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Jha MP, Kumar V, Ghosh A, Mapa K. Sse1, Hsp110 chaperone of yeast, controls the cellular fate during endoplasmic reticulum stress. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2024; 14:jkae075. [PMID: 38577891 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkae075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Sse1 is a cytosolic Hsp110 molecular chaperone of yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Its multifaceted roles in cellular protein homeostasis as a nucleotide exchange factor (NEF), as a protein-disaggregase and as a chaperone linked to protein synthesis (CLIPS) are well documented. In the current study, we show that SSE1 genetically interacts with IRE1 and HAC1, the endoplasmic reticulum-unfolded protein response (ER-UPR) sensors implicating its role in ER protein homeostasis. Interestingly, the absence of this chaperone imparts unusual resistance to tunicamycin-induced ER stress which depends on the intact Ire1-Hac1 mediated ER-UPR signaling. Furthermore, cells lacking SSE1 show inefficient ER-stress-responsive reorganization of translating ribosomes from polysomes to monosomes that drive uninterrupted protein translation during tunicamycin stress. In consequence, the sse1Δ strain shows prominently faster reversal from ER-UPR activated state indicating quicker restoration of homeostasis, in comparison to the wild-type (WT) cells. Importantly, Sse1 plays a critical role in controlling the ER-stress-mediated cell division arrest, which is escaped in sse1Δ strain during chronic tunicamycin stress. Accordingly, sse1Δ strain shows significantly higher cell viability in comparison to WT yeast imparting the stark fitness following short-term as well as long-term tunicamycin stress. These data, all together, suggest that cytosolic chaperone Sse1 is an important modulator of ER stress response in yeast and it controls stress-induced cell division arrest and cell death during overwhelming ER stress induced by tunicamycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mainak Pratim Jha
- Protein Homeostasis Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence, Delhi-NCR, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India
| | - Vignesh Kumar
- Chemical and Systems Biology Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi 110025, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Asmita Ghosh
- Chemical and Systems Biology Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi 110025, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Koyeli Mapa
- Protein Homeostasis Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence, Delhi-NCR, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India
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2
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Kinger S, Jagtap YA, Kumar P, Choudhary A, Prasad A, Prajapati VK, Kumar A, Mehta G, Mishra A. Proteostasis in neurodegenerative diseases. Adv Clin Chem 2024; 121:270-333. [PMID: 38797543 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2024.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Proteostasis is essential for normal function of proteins and vital for cellular health and survival. Proteostasis encompasses all stages in the "life" of a protein, that is, from translation to functional performance and, ultimately, to degradation. Proteins need native conformations for function and in the presence of multiple types of stress, their misfolding and aggregation can occur. A coordinated network of proteins is at the core of proteostasis in cells. Among these, chaperones are required for maintaining the integrity of protein conformations by preventing misfolding and aggregation and guide those with abnormal conformation to degradation. The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and autophagy are major cellular pathways for degrading proteins. Although failure or decreased functioning of components of this network can lead to proteotoxicity and disease, like neuron degenerative diseases, underlying factors are not completely understood. Accumulating misfolded and aggregated proteins are considered major pathomechanisms of neurodegeneration. In this chapter, we have described the components of three major branches required for proteostasis-chaperones, UPS and autophagy, the mechanistic basis of their function, and their potential for protection against various neurodegenerative conditions, like Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's disease. The modulation of various proteostasis network proteins, like chaperones, E3 ubiquitin ligases, proteasome, and autophagy-associated proteins as therapeutic targets by small molecules as well as new and unconventional approaches, shows promise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Kinger
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Yuvraj Anandrao Jagtap
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Prashant Kumar
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Akash Choudhary
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Amit Prasad
- School of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Vijay Kumar Prajapati
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Gunjan Mehta
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Amit Mishra
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India.
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3
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Bragina EY, Gomboeva DE, Saik OV, Ivanisenko VA, Freidin MB, Nazarenko MS, Puzyrev VP. Apoptosis Genes as a Key to Identification of Inverse Comorbidity of Huntington's Disease and Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119385. [PMID: 37298337 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer and neurodegenerative disorders present overwhelming challenges for healthcare worldwide. Epidemiological studies showed a decrease in cancer rates in patients with neurodegenerative disorders, including the Huntington disease (HD). Apoptosis is one of the most important processes for both cancer and neurodegeneration. We suggest that genes closely connected with apoptosis and associated with HD may affect carcinogenesis. We applied reconstruction and analysis of gene networks associated with HD and apoptosis and identified potentially important genes for inverse comorbidity of cancer and HD. The top 10 high-priority candidate genes included APOE, PSEN1, INS, IL6, SQSTM1, SP1, HTT, LEP, HSPA4, and BDNF. Functional analysis of these genes was carried out using gene ontology and KEGG pathways. By exploring genome-wide association study results, we identified genes associated with neurodegenerative and oncological disorders, as well as their endophenotypes and risk factors. We used publicly available datasets of HD and breast and prostate cancers to analyze the expression of the identified genes. Functional modules of these genes were characterized according to disease-specific tissues. This integrative approach revealed that these genes predominantly exert similar functions in different tissues. Apoptosis along with lipid metabolism dysregulation and cell homeostasis maintenance in the response to environmental stimulus and drugs are likely key processes in inverse comorbidity of cancer in patients with HD. Overall, the identified genes represent the promising targets for studying molecular relations of cancer and HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Yu Bragina
- Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Densema E Gomboeva
- Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Olga V Saik
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Vladimir A Ivanisenko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Maxim B Freidin
- Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
- Department of Biology, School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
- Centre of Omics Technology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria S Nazarenko
- Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of General Medicine, Siberian State Medical University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Valery P Puzyrev
- Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of General Medicine, Siberian State Medical University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
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4
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Hu L, Sun C, Kidd JM, Han J, Fang X, Li H, Liu Q, May AE, Li Q, Zhou L, Liu Q. A first-in-class inhibitor of Hsp110 molecular chaperones of pathogenic fungi. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2745. [PMID: 37173314 PMCID: PMC10182041 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38220-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteins of the Hsp110 family are molecular chaperones that play important roles in protein homeostasis in eukaryotes. The pathogenic fungus Candida albicans, which causes infections in humans, has a single Hsp110, termed Msi3. Here, we provide proof-of-principle evidence supporting fungal Hsp110s as targets for the development of new antifungal drugs. We identify a pyrazolo[3,4-b] pyridine derivative, termed HLQ2H (or 2H), that inhibits the biochemical and chaperone activities of Msi3, as well as the growth and viability of C. albicans. Moreover, the fungicidal activity of 2H correlates with its inhibition of in vivo protein folding. We propose 2H and related compounds as promising leads for development of new antifungals and as pharmacological tools for the study of the molecular mechanisms and functions of Hsp110s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqing Hu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Cancan Sun
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Justin M Kidd
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Jizhong Han
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Xianjun Fang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Hongtao Li
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Qingdai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Aaron E May
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Qianbin Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China.
| | - Qinglian Liu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA.
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5
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Fatti E, Hirth A, Švorinić A, Günther M, Stier G, Cruciat CM, Acebrón SP, Papageorgiou D, Sinning I, Krijgsveld J, Höfer T, Niehrs C. DEAD box RNA helicases act as nucleotide exchange factors for casein kinase 2. Sci Signal 2023; 16:eabp8923. [PMID: 37098120 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abp8923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
DDX RNA helicases promote RNA processing, but DDX3X also activates casein kinase 1 (CK1ε). We show that other DDX proteins also stimulate the protein kinase activity of CK1ε and that this extends to casein kinase 2 (CK2). CK2 enzymatic activity was stimulated by various DDX proteins at high substrate concentrations. DDX1, DDX24, DDX41, and DDX54 were required for full kinase activity in vitro and in Xenopus embryos. Mutational analysis of DDX3X indicated that CK1 and CK2 kinase stimulation engages its RNA binding but not catalytic motifs. Mathematical modeling of enzyme kinetics and stopped-flow spectroscopy showed that DDX proteins function as nucleotide exchange factors toward CK2 and reduce unproductive reaction intermediates and substrate inhibition. Our study reveals protein kinase stimulation by nucleotide exchange as important for kinase regulation and as a generic function of DDX proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Fatti
- Division of Molecular Embryology, DKFZ-ZMBH-Alliance, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Ruprecht-Karls University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexander Hirth
- Division of Molecular Embryology, DKFZ-ZMBH-Alliance, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Ruprecht-Karls University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrea Švorinić
- Division of Molecular Embryology, DKFZ-ZMBH-Alliance, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Ruprecht-Karls University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center (BZH), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Günther
- Division of Theoretical Systems Biology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gunter Stier
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center (BZH), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Cristina-Maria Cruciat
- Division of Molecular Embryology, DKFZ-ZMBH-Alliance, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sergio P Acebrón
- Division of Molecular Embryology, DKFZ-ZMBH-Alliance, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dimitris Papageorgiou
- Proteomics of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 672, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Irmgard Sinning
- Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center (BZH), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jeroen Krijgsveld
- Proteomics of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 672, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Höfer
- Division of Theoretical Systems Biology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christof Niehrs
- Division of Molecular Embryology, DKFZ-ZMBH-Alliance, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), 55128 Mainz, Germany
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6
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Differential contributions of the proteasome, autophagy, and chaperones to the clearance of arsenite-induced protein aggregates in yeast. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102680. [PMID: 36356902 PMCID: PMC9723941 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The poisonous metalloid arsenite induces widespread misfolding and aggregation of nascent proteins in vivo, and this mode of toxic action might underlie its suspected role in the pathology of certain protein misfolding diseases. Evolutionarily conserved protein quality-control systems protect cells against arsenite-mediated proteotoxicity, and herein, we systematically assessed the contribution of the ubiquitin-proteasome system, the autophagy-vacuole pathway, and chaperone-mediated disaggregation to the clearance of arsenite-induced protein aggregates in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We show that the ubiquitin-proteasome system is the main pathway that clears aggregates formed during arsenite stress and that cells depend on this pathway for optimal growth. The autophagy-vacuole pathway and chaperone-mediated disaggregation both contribute to clearance, but their roles appear less prominent than the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Our in vitro assays with purified components of the yeast disaggregating machinery demonstrated that chaperone binding to aggregates formed in the presence of arsenite is impaired. Hsp104 and Hsp70 chaperone activity was unaffected by arsenite, suggesting that this metalloid influences aggregate structure, making them less accessible for chaperone-mediated disaggregation. We further show that the defect in chaperone-mediated refolding of a model protein was abrogated in a cysteine-free version of the substrate, suggesting that arsenite directly modifies cysteines in non-native target proteins. In conclusion, our study sheds novel light on the differential contributions of protein quality-control systems to aggregate clearance and cell proliferation and extends our understanding of how these systems operate during arsenite stress.
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7
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Cabrera Y, Bernardo-Seisdedos G, Dublang L, Albesa-Jové D, Orozco N, Rosa Viguera A, Millet O, Muga A, Moro F. Fine-tuning of the Hsc70-based human protein disaggregase machinery by the distinctive C-terminal extension of Apg2. J Mol Biol 2022; 434:167841. [PMID: 36167183 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2022.167841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Apg2, one of the three cytosolic Hsp110 chaperones in humans, supports reactivation of unordered and ordered protein aggregates by Hsc70 (HspA8). Together with DnaJB1, Apg2 serves to nucleate Hsc70 molecules into sites where productive entropic pulling forces can be developed. During aggregate reactivation, Apg2 performs as a specialized nucleotide exchange factor, but the origin of its specialization is poorly defined. Here we report on the role of the distinctive C-terminal extension present in Apg2 and other metazoan homologs. We found that the first part of this Apg2 subdomain with propensity to adopt α-helical structure interacts with the nucleotide binding domain of Hsc70 in a nucleotide-dependent manner, contributing significantly to the stability of the Hsc70:Apg2 complex. Moreover, the second intrinsically disordered segment of Apg2 C-terminal extension plays an important role as a downregulator of nucleotide exchange. An NMR analysis showed that the interaction with Hsc70 nucleotide binding domain modifies the chemical environment of residues located in important functional sites such as the interface between lobe I and II and the nucleotide binding site. Our data indicate that Apg2 C-terminal extension is a fine-tuner of human Hsc70 activity that optimizes the substrate remodeling ability of the chaperone system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yovana Cabrera
- Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC) y Dpto. de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco, Barrio Sarriena S/N, 48490 Leioa, Spain; Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 9C, 41390 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Leire Dublang
- Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC) y Dpto. de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco, Barrio Sarriena S/N, 48490 Leioa, Spain
| | - David Albesa-Jové
- Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC) y Dpto. de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco, Barrio Sarriena S/N, 48490 Leioa, Spain; Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Natalia Orozco
- Fundación Biofísica Bizkaia, Barrio Sarriena S/N, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Ana Rosa Viguera
- Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC) y Dpto. de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco, Barrio Sarriena S/N, 48490 Leioa, Spain
| | - Oscar Millet
- Precision Medicine and Metabolism Lab, CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Arturo Muga
- Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC) y Dpto. de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco, Barrio Sarriena S/N, 48490 Leioa, Spain
| | - Fernando Moro
- Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC) y Dpto. de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco, Barrio Sarriena S/N, 48490 Leioa, Spain.
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8
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Kojima R, Takai S, Osada H, Yamamoto L, Furukawa M, Gullans SR. Novel function of the C-Terminal region of the Hsp110 family member Osp94 in unfolded protein refolding. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:274905. [PMID: 35237814 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.258542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Osp94, a member of the Hsp110/Sse1 family of heat shock proteins, has a longer C-terminus than Hsc70/Hsp70, composed of the loop region with partial SBDβ (L), and SBDα and the C-terminal extension (H), but the functions of these domains are poorly understood. Osp94 suppressed heat-induced aggregation of luciferase (Luc). Osp94-bound heat-inactivated Luc was reactivated in the presence of rabbit reticulocyte lysate (RRL) and/or a combination of Hsc70 and Hsp40. Targeted deletion mutagenesis revealed that the SBDβ and H domains of Osp94 are critical for protein disaggregation and RRL-mediated refolding. Reactivation of Hsp90-bound heat-inactivated Luc was abolished in the absence of RRL but compensated by PA28α, a proteasome activator. Interestingly, the LH domain also reactivated heat-inactivated Luc, independent of PA28α. Biotin-tag cross-linking experiments indicated that the LH domain and PA28α interact with Luc bound by Hsp90 during refolding. A chimera protein in which the H domain was exchanged for PA28α also mediated disaggregation and reactivation of heat-inactivated Luc. These results indicate that Osp94 acts as a holdase and that the C-terminal region plays a PA28α-like role in the refolding of unfolded proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoji Kojima
- Laboratory of Analytical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Aichi, 468-8503, Japan
| | - Shinichi Takai
- Laboratory of Analytical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Aichi, 468-8503, Japan
| | - Hinako Osada
- Laboratory of Analytical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Aichi, 468-8503, Japan
| | - Lina Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Analytical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Aichi, 468-8503, Japan
| | - Misa Furukawa
- Laboratory of Analytical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Aichi, 468-8503, Japan
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9
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Class-specific interactions between Sis1 J-domain protein and Hsp70 chaperone potentiate disaggregation of misfolded proteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2108163118. [PMID: 34873058 PMCID: PMC8670446 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2108163118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
How chaperones rescue cells from toxic aggregates, associated with stress, aging, and disease, is not fully understood. Here, we focus on aggregate recognition by yeast Hsp70- and Hsp104-disaggregating proteins. We show that two conserved classes of J-domain proteins (JDPs/Hsp40s), which regulate Hsp70, use disparate mechanisms to recruit chaperones to aggregates. Bipartite interaction with Hsp70 enables Sis1, a Class B JDP, to tether more Hsp70 molecules to the aggregate, which improves disaggregation with Hsp104. Ydj1 of the Class A, in turn, drives effective reactivation of misfolding-prone substrates. Our results demonstrate that the two classes of JDPs, albeit overlapping in function, differently contribute to the individual stages of disaggregation. This demonstrates how the diversification of cochaperones improves protein quality control. Protein homeostasis is constantly being challenged with protein misfolding that leads to aggregation. Hsp70 is one of the versatile chaperones that interact with misfolded proteins and actively support their folding. Multifunctional Hsp70s are harnessed to specific roles by J-domain proteins (JDPs, also known as Hsp40s). Interaction with the J-domain of these cochaperones stimulates ATP hydrolysis in Hsp70, which stabilizes substrate binding. In eukaryotes, two classes of JDPs, Class A and Class B, engage Hsp70 in the reactivation of aggregated proteins. In most species, excluding metazoans, protein recovery also relies on an Hsp100 disaggregase. Although intensely studied, many mechanistic details of how the two JDP classes regulate protein disaggregation are still unknown. Here, we explore functional differences between the yeast Class A (Ydj1) and Class B (Sis1) JDPs at the individual stages of protein disaggregation. With real-time biochemical tools, we show that Ydj1 alone is superior to Sis1 in aggregate binding, yet it is Sis1 that recruits more Ssa1 molecules to the substrate. This advantage of Sis1 depends on its ability to bind to the EEVD motif of Hsp70, a quality specific to most of Class B JDPs. This second interaction also conditions the Hsp70-induced aggregate modification that boosts its subsequent dissolution by the Hsp104 disaggregase. Our results suggest that the Sis1-mediated chaperone assembly at the aggregate surface potentiates the entropic pulling, driven polypeptide disentanglement, while Ydj1 binding favors the refolding of the solubilized proteins. Such subspecialization of the JDPs across protein reactivation improves the robustness and efficiency of the disaggregation machinery.
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10
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Li H, Hu L, Cuffee CW, Mohamed M, Li Q, Liu Q, Zhou L, Liu Q. Interdomain interactions dictate the function of the Candida albicans Hsp110 protein Msi3. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101082. [PMID: 34403698 PMCID: PMC8424595 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins of 110 kDa (Hsp110s), a unique class of molecular chaperones, are essential for maintaining protein homeostasis. Hsp110s exhibit a strong chaperone activity preventing protein aggregation (the "holdase" activity) and also function as the major nucleotide-exchange factor (NEF) for Hsp70 chaperones. Hsp110s contain two functional domains: a nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) and substrate-binding domain (SBD). ATP binding is essential for Hsp110 function and results in close contacts between the NBD and SBD. However, the molecular mechanism of this ATP-induced allosteric coupling remains poorly defined. In this study, we carried out biochemical analysis on Msi3, the sole Hsp110 in Candida albicans, to dissect the unique allosteric coupling of Hsp110s using three mutations affecting the domain-domain interface. All the mutations abolished both the in vivo and in vitro functions of Msi3. While the ATP-bound state was disrupted in all mutants, only mutation of the NBD-SBDβ interfaces showed significant ATPase activity, suggesting that the full-length Hsp110s have an ATPase that is mainly suppressed by NBD-SBDβ contacts. Moreover, the high-affinity ATP-binding unexpectedly appears to require these NBD-SBD contacts. Remarkably, the "holdase" activity was largely intact for all mutants tested while NEF activity was mostly compromised, although both activities strictly depended on the ATP-bound state, indicating different requirements for these two activities. Stable peptide substrate binding to Msi3 led to dissociation of the NBD-SBD contacts and compromised interactions with Hsp70. Taken together, our data demonstrate that the exceptionally strong NBD-SBD contacts in Hsp110s dictate the unique allosteric coupling and biochemical activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Li
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Liqing Hu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Crist William Cuffee
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Mahetab Mohamed
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Qianbin Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qingdai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Qinglian Liu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA,For correspondence: Qinglian Liu
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11
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Wang Y, Li H, Sun C, Liu Q, Zhou L, Liu Q. Purification and biochemical characterization of Msi3, an essential Hsp110 molecular chaperone in Candida albicans. Cell Stress Chaperones 2021; 26:695-704. [PMID: 34047887 PMCID: PMC8275692 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-021-01213-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hsp110s are unique and essential molecular chaperones in the eukaryotic cytosol. They play important roles in maintaining cellular protein homeostasis. Candida albicans is the most prevalent yeast opportunistic pathogen that causes fungal infections in humans. As the only Hsp110 in Candida albicans, Msi3 is essential for the growth and infection of Candida albicans. In this study, we have expressed and purified Msi3 in nucleotide-free state and carried out biochemical analyses. Sse1 is the major Hsp110 in budding yeast S. cerevisiae and the best characterized Hsp110. Msi3 can substitute Sse1 in complementing the temperature-sensitive phenotype of S. cerevisiae carrying a deletion of SSE1 gene although Msi3 shares only 63.4% sequence identity with Sse1. Consistent with this functional similarity, the purified Msi3 protein shares many similar biochemical activities with Sse1 including binding ATP with high affinity, changing conformation upon ATP binding, stimulating the nucleotide-exchange for Hsp70, preventing protein aggregation, and assisting Hsp70 in refolding denatured luciferase. These biochemical characterizations suggested that Msi3 can be used as a model for studying the molecular mechanisms of Hsp110s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Hongtao Li
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Cancan Sun
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Qingdai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Qinglian Liu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA.
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12
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Kohler V, Andréasson C. Hsp70-mediated quality control: should I stay or should I go? Biol Chem 2021; 401:1233-1248. [PMID: 32745066 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2020-0187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Chaperones of the 70 kDa heat shock protein (Hsp70) superfamily are key components of the cellular proteostasis system. Together with its co-chaperones, Hsp70 forms proteostasis subsystems that antagonize protein damage during physiological and stress conditions. This function stems from highly regulated binding and release cycles of protein substrates, which results in a flow of unfolded, partially folded and misfolded species through the Hsp70 subsystem. Specific factors control how Hsp70 makes decisions regarding folding and degradation fates of the substrate proteins. In this review, we summarize how the flow of Hsp70 substrates is controlled in the cell with special emphasis on recent advances regarding substrate release mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Kohler
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Claes Andréasson
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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13
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Karunanayake C, Page RC. Cytosolic protein quality control machinery: Interactions of Hsp70 with a network of co-chaperones and substrates. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2021; 246:1419-1434. [PMID: 33730888 PMCID: PMC8243209 DOI: 10.1177/1535370221999812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The chaperone heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) and its network of co-chaperones serve as a central hub of cellular protein quality control mechanisms. Domain organization in Hsp70 dictates ATPase activity, ATP dependent allosteric regulation, client/substrate binding and release, and interactions with co-chaperones. The protein quality control activities of Hsp70 are classified as foldase, holdase, and disaggregase activities. Co-chaperones directly assisting protein refolding included J domain proteins and nucleotide exchange factors. However, co-chaperones can also be grouped and explored based on which domain of Hsp70 they interact. Here we discuss how the network of cytosolic co-chaperones for Hsp70 contributes to the functions of Hsp70 while closely looking at their structural features. Comparison of domain organization and the structures of co-chaperones enables greater understanding of the interactions, mechanisms of action, and roles played in protein quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard C Page
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA
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14
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Chakafana G, Mudau PT, Zininga T, Shonhai A. Characterisation of a unique linker segment of the Plasmodium falciparum cytosol localised Hsp110 chaperone. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 180:272-285. [PMID: 33741370 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.03.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Plasmodium falciparum expresses two essential cytosol localised chaperones; PfHsp70-1 and PfHsp70-z. PfHsp70-z (Hsp110 homologue) is thought to facilitate nucleotide exchange function of PfHsp70-1. PfHsp70-1 is a refoldase, while PfHsp70-z is restricted to holdase chaperone function. The structural features delineating functional specialisation of these chaperones remain unknown. Notably, PfHsp70-z possesses a unique linker segment which could account for its distinct functions. Using recombinant forms of PfHsp70-1, PfHsp70-z and E. coli Hsp70 (DnaK) as well as their linker switch mutant forms, we explored the effects of the linker mutations by conducting several assays such as circular dichroism, intrinsic and extrinsic fluorescence coupled to biochemical and in cellular analyses. Our findings demonstrate that the linker of PfHsp70-z modulates global conformation of the chaperone, regulating several functions such as client protein binding, chaperone- and ATPase activities. In addition, as opposed to the flexible linker of PfHsp70-1, the PfHsp70-z linker is rigid, thus regulating its notable thermal stability, making it an effective stress buffer. Our findings suggest a crucial role for the linker in streamlining the functions of these two chaperones. The findings further explain how these distinct chaperones cooperate to ensure survival of P. falciparum particularly under the stressful human host environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham Chakafana
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Venda, Private Bag X5050, Thohoyandou, 0950, South Africa; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Pertunia T Mudau
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Venda, Private Bag X5050, Thohoyandou, 0950, South Africa
| | - Tawanda Zininga
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Venda, Private Bag X5050, Thohoyandou, 0950, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
| | - Addmore Shonhai
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Venda, Private Bag X5050, Thohoyandou, 0950, South Africa.
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15
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Edkins AL, Boshoff A. General Structural and Functional Features of Molecular Chaperones. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1340:11-73. [PMID: 34569020 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-78397-6_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Molecular chaperones are a group of structurally diverse and highly conserved ubiquitous proteins. They play crucial roles in facilitating the correct folding of proteins in vivo by preventing protein aggregation or facilitating the appropriate folding and assembly of proteins. Heat shock proteins form the major class of molecular chaperones that are responsible for protein folding events in the cell. This is achieved by ATP-dependent (folding machines) or ATP-independent mechanisms (holders). Heat shock proteins are induced by a variety of stresses, besides heat shock. The large and varied heat shock protein class is categorised into several subfamilies based on their sizes in kDa namely, small Hsps (HSPB), J domain proteins (Hsp40/DNAJ), Hsp60 (HSPD/E; Chaperonins), Hsp70 (HSPA), Hsp90 (HSPC), and Hsp100. Heat shock proteins are localised to different compartments in the cell to carry out tasks specific to their environment. Most heat shock proteins form large oligomeric structures, and their functions are usually regulated by a variety of cochaperones and cofactors. Heat shock proteins do not function in isolation but are rather part of the chaperone network in the cell. The general structural and functional features of the major heat shock protein families are discussed, including their roles in human disease. Their function is particularly important in disease due to increased stress in the cell. Vector-borne parasites affecting human health encounter stress during transmission between invertebrate vectors and mammalian hosts. Members of the main classes of heat shock proteins are all represented in Plasmodium falciparum, the causative agent of cerebral malaria, and they play specific functions in differentiation, cytoprotection, signal transduction, and virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne Lesley Edkins
- Biomedical Biotechnology Research Unit (BioBRU), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Makhanda/Grahamstown, South Africa.
- Rhodes University, Makhanda/Grahamstown, South Africa.
| | - Aileen Boshoff
- Rhodes University, Makhanda/Grahamstown, South Africa.
- Biotechnology Innovation Centre, Rhodes University, Makhanda/Grahamstown, South Africa.
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16
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Natarajan N, Shaik A, Thiruvenkatam V. Recombinant Tumor Suppressor TSC1 Differentially Interacts with Escherichia coli DnaK and Human HSP70. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:19131-19139. [PMID: 32775915 PMCID: PMC7408181 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a neurological syndrome manifested by non-cancerous tumors in several organs. Mutations in either TSC1 or TSC2 tumor suppressor gene cause the disease. In the cell, TSC1 is known to form a heterodimer with TSC2 because of which an active complex is formed that negatively regulates the mTORC1 activity during cellular stress. Hence, mutation in TSC1 or TSC2 is manifested by excess proliferation of the cells leading to the development of numerous benign tumors. The TSC1 and TSC2 complex is known to interact with several protein-binding partners. One such significant interaction of this complex is with the molecular chaperone HSP70. The role of TSC1 in that interaction is still elusive. Here, we have expressed and purified TSC1 (302-420 residues) in a bacterial expression system and have shown that this region directly interacts with HSP70. We have shown that TSC1 increases the ATPase activity of Escherichia coli DnaK, a HSP70 homologue. On the contrary, TSC1 was found to show inhibitory activity toward human HSP70. Our result suggests that TSC1 (302-420 aa) shows differential interaction between the HSP70 homologues. This points toward the evolutionary significance of chaperoning system and the importance of eukaryotic tetratricopeptide repeat domain interaction motif -EEVD. Our study shows the evidence that TSC1 interacts with HSP70 and has a role to play in the chaperoning activity to maintain cellular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nalini Natarajan
- Discipline
of Biological Engineering, Indian Institute
of Technology Gandhinagar, Simkheda, Palaj, Gandhinagar, 382355 Gujarat, India
| | - Althaf Shaik
- Discipline
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology
Gandhinagar, Simkheda, Palaj, Gandhinagar, 382355 Gujarat, India
| | - Vijay Thiruvenkatam
- Discipline
of Biological Engineering, Indian Institute
of Technology Gandhinagar, Simkheda, Palaj, Gandhinagar, 382355 Gujarat, India
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17
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Takakuwa JE, Nitika, Knighton LE, Truman AW. Oligomerization of Hsp70: Current Perspectives on Regulation and Function. Front Mol Biosci 2019; 6:81. [PMID: 31555664 PMCID: PMC6742908 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2019.00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hsp70 molecular chaperone in conjunction with Hsp90 and a suite of helper co-chaperones are required for the folding and subsequent refolding of a large proportion of the proteome. These proteins are critical for cell viability and play major roles in diseases of proteostasis which include neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. As a consequence, a large scientific effort has gone into understanding how chaperones such as Hsp70 function at the in vitro and in vivo level. Although many chaperones require constitutive self-interaction (dimerization and oligomerization) to function, Hsp70 has been thought to exist as a monomer, especially in eukaryotic cells. Recent studies have demonstrated that both bacterial and mammalian Hsp70 can exist as a dynamic pool of monomers, dimer, and oligomers. In this mini-review, we discuss the mechanisms and roles of Hsp70 oligomerization in Hsp70 function, as well as thoughts on how this integrates into well-established ideas of Hsp70 regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Andrew W. Truman
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, United States
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18
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Velasco L, Dublang L, Moro F, Muga A. The Complex Phosphorylation Patterns that Regulate the Activity of Hsp70 and Its Cochaperones. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20174122. [PMID: 31450862 PMCID: PMC6747476 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteins must fold into their native structure and maintain it during their lifespan to display the desired activity. To ensure proper folding and stability, and avoid generation of misfolded conformations that can be potentially cytotoxic, cells synthesize a wide variety of molecular chaperones that assist folding of other proteins and avoid their aggregation, which unfortunately is unavoidable under acute stress conditions. A protein machinery in metazoa, composed of representatives of the Hsp70, Hsp40, and Hsp110 chaperone families, can reactivate protein aggregates. We revised herein the phosphorylation sites found so far in members of these chaperone families and the functional consequences associated with some of them. We also discuss how phosphorylation might regulate the chaperone activity and the interaction of human Hsp70 with its accessory and client proteins. Finally, we present the information that would be necessary to decrypt the effect that post-translational modifications, and especially phosphorylation, could have on the biological activity of the Hsp70 system, known as the “chaperone code”.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorea Velasco
- Biofisika Institute (UPV/EHU, CSIC) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Leire Dublang
- Biofisika Institute (UPV/EHU, CSIC) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Fernando Moro
- Biofisika Institute (UPV/EHU, CSIC) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain.
| | - Arturo Muga
- Biofisika Institute (UPV/EHU, CSIC) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain.
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19
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Georgescauld F, Wales TE, Engen JR. Hydrogen deuterium exchange mass spectrometry applied to chaperones and chaperone-assisted protein folding. Expert Rev Proteomics 2019; 16:613-625. [DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2019.1633920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Georgescauld
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire des Eucaryotes, UMR8226, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Paris, France
| | - Thomas E. Wales
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John R. Engen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
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20
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Yakubu UM, Morano KA. Roles of the nucleotide exchange factor and chaperone Hsp110 in cellular proteostasis and diseases of protein misfolding. Biol Chem 2019; 399:1215-1221. [PMID: 29908125 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2018-0209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Cellular protein homeostasis (proteostasis) is maintained by a broad network of proteins involved in synthesis, folding, triage, repair and degradation. Chief among these are molecular chaperones and their cofactors that act as powerful protein remodelers. The growing realization that many human pathologies are fundamentally diseases of protein misfolding (proteopathies) has generated interest in understanding how the proteostasis network impacts onset and progression of these diseases. In this minireview, we highlight recent progress in understanding the enigmatic Hsp110 class of heat shock protein that acts as both a potent nucleotide exchange factor to regulate activity of the foldase Hsp70, and as a passive chaperone capable of recognizing and binding cellular substrates on its own, and its integration into the proteostasis network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Unekwu M Yakubu
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,MD Anderson UT Health Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kevin A Morano
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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21
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Chamera T, Kłosowska A, Janta A, Wyszkowski H, Obuchowski I, Gumowski K, Liberek K. Selective Hsp70-Dependent Docking of Hsp104 to Protein Aggregates Protects the Cell from the Toxicity of the Disaggregase. J Mol Biol 2019; 431:2180-2196. [PMID: 31026451 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Hsp104 is a yeast chaperone that rescues misfolded proteins from aggregates associated with proteotoxic stress and aging. Hsp104 consists of N-terminal domain, regulatory M-domain and two ATPase domains, assembled into a spiral-shaped hexamer. Protein disaggregation involves polypeptide extraction from an aggregate and its translocation through the central channel. This process relies on Hsp104 cooperation with the Hsp70 chaperone, which also plays important role in regulation of the disaggregase. Although Hsp104 protein-unfolding activity enables cells to survive stress, when uncontrolled, it becomes toxic to the cell. In this work, we investigated the significance of the interaction between Hsp70 and the M-domain of Hsp104 for functioning of the disaggregation system. We identified phenylalanine at position 508 in Hsp104 to be the key site of interaction with Hsp70. Disruption of this site makes Hsp104 unable to bind protein aggregates and to confer tolerance in yeast cells. The use of this Hsp104 variant demonstrates that Hsp70 allows successful initiation of disaggregation only as long as it is able to interact with the disaggregase. As reported previously, this interaction causes release of the M-domain-driven repression of Hsp104. Now we reveal that, apart from this allosteric effect, the interaction between the chaperone partners itself contributes to effective initiation of disaggregation and plays important role in cell protection against Hsp104-induced toxicity. Interaction with Hsp70 shifts Hsp104 substrate specificity from non-aggregated, disordered substrates toward protein aggregates. Accordingly, Hsp70-mediated sequestering of the Hsp104 unfoldase in aggregates makes it less toxic and more productive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Chamera
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology UG-MUG, University of Gdańsk, Abrahama 58, 80-307 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kłosowska
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology UG-MUG, University of Gdańsk, Abrahama 58, 80-307 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Anna Janta
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology UG-MUG, University of Gdańsk, Abrahama 58, 80-307 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Hubert Wyszkowski
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology UG-MUG, University of Gdańsk, Abrahama 58, 80-307 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Igor Obuchowski
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology UG-MUG, University of Gdańsk, Abrahama 58, 80-307 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Gumowski
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology UG-MUG, University of Gdańsk, Abrahama 58, 80-307 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Liberek
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology UG-MUG, University of Gdańsk, Abrahama 58, 80-307 Gdańsk, Poland.
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22
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Regulation of Human Hsc70 ATPase and Chaperone Activities by Apg2: Role of the Acidic Subdomain. J Mol Biol 2018; 431:444-461. [PMID: 30521813 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2018.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Protein aggregate reactivation in metazoans is accomplished by the combined activity of Hsp70, Hsp40 and Hsp110 chaperones. Hsp110s support the refolding of aggregated polypeptides acting as specialized nucleotide exchange factors of Hsp70. We have studied how Apg2, one of the three human Hsp110s, regulates the activity of Hsc70 (HspA8), the constitutive Hsp70 in our cells. Apg2 shows a biphasic behavior: at low concentration, it stimulates the ATPase cycle of Hsc70, binding of the chaperone to protein aggregates and the refolding activity of the system, while it inhibits these three processes at high concentration. When the acidic subdomain of Apg2, a characteristic sequence present in the substrate binding domain of all Hsp110s, is deleted, the detrimental effects occur at lower concentration and are more pronounced, which concurs with an increase in the affinity of the Apg2 mutant for Hsc70. Our data support a mechanism in which Apg2 arrests the chaperone cycle through an interaction with Hsc70(ATP) that might lead to premature ATP dissociation before hydrolysis. In this line, the acidic subdomain might serve as a conformational switch to support dissociation of the Hsc70:Apg2 complex.
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23
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Batista FA, Dores-Silva PR, Borges JC. Molecular Chaperones Involved in Protein Recovery from Aggregates are Present in Protozoa Causative of Malaria and Leishmaniasis. CURR PROTEOMICS 2018. [DOI: 10.2174/1570164615666180626123823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Molecular chaperones have several critical functions in protein metabolism. Among them,
some are involved in processes that culminate in the extraction of entangled polypeptides from protein
aggregates, releasing unfolded structures prone to be refolded or directed to degradation. This action
avoids the effect of toxic aggregates on cells and tissues. Molecular chaperones belonging to the
Hsp100 family are widely distributed from unicellular and sessile organisms up to fungi and plants,
exerting key functions related to the reduction of the effects caused by different forms of stress. The
Hsp100 proteins belong to the AAA+ (ATPases Associated with diverse cellular Activities) family and
form multichaperone systems with Hsp70 and small Hsp chaperones families. However, Hsp100 are
absent in metazoan, where protein disaggregation action is performed by a system involving the Hsp70
family, including Hsp110 and J-protein co-chaperones. Here, the structural and functional aspects of
these protein disaggregation systems will be reviewed and discussed in the perspective of the Hsp100
system absent in the metazoan kingdom. This feature focuses on Hsp100 as a hot spot for drug discovery
against human infectious diseases such as leishmaniasis and malaria, as Hsp100 is critical for microorganisms.
The current data available for Hsp100 in Leishmania spp. and Plasmodium spp. are also
reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda A.H. Batista
- Instituto de Quimica de Sao Carlos, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo R. Dores-Silva
- Instituto de Quimica de Sao Carlos, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Júlio C. Borges
- Instituto de Quimica de Sao Carlos, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil
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24
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Pagare PP, Wang H, Wang XY, Zhang Y. Understanding the role of glucose regulated protein 170 (GRP170) as a nucleotide exchange factor through molecular simulations. J Mol Graph Model 2018; 85:160-170. [PMID: 30205291 PMCID: PMC6197907 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Glucose Regulated Protein 170 (GRP170), also called Oxygen Regulated Protein 150 (ORP150), is a major molecular chaperone resident in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). It belongs to the heat shock protein (HSP70) super family and can be induced by conditions such as hypoxia, ischemia and interferences in calcium homeostasis. It was recently reported that GRP170 may act as a nucleotide exchange factor (NEF) for GRP78 or binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP), and the ER canonical HSP70. However, little is known about the mechanism underlying its NEF activity. In this study, two homology models of GRP170 were constructed based on the X-ray crystal structures of ADP and ATP bound HSP110, a cytosolic homolog of GRP170, in order to characterize the differences in the binding modes of both ligands. It was observed that the differences in the binding modes of ADP and ATP led to a conformation change in the substrate binding domain which could potentially influence the binding of its substrates such as BiP. Our findings help understand the effect of nucleotide binding on the function of this chaperone protein as a NEF as well as the structural differences between GRP170 and its family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyusha P Pagare
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, 800 East Leigh Street, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Huiqun Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, 800 East Leigh Street, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Xiang-Yang Wang
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA; Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA; Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, 800 East Leigh Street, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA; Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA.
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25
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Abstract
The ATPase cycle of Hsp70 chaperones controls their transient association with substrates and thus governs their function in protein folding. Nucleotide exchange factors (NEFs) accelerate ADP release from Hsp70, which results in rebinding of ATP and release of the substrate, thereby regulating the lifetime of the Hsp70-substrate complex. This chapter describes several methods suitable to study NEFs of Hsp70 chaperones. On the one hand, steady-state ATPase assays provide information on how the NEF influences progression of the Hsp70 through the entire ATPase cycle. On the other hand, nucleotide release can be measured directly using labeled nucleotides, which enables identification and further characterization of NEFs.
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26
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Berardinelli GN, Scapulatempo-Neto C, Durães R, Antônio de Oliveira M, Guimarães D, Reis RM. Advantage of HSP110 (T17) marker inclusion for microsatellite instability (MSI) detection in colorectal cancer patients. Oncotarget 2018; 9:28691-28701. [PMID: 29983889 PMCID: PMC6033349 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Microsatellite instability (MSI) is a genetic pathway leading to CRC, associated with particular clinicopathological features, and recently a major biomarker of immunotherapy response. There is little information the frequency MSI among Brazilian CRC patients, and it is still debatable the ideal methodology for MSI screening in countries with limited resources. We proposed to evaluate MSI by molecular and immunohistochemistry (IHC) methods, to compare both methodologies and also to assess the inclusion of a novel microsatellite marker, HSP110 (T17). The molecular MSI evaluation was performed using a PCR-multiplex panel in a total of 1013 CRC patients. Mismatch repair (MMR) proteins (MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 and PMS2) expression were evaluated by IHC. HSP110 (T17) marker was analyzed by fragment analysis. Molecularly, 89.5% of cases were MSI-negative and 10.5% were MSI-positive. The IHC showed that 88.9% of cases exhibited MMR-proficient status, 10.2% were MMR-deficient and 0.9% was inconclusive. Genotyping of the HSP110 (T17) in 106 MSI-positive and 215 MSI-negative cases showed its alteration only among the MSI-positive cases. We observed agreement (0.956, Kappa Test) between both molecular and IHC methodologies, with only eight discordant results, and in this subset of cases the HSP110 (T17) corroborate the molecular findings. This study suggests the use of molecular assays over IHC for MSI analysis and proposes the inclusion HSP110 (T17) marker as a complementary analysis in discordant cases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ronílson Durães
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Oncology, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Jales, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Denise Guimarães
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Endoscopy, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rui Manuel Reis
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, São Paulo, Brazil.,Life and Health sciences Research Institute, University of Minho, Gualtar Campus, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Gualtar Campus, Braga, Portugal
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27
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Taylor IR, Dunyak BM, Komiyama T, Shao H, Ran X, Assimon VA, Kalyanaraman C, Rauch JN, Jacobson MP, Zuiderweg ERP, Gestwicki JE. High-throughput screen for inhibitors of protein-protein interactions in a reconstituted heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) complex. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:4014-4025. [PMID: 29414793 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.001575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) are an important category of putative drug targets. Improvements in high-throughput screening (HTS) have significantly accelerated the discovery of inhibitors for some categories of PPIs. However, methods suitable for screening multiprotein complexes (e.g. those composed of three or more different components) have been slower to emerge. Here, we explored an approach that uses reconstituted multiprotein complexes (RMPCs). As a model system, we chose heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70), which is an ATP-dependent molecular chaperone that interacts with co-chaperones, including DnaJA2 and BAG2. The PPIs between Hsp70 and its co-chaperones stimulate nucleotide cycling. Thus, to re-create this ternary protein system, we combined purified human Hsp70 with DnaJA2 and BAG2 and then screened 100,000 diverse compounds for those that inhibited co-chaperone-stimulated ATPase activity. This HTS campaign yielded two compounds with promising inhibitory activity. Interestingly, one inhibited the PPI between Hsp70 and DnaJA2, whereas the other seemed to inhibit the Hsp70-BAG2 complex. Using secondary assays, we found that both compounds inhibited the PPIs through binding to allosteric sites on Hsp70, but neither affected Hsp70's intrinsic ATPase activity. Our RMPC approach expands the toolbox of biochemical HTS methods available for studying difficult-to-target PPIs in multiprotein complexes. The results may also provide a starting point for new chemical probes of the Hsp70 system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle R Taylor
- From the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158 and
| | - Bryan M Dunyak
- From the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158 and
| | - Tomoko Komiyama
- the Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Hao Shao
- From the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158 and
| | - Xu Ran
- From the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158 and
| | - Victoria A Assimon
- From the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158 and
| | - Chakrapani Kalyanaraman
- From the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158 and
| | - Jennifer N Rauch
- From the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158 and
| | - Matthew P Jacobson
- From the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158 and
| | - Erik R P Zuiderweg
- the Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Jason E Gestwicki
- From the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158 and
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28
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Kandasamy G, Andréasson C. Hsp70-Hsp110 chaperones deliver ubiquitin dependent and independent substrates to the 26S proteasome for proteolysis. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.210948. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.210948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In protein quality control, proteotoxic misfolded proteins are recognized by molecular chaperones, ubiquitylated by dedicated quality-control ligases and delivered to 26S proteasome for degradation. The chaperone Hsp70 and its nucleotide exchange factor Hsp110 functions in the degradation of misfolded proteins by the ubiquitin-proteasome system via poorly understood mechanisms. Here we report that yeast Hsp110 (Sse1 and Sse2) functions in the degradation of Hsp70-associated ubiquitin conjugates at the post-ubiquitylation step and is required for the proteasomal degradation of ubiquitin-independent substrates. Hsp110 associates with the 19S regulatory particle of the 26S proteasome and interacts with Hsp70 to facilitate the delivery of Hsp70 substrates for proteasomal degradation. Using a highly defined ubiquitin-independent proteasome substrate we show that the mere introduction of a single Hsp70-binding site renders its degradation dependent on Hsp110. The findings define a dedicated and chaperone-dependent pathway for the efficient shuttling of cellular proteins to the proteasome with profound implications for understanding protein quality control and cellular stress management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganapathi Kandasamy
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Sweden
| | - Claes Andréasson
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Sweden
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29
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Nucleotide exchange factors Fes1 and HspBP1 mimic substrate to release misfolded proteins from Hsp70. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2018; 25:83-89. [PMID: 29323280 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-017-0008-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Protein quality control depends on the tight regulation of interactions between molecular chaperones and polypeptide substrates. Substrate release from the chaperone Hsp70 is triggered by nucleotide-exchange factors (NEFs) that control folding and degradation fates via poorly understood mechanisms. We found that the armadillo-type NEFs budding yeast Fes1 and its human homolog HspBP1 employ flexible N-terminal release domains (RDs) with substrate-mimicking properties to ensure the efficient release of persistent substrates from Hsp70. The RD contacts the substrate-binding domain of the chaperone, competes with peptide substrate for binding and is essential for proper function in yeast and mammalian cells. Thus, the armadillo domain engages Hsp70 to trigger nucleotide exchange, whereas the RD safeguards the release of substrates. Our findings provide fundamental mechanistic insight into the functional specialization of Hsp70 NEFs and have implications for the understanding of proteostasis-related disorders, including Marinesco-Sjögren syndrome.
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30
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Garcia VM, Nillegoda NB, Bukau B, Morano KA. Substrate binding by the yeast Hsp110 nucleotide exchange factor and molecular chaperone Sse1 is not obligate for its biological activities. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 28:2066-2075. [PMID: 28539411 PMCID: PMC5509420 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e17-01-0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The highly conserved heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) is a ubiquitous molecular chaperone essential for maintaining cellular protein homeostasis. The related protein Hsp110 (Sse1/Sse2 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae) functions as a nucleotide exchange factor (NEF) to regulate the protein folding activity of Hsp70. Hsp110/Sse1 also can prevent protein aggregation in vitro via its substrate-binding domain (SBD), but the cellular roles of this "holdase" activity are poorly defined. We generated and characterized an Sse1 mutant that separates, for the first time, its nucleotide exchange and substrate-binding functions. Sse1sbd retains nucleotide-binding and nucleotide exchange activities while exhibiting severe deficiencies in chaperone holdase activity for unfolded polypeptides. In contrast, we observed no effect of the SBD mutation in reconstituted disaggregation or refolding reactions in vitro. In vivo, Sse1sbd successfully heterodimerized with the yeast cytosolic Hsp70s Ssa and Ssb and promoted normal growth, with the exception of sensitivity to prolonged heat but not other proteotoxic stress. Moreover, Sse1sbd was fully competent to support Hsp90-dependent signaling through heterologously expressed glucocorticoid receptor and degradation of a permanently misfolded protein, two previously defined roles for Sse1. We conclude that despite conservation among eukaryotic homologues, chaperone holdase activity is not an obligate function in the Hsp110 family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica M Garcia
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX 77030.,MD Anderson UT Health Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Nadinath B Nillegoda
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University and German Cancer Research Center, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bernd Bukau
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University and German Cancer Research Center, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kevin A Morano
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX 77030
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31
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Coordinated Hsp110 and Hsp104 Activities Power Protein Disaggregation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Cell Biol 2017; 37:MCB.00027-17. [PMID: 28289075 PMCID: PMC5440654 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00027-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein aggregation is intimately associated with cellular stress and is accelerated during aging, disease, and cellular dysfunction. Yeast cells rely on the ATP-consuming chaperone Hsp104 to disaggregate proteins together with Hsp70. Hsp110s are ancient and abundant chaperones that form complexes with Hsp70. Here we provide in vivo data showing that the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Hsp110s Sse1 and Sse2 are essential for Hsp104-dependent protein disaggregation. Following heat shock, complexes of Hsp110 and Hsp70 are recruited to protein aggregates and function together with Hsp104 in the disaggregation process. In the absence of Hsp110, targeting of Hsp70 and Hsp104 to the aggregates is impaired, and the residual Hsp104 that still reaches the aggregates fails to disaggregate. Thus, coordinated activities of both Hsp104 and Hsp110 are required to reactivate aggregated proteins. These findings have important implications for the understanding of how eukaryotic cells manage misfolded and amyloid proteins.
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32
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Stetz G, Verkhivker GM. Computational Analysis of Residue Interaction Networks and Coevolutionary Relationships in the Hsp70 Chaperones: A Community-Hopping Model of Allosteric Regulation and Communication. PLoS Comput Biol 2017; 13:e1005299. [PMID: 28095400 PMCID: PMC5240922 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Allosteric interactions in the Hsp70 proteins are linked with their regulatory mechanisms and cellular functions. Despite significant progress in structural and functional characterization of the Hsp70 proteins fundamental questions concerning modularity of the allosteric interaction networks and hierarchy of signaling pathways in the Hsp70 chaperones remained largely unexplored and poorly understood. In this work, we proposed an integrated computational strategy that combined atomistic and coarse-grained simulations with coevolutionary analysis and network modeling of the residue interactions. A novel aspect of this work is the incorporation of dynamic residue correlations and coevolutionary residue dependencies in the construction of allosteric interaction networks and signaling pathways. We found that functional sites involved in allosteric regulation of Hsp70 may be characterized by structural stability, proximity to global hinge centers and local structural environment that is enriched by highly coevolving flexible residues. These specific characteristics may be necessary for regulation of allosteric structural transitions and could distinguish regulatory sites from nonfunctional conserved residues. The observed confluence of dynamics correlations and coevolutionary residue couplings with global networking features may determine modular organization of allosteric interactions and dictate localization of key mediating sites. Community analysis of the residue interaction networks revealed that concerted rearrangements of local interacting modules at the inter-domain interface may be responsible for global structural changes and a population shift in the DnaK chaperone. The inter-domain communities in the Hsp70 structures harbor the majority of regulatory residues involved in allosteric signaling, suggesting that these sites could be integral to the network organization and coordination of structural changes. Using a network-based formalism of allostery, we introduced a community-hopping model of allosteric communication. Atomistic reconstruction of signaling pathways in the DnaK structures captured a direction-specific mechanism and molecular details of signal transmission that are fully consistent with the mutagenesis experiments. The results of our study reconciled structural and functional experiments from a network-centric perspective by showing that global properties of the residue interaction networks and coevolutionary signatures may be linked with specificity and diversity of allosteric regulation mechanisms. The diversity of allosteric mechanisms in the Hsp70 proteins could range from modulation of the inter-domain interactions and conformational dynamics to fine-tuning of the Hsp70 interactions with co-chaperones. The goal of this study is to present a systematic computational analysis of the dynamic and evolutionary factors underlying allosteric structural transformations of the Hsp70 proteins. We investigated the relationship between functional dynamics, residue coevolution, and network organization of residue interactions in the Hsp70 proteins. The results of this study revealed that conformational dynamics of the Hsp70 proteins may be linked with coevolutionary propensities and mutual information dependencies of the protein residues. Modularity and connectivity of allosteric interactions in the Hsp70 chaperones are coordinated by stable functional sites that feature unique coevolutionary signatures and high network centrality. The emergence of the inter-domain communities that are coordinated by functional centers and include highly coevolving residues could facilitate structural transitions through cooperative reorganization of the local interacting modules. We determined that the differences in the modularity of the residue interactions and organization of coevolutionary networks in DnaK may be associated with variations in their allosteric mechanisms. The network signatures of the DnaK structures are characteristic of a population-shift allostery that allows for coordinated structural rearrangements of local communities. A dislocation of mediating centers and insufficient coevolutionary coupling between functional regions may render a reduced cooperativity and promote a limited entropy-driven allostery in the Sse1 chaperone that occurs without structural changes. The results of this study showed that a network-centric framework and a community-hopping model of allosteric communication pathways may provide novel insights into molecular and evolutionary principles of allosteric regulation in the Hsp70 proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Stetz
- Graduate Program in Computational and Data Sciences, Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, Orange, California, United States of America
| | - Gennady M. Verkhivker
- Graduate Program in Computational and Data Sciences, Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, Orange, California, United States of America
- Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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33
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Ungelenk S, Moayed F, Ho CT, Grousl T, Scharf A, Mashaghi A, Tans S, Mayer MP, Mogk A, Bukau B. Small heat shock proteins sequester misfolding proteins in near-native conformation for cellular protection and efficient refolding. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13673. [PMID: 27901028 PMCID: PMC5141385 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Small heat shock proteins (sHsp) constitute an evolutionary conserved yet diverse family of chaperones acting as first line of defence against proteotoxic stress. sHsps coaggregate with misfolded proteins but the molecular basis and functional implications of these interactions, as well as potential sHsp specific differences, are poorly explored. In a comparative analysis of the two yeast sHsps, Hsp26 and Hsp42, we show in vitro that model substrates retain near-native state and are kept physically separated when complexed with either sHsp, while being completely unfolded when aggregated without sHsps. Hsp42 acts as aggregase to promote protein aggregation and specifically ensures cellular fitness during heat stress. Hsp26 in contrast lacks aggregase function but is superior in facilitating Hsp70/Hsp100-dependent post-stress refolding. Our findings indicate the sHsps of a cell functionally diversify in stress defence, but share the working principle to promote sequestration of misfolding proteins for storage in native-like conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Ungelenk
- Center for Molecular Biology of the University of Heidelberg (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Im Neuenheimer Feld 282, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany
| | - Fatemeh Moayed
- FOM Institute for Atomic and Molecular Physics (AMOLF), Science Park 104, Amsterdam 1098 XG, The Netherlands
| | - Chi-Ting Ho
- Center for Molecular Biology of the University of Heidelberg (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Im Neuenheimer Feld 282, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany
| | - Tomas Grousl
- Center for Molecular Biology of the University of Heidelberg (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Im Neuenheimer Feld 282, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany
| | - Annette Scharf
- Center for Molecular Biology of the University of Heidelberg (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Im Neuenheimer Feld 282, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany
| | - Alireza Mashaghi
- FOM Institute for Atomic and Molecular Physics (AMOLF), Science Park 104, Amsterdam 1098 XG, The Netherlands
| | - Sander Tans
- FOM Institute for Atomic and Molecular Physics (AMOLF), Science Park 104, Amsterdam 1098 XG, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias P Mayer
- Center for Molecular Biology of the University of Heidelberg (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Im Neuenheimer Feld 282, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany
| | - Axel Mogk
- Center for Molecular Biology of the University of Heidelberg (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Im Neuenheimer Feld 282, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany
| | - Bernd Bukau
- Center for Molecular Biology of the University of Heidelberg (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Im Neuenheimer Feld 282, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg D-69120, Germany
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34
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Kłosowska A, Chamera T, Liberek K. Adenosine diphosphate restricts the protein remodeling activity of the Hsp104 chaperone to Hsp70 assisted disaggregation. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 27223323 PMCID: PMC4927293 DOI: 10.7554/elife.15159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Hsp104 disaggregase provides thermotolerance in yeast by recovering proteins from aggregates in cooperation with the Hsp70 chaperone. Protein disaggregation involves polypeptide extraction from aggregates and its translocation through the central channel of the Hsp104 hexamer. This process relies on adenosine triphosphate (ATP) hydrolysis. Considering that Hsp104 is characterized by low affinity towards ATP and is strongly inhibited by adenosine diphosphate (ADP), we asked how Hsp104 functions at the physiological levels of adenine nucleotides. We demonstrate that physiological levels of ADP highly limit Hsp104 activity. This inhibition, however, is moderated by the Hsp70 chaperone, which allows efficient disaggregation by supporting Hsp104 binding to aggregates but not to non-aggregated, disordered protein substrates. Our results point to an additional level of Hsp104 regulation by Hsp70, which restricts the potentially toxic protein unfolding activity of Hsp104 to the disaggregation process, providing the yeast protein-recovery system with substrate specificity and efficiency in ATP consumption. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.15159.001 Under stressful conditions, such as high temperatures, many proteins lose their proper structure and clump together to form large irregular aggregates. To combat this effect, living organisms exposed to stress produce specialized proteins called chaperones, which can rescue the damaged proteins from aggregates. Studies into this “disaggregation” process often use budding yeast as a model organism. The protein-recovery machinery in this yeast is composed of a ring-shaped enzyme called Hsp104, together with a chaperone called Hsp70 and its partner Hsp40. The Hsp104 enzyme converts molecules of ATP into ADP and uses the energy released from the reaction to move, or “translocate”, damaged proteins through its central channel and release them from the aggregates. Previous studies had reported that ADP negatively affects Hsp104. Now, Kłosowska et al show that Hsp104 is almost inactive in a test-tube if the concentration of ADP is as high as that found inside a cell. This raises a question: how can Hsp104 efficiently remove proteins from aggregates in cells if the conditions are so unfavorable? Using purified proteins, Kłosowska et al. go on to show that Hsp104 is able to tolerate the level of ADP found inside cells thanks to the Hsp70 chaperone. The experiments show that ADP weakens Hsp104’s ability to bind proteins while Hsp70 supports this ability and counteracts the negative effect of ADP. Further experiments demonstrate that Hsp104 is less affected by ADP, and binds more readily to ATP, when it is translocating proteins. These findings explain how the yeast disaggregating machinery can work even at relatively high concentrations of ADP, and reveal a new control mechanism in the disaggregation process. Many important proteins have poorly organized fragments that can be recognized by Hsp104, and if Hsp104 was to bind to and translocate these proteins it could harm the cell. The findings of Kłosowska et al. suggest that Hsp70 helps Hsp104 to specifically bind to and act upon proteins in aggregates, while binding to partly unstructured proteins is limited by the high ADP concentration. Further studies are now needed to understand how the protein-recovery machinery can discriminate between aggregated and non-aggregated proteins. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.15159.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Kłosowska
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and the Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Tomasz Chamera
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and the Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Liberek
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and the Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
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35
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Zininga T, Achilonu I, Hoppe H, Prinsloo E, Dirr HW, Shonhai A. Plasmodium falciparum Hsp70-z, an Hsp110 homologue, exhibits independent chaperone activity and interacts with Hsp70-1 in a nucleotide-dependent fashion. Cell Stress Chaperones 2016; 21:499-513. [PMID: 26894764 PMCID: PMC4837182 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-016-0678-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of molecular chaperones, among them heat shock proteins (Hsps), in the development of malaria parasites has been well documented. Hsp70s are molecular chaperones that facilitate protein folding. Hsp70 proteins are composed of an N-terminal nucleotide binding domain (NBD), which confers them with ATPase activity and a C-terminal substrate binding domain (SBD). In the ADP-bound state, Hsp70 possesses high affinity for substrate and releases the folded substrate when it is bound to ATP. The two domains are connected by a conserved linker segment. Hsp110 proteins possess an extended lid segment, a feature that distinguishes them from canonical Hsp70s. Plasmodium falciparum Hsp70-z (PfHsp70-z) is a member of the Hsp110 family of Hsp70-like proteins. PfHsp70-z is essential for survival of malaria parasites and is thought to play an important role as a molecular chaperone and nucleotide exchange factor of its cytosolic canonical Hsp70 counterpart, PfHsp70-1. Unlike PfHsp70-1 whose functions are fairly well established, the structure-function features of PfHsp70-z remain to be fully elucidated. In the current study, we established that PfHsp70-z possesses independent chaperone activity. In fact, PfHsp70-z appears to be marginally more effective in suppressing protein aggregation than its cytosol-localized partner, PfHsp70-1. Furthermore, based on coimmunoaffinity chromatography and surface plasmon resonance analyses, PfHsp70-z associated with PfHsp70-1 in a nucleotide-dependent fashion. Our findings suggest that besides serving as a molecular chaperone, PfHsp70-z could facilitate the nucleotide exchange function of PfHsp70-1. These dual functions explain why it is essential for parasite survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tawanda Zininga
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Venda, Private Bag X5050, Thohoyandou, 0950, South Africa
| | - Ikechukwu Achilonu
- Protein Structure-Function Research Unit, School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa
| | - Heinrich Hoppe
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa
| | - Earl Prinsloo
- Biotechnology Innovation Centre, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa
| | - Heini W Dirr
- Protein Structure-Function Research Unit, School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa
| | - Addmore Shonhai
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Venda, Private Bag X5050, Thohoyandou, 0950, South Africa.
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36
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Zuo D, Subjeck J, Wang XY. Unfolding the Role of Large Heat Shock Proteins: New Insights and Therapeutic Implications. Front Immunol 2016; 7:75. [PMID: 26973652 PMCID: PMC4771732 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) of eukaryotes are evolutionarily conserved molecules present in all the major intracellular organelles. They mainly function as molecular chaperones and participate in maintenance of protein homeostasis in physiological state and under stressful conditions. Despite their relative abundance, the large HSPs, i.e., Hsp110 and glucose-regulated protein 170 (Grp170), have received less attention compared to other conventional HSPs. These proteins are distantly related to the Hsp70 and belong to Hsp70 superfamily. Increased sizes of Hsp110 and Grp170, due to the presence of a loop structure, result in their exceptional capability in binding to polypeptide substrates or non-protein ligands, such as pathogen-associated molecules. These interactions that occur in the extracellular environment during tissue injury or microbial infection may lead to amplification of an immune response engaging both innate and adaptive immune components. Here, we review the current advances in understanding these large HSPs as molecular chaperones in proteostasis control and immune modulation as well as their therapeutic implications in treatment of cancer and neurodegeneration. Given their unique immunoregulatory activities, we also discuss the emerging evidence of their potential involvement in inflammatory and immune-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daming Zuo
- Department of Immunology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - John Subjeck
- Department of Cellular Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute , Buffalo, NY , USA
| | - Xiang-Yang Wang
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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Gowda NKC, Kaimal JM, Masser AE, Kang W, Friedländer MR, Andréasson C. Cytosolic splice isoform of Hsp70 nucleotide exchange factor Fes1 is required for the degradation of misfolded proteins in yeast. Mol Biol Cell 2016; 27:1210-9. [PMID: 26912797 PMCID: PMC4831876 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e15-10-0697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Yeast Hsp70 nucleotide exchange factor Fes1 is expressed by rare alternative splicing as two isoforms. Fes1L is targeted to the nucleus, and Fes1S localizes to the cytosol and is required for the efficient proteasomal degradation of cytosolic misfolded proteins, as well as of species that are imported into the nucleus for degradation. Cells maintain proteostasis by selectively recognizing and targeting misfolded proteins for degradation. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the Hsp70 nucleotide exchange factor Fes1 is essential for the degradation of chaperone-associated misfolded proteins by the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Here we show that the FES1 transcript undergoes unique 3′ alternative splicing that results in two equally active isoforms with alternative C-termini, Fes1L and Fes1S. Fes1L is actively targeted to the nucleus and represents the first identified nuclear Hsp70 nucleotide exchange factor. In contrast, Fes1S localizes to the cytosol and is essential to maintain proteostasis. In the absence of Fes1S, the heat-shock response is constitutively induced at normally nonstressful conditions. Moreover, cells display severe growth defects when elevated temperatures, amino acid analogues, or the ectopic expression of misfolded proteins, induce protein misfolding. Importantly, misfolded proteins are not targeted for degradation by the ubiquitin-proteasome system. These observations support the notion that cytosolic Fes1S maintains proteostasis by supporting the removal of toxic misfolded proteins by proteasomal degradation. This study provides key findings for the understanding of the organization of protein quality control mechanisms in the cytosol and nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anna E Masser
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Stockholm University, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wenjing Kang
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marc R Friedländer
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Claes Andréasson
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Stockholm University, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
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Dancing through Life: Molecular Dynamics Simulations and Network-Centric Modeling of Allosteric Mechanisms in Hsp70 and Hsp110 Chaperone Proteins. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143752. [PMID: 26619280 PMCID: PMC4664246 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hsp70 and Hsp110 chaperones play an important role in regulating cellular processes that involve protein folding and stabilization, which are essential for the integrity of signaling networks. Although many aspects of allosteric regulatory mechanisms in Hsp70 and Hsp110 chaperones have been extensively studied and significantly advanced in recent experimental studies, the atomistic picture of signal propagation and energetics of dynamics-based communication still remain unresolved. In this work, we have combined molecular dynamics simulations and protein stability analysis of the chaperone structures with the network modeling of residue interaction networks to characterize molecular determinants of allosteric mechanisms. We have shown that allosteric mechanisms of Hsp70 and Hsp110 chaperones may be primarily determined by nucleotide-induced redistribution of local conformational ensembles in the inter-domain regions and the substrate binding domain. Conformational dynamics and energetics of the peptide substrate binding with the Hsp70 structures has been analyzed using free energy calculations, revealing allosteric hotspots that control negative cooperativity between regulatory sites. The results have indicated that cooperative interactions may promote a population-shift mechanism in Hsp70, in which functional residues are organized in a broad and robust allosteric network that can link the nucleotide-binding site and the substrate-binding regions. A smaller allosteric network in Hsp110 structures may elicit an entropy-driven allostery that occurs in the absence of global structural changes. We have found that global mediating residues with high network centrality may be organized in stable local communities that are indispensable for structural stability and efficient allosteric communications. The network-centric analysis of allosteric interactions has also established that centrality of functional residues could correlate with their sensitivity to mutations across diverse chaperone functions. This study reconciles a wide spectrum of structural and functional experiments by demonstrating how integration of molecular simulations and network-centric modeling may explain thermodynamic and mechanistic aspects of allosteric regulation in chaperones.
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Nillegoda NB, Bukau B. Metazoan Hsp70-based protein disaggregases: emergence and mechanisms. Front Mol Biosci 2015; 2:57. [PMID: 26501065 PMCID: PMC4598581 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2015.00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteotoxic stresses and aging cause breakdown of cellular protein homeostasis, allowing misfolded proteins to form aggregates, which dedicated molecular machines have evolved to solubilize. In bacteria, fungi, protozoa and plants protein disaggregation involves an Hsp70•J-protein chaperone system, which loads and activates a powerful AAA+ ATPase (Hsp100) disaggregase onto protein aggregate substrates. Metazoans lack cytosolic and nuclear Hsp100 disaggregases but still eliminate protein aggregates. This longstanding puzzle of protein quality control is now resolved. Robust protein disaggregation activity recently shown for the metazoan Hsp70-based disaggregases relies instead on a crucial cooperation between two J-protein classes and interaction with the Hsp110 co-chaperone. An expanding multiplicity of Hsp70 and J-protein family members in metazoan cells facilitates different configurations of this Hsp70-based disaggregase allowing unprecedented versatility and specificity in protein disaggregation. Here we review the architecture, operation, and adaptability of the emerging metazoan disaggregation system and discuss how this evolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadinath B Nillegoda
- Center for Molecular Biology (ZMBH) of the University of Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bernd Bukau
- Center for Molecular Biology (ZMBH) of the University of Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance Heidelberg, Germany
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40
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Nillegoda NB, Bukau B. Metazoan Hsp70-based protein disaggregases: emergence and mechanisms. Front Mol Biosci 2015; 2:57. [PMID: 26501065 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2015.00057/bibtex] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteotoxic stresses and aging cause breakdown of cellular protein homeostasis, allowing misfolded proteins to form aggregates, which dedicated molecular machines have evolved to solubilize. In bacteria, fungi, protozoa and plants protein disaggregation involves an Hsp70•J-protein chaperone system, which loads and activates a powerful AAA+ ATPase (Hsp100) disaggregase onto protein aggregate substrates. Metazoans lack cytosolic and nuclear Hsp100 disaggregases but still eliminate protein aggregates. This longstanding puzzle of protein quality control is now resolved. Robust protein disaggregation activity recently shown for the metazoan Hsp70-based disaggregases relies instead on a crucial cooperation between two J-protein classes and interaction with the Hsp110 co-chaperone. An expanding multiplicity of Hsp70 and J-protein family members in metazoan cells facilitates different configurations of this Hsp70-based disaggregase allowing unprecedented versatility and specificity in protein disaggregation. Here we review the architecture, operation, and adaptability of the emerging metazoan disaggregation system and discuss how this evolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadinath B Nillegoda
- Center for Molecular Biology (ZMBH) of the University of Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bernd Bukau
- Center for Molecular Biology (ZMBH) of the University of Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance Heidelberg, Germany
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41
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Abstract
The Wnt/β-catenin pathway causes accumulation of β-catenin in the cytoplasm and its subsequent translocation into the nucleus to initiate the transcription of the target genes. Without Wnt stimulation, β-catenin forms a complex with axin (axis inhibitor), adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), casein kinase 1α (CK1α), and glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) and undergoes phosphorylation-dependent ubiquitination. Phosphatases, such as protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), interestingly, also are components of this degradation complex; therefore, a balance must be reached between phosphorylation and dephosphorylation. How this balance is regulated is largely unknown. Here we show that a heat shock protein, HSP105, is a previously unidentified component of the β-catenin degradation complex. HSP105 is required for Wnt signaling, since depletion of HSP105 compromises β-catenin accumulation and target gene transcription upon Wnt stimulation. Mechanistically, HSP105 depletion disrupts the integration of PP2A into the β-catenin degradation complex, favoring the hyperphosphorylation and degradation of β-catenin. HSP105 is overexpressed in many types of tumors, correlating with increased nuclear β-catenin protein levels and Wnt target gene upregulation. Furthermore, overexpression of HSP105 is a prognostic biomarker that correlates with poor overall survival in breast cancer patients as well as melanoma patients participating in the BRIM2 clinical study.
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Mutational analysis of Sse1 (Hsp110) suggests an integral role for this chaperone in yeast prion propagation in vivo. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2013; 3:1409-18. [PMID: 23797105 PMCID: PMC3737180 DOI: 10.1534/g3.113.007112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The yeast Hsp110 chaperone Sse1 is a conserved protein that is a noncanonical member of the Hsp70 protein superfamily. Sse1 influences the cellular response to heat stress and has also been implicated in playing a role in the propagation of prions in yeast. Sse1 can seemingly exert its effects in vivo through direct or indirect actions by influencing the nucleotide exchange activity of canonical cytosolic Hsp70s. Using a genetic screen based on the inability to propagate the yeast [PSI(+)] prion, we have identified 13 new Sse1 mutants that are predicted to alter chaperone function through a variety of different mechanisms. Not only are these new Sse1 mutants altered in the ability to propagate and cure yeast prions but also to varying degrees in the ability to grow at elevated temperatures. The expression levels of chaperone proteins known to influence yeast prion propagation are unaltered in the Sse1 mutants, suggesting that the observed phenotypic effects are caused by direct functional alterations in these mutants. Mapping the location of the mutants onto the Sse1 crystal structure suggests that more than one functional alteration in Sse1 may result in changes in prion propagation and ability to function at elevated temperatures. All Sse1 mutants isolated provide essential functions in the cell under normal growth conditions, further demonstrating that essential chaperone functions in vivo can to some degree at least be detached from those related to propagation of prions. Our results suggest that Sse1 can influence prion propagation through a variety of different mechanisms.
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Wang XY, Subjeck JR. High molecular weight stress proteins: Identification, cloning and utilisation in cancer immunotherapy. Int J Hyperthermia 2013; 29:364-75. [PMID: 23829534 DOI: 10.3109/02656736.2013.803607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the large stress/heat shock proteins (HSPs), i.e. Hsp110 and Grp170, were identified over 30 years ago, these abundant and highly conserved molecules have received much less attention compared to other conventional HSPs. Large stress proteins act as molecular chaperones with exceptional protein-holding capability and prevent the aggregation of proteins induced by thermal stress. The chaperoning properties of Hsp110 and Grp170 are integral to the ability of these molecules to modulate immune functions and are essential for developing large chaperone complex vaccines for cancer immunotherapy. The potent anti-tumour activity of the Hsp110/Grp170-tumour protein antigen complexes demonstrated in preclinical studies has led to a phase I clinical trial through the National Cancer Institute's rapid access to intervention development (RAID) programme that is presently underway. Here we review aspects of the structure and function of these large stress proteins, their roles as molecular chaperones in the biology of cell stress, and prospects for their use in immune regulation and cancer immunotherapy. Lastly, we will discuss the recently revealed immunosuppressive activity of scavenger receptor A that binds to Hsp110 and Grp170, as well as the feasibility of targeting this receptor to promote T-cell activation and anti-tumour immunity induced by large HSP vaccines and other immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Yang Wang
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
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Hsp70 nucleotide exchange factor Fes1 is essential for ubiquitin-dependent degradation of misfolded cytosolic proteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:5975-80. [PMID: 23530227 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1216778110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein quality control systems protect cells against the accumulation of toxic misfolded proteins by promoting their selective degradation. Malfunctions of quality control systems are linked to aging and neurodegenerative disease. Folding of polypeptides is facilitated by the association of 70 kDa Heat shock protein (Hsp70) molecular chaperones. If folding cannot be achieved, Hsp70 interacts with ubiquitylation enzymes that promote the proteasomal degradation of the misfolded protein. However, the factors that direct Hsp70 substrates toward the degradation machinery have remained unknown. Here, we identify Fes1, an Hsp70 nucleotide exchange factor of hitherto unclear physiological function, as a cytosolic triaging factor that promotes proteasomal degradation of misfolded proteins. Fes1 selectively interacts with misfolded proteins bound by Hsp70 and triggers their release from the chaperone. In the absence of Fes1, misfolded proteins fail to undergo polyubiquitylation, aggregate, and induce a strong heat shock response. Our findings reveal that Hsp70 direct proteins toward either folding or degradation by using distinct nucleotide exchange factors.
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45
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Makhnevych T, Houry WA. The control of spindle length by Hsp70 and Hsp110 molecular chaperones. FEBS Lett 2013; 587:1067-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2013.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Revised: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Liu ZJ, Lv YJ, Zhang M, Yue ZH, Tang S, Islam A, Rehana B, Bao ED, Hartung J. Hsp110 expression changes in rat primary myocardial cells exposed to heat stress in vitro. GENETICS AND MOLECULAR RESEARCH 2012; 11:4728-38. [PMID: 23315814 DOI: 10.4238/2012.november.29.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
We investigated and described the kinetics of heat shock protein (Hsp) 110 expression and distribution in rat primary myocardial cells exposed to heat stress in vitro. After incubation at 37°C for 72 h, myocardial cells were heat stressed at 42°C for 0, 10, 20, 40, 60, 120, 240, 360, and 480 min. Significant increases in aspartate transaminase, lactate dehydrogenase, and creatine kinase enzymatic activities in the myocardial cell culture media were observed during heat stress, suggesting that the integrity of the myocardial cells was altered. Immunocytochemical analysis revealed that the expressed Hsp110 was constitutively localized in the cytoplasm and in the nuclei in small amounts characterized by a granular pattern. Nuclear Hsp110 levels increased significantly after 240 min of heat stress compared with levels in the control. The overall levels of Hsp110 expression increased significantly after 20 min. After 240 min, Hsp110 levels were approximately 1.2-fold higher than those in the control. Increasing levels of hsp110 messenger RNA detected using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction were observed after 20 min of heat stress, and the levels peaked with a 10-fold increase after 240 min of heat stress. These results indicate that the expression of Hsp110 in primary myocardial cells in vitro is sensitive to hyperthermic stress and that Hsp110 is involved in the potential acquisition of thermotolerance after heat stress. Therefore, Hsp110 might play a fundamental role in opposing and alleviating heat-induced damage caused by hyperthermic stress in primary myocardial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z J Liu
- Animal Pathology Laboratory, Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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47
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Seyffer F, Kummer E, Oguchi Y, Winkler J, Kumar M, Zahn R, Sourjik V, Bukau B, Mogk A. Hsp70 proteins bind Hsp100 regulatory M domains to activate AAA+ disaggregase at aggregate surfaces. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2012; 19:1347-55. [PMID: 23160352 DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.2442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria, fungi and plants rescue aggregated proteins using a powerful bichaperone system composed of an Hsp70 chaperone and an Hsp100 AAA+ disaggregase. In Escherichia coli, the Hsp70 chaperone DnaK binds aggregates and targets the disaggregase ClpB to the substrate. ClpB hexamers use ATP to thread substrate polypeptides through the central pore, driving disaggregation. How ClpB finds DnaK and regulates threading remains unclear. To dissect the disaggregation mechanism, we separated these steps using primarily chimeric ClpB-ClpV constructs that directly recognize alternative substrates, thereby obviating DnaK involvement. We show that ClpB has low intrinsic disaggregation activity that is normally repressed by the ClpB middle (M) domain. In the presence of aggregate, DnaK directly binds M-domain motif 2, increasing ClpB ATPase activity to unleash high ClpB threading power. Our results uncover a new function for Hsp70: the coupling of substrate targeting to AAA+ chaperone activation at aggregate surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Seyffer
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH), Heidelberg, Germany
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48
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Biological insights from hydrogen exchange mass spectrometry. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2012; 1834:1188-201. [PMID: 23117127 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2012.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2012] [Revised: 10/17/2012] [Accepted: 10/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, hydrogen exchange mass spectrometry (HXMS) has achieved the status of a widespread and routine approach in the structural biology toolbox. The ability of hydrogen exchange to detect a range of protein dynamics coupled with the accessibility of mass spectrometry to mixtures and large complexes at low concentrations result in an unmatched tool for investigating proteins challenging to many other structural techniques. Recent advances in methodology and data analysis are helping HXMS deliver on its potential to uncover the connection between conformation, dynamics and the biological function of proteins and complexes. This review provides a brief overview of the HXMS method and focuses on four recent reports to highlight applications that monitor structure and dynamics of proteins and complexes, track protein folding, and map the thermodynamics and kinetics of protein unfolding at equilibrium. These case studies illustrate typical data, analysis and results for each application and demonstrate a range of biological systems for which the interpretation of HXMS in terms of structure and conformational parameters provides unique insights into function. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Mass spectrometry in structural biology.
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49
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Hyung SJ, Ruotolo BT. Integrating mass spectrometry of intact protein complexes into structural proteomics. Proteomics 2012; 12:1547-64. [PMID: 22611037 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201100520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
MS analysis of intact protein complexes has emerged as an established technology for assessing the composition and connectivity within dynamic, heterogeneous multiprotein complexes at low concentrations and in the context of mixtures. As this technology continues to move forward, one of the main challenges is to integrate the information content of such intact protein complex measurements with other MS approaches in structural biology. Methods such as H/D exchange, oxidative foot-printing, chemical cross-linking, affinity purification, and ion mobility separation add complementary information that allows access to every level of protein structure and organization. Here, we survey the structural information that can be retrieved by such experiments, demonstrate the applicability of integrative MS approaches in structural proteomics, and look to the future to explore upcoming innovations in this rapidly advancing area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suk-Joon Hyung
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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50
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Rampelt H, Kirstein-Miles J, Nillegoda NB, Chi K, Scholz SR, Morimoto RI, Bukau B. Metazoan Hsp70 machines use Hsp110 to power protein disaggregation. EMBO J 2012; 31:4221-35. [PMID: 22990239 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2012.264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of aggregation-prone misfolded proteins disrupts normal cellular function and promotes ageing and disease. Bacteria, fungi and plants counteract this by solubilizing and refolding aggregated proteins via a powerful cytosolic ATP-dependent bichaperone system, comprising the AAA+ disaggregase Hsp100 and the Hsp70-Hsp40 system. Metazoa, however, lack Hsp100 disaggregases. We show that instead the Hsp110 member of the Hsp70 superfamily remodels the human Hsp70-Hsp40 system to efficiently disaggregate and refold aggregates of heat and chemically denatured proteins in vitro and in cell extracts. This Hsp110 effect relies on nucleotide exchange, not on ATPase activity, implying ATP-driven chaperoning is not required. Knock-down of nematode Caenorhabditis elegans Hsp110, but not an unrelated nucleotide exchange factor, compromises dissolution of heat-induced protein aggregates and severely shortens lifespan after heat shock. We conclude that in metazoa, Hsp70-Hsp40 powered by Hsp110 nucleotide exchange represents the crucial disaggregation machinery that reestablishes protein homeostasis to counteract protein unfolding stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike Rampelt
- Center for Molecular Biology of the University of Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
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