenced in other anatomical compartments within the host? What reactivates the latent provirus in fresh PBMCs? While plus-strand transcription of the provirus appears to be intermittent, the minus-strand hbz transcripts are present in a majority of cells, albeit at low levels. What regulates the difference between the 5'- and 3'-LTR promoter activities and thereby the tax-hbz interplay? Finally, T lymphocytes are a migratory population of cells that encounter variable environments in different compartments of the body. Could these micro-environment changes influence the reactivation kinetics of the provirus? In this review we discuss the questions raised above, focusing on the early events leading to HTLV-1 reactivation from latency, and suggest future research directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anurag Kulkarni
- Section of Virology, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Charles R M Bangham
- Section of Virology, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
|
17
|
Yeh CM, Lin CW, Yang JS, Yang WE, Su SC, Yang SF. Melatonin inhibits TPA-induced oral cancer cell migration by suppressing matrix metalloproteinase-9 activation through the histone acetylation. Oncotarget 2017; 7:21952-67. [PMID: 26980735 PMCID: PMC5008336 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin exerts antimetastatic effects on liver and breast cancer and also inhibits matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity. However, the detailed impacts and underlying mechanisms of melatonin on oral cancer cell metastasis are still unclear. This study showed that melatonin attenuated the 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced migration of oral cancer cell lines, HSC-3 and OECM-1. Zymography, quantitative real-time PCR, and Western blotting analyses revealed that melatonin lessened MMP-9 enzyme activity as well as the expression of MMP-9 mRNA and protein. Furthermore, melatonin suppressed the phosphorylation of the ERK1/2 signalling pathway, which dampened MMP-9 gene transcription by affecting the expression of transcriptional coactivators, such as CREB-binding protein (CREBBP) and E1A binding protein p300 (EP300), and decreasing histone acetylation in HSC-3 and OECM-1 cells. Examinations on clinical samples exhibited that MMP-9, CREBBP, and EP300 were significantly increased in oral cancer tissues. Moreover, the relative level of CREBBP was positively correlated with the expression of MMP-9 and EP300. In conclusion, we demonstrated that melatonin inhibits the motility of HSC-3 and OECM-1 cells in vitro through a molecular mechanism that involves attenuation of MMP-9 expression and activity mediated by decreased histone acetylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Ming Yeh
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Wen Lin
- Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Sin Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-En Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chi Su
- Whole-Genome Research Core Laboratory of Human Diseases, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Hepatitis C Virus NS5A Targets Nucleosome Assembly Protein NAP1L1 To Control the Innate Cellular Response. J Virol 2017; 91:JVI.00880-17. [PMID: 28659470 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00880-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a single-stranded positive-sense RNA hepatotropic virus. Despite cellular defenses, HCV is able to replicate in hepatocytes and to establish a chronic infection that could lead to severe complications and hepatocellular carcinoma. An important player in subverting the host response to HCV infection is the viral nonstructural protein NS5A, which, in addition to its role in replication and assembly, targets several pathways involved in the cellular response to viral infection. Several unbiased screens identified nucleosome assembly protein 1-like 1 (NAP1L1) as an interaction partner of HCV NS5A. Here we confirmed this interaction and mapped it to the C terminus of NS5A of both genotype 1 and 2. NS5A sequesters NAP1L1 in the cytoplasm, blocking its nuclear translocation. However, only NS5A from genotype 2 HCV, and not that from genotype 1, targets NAP1L1 for proteosome-mediated degradation. NAP1L1 is a nuclear chaperone involved in chromatin remodeling, and we demonstrated the NAP1L1-dependent regulation of specific pathways involved in cellular responses to viral infection and cell survival. Among those, we showed that lack of NAP1L1 leads to a decrease of RELA protein levels and a strong defect of IRF3 TBK1/IKKε-mediated phosphorylation, leading to inefficient RIG-I and Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) responses. Hence, HCV is able to modulate the host cell environment by targeting NAP1L1 through NS5A.IMPORTANCE Viruses have evolved to replicate and to overcome antiviral countermeasures of the infected cell. Hepatitis C virus is capable of establishing a lifelong chronic infection in the liver, which could develop into cirrhosis and cancer. Chronic viruses are particularly able to interfere with the cellular antiviral pathways by several different mechanisms. In this study, we identified a novel cellular target of the viral nonstructural protein NS5A and demonstrated its role in antiviral signaling. This factor, called nucleosome assembly protein 1-like 1 (NAP1L1), is a nuclear chaperone involved in the remodeling of chromatin during transcription. When it is depleted, specific signaling pathways leading to antiviral effectors are affected. Therefore, we provide evidence for both a novel strategy of virus evasion from cellular immunity and a novel role for a cellular protein, which has not been described to date.
Collapse
|
19
|
Syed KM, Joseph S, Mukherjee A, Majumder A, Teixeira JM, Dutta D, Pillai MR. Histone chaperone APLF regulates induction of pluripotency in murine fibroblasts. J Cell Sci 2016; 129:4576-4591. [PMID: 27875275 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.194035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Induction of pluripotency in differentiated cells through the exogenous expression of the transcription factors Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and cellular Myc involves reprogramming at the epigenetic level. Histones and their metabolism governed by histone chaperones constitute an important regulator of epigenetic control. We hypothesized that histone chaperones facilitate or inhibit the course of reprogramming. For the first time, we report here that the downregulation of histone chaperone Aprataxin PNK-like factor (APLF) promotes reprogramming by augmenting the expression of E-cadherin (Cdh1), which is implicated in the mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET) involved in the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). Downregulation of APLF in MEFs expedites the loss of the repressive MacroH2A.1 (encoded by H2afy) histone variant from the Cdh1 promoter and enhances the incorporation of active histone H3me2K4 marks at the promoters of the pluripotency genes Nanog and Klf4, thereby accelerating the process of cellular reprogramming and increasing the efficiency of iPSC generation. We demonstrate a new histone chaperone (APLF)-MET-histone modification cohort that functions in the induction of pluripotency in fibroblasts. This regulatory axis might provide new mechanistic insights into perspectives of epigenetic regulation involved in cancer metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khaja Mohieddin Syed
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thycaud PO, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram 695014, India
| | - Sunu Joseph
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thycaud PO, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram 695014, India
| | - Ananda Mukherjee
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, College of Human Medicine, MSU, 333 Bostwick Ave, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Aditi Majumder
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thycaud PO, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram 695014, India
| | - Jose M Teixeira
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, College of Human Medicine, MSU, 333 Bostwick Ave, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Debasree Dutta
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thycaud PO, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram 695014, India
| | - Madhavan Radhakrishna Pillai
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thycaud PO, Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram 695014, India
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Aizawa M, Sugimoto N, Watanabe S, Yoshida K, Fujita M. Nucleosome assembly and disassembly activity of GRWD1, a novel Cdt1-binding protein that promotes pre-replication complex formation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2016; 1863:2739-2748. [PMID: 27552915 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
GRWD1 was previously identified as a novel Cdt1-binding protein that possesses histone-binding and nucleosome assembly activities and promotes MCM loading, probably by maintaining chromatin openness at replication origins. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these activities remain unknown. We prepared reconstituted mononucleosomes from recombinant histones and a DNA fragment containing a nucleosome positioning sequence, and investigated the effects of GRWD1 on them. GRWD1 could disassemble these preformed mononucleosomes in vitro in an ATP-independent manner. Thus, our data suggest that GRWD1 facilitates removal of H2A-H2B dimers from nucleosomes, resulting in formation of hexasomes. The activity was compromised by deletion of the acidic domain, which is required for efficient histone binding. In contrast, nucleosome assembly activity of GRWD1 was not affected by deletion of the acidic domain. In HeLa cells, the acidic domain of GRWD1 was necessary to maintain chromatin openness and promote MCM loading at replication origins. Taken together, our results suggest that GRWD1 promotes chromatin fluidity by influencing nucleosome structures, e.g., by transient eviction of H2A-H2B, and thereby promotes efficient MCM loading at replication origins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Aizawa
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashiku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Nozomi Sugimoto
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashiku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Shinya Watanabe
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashiku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Yoshida
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashiku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Fujita
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashiku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Miyazato P, Matsuo M, Katsuya H, Satou Y. Transcriptional and Epigenetic Regulatory Mechanisms Affecting HTLV-1 Provirus. Viruses 2016; 8:v8060171. [PMID: 27322309 PMCID: PMC4926191 DOI: 10.3390/v8060171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a retrovirus associated with human diseases, such as adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/Tropic spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). As a retrovirus, its life cycle includes a step where HTLV-1 is integrated into the host genomic DNA and forms proviral DNA. In the chronic phase of the infection, HTLV‑1 is known to proliferate as a provirus via the mitotic division of the infected host cells. There are generally tens of thousands of infected clones within an infected individual. They exist not only in peripheral blood, but also in various lymphoid organs. Viral proteins encoded in HTLV-1 genome play a role in the proliferation and survival of the infected cells. As is the case with other chronic viral infections, HTLV-1 gene expression induces the activation of the host immunity against the virus. Thus, the transcription from HTLV-1 provirus needs to be controlled in order to evade the host immune surveillance. There should be a dynamic and complex regulation in vivo, where an equilibrium between viral antigen expression and host immune surveillance is achieved. The mechanisms regulating viral gene expression from the provirus are a key to understanding the persistent/latent infection with HTLV-1 and its pathogenesis. In this article, we would like to review our current understanding on this topic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Miyazato
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Center for AIDS Research, Priority Organization for Innovation and Excellence, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan.
| | - Misaki Matsuo
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Center for AIDS Research, Priority Organization for Innovation and Excellence, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan.
| | - Hiroo Katsuya
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Center for AIDS Research, Priority Organization for Innovation and Excellence, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan.
| | - Yorifumi Satou
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Center for AIDS Research, Priority Organization for Innovation and Excellence, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Aguilar-Gurrieri C, Larabi A, Vinayachandran V, Patel NA, Yen K, Reja R, Ebong IO, Schoehn G, Robinson CV, Pugh BF, Panne D. Structural evidence for Nap1-dependent H2A-H2B deposition and nucleosome assembly. EMBO J 2016; 35:1465-82. [PMID: 27225933 PMCID: PMC4931181 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201694105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Nap1 is a histone chaperone involved in the nuclear import of H2A–H2B and nucleosome assembly. Here, we report the crystal structure of Nap1 bound to H2A–H2B together with in vitro and in vivo functional studies that elucidate the principles underlying Nap1‐mediated H2A–H2B chaperoning and nucleosome assembly. A Nap1 dimer provides an acidic binding surface and asymmetrically engages a single H2A–H2B heterodimer. Oligomerization of the Nap1–H2A–H2B complex results in burial of surfaces required for deposition of H2A–H2B into nucleosomes. Chromatin immunoprecipitation‐exonuclease (ChIP‐exo) analysis shows that Nap1 is required for H2A–H2B deposition across the genome. Mutants that interfere with Nap1 oligomerization exhibit severe nucleosome assembly defects showing that oligomerization is essential for the chaperone function. These findings establish the molecular basis for Nap1‐mediated H2A–H2B deposition and nucleosome assembly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Aguilar-Gurrieri
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Grenoble, France Unit for Virus Host-Cell Interactions, Univ. Grenoble Alpes-EMBL-CNRS, Grenoble, France
| | - Amédé Larabi
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Grenoble, France Unit for Virus Host-Cell Interactions, Univ. Grenoble Alpes-EMBL-CNRS, Grenoble, France
| | - Vinesh Vinayachandran
- Center for Eukaryotic Gene Regulation, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Nisha A Patel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kuangyu Yen
- Department of Cell Biology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rohit Reja
- Center for Eukaryotic Gene Regulation, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Ima-O Ebong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Guy Schoehn
- Unit for Virus Host-Cell Interactions, Univ. Grenoble Alpes-EMBL-CNRS, Grenoble, France Université Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) IBS, Grenoble, France CEA, IBS, Grenoble, France
| | | | - B Franklin Pugh
- Center for Eukaryotic Gene Regulation, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Daniel Panne
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Grenoble, France Unit for Virus Host-Cell Interactions, Univ. Grenoble Alpes-EMBL-CNRS, Grenoble, France
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Histone Chaperone Nap1 Is a Major Regulator of Histone H2A-H2B Dynamics at the Inducible GAL Locus. Mol Cell Biol 2016; 36:1287-96. [PMID: 26884462 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00835-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone chaperones, like nucleosome assembly protein 1 (Nap1), play a critical role in the maintenance of chromatin architecture. Here, we use the GAL locus in Saccharomyces cerevisiae to investigate the influence of Nap1 on chromatin structure and histone dynamics during distinct transcriptional states. When the GAL locus is not expressed, cells lacking Nap1 show an accumulation of histone H2A-H2B but not histone H3-H4 at this locus. Excess H2A-H2B interacts with the linker DNA between nucleosomes, and the interaction is independent of the inherent DNA-binding affinity of H2A-H2B for these particular sequences as measured in vitro When the GAL locus is transcribed, excess H2A-H2B is reversed, and levels of all chromatin-bound histones are depleted in cells lacking Nap1. We developed an in vivo system to measure histone exchange at the GAL locus and observed considerable variability in the rate of exchange across the locus in wild-type cells. We recapitulate this variability with in vitro nucleosome reconstitutions, which suggests a contribution of DNA sequence to histone dynamics. We also find that Nap1 is required for transcription-dependent H2A-H2B exchange. Altogether, these results indicate that Nap1 is essential for maintaining proper chromatin composition and modulating the exchange of H2A-H2B in vivo.
Collapse
|
24
|
López-Panadès E, Casacuberta E. NAP-1, Nucleosome assembly protein 1, a histone chaperone involved in Drosophila telomeres. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 70:111-115. [PMID: 26742602 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2015.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Telomere elongation is a function that all eukaryote cells must accomplish in order to guarantee, first, the stability of the end of the chromosomes and second, to protect the genetic information from the inevitable terminal erosion. The targeted transposition of the telomere transposons HeT-A, TART and TAHRE perform this function in Drosophila, while the telomerase mechanism elongates the telomeres in most eukaryotes. In order to integrate telomere maintenance together with cell cycle and metabolism, different components of the cell interact, regulate, and control the proteins involved in telomere elongation. Different partners of the telomerase mechanism have already been described, but in contrast, very few proteins have been related with assisting the telomere transposons of Drosophila. Here, we describe for the first time, the implication of NAP-1 (Nucleosome assembly protein 1), a histone chaperone that has been involved in nuclear transport, transcription regulation, and chromatin remodeling, in telomere biology. We find that Nap-1 and HeT-A Gag, one of the major components of the Drosophila telomeres, are part of the same protein complex. We also demonstrate that their close interaction is necessary to guarantee telomere stability in dividing cells. We further show that NAP-1 regulates the transcription of the HeT-A retrotransposon, pointing to a positive regulatory role of NAP-1 in telomere expression. All these results facilitate the understanding of the transposon telomere maintenance mechanism, as well as the integration of telomere biology with the rest of the cell metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisenda López-Panadès
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, IBE (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Passeig de la Barceloneta 37-49, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Elena Casacuberta
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, IBE (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Passeig de la Barceloneta 37-49, Barcelona 08003, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Parplys AC, Zhao W, Sharma N, Groesser T, Liang F, Maranon DG, Leung SG, Grundt K, Dray E, Idate R, Østvold AC, Schild D, Sung P, Wiese C. NUCKS1 is a novel RAD51AP1 paralog important for homologous recombination and genome stability. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 43:9817-34. [PMID: 26323318 PMCID: PMC4787752 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
NUCKS1 (nuclear casein kinase and cyclin-dependent kinase substrate 1) is a 27 kD chromosomal, vertebrate-specific protein, for which limited functional data exist. Here, we demonstrate that NUCKS1 shares extensive sequence homology with RAD51AP1 (RAD51 associated protein 1), suggesting that these two proteins are paralogs. Similar to the phenotypic effects of RAD51AP1 knockdown, we find that depletion of NUCKS1 in human cells impairs DNA repair by homologous recombination (HR) and chromosome stability. Depletion of NUCKS1 also results in greatly increased cellular sensitivity to mitomycin C (MMC), and in increased levels of spontaneous and MMC-induced chromatid breaks. NUCKS1 is critical to maintaining wild type HR capacity, and, as observed for a number of proteins involved in the HR pathway, functional loss of NUCKS1 leads to a slow down in DNA replication fork progression with a concomitant increase in the utilization of new replication origins. Interestingly, recombinant NUCKS1 shares the same DNA binding preference as RAD51AP1, but binds to DNA with reduced affinity when compared to RAD51AP1. Our results show that NUCKS1 is a chromatin-associated protein with a role in the DNA damage response and in HR, a DNA repair pathway critical for tumor suppression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ann C Parplys
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Weixing Zhao
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Neelam Sharma
- Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Torsten Groesser
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Fengshan Liang
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - David G Maranon
- Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Stanley G Leung
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Kirsten Grundt
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Science, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Eloïse Dray
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Rupa Idate
- Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Anne Carine Østvold
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Science, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - David Schild
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Patrick Sung
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Claudia Wiese
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Zhang Q, Giebler HA, Isaacson MK, Nyborg JK. Eviction of linker histone H1 by NAP-family histone chaperones enhances activated transcription. Epigenetics Chromatin 2015; 8:30. [PMID: 26339295 PMCID: PMC4558729 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-015-0022-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In the Metazoan nucleus, core histones assemble the genomic DNA to form nucleosome arrays, which are further compacted into dense chromatin structures by the linker histone H1. The extraordinary density of chromatin creates an obstacle for accessing the genetic information. Regulation of chromatin dynamics is therefore critical to cellular homeostasis, and histone chaperones serve as prominent players in these processes. In the current study, we examined the role of specific histone chaperones in negotiating the inherently repressive chromatin structure during transcriptional activation. Results Using a model promoter, we demonstrate that the human nucleosome assembly protein family members hNap1 and SET/Taf1β stimulate transcription in vitro during pre-initiation complex formation, prior to elongation. This stimulatory effect is dependent upon the presence of activators, p300, and Acetyl-CoA. We show that transcription from our chromatin template is strongly repressed by H1, and that both histone chaperones enhance RNA synthesis by overcoming H1-induced repression. Importantly, both hNap1 and SET/Taf1β directly bind H1, and function to enhance transcription by evicting the linker histone from chromatin reconstituted with H1. In vivo studies demonstrate that SET/Taf1β, but not hNap1, strongly stimulates activated transcription from the chromosomally-integrated model promoter, consistent with the observation that SET/Taf1β is nuclear, whereas hNap1 is primarily cytoplasmic. Together, these observations indicate that SET/Taf1β may serve as a critical regulator of H1 dynamics and gene activation in vivo. Conclusions These studies uncover a novel function for SET that mechanistically couples transcriptional derepression with H1 dynamics. Furthermore, they underscore the significance of chaperone-dependent H1 displacement as an essential early step in the transition of a promoter from a dense chromatin state into one that is permissive to transcription factor binding and robust activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1870 USA
| | - Holli A Giebler
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1870 USA
| | - Marisa K Isaacson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1870 USA ; Pace University, 1 Pace Plaza, New York, NY 10038 USA
| | - Jennifer K Nyborg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1870 USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Di Cerbo V, Mohn F, Ryan DP, Montellier E, Kacem S, Tropberger P, Kallis E, Holzner M, Hoerner L, Feldmann A, Richter FM, Bannister AJ, Mittler G, Michaelis J, Khochbin S, Feil R, Schuebeler D, Owen-Hughes T, Daujat S, Schneider R. Acetylation of histone H3 at lysine 64 regulates nucleosome dynamics and facilitates transcription. eLife 2014; 3:e01632. [PMID: 24668167 PMCID: PMC3965291 DOI: 10.7554/elife.01632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modifications of proteins have emerged as a major mechanism for regulating gene expression. However, our understanding of how histone modifications directly affect chromatin function remains limited. In this study, we investigate acetylation of histone H3 at lysine 64 (H3K64ac), a previously uncharacterized acetylation on the lateral surface of the histone octamer. We show that H3K64ac regulates nucleosome stability and facilitates nucleosome eviction and hence gene expression in vivo. In line with this, we demonstrate that H3K64ac is enriched in vivo at the transcriptional start sites of active genes and it defines transcriptionally active chromatin. Moreover, we find that the p300 co-activator acetylates H3K64, and consistent with a transcriptional activation function, H3K64ac opposes its repressive counterpart H3K64me3. Our findings reveal an important role for a histone modification within the nucleosome core as a regulator of chromatin function and they demonstrate that lateral surface modifications can define functionally opposing chromatin states. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.01632.001 DNA is a very long molecule, so it needs to be packaged carefully to fit into the nucleus of a cell. To achieve this, the DNA is wrapped around proteins called histones to form a structure termed a nucleosome, which is the building block of a more compacted substance called chromatin. However, to express the genes in the DNA it is necessary to open up parts of the chromatin to give various enzymes access to the DNA. Cells often chemically modify histones by adding acetyl or methyl groups, and these modifications are known to influence what proteins can bind to the nucleosomes, which ultimately influences what genes are expressed in the cell at a given time. It has been suspected for some time that histone modifications can also influence gene expression more directly, but there has been little evidence for this idea. Now Di Cerbo et al. have studied what happens when acetyl or methyl groups are added to a specific site within a histone called H3K64, which is close to where the DNA wraps around this histone. These experiments showed that this site tends to be acetylated when a nearby gene is active, and to be unmodified or methylated when this gene is not active. It appears that the addition of the acetyl group makes this region of the chromatin less stable: this, in turn, makes it easier for the chromatin to be unpacked, thus giving access to the enzymes that transcribe the DNA and allowing transcription to take place. The work of Di Cerbo et al. shows that methylation and acetylation at the same site within a histone can define two opposing states of chromatin and DNA: an active state and a repressive state. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.01632.002
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Di Cerbo
- Department of Functional Genomics, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS UMR, Strasbourg, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Tsang KH, Lai SK, Li Q, Yung WH, Liu H, Mak PHS, Ng CCP, McAlonan G, Chan YS, Chan SY. The nucleosome assembly protein TSPYL2 regulates the expression of NMDA receptor subunits GluN2A and GluN2B. Sci Rep 2014; 4:3654. [PMID: 24413569 PMCID: PMC3888966 DOI: 10.1038/srep03654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
TSPYL2 is an X-linked gene encoding a nucleosome assembly protein. TSPYL2 interacts with calmodulin-associated serine/threonine kinase, which is implicated in X-linked mental retardation. As nucleosome assembly and chromatin remodeling are important in transcriptional regulation and neuronal function, we addressed the importance of TSPYL2 through analyzing Tspyl2 loss-of-function mice. We detected down-regulation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunits 2A and 2B (GluN2A and GluN2B) in the mutant hippocampus. Evidence from luciferase reporter assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation supported that TSPYL2 regulated the expression of Grin2a and Grin2b, the genes encoding GluN2A and GluN2B. We also detected an interaction between TSPYL2 and CBP, indicating that TSPYL2 may activate gene expression through binding CBP. In terms of functional outcome, Tspyl2 loss-of-function impaired long-term potentiation at hippocampal Schaffer collateral-CA1 synapses. Moreover, mutant mice showed a deficit in fear learning and memory. We conclude that TSPYL2 contributes to cognitive variability through regulating the expression of Grin2a and Grin2b.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ka Hing Tsang
- 1] Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China [2] Centre for Reproduction, Development and Growth, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Suk King Lai
- 1] Department of Physiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China [2] Research Centre of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qi Li
- 1] Centre for Reproduction, Development and Growth, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China [2] Department of Psychiatry, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wing Ho Yung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hang Liu
- 1] Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China [2] Centre for Reproduction, Development and Growth, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Priscilla Hoi Shan Mak
- 1] Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China [2] Centre for Reproduction, Development and Growth, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cypress Chun Pong Ng
- 1] Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China [2] Centre for Reproduction, Development and Growth, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Grainne McAlonan
- 1] Centre for Reproduction, Development and Growth, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China [2] Department of Psychiatry, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China [3] Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Ying Shing Chan
- 1] Department of Physiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China [2] Research Centre of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Siu Yuen Chan
- 1] Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China [2] Centre for Reproduction, Development and Growth, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Hu H, Zhang X, Zhang H, Wen G, Zhang Q, Li X, Fang W. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus inhibition of interferon-β transcription by IRF3-independent mechanisms in MARC-145 cells in early infection. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2013; 156:135-40. [PMID: 24148827 PMCID: PMC7112902 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2013.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2013] [Revised: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Interferon β is an important antiviral molecule whose expression is triggered through recognition of viral components by pattern recognition receptors via a cascade of signaling molecules, while viruses could target these molecules to evade from innate immunity. IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) plays a crucial role in innate immune responses. Here, we demonstrate that PRRSV infection did not induce IFN-β gene transcription in MARC-145 cells, but inhibited poly (I:C) stimulated IFN-β gene transcription instead. Such inhibition is time-dependent with the progression of PRRSV infection. We also show that the inhibition of IFN-β transcription in the early stage of infection could not be due to inhibition of phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of IRF3, though significant decrease of p-IRF3 and its nuclear translocation in PRRSV-infected and poly (I:C) cells was observed later at 48 h post-infection. The different patterns of inhibition for IFN-β transcription and IRF3 phosphorylation have important implications as to the mechanism(s) by which PRRSV suppresses the type I IFN signaling at early stage of infection. There could be mechanism(s) other than effecting on IRF3 or molecules upstream that require further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Hu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Romanelli MG, Diani E, Bergamo E, Casoli C, Ciminale V, Bex F, Bertazzoni U. Highlights on distinctive structural and functional properties of HTLV Tax proteins. Front Microbiol 2013; 4:271. [PMID: 24058363 PMCID: PMC3766827 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2013.00271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Human T cell leukemia viruses (HTLVs) are complex human retroviruses of the Deltaretrovirus genus. Four types have been identified thus far, with HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 much more prevalent than HTLV-3 or HTLV-4. HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 possess strictly related genomic structures, but differ significantly in pathogenicity, as HTLV-1 is the causative agent of adult T cell leukemia and of HTLV-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis, whereas HTLV-2 is not associated with neoplasia. HTLVs code for a protein named Tax that is responsible for enhancing viral expression and drives cell transformation. Much effort has been invested to dissect the impact of Tax on signal transduction pathways and to identify functional differences between the HTLV Tax proteins that may explain the distinct oncogenic potential of HTLV-1 and HTLV-2. This review summarizes our current knowledge of Tax-1 and Tax-2 with emphasis on their structure, role in activation of the NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa-B) pathway, and interactions with host factors.
Collapse
|
31
|
Molina-Serrano D, Kirmizis A. Beyond the histone tail: acetylation at the nucleosome dyad commands transcription. Nucleus 2013; 4:343-8. [PMID: 23941995 PMCID: PMC3899122 DOI: 10.4161/nucl.26051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of histones have been implicated in cellular processes such as transcription, replication and DNA repair. These processes normally involve dynamic changes in chromatin structure and DNA accessibility. Most of the PTMs reported so far map on the histone tails and essentially affect chromatin structure indirectly by recruiting effector proteins. A recent study by Schneider and colleagues published in Cell1 has uncovered the function of H3K122 acetylation found within the histone globular domain and specifically positioned on the DNA-bound surface of the nucleosome. Their findings demonstrate a direct effect of histone PTMs on chromatin dynamics, and propose that modifications located in different parts of the nucleosome employ distinct regulatory mechanisms.
Collapse
|
32
|
Attia M, Rachez C, Avner P, Rogner UC. Nucleosome assembly proteins and their interacting proteins in neuronal differentiation. Arch Biochem Biophys 2013; 534:20-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2012.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2012] [Revised: 09/21/2012] [Accepted: 09/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
33
|
Regulation of transcription through acetylation of H3K122 on the lateral surface of the histone octamer. Cell 2013; 152:859-72. [PMID: 23415232 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2013.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Revised: 11/25/2012] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Histone modifications are key regulators of chromatin function. However, little is known to what extent histone modifications can directly impact on chromatin. Here, we address how a modification within the globular domain of histones regulates chromatin function. We demonstrate that H3K122ac can be sufficient to stimulate transcription and that mutation of H3K122 impairs transcriptional activation, which we attribute to a direct effect of H3K122ac on histone-DNA binding. In line with this, we find that H3K122ac defines genome-wide genetic elements and chromatin features associated with active transcription. Furthermore, H3K122ac is catalyzed by the coactivators p300/CBP and can be induced by nuclear hormone receptor signaling. Collectively, this suggests that transcriptional regulators elicit their effects not only via signaling to histone tails but also via direct structural perturbation of nucleosomes by directing acetylation to their lateral surface.
Collapse
|
34
|
Currer R, Van Duyne R, Jaworski E, Guendel I, Sampey G, Das R, Narayanan A, Kashanchi F. HTLV tax: a fascinating multifunctional co-regulator of viral and cellular pathways. Front Microbiol 2012; 3:406. [PMID: 23226145 PMCID: PMC3510432 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2012.00406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) has been identified as the causative agent of adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). The virus infects between 15 and 20 million people worldwide of which approximately 2-5% develop ATL. The past 35 years of research have yielded significant insight into the pathogenesis of HTLV-1, including the molecular characterization of Tax, the viral transactivator, and oncoprotein. In spite of these efforts, the mechanisms of oncogenesis of this pleiotropic protein remain to be fully elucidated. In this review, we illustrate the multiple oncogenic roles of Tax by summarizing a recent body of literature that refines our understanding of cellular transformation. A focused range of topics are discussed in this review including Tax-mediated regulation of the viral promoter and other cellular pathways, particularly the connection of the NF-κB pathway to both post-translational modifications (PTMs) of Tax and subcellular localization. Specifically, recent research on polyubiquitination of Tax as it relates to the activation of the IkappaB kinase (IKK) complex is highlighted. Regulation of the cell cycle and DNA damage responses due to Tax are also discussed, including Tax interaction with minichromosome maintenance proteins and the role of Tax in chromatin remodeling. The recent identification of HTLV-3 has amplified the importance of the characterization of emerging viral pathogens. The challenge of the molecular determination of pathogenicity and malignant disease of this virus lies in the comparison of the viral transactivators of HTLV-1, -2, and -3 in terms of transformation and immortalization. Consequently, differences between the three proteins are currently being studied to determine what factors are required for the differences in tumorogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Currer
- National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, George Mason University Manassas, VA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Bidoia C. Human T-lymphotropic virus proteins and post-translational modification pathways. World J Virol 2012; 1:115-30. [PMID: 24175216 PMCID: PMC3782272 DOI: 10.5501/wjv.v1.i4.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2011] [Revised: 06/04/2012] [Accepted: 07/13/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell life from the cell cycle to the signaling transduction and response to stimuli is finely tuned by protein post-translational modifications (PTMs). PTMs alter the conformation, the stability, the localization, and hence the pattern of interactions of the targeted protein. Cell pathways involve the activation of enzymes, like kinases, ligases and transferases, that, once activated, act on many proteins simultaneously, altering the state of the cell and triggering the processes they are involved in. Viruses enter a balanced system and hijack the cell, exploiting the potential of PTMs either to activate viral encoded proteins or to alter cellular pathways, with the ultimate consequence to perpetuate through their replication. Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is known to be highly oncogenic and associates with adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma, HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis and other inflammatory pathological conditions. HTLV-1 protein activity is controlled by PTMs and, in turn, viral activity is associated with the modulation of cellular pathways based on PTMs. More knowledge is acquired about the PTMs involved in the activation of its proteins, like Tax, Rex, p12, p13, p30, HTLV-I basic leucine zipper factor and Gag. However, more has to be understood at the biochemical level in order to counteract the associated fatal outcomes. This review will focus on known PTMs that directly modify HTLV-1 components and on enzymes whose activity is modulated by viral proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Bidoia
- Carlo Bidoia, Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
Foamy viruses (FVs) are distinct members of the retrovirus (RV) family. In this chapter, the molecular regulation of foamy viral transcription, splicing, polyadenylation, and RNA export will be compared in detail to the orthoretroviruses. Foamy viral transcription is regulated in early and late phases, which are separated by the usage of two promoters. The viral transactivator protein Tas activates both promoters. The nature of this early-late switch and the molecular mechanism used by Tas are unique among RVs. RVs duplicate the long terminal repeats (LTRs) during reverse transcription. These LTRs carry both a promoter region and functional poly(A) sites. In order to express full-length transcripts, RVs have to silence the poly(A) signal in the 5' LTR and to activate it in the 3' LTR. FVs have a unique R-region within these LTRs with a major splice donor (MSD) at +51 followed by a poly(A) signal. FVs use a MSD-dependent mechanism to inactivate the polyadenylation. Most RVs express all their genes from a single primary transcript. In order to allow expression of more than one gene from this RNA, differential splicing is extensively used in complex RVs. The splicing pattern of FV is highly complex. In contrast to orthoretroviruses, FVs synthesize the Pol precursor protein from a specific and spliced transcript. The LTR and IP-derived primary transcripts are spliced into more than 15 different mRNA species. Since the RNA ratios have to be balanced, a tight regulation of splicing is required. Cellular quality control mechanisms retain and degrade unspliced or partially spliced RNAs in the nucleus. In this review, I compare the RNA export pathways used by orthoretroviruses with the distinct RNA export pathway used by FV. All these steps are highly regulated by host and viral factors and set FVs apart from all other RVs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Bodem
- Institute of Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Mankertz A. Molecular interactions of porcine circoviruses type 1 and type 2 with its host. Virus Res 2012; 164:54-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2011.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2011] [Revised: 11/01/2011] [Accepted: 11/02/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
38
|
Strenkert D, Schmollinger S, Sommer F, Schulz-Raffelt M, Schroda M. Transcription factor-dependent chromatin remodeling at heat shock and copper-responsive promoters in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. THE PLANT CELL 2011; 23:2285-301. [PMID: 21705643 PMCID: PMC3160021 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.111.085266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2011] [Revised: 05/09/2011] [Accepted: 06/07/2011] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
How transcription factors affect chromatin structure to regulate gene expression in response to changes in environmental conditions is poorly understood in the green lineage. To shed light on this issue, we used chromatin immunoprecipitation and formaldehyde-assisted isolation of regulatory elements to investigate the chromatin structure at target genes of HSF1 and CRR1, key transcriptional regulators of the heat shock and copper starvation responses, respectively, in the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Generally, we detected lower nucleosome occupancy, higher levels of histone H3/4 acetylation, and lower levels of histone H3 Lys 4 (H3K4) monomethylation at promoter regions of active genes compared with inactive promoters and transcribed and intergenic regions. Specifically, we find that activated HSF1 and CRR1 transcription factors mediate the acetylation of histones H3/4, nucleosome eviction, remodeling of the H3K4 mono- and dimethylation marks, and transcription initiation/elongation. By this, HSF1 and CRR1 quite individually remodel and activate target promoters that may be inactive and embedded into closed chromatin (HSP22F/CYC6) or weakly active and embedded into partially opened (CPX1) or completely opened chromatin (HSP70A/CRD1). We also observed HSF1-independent histone H3/4 deacetylation at the RBCS2 promoter after heat shock, suggesting interplay of specific and presumably more generally acting factors to adapt gene expression to the new requirements of a changing environment.
Collapse
|
39
|
Barbeau B, Mesnard JM. Making sense out of antisense transcription in human T-cell lymphotropic viruses (HTLVs). Viruses 2011; 3:456-68. [PMID: 21994742 PMCID: PMC3185765 DOI: 10.3390/v3050456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2011] [Revised: 04/14/2011] [Accepted: 04/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Retroviral gene expression generally depends on a full-length transcript that initiates in the 5′ long terminal repeat (LTR), which is either unspliced or alternatively spliced. We and others have demonstrated the existence of an antisense transcript initiating in the 3′ LTR of the Human T-cell Leukemia Virus type 1 (HTLV-1) that is involved in the production of HBZ (HTLV-1 basic leucine zipper (bZIP) factor). HBZ is a Fos-like factor capable of inhibiting Tax-mediated activation of the HTLV-1 LTR by interacting with the cellular transcription factor cAMP-response element-binding protein (CREB) and the pleiotropic cellular coactivators p300/CBP. HBZ can also activate cellular transcription through its interaction with p300/CBP. Interestingly, HBZ has also been found to promote T-lymphocyte proliferation. By down-regulating viral expression and by stimulating T-cell proliferation, HBZ could be essential in the establishment of a chronic infection. Antisense transcription also occurs in the closely related HTLV-2 retrovirus as well as in the recently discovered HTLV-3 and HTLV-4. These antisense transcripts are also involved in the production of retroviral proteins that we have termed Antisense Protein of HTLVs (APH). Like HBZ, the APH proteins are localized in the nucleus of transfected cells and repress Tax-mediated viral transcription.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Barbeau
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, Centre de recherche Bio Med, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal (Québec) H2X 3X8, Canada; E-Mail:
| | - Jean-Michel Mesnard
- Centre d’études d’agents Pathogènes et Biotechnologies pour la Santé, Université Montpellier 1, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
- CNRS, UM5236, CPBS, F-34965 Montpellier, France
- CPBS, Université Montpellier 2, F-34095 Montpellier, France
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +33-434-359-440; Fax: +33-434-359-411
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Avvakumov N, Nourani A, Côté J. Histone chaperones: modulators of chromatin marks. Mol Cell 2011; 41:502-14. [PMID: 21362547 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2011.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2010] [Revised: 01/26/2011] [Accepted: 02/09/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The many factors that control chromatin biology play key roles in essential nuclear functions like transcription, DNA damage response and repair, recombination, and replication and are critical for proper cell-cycle progression, stem cell renewal, differentiation, and development. These players belong to four broad classes: histone modifiers, chromatin remodelers, histone variants, and histone chaperones. A large number of studies have established the existence of an intricate functional crosstalk between the different factors, not only within a single class but also between different classes. In light of this, while many recent reviews have focused on structure and functions of histone chaperones, the current text highlights novel and striking links that have been established between these proteins and posttranslational modifications of histones and discusses the functional consequences of this crosstalk. These findings feed a current hot question of how cell memory may be maintained through epigenetic mechanisms involving histone chaperones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Avvakumov
- Laval University Cancer Research Center, Hôtel-Dieu de Québec (CHUQ), 9 McMahon Street, Quebec City, Quebec G1R 2J6, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Nucleosome eviction and activated transcription require p300 acetylation of histone H3 lysine 14. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107:19254-9. [PMID: 20974913 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1009650107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone posttranslational modifications and chromatin dynamics are inextricably linked to eukaryotic gene expression. Among the many modifications that have been characterized, histone tail acetylation is most strongly correlated with transcriptional activation. In Metazoa, promoters of transcriptionally active genes are generally devoid of physically repressive nucleosomes, consistent with the contemporaneous binding of the large RNA polymerase II transcription machinery. The histone acetyltransferase p300 is also detected at active gene promoters, flanked by regions of histone hyperacetylation. Although the correlation between histone tail acetylation and gene activation is firmly established, the mechanisms by which acetylation facilitates this fundamental biological process remain poorly understood. To explore the role of acetylation in nucleosome dynamics, we utilized an immobilized template carrying a natural promoter reconstituted with various combinations of wild-type and mutant histones. We find that the histone H3 N-terminal tail is indispensable for activator, p300, and acetyl-CoA-dependent nucleosome eviction mediated by the histone chaperone Nap1. Significantly, we identify H3 lysine 14 as the essential p300 acetylation substrate required for dissociation of the histone octamer from the promoter DNA. Together, a total of 11 unique mutant octamer sets corroborated these observations and revealed a striking correlation between nucleosome eviction and strong activator and acetyl-CoA-dependent transcriptional activation. These novel findings uncover an exclusive role for H3 lysine 14 acetylation in facilitating the ATP-independent and transcription-independent disassembly of promoter nucleosomes by Nap1. Furthermore, these studies directly couple nucleosome disassembly with strong, activator-dependent transcription.
Collapse
|
42
|
Xue K, Song J, Wei H, Chen L, Ma Y, Liu S, Li Y, Dai Y, Zhao Y, Li N. Synchronous behaviors of CBP and acetylations of lysine 18 and lysine 23 on histone H3 during porcine oocyte first meiotic division. Mol Reprod Dev 2010; 77:605-14. [PMID: 20575085 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.21190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
As a transcriptional coactivator and acetyltransferase, CREB-binding protein (CBP) is widely characterized due to its functions in cell proliferation and development. However, the activities of CBP in oocyte meiosis are not completely clear. Here we showed that the localization and expression of CBP changed regularly with the progression of porcine oocyte meiosis. The emergence of CBP in chromosomal domains is temporally coincident with the establishments of acetylated lysine 18 (AcH3/K18), lysine 23 (AcH3/K23) and dimethylated arginine 17 (dime-H3/R17) of histone H3 at meiotic stages from germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) to metaphase I (MI). Both CBP expression and these three histone modifications persisted to telophase I (TI). When trichostatin A (TSA) was used to enhance histone acetylations in porcine oocytes, we found that hyperacetylations of H3K18 and H3K23 occurred at meiotic stage from GVBD to TI, together with advanced and enhanced expression of CBP in the nucleus. In addition, disturbance of CBP activity by treatment with 2-Naphthol-AS-Ephosphate (KG-501, a drug targeting the KIX domain of CBP that disrupts the formation of CBP functional complex) led to synchronous decreases of CBP expression, AcH3/K18 and AcH3/K23 in chromosomal domains during oocyte meiosis. Therefore, these results indicate that the synchronous changes of CBP expression, AcH3/K18 and AcH3/K23 occur during porcine oocyte meiosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Xue
- State Key Laboratories for AgroBiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Szerlong HJ, Prenni JE, Nyborg JK, Hansen JC. Activator-dependent p300 acetylation of chromatin in vitro: enhancement of transcription by disruption of repressive nucleosome-nucleosome interactions. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:31954-64. [PMID: 20720004 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.148718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Condensation of chromatin into higher order structures is mediated by intra- and interfiber nucleosome-nucleosome interactions. Our goals in this study were to determine the impact specific activator-dependent histone acetylation had on chromatin condensation and to ascertain whether acetylation-induced changes in chromatin condensation were related to changes in RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) activity. To accomplish this, an in vitro model system was constructed in which the purified transcriptional activators, Tax and phosphorylated CREB (cAMP-response element-binding protein), recruited the p300 histone acetyltransferase to nucleosomal templates containing the human T-cell leukemia virus type-1 promoter sequences. We find that activator-dependent p300 histone acetylation disrupted both inter- and intrafiber nucleosome-nucleosome interactions and simultaneously led to enhanced RNAPII transcription from the decondensed model chromatin. p300 histone acetyltransferase activity had two distinct components: non-targeted, ubiquitous activity in the absence of activators and activator-dependent activity targeted primarily to promoter-proximal nucleosomes. Mass spectrometry identified several unique p300 acetylation sites on nucleosomal histone H3 (H3K9, H3K27, H3K36, and H3K37). Collectively, our data have important implications for understanding both the mechanism of RNAPII transcriptional regulation by chromatin and the molecular determinants of higher order chromatin structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heather J Szerlong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1870, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Hansen JC, Nyborg JK, Luger K, Stargell LA. Histone chaperones, histone acetylation, and the fluidity of the chromogenome. J Cell Physiol 2010; 224:289-99. [PMID: 20432449 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The "chromogenome" is defined as the structural and functional status of the genome at any given moment within a eukaryotic cell. This article focuses on recently uncovered relationships between histone chaperones, post-translational acetylation of histones, and modulation of the chromogenome. We emphasize those chaperones that function in a replication-independent manner, and for which three-dimensional structural information has been obtained. The emerging links between histone acetylation and chaperone function in both yeast and higher metazoans are discussed, including the importance of nucleosome-free regions. We close by posing many questions pertaining to how the coupled action of histone chaperones and acetylation influences chromogenome structure and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey C Hansen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
The histone shuffle: histone chaperones in an energetic dance. Trends Biochem Sci 2010; 35:476-89. [PMID: 20444609 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2010.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2010] [Revised: 03/30/2010] [Accepted: 04/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Our genetic information is tightly packaged into a rather ingenious nucleoprotein complex called chromatin in a manner that enables it to be rapidly accessed during genomic processes. Formation of the nucleosome, which is the fundamental unit of chromatin, occurs via a stepwise process that is reversed to enable the disassembly of nucleosomes. Histone chaperone proteins have prominent roles in facilitating these processes as well as in replacing old histones with new canonical histones or histone variants during the process of histone exchange. Recent structural, biophysical and biochemical studies have begun to shed light on the molecular mechanisms whereby histone chaperones promote chromatin assembly, disassembly and histone exchange to facilitate DNA replication, repair and transcription.
Collapse
|
46
|
Kim YM, Geiger TR, Egan DI, Sharma N, Nyborg JK. The HTLV-1 tax protein cooperates with phosphorylated CREB, TORC2 and p300 to activate CRE-dependent cyclin D1 transcription. Oncogene 2010; 29:2142-52. [PMID: 20101207 PMCID: PMC2851846 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2009.498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma is a fatal malignancy etiologically linked to infection with the human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV-1). The virally-encoded oncoprotein Tax activates transcription of HTLV-1 and cellular genes by cooperating with cellular transcription factors. Cyclin D1 is a pivotal regulator of cell cycle progression, and increased expression strongly correlates with malignant transformation. Here, we characterize the mechanism of Tax transactivation of cyclin D1. We find that cyclin D1 transcript levels are elevated in HTLV-1 infected cells and that Tax physically associates with the cyclin D1 gene in vivo. Tax binds the cyclin D1 promoter-proximal cyclic AMP response element (CRE) in the presence of phosphorylated CREB (pCREB) in vitro, and together the Tax/pCREB complex recruits the cellular coactivator p300 to the promoter via this unconventional Tax-responsive element. We further show that Transducer of Regulated CREB 2 (TORC2) cooperates with Tax to further enhance p300 recruitment to the cyclin D1 promoter in vitro, consistent with enhanced cyclin D1 expression in the presence of Tax and TORC2. Together, our findings support a model in which Tax-induced accumulation of cyclin D1 shortens the G1 phase of the cell cycle, promotes mitotic replication of the virus, and drives selection and expansion of malignant T-cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y-M Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1870, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Subcellular localization of the interaction between the human immunodeficiency virus transactivator Tat and the nucleosome assembly protein 1. Amino Acids 2009; 38:1583-93. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-009-0378-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2009] [Accepted: 10/14/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
48
|
Nucleosome assembly proteins bind to Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 1 and affect its functions in DNA replication and transcriptional activation. J Virol 2009; 83:11704-14. [PMID: 19726498 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00931-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The EBNA1 protein of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) plays several important roles in EBV latent infection, including activating DNA replication from the latent origin of replication (oriP) and activating the transcription of other latency genes within the EBV chromatin. These functions require EBNA1 binding to the DS and FR elements within oriP, respectively, although how these interactions activate these processes is not clear. We previously identified interactions of EBNA1 with the related nucleosome assembly proteins NAP1 and TAF-I, known to affect the replication and transcription of other chromatinized templates. We have further investigated these interactions, showing that EBNA1 binds directly to NAP1 and to the beta isoform of TAF-I (also called SET) and that these interactions greatly increase the solubility of EBNA1 in vitro. These interactions were confirmed in EBV-infected cells, and chromatin immunoprecipitation with these cells showed that NAP1 and TAF-I both localized with EBNA1 to the FR element, while only TAF-I was detected with EBNA1 at the DS element. In keeping with these observations, alteration of the NAP1 or TAF-Ibeta level by RNA interference and overexpression inhibited transcriptional activation by EBNA1 in FR reporter assays. In addition, EBNA1-mediated DNA replication was stimulated when TAF-I (but not NAP1) was downregulated and was inhibited by TAF-Ibeta overexpression. The results indicate that the interaction of EBNA1 with NAP1 and TAF-I is important for transcriptional activation and that EBNA1 recruits TAF-I to the DS element, where it negatively regulates DNA replication.
Collapse
|
49
|
Poon SL, Hammond GT, Leung PCK. Epidermal growth factor-induced GnRH-II synthesis contributes to ovarian cancer cell invasion. Mol Endocrinol 2009; 23:1646-56. [PMID: 19608641 DOI: 10.1210/me.2009-0147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
GnRH-II modulates ovarian cancer cells invasion and is expressed in normal ovary and ovarian epithelial cancer cells; however, the upstream regulator(s) of GnRH-II expression in these cells remains unclear. We now demonstrate that epidermal growth factor (EGF) increases GnRH-II mRNA levels in several human ovarian carcinoma cell lines and up-regulates GnRH-II promoter activity in OVCAR-3 cells in a dose-dependent manner, whereas an EGF receptor inhibitor (AG148) abolishes EGF-induced increases in GnRH-II promoter activity and GnRH-II mRNA levels. EGF increases the phosphorylation of cAMP-responsive element-binding protein (p-CREB) and its association with the coregulator, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein beta, whereas blocking the EGF-induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation with MAPK inhibitors (PD98059/U0126) markedly reduced these effects. Moreover, depletion of CREB using small interfering RNA attenuated EGF-induced GnRH-II promoter activity. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that EGF induces p-CREB binding to a cAMP responsive-element within the GnRH-II promoter, likely in association with CCAAT/enhancer binding protein beta, and mutagenesis of this cAMP responsive-element prevented EGF-induced GnRH-II promoter activity in OVCAR-3 cells. Importantly, GnRH-II acts additively with EGF to promote invasion of OVCAR-3 and CaOV-3 cells, but not SKOV-3 cells that express low levels of GnRH receptor (GnRHR). Treatment with GnRHR small interfering RNA also partially inhibited the EGF-induced invasion of OVCAR-3 and CaOV-3 cells. Furthermore, EGF treatment transiently increases GnRHR levels in OVCAR-3 and CaOV-3, which likely accentuates the effects of increase GnRH-II production on cell invasion. These results provide evidence that EGF is an upstream regulator of the autocrine actions of GnRH-II on the invasive properties of ovarian cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Song Ling Poon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6H 3V5
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Stable complex formation between HIV Rev and the nucleosome assembly protein, NAP1, affects Rev function. Virology 2009; 388:103-11. [PMID: 19339032 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2009.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2008] [Revised: 01/10/2009] [Accepted: 03/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The Rev protein of HIV-1 is essential for HIV-1 proliferation due to its role in exporting viral RNA from the nucleus. We used a modified version of tandem affinity purification (TAP) tagging to identify proteins interacting with HIV-1 Rev in human cells and discovered a prominent interaction between Rev and nucleosome assembly protein 1 (Nap1). This interaction was also observed by specific retention of Nap1 from human cell lysates on a Rev affinity column. Nap1 was found to bind Rev through the Rev arginine-rich domain and altered the oligomerization state of Rev in vitro. Overexpression of Nap1 stimulated the ability of Rev to export RNA, reduced the nucleolar localization of Rev, and affected Rev nuclear import rates. The results suggest that Nap-1 may influence Rev function by increasing the availability of Rev.
Collapse
|