1
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Du W, Wang Y, Yang J, Chen J. Two rhombic ice phases from aqueous salt solutions under graphene confinement. Phys Rev E 2024; 109:L062103. [PMID: 39020996 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.109.l062103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Water exhibits rich ice phases depending upon its respective formation conditions, and in particular, the two-dimensional ice with nonhexagonal symmetry adsorbed on solids relates to the exceptional arrangement of water molecules. Despite extensive reporting of two-dimensional ice on various solid surfaces, the geometry and thermodynamics of ice formation from an aqueous salt solution are still unknown. In this Letter, we show the formation of single- and two-phase mixed two-dimensional rhombic ice from aqueous salt solutions with different concentrations under strong compressed confinement of graphene at ambient temperature by using classical molecular dynamics simulations and first-principles calculations. The two rhombic ice phases exhibit identical geometry and thermodynamic properties, but different projections of the oxygen atoms against solid surface symmetry, where they relate to the stable and metastable arrangements of water molecules confined between two graphene layers. A single-phase rhombic ice would grow from the confined saturated aqueous solutions since the previously stable rhombic molecular arrangement becomes an unstable high-energy state by introducing salt ions nearby. Our result reveals different rhombic ice phases growing from pure water and aqueous solutions, highlighting the deciding role of salt ions in the ice formation process due to their common presence in liquids.
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2
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He X, Yang DS. Nanoscale Energy Transport Dynamics across Nonbonded Solid-Molecule Interfaces and in Molecular Thin Films. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:11457-11464. [PMID: 38085824 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Thermal conductance across a solid-solid interface requires an atomic- or molecular-level understanding, especially when a system is in a non-equilibrium state and/or consists of nanosized materials with prominent differences in structures, properties, and vibrational behaviors. Here, we report the lattice dynamics of graphite-supported molecular thin films of ethanol, whose layers exhibit in-plane hydrogen-bonded chains and out-of-plane van der Waals stacking with clear structural anisotropy. The direct structure-probing method of ultrafast electron diffraction reveals a surprising temperature difference of more than 400 K at pico- to sub-nanosecond times across the graphite-ethanol interface, yet the temporal behavior signifies a reasonably large thermal boundary conductance. This apparent conflict in a non-equilibrium condition can be resolved by considering the coupling of out-of-plane motions, instead of the commonly used temperature-based model, at transient times for energy transport across the interface separated by van der Waals interactions with mismatched unit sizes and no strong bonds. The importance of spatiotemporally resolved structural dynamics at the atomic or molecular level is emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing He
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Ding-Shyue Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
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3
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Kim S, Sattorov M, Hong D, Kang H, Park J, Lee JH, Ma R, Martin AV, Caleman C, Sellberg JA, Datta PK, Park SY, Park GS. Observing ice structure of micron-sized vapor-deposited ice with an x-ray free-electron laser. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2023; 10:044302. [PMID: 37577135 PMCID: PMC10415018 DOI: 10.1063/4.0000185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
The direct observation of the structure of micrometer-sized vapor-deposited ice is performed at Pohang Accelerator Laboratory x-ray free electron laser (PAL-XFEL). The formation of micrometer-sized ice crystals and their structure is important in various fields, including atmospheric science, cryobiology, and astrophysics, but understanding the structure of micrometer-sized ice crystals remains challenging due to the lack of direct observation. Using intense x-ray diffraction from PAL-XFEL, we could observe the structure of micrometer-sized vapor-deposited ice below 150 K with a thickness of 2-50 μm grown in an ultrahigh vacuum chamber. The structure of the ice grown comprises cubic and hexagonal sequences that are randomly arranged to produce a stacking-disordered ice. We observed that ice with a high cubicity of more than 80% was transformed to partially oriented hexagonal ice when the thickness of the ice deposition grew beyond 5 μm. This suggests that precise temperature control and clean deposition conditions allow μm-thick ice films with high cubicity to be grown on hydrophilic Si3N4 membranes. The low influence of impurities could enable in situ diffraction experiments of ice nucleation and growth from interfacial layers to bulk ice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dongpyo Hong
- Center for Applied Electromagnetic Research, Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, 16229 Suwon, Korea
| | - Heon Kang
- Department of Chemistry, The Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanakro, 08826 Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jaehun Park
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, POSTECH, Pohang 37673, Korea
| | | | - Rory Ma
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, POSTECH, Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Andrew V Martin
- School of Science, College of STEM, RMIT University, 124 La Trobe Street, VIC, 3000 Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Jonas A Sellberg
- Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, S106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Prasanta Kumar Datta
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, 721302 West Bengal, India
| | - Sang Yoon Park
- Center for Applied Electromagnetic Research, Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, 16229 Suwon, Korea
| | - Gun-Sik Park
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
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4
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Souda R, Aizawa T, Nagao T. Influences of 1-Propanol and Methanol Additives on Crystallization of Thin Amorphous Solid Water Films. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:14422-14429. [PMID: 36383433 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c01978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In general, randomly oriented ice crystallites are formed by heating amorphous solid water (ASW) films at ∼160 K via homogeneous nucleation. Here, we demonstrate that monolayers of methanol and 1-propanol additives incorporated in the multilayer ASW film lead to heterogeneous nucleation at the substrate interface of Pt(111), as evidenced by the occurrence of epitaxial ice growth. The mobility of water in direct contact with the Pt(111) substrate is decreased relative to that in the bulk, but it can be increased via interactions with hydrophobic moieties of alcohols that are segregated to the interfacial region. As a result, heterogeneous nucleation occurs at ca. 160 K along with homogeneous nucleation in the film interior. However, the template effect is quenched when the alcohols are in direct contact with the substrate. The methanol adspecies deposited onto the ASW film surface induces heterogeneous nucleation at a temperature as low as 145 K, but the 1-propanol adspecies has no such an effect. Their different ability of heterogeneous nucleation at the free ASW film surface, as well as their uptake behaviors in the near surface region, is associated with the hydrophobic hydration of the alcohols resulting from different lengths of the aliphatic moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryutaro Souda
- Electron Microscopy Analysis Station, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Takashi Aizawa
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Tadaaki Nagao
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
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5
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Non-covalent interactions of graphene surface: Mechanisms and applications. Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2021.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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6
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Zhang L, Arrio MA, Mazerat S, Catala L, Li W, Otero E, Ohresser P, Lisnard L, Cartier Dit Moulin C, Mallah T, Sainctavit P. Magnetic Hysteresis in a Monolayer of Oriented 6 nm CsNiCr Prussian Blue Analogue Nanocrystals. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:16388-16396. [PMID: 34624189 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Prussian blue analogue nanocrystals of the CsINiII[CrIII(CN)6] cubic network with 6 nm size were assembled as a single monolayer on highly organized pyrolytic graphite (HOPG). X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) studies, at the Ni and Cr L2,3 edges, reveal the presence of an easy plane of magnetization evidenced by an opening of the magnetic hysteresis loop (coercive field of ≈200 Oe) when the magnetic field, B, is at 60° relative to the normal to the substrate. The angular dependence of the X-ray natural linear dichroism (XNLD) reveals both an orientation of the nanocrystals on the substrate and an anisotropy of the electronic cloud of the NiII and CrIII coordination sphere species belonging to the nanocrystals' surface. Ligand field multiplet (LFM) calculations that reproduce the experimental data are consistent with an elongated tetragonal distortion of surface NiII coordination sphere responsible for the magnetic behavior of monolayer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luqiong Zhang
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France.,Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie, MNHN, UMR 7590, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Marie-Anne Arrio
- Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie, MNHN, UMR 7590, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Sandra Mazerat
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Laure Catala
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Weibin Li
- Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie, MNHN, UMR 7590, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France.,L'Orme des Merisiers, Synchrotron SOLEIL, 91192 Saint-Aubin, France
| | - Edwige Otero
- L'Orme des Merisiers, Synchrotron SOLEIL, 91192 Saint-Aubin, France
| | | | - Laurent Lisnard
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, IPCM, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France
| | | | - Talal Mallah
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Philippe Sainctavit
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France.,Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie, MNHN, UMR 7590, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France.,L'Orme des Merisiers, Synchrotron SOLEIL, 91192 Saint-Aubin, France
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Abstract
We here report on the direct observation of ferroelectric properties of water ice in its 2D phase. Upon nanoelectromechanical confinement between two graphene layers, water forms a 2D ice phase at room temperature that exhibits a strong and permanent dipole which depends on the previously applied field, representing clear evidence for ferroelectric ordering. Characterization of this permanent polarization with respect to varying water partial pressure and temperature reveals the importance of forming a monolayer of 2D ice for ferroelectric ordering which agrees with ab-initio and molecular dynamics simulations conducted. The observed robust ferroelectric properties of 2D ice enable novel nanoelectromechanical devices that exhibit memristive properties. A unique bipolar mechanical switching behavior is observed where previous charging history controls the transition voltage between low-resistance and high-resistance state. This advance enables the realization of rugged, non-volatile, mechanical memory exhibiting switching ratios of 106, 4 bit storage capabilities and no degradation after 10,000 switching cycles. Ferroelectric ordering of water has been at the heart of intense debates due to its importance in enhancing our understanding of the condensed matter. Here, the authors observe ferroelectric properties of water ice in a two dimensional phase under confinement between two graphene layers.
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8
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Tamtögl A, Bahn E, Sacchi M, Zhu J, Ward DJ, Jardine AP, Jenkins SJ, Fouquet P, Ellis J, Allison W. Motion of water monomers reveals a kinetic barrier to ice nucleation on graphene. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3120. [PMID: 34035257 PMCID: PMC8149658 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23226-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The interfacial behaviour of water remains a central question to fields as diverse as protein folding, friction and ice formation. While the properties of water at interfaces differ from those in the bulk, major gaps in our knowledge limit our understanding at the molecular level. Information concerning the microscopic motion of water comes mostly from computation and, on an atomic scale, is largely unexplored by experiment. Here, we provide a detailed insight into the behaviour of water monomers on a graphene surface. The motion displays remarkably strong signatures of cooperative behaviour due to repulsive forces between the monomers, enhancing the monomer lifetime ( ≈ 3 s at 125 K) in a free-gas phase that precedes the nucleation of ice islands and, in turn, provides the opportunity for our experiments to be performed. Our results give a molecular perspective on a kinetic barrier to ice nucleation, providing routes to understand and control the processes involved in ice formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Tamtögl
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria.
| | - Emanuel Bahn
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marco Sacchi
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
| | - Jianding Zhu
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - David J Ward
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Stephen J Jenkins
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - John Ellis
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - William Allison
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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9
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Elbourne A, Meftahi N, Greaves TL, McConville CF, Bryant G, Bryant SJ, Christofferson AJ. Nanostructure of a deep eutectic solvent at solid interfaces. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 591:38-51. [PMID: 33592524 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.01.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are an attractive class of tunable solvents. However, their uptake for relevant applications has been limited due to a lack of detailed information on their structure-property relationships, both in the bulk and at interfaces. The lateral nanostructure of the DES-solid interfaces is likely to be more complex than previously reported and requires detailed, high-resolution investigation. EXPERIMENTS We employ a combination of high-resolution amplitude-modulated atomic force microscopy and molecular dynamics simulations to elucidate the lateral nanostructure of a DES at the solid-liquid interface. Specifically, the lateral and near-surface nanostructure of the DES choline chloride:glycerol is probed at the mica and highly-ordered pyrolytic graphite interfaces. FINDINGS The lateral nanostructure of the DES-solid interface is heterogeneous and well-ordered in both systems. At the mica interface, the DES is strongly ordered via polar interactions. The adsorbed layer has a distinct rhomboidal symmetry with a repeat spacing of ~0.9 nm comprising all DES species. At the highly ordered pyrolytic graphite interface, the adsorbed layer appears distinctly different, forming an apolor-driven row-like structure with a repeat spacing of ~0.6 nm, which largely excludes the chloride ion. The interfacial nanostructure results from a delicate balance of substrate templating, liquid-liquid interactions, species surface affinity, and packing constraints of cations, anions, and molecular components within the DES. For both systems, distinct near-surface nanostructural layering is observed, which becomes more pronounced close to the substrate. The surface nanostructures elucidated here significantly expand our understanding of DES interfacial behavior and will enhance the optimization of DES systems for surface-based applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Elbourne
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
| | - Nastaran Meftahi
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
| | - Tamar L Greaves
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Christopher F McConville
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Gary Bryant
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Saffron J Bryant
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
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10
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He X, Yang DS. Order-Determined Structural and Energy Transport Dynamics in Solid-Supported Interfacial Methanol. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:1440-1445. [PMID: 33476520 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c04382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Energy transport dynamics in different nanostructures are crucial to both a fundamental understanding of and practical applications for heat management at the nanoscale. It has been reported that thermal conductivity may be severely impacted by stacking disorder in layered materials. Here, using ultrafast electron diffraction in the reflection geometry for direct probing of structural dynamics, we report a fundamental behavioral difference due to stacking order in an entirely different system-solid-supported methanol assemblies whose layered structures may resemble those of two-dimensional (2D) and van der Waals (vdW) solids but with much weaker in-plane hydrogen bonds. Thermal diffusion is found to be the transport mechanism across 2D-layered films without a cross-plane stacking order. In stark contrast, much faster ballistic energy transport is observed in 3D-ordered crystalline solids. The major change in such dynamical behavior may be associated with the efficiency of vibrational coupling between vdW-interacted methanol layers, which demonstrates a strong structure-property relation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing He
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Ding-Shyue Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
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11
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Kim KH, Amann-Winkel K, Giovambattista N, Späh A, Perakis F, Pathak H, Parada ML, Yang C, Mariedahl D, Eklund T, Lane TJ, You S, Jeong S, Weston M, Lee JH, Eom I, Kim M, Park J, Chun SH, Poole PH, Nilsson A. Experimental observation of the liquid-liquid transition in bulk supercooled water under pressure. Science 2021; 370:978-982. [PMID: 33214280 DOI: 10.1126/science.abb9385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
We prepared bulk samples of supercooled liquid water under pressure by isochoric heating of high-density amorphous ice to temperatures of 205 ± 10 kelvin, using an infrared femtosecond laser. Because the sample density is preserved during the ultrafast heating, we could estimate an initial internal pressure of 2.5 to 3.5 kilobar in the high-density liquid phase. After heating, the sample expanded rapidly, and we captured the resulting decompression process with femtosecond x-ray laser pulses at different pump-probe delay times. A discontinuous structural change occurred in which low-density liquid domains appeared and grew on time scales between 20 nanoseconds to 3 microseconds, whereas crystallization occurs on time scales of 3 to 50 microseconds. The dynamics of the two processes being separated by more than one order of magnitude provides support for a liquid-liquid transition in bulk supercooled water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Hwan Kim
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Katrin Amann-Winkel
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nicolas Giovambattista
- Department of Physics, Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY 11210, USA.,Ph.D. Programs in Chemistry and Physics, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Alexander Späh
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fivos Perakis
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Harshad Pathak
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marjorie Ladd Parada
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cheolhee Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Daniel Mariedahl
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tobias Eklund
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas J Lane
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA.,Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Seonju You
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangmin Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Matthew Weston
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jae Hyuk Lee
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Intae Eom
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Minseok Kim
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeku Park
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae Hwan Chun
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Peter H Poole
- Department of Physics, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, NS B2G 2W5, Canada
| | - Anders Nilsson
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
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12
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Zhang Z, Ying Y, Xu M, Zhang C, Rao Z, Ke S, Zhou Y, Huang H, Fei L. Atomic Steps Induce the Aligned Growth of Ice Crystals on Graphite Surfaces. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:8112-8119. [PMID: 33044079 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c03132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Heterogeneous ice nucleation on atmospheric aerosols strongly affects the earth's climate, and at the microscopic level, surface-irregularity-induced ice crystallization behaviors are common but crucial. Because of the lack of visual evidence and effective experimental methods, the mechanism of atomic-structure-dependent ice formation on aerosol surfaces is poorly understood. Here we chose highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) to represent soot (a primary aerosol), and environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) was performed for in situ observations of ice formation. We found that hexagonal ice crystals show an aligned growth pattern via a two-stage pathway with one a axis coinciding with the direction of atomic step edges on the HOPG surface. Additionally, the ice crystals grow at a noticeably higher speed along this direction. This study reveals the role of atomic surface defects in heterogeneous ice nucleation and may pave the way to control icing-related processes in practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhouyang Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Functional Thin Films, Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Two-Dimensional Materials and Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Multiscale Interdisciplinary Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Yiran Ying
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ming Xu
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chuanlin Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Functional Thin Films, Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Two-Dimensional Materials and Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Multiscale Interdisciplinary Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Zhenggang Rao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Functional Thin Films, Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Two-Dimensional Materials and Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Multiscale Interdisciplinary Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Shanming Ke
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Functional Thin Films, Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Two-Dimensional Materials and Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Multiscale Interdisciplinary Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Yangbo Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Functional Thin Films, Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Two-Dimensional Materials and Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Multiscale Interdisciplinary Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Haitao Huang
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Linfeng Fei
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Functional Thin Films, Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Two-Dimensional Materials and Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Multiscale Interdisciplinary Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
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13
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Bonnet R, Lenfant S, Mazérat S, Mallah T, Vuillaume D. Long-range electron transport in Prussian blue analog nanocrystals. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:20374-20385. [PMID: 33020768 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr06971j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report electron transport measurements through nano-scale devices consisting of 1 to 3 Prussian blue analog (PBA) nanocrystals connected between two electrodes. We compare two types of cubic nanocrystals, CsCoIIIFeII (15 nm) and CsNiIICrIII (6 nm), deposited on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite and contacted by conducting-AFM. The measured currents show an exponential dependence with the length of the PBA nano-device (up to 45 nm), with low decay factors β, in the range 0.11-0.18 nm-1 and 0.25-0.34 nm-1 for the CsCoFe and the CsNiCr nanocrystals, respectively. From the theoretical analysis of the current-voltage curve for the nano-scale device made of a single nanoparticle, we deduce that the electron transport is mediated by the localized d bands at around 0.5 eV from the electrode Fermi energy in the two cases. By comparison with previously reported ab initio calculations, we tentatively identify the involved orbitals as the filled Fe(ii)-t2g d band (HOMO) for CsCoFe and the half-filled Ni(ii)-eg d band (SOMO) for CsNiCr. Conductance values measured for multi-nanoparticle nano-scale devices (2 and 3 nanocrystals between the electrodes) are consistent with a multi-step coherent tunneling in the off-resonance regime between adjacent PBAs, a simple model gives a strong coupling (around 0.1-0.25 eV) between the adjacent PBA nanocrystals, mediated by electrostatic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roméo Bonnet
- Institute for Electronics Microelectronics and Nanotechnology (IEMN), CNRS, Av. Poincaré, 59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
| | - Stéphane Lenfant
- Institute for Electronics Microelectronics and Nanotechnology (IEMN), CNRS, Av. Poincaré, 59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
| | - Sandra Mazérat
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO), CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France.
| | - Talal Mallah
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO), CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France.
| | - Dominique Vuillaume
- Institute for Electronics Microelectronics and Nanotechnology (IEMN), CNRS, Av. Poincaré, 59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
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14
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Aturaliya R, Wang D, Xu Y, Lin YJ, Li Q, Turng LS. Expanded Polytetrafluoroethylene/Graphite Composites for Easy Water/Oil Separation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:38241-38248. [PMID: 32846495 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c11583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Oil spills in the ocean greatly threaten local environments, marine creatures, and coastal economies. An automatic water/oil separation material system was proposed in this study, and a tubular geometry was chosen to demonstrate the water/oil separation efficiency and effectiveness. The water/oil separation tubes were made of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) and graphite composites. The permeation pressures of water and oil through the tube walls were tuned by adjusting the ePTFE microstructure, which, in turn, depended on the degree of expansion and the graphite content. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy was performed to confirm the compositions of the ePTFE/graphite composites, and a scanning electron microscope was used to examine the microstructure and morphology of the expanded PTFE/graphite composite tubes. When a proper pressure was applied, which was higher than the oil's permeation pressure (3.0 kPa) but lower than the water's permeation pressure (57 kPa), the oil leaked out of the tube walls while the water went through the ePTFE/graphite tubes. As such, the water/oil mixture could be separated and collected in different containers or an outer tube. Due to this automatic separation, the whole process could be done continuously and conveniently, thus exhibiting great potential in the practical applications of oil spill and water separation/remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Aturaliya
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53715, United States
| | - Dongfang Wang
- School of Mechanics and Engineering Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
- National Center for International Research of Micro-Nano Molding Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Yiyang Xu
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53715, United States
- Polymer Engineering Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Yu-Jyun Lin
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53715, United States
- Polymer Engineering Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Qian Li
- National Center for International Research of Micro-Nano Molding Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Lih-Sheng Turng
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53715, United States
- Polymer Engineering Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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15
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Ahmad I, Jan R, Khan HU, Hussain A, Khan SA. Imaging, deposition, and self-assembly of CTAB stabilized gold nanostructures. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-020-2888-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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16
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Souda R, Aizawa T. Reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED) study of ice nucleation and growth on Ni(111): influences of adspecies and electron irradiation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:19585-19593. [PMID: 31464304 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp03082d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
How interfacial molecular interactions influence nucleation and growth processes of water ice is explored using pristine, oxygenated, and CO-adsorbed Ni(111) substrates based on RHEED, together with the effects of high-energy electron irradiation on the crystallization kinetics. A monolayer of amorphous solid water deposited onto the pristine Ni(111) substrate crystallizes into ice Ic at ca. 150 K, whereas ice Ih (Ic) is formed preferentially during water vapor deposition at 135 K (125 K). The ice nucleation tends to be hampered on the oxygenated Ni(111) surface because of the hydrogen bond formation with chemisorbed oxygen, leading to the growth of randomly-oriented ice Ic crystallites via spontaneous nucleation. The amorphization and recrystallization of initially crystalline ices are observed during prolonged RHEED measurements at 20 and 70 K, respectively, signifying that high-energy electron irradiation has both thermal and non-thermal effects on the water phase transition. The epitaxial growth (non-epitaxial growth) of ice occurs during electron irradiation of amorphous solid water formed on the pristine and oxygenated Ni(111) substrates (CO-adsorbed Ni(111) substrate) even at 100 K (120 K) because nucleation and growth are initiated at the substrate interface (in the ASW film interior).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryutaro Souda
- Transmission Electron Microscopy Station, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Takashi Aizawa
- Center for Functional Sensor & Actuator, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
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17
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Li S, Schmidt B. Replica exchange MD simulations of two-dimensional water in graphene nanocapillaries: rhombic versus square structures, proton ordering, and phase transitions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:17640-17654. [PMID: 31364628 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp00849g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The hydrogen bond patterns, proton ordering, and phase transitions of monolayer ice in two-dimensional hydrophobic confinement are fundamentally different from those found for bulk ice. To investigate the behavior of quasi-2D ice, we perform molecular dynamics simulations of water confined between fixed graphene plates at a distance of 0.65 nm. While experimental results are still limited and theoretical investigations are often based on a single, often empirically based force field model, this work presents a systematic study modeling the water-graphene interaction by effective Lennard-Jones potentials previously derived from high-level ab initio CCSD(T) calculations of water adsorbed on graphene [Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2013, 15, 4995]. For the water-water interaction different water force fields, i.e. SPCE, TIP3P, TIP4P, TIP4P/ICE, and TIP5P, are used. The water occupancy of the graphene capillary at a pressure of 1000 MPa is determined to be between 13.5 and 13.9 water molecules per square nanometer, depending on the choice of the water force field. Based on these densities, we explore the structure and dynamics of quasi-2D water for temperatures ranging from 200 K to about 600 K for each of the five force fields. To ensure complete sampling of the configurational space and to overcome the barriers separating metastable structures, these simulations are based on the replica exchange molecular dynamics technique. We report different tetragonal hydrogen bond patterns, which are classified as nearly square or as rhombic. While many of these arrangements are essentially flat, in some cases puckered arrangements are found, too. Also the proton ordering of the quasi-2D water structures is considered, allowing us to identify them as ferroelectric, ferrielectric or antiferroelectric. For temperatures between 200 K and 400 K we find several second-order phase transitions from one ice structure to another, changing in many cases both the arrangements of the oxygen atoms and the proton ordering. For temperatures between 400 K and 600 K there are melting-like transitions from a monolayer of ice to a monolayer of liquid water. These first-order phase transitions have a latent heat between 3.4 and 4.0 kJ mol-1. Both the values of the transition temperatures and of the latent heats display considerable model dependence for the five different water models investigated here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujuan Li
- Institute for Mathematics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany.
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18
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Pradhan MR, Nguyen MN, Kannan S, Fox SJ, Kwoh CK, Lane DP, Verma CS. Characterization of Hydration Properties in Structural Ensembles of Biomolecules. J Chem Inf Model 2019; 59:3316-3329. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.8b00453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohan R. Pradhan
- Bioinformatics Institute, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 30 Biopolis Street, #07-01 Matrix, Singapore 138671
- School of Computer Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798
| | - Minh N. Nguyen
- Bioinformatics Institute, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 30 Biopolis Street, #07-01 Matrix, Singapore 138671
| | - Srinivasaraghavan Kannan
- Bioinformatics Institute, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 30 Biopolis Street, #07-01 Matrix, Singapore 138671
| | - Stephen J. Fox
- Bioinformatics Institute, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 30 Biopolis Street, #07-01 Matrix, Singapore 138671
| | - Chee Keong Kwoh
- School of Computer Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798
| | - David P. Lane
- p53 Laboratory, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-04/05, Neuros/Immunos, Singapore 138648
| | - Chandra S. Verma
- Bioinformatics Institute, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 30 Biopolis Street, #07-01 Matrix, Singapore 138671
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543
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19
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Souda R, Aizawa T. Nucleation and growth of water ice on Ru(0001): Influences of oxygen and carbon-monoxide adspecies. Chem Phys Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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20
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Souda R, Aizawa T. Crystallization kinetics of thin water films on Pt(111): effects of oxygen and carbon-monoxide adspecies. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:1123-1130. [PMID: 30607420 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp06438e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes nucleation, epitaxial growth, and wettability of water on Pt(111) and how they are influenced by oxygen and carbon-monoxide adspecies, based on reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED), time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS), and temperature-programmed desorption (TPD). Amorphous solid water deposited onto the pristine Pt(111) substrate crystallizes into ice Ih together with a 2D layer at 150 K, whereas ice Ic (stacking disordered ice or a mixture of ice Ic and Ih) is formed preferentially onto oxygenated Pt(111) (CO-adsorbed Pt(111)) at 155-160 K (150 K). The ice nucleation and epitaxial growth tend to be hampered on the oxygenated Pt(111) surface via hydrogen bond formation with chemisorbed oxygen. The CO-adsorbed Pt(111) surface is hydrophobic, as evidenced by the fact that water forms a complex with CO during evaporation of crystallites at 160-165 K. A disordered 2D layer remains on pristine Pt(111) up to 175 K, whereas an ordered 2D layer exhibiting the (√3 ×√3)R30° structure formed on oxygenated Pt(111) up to 200 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryutaro Souda
- Transmission Electron Microscopy Station, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Takashi Aizawa
- Center for Functional Sensor & Actuator, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
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21
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Zhang X, Xu JY, Tu YB, Sun K, Tao ML, Xiong ZH, Wu KH, Wang JZ, Xue QK, Meng S. Hexagonal Monolayer Ice without Shared Edges. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:256001. [PMID: 30608818 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.256001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
When adsorbed on solids, water molecules are usually arranged into a honeycomb hydrogen-bond network. Here we report the discovery of a novel monolayer ice built exclusively from water hexamers but without shared edges, distinct from all conventional ice phases. Water grown on graphite crystalizes into a robust monolayer ice after annealing, attaining an exceedingly high density of 0.134 Å^{-2}. Unlike chemisorbed ice on metal surfaces, the ice monolayer can translate and rotate on graphite terraces and grow across steps, confirming its two-dimensional nature. First-principles calculations identify the monolayer ice structure as a robust self-assembly of closely packed water hexamers without edge sharing, whose stability is maintained by maximizing the number of intralayer hydrogen bonds on inert surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Ji-Yu Xu
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yu-Bing Tu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Kai Sun
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Min-Long Tao
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zu-Hong Xiong
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Ke-Hui Wu
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jun-Zhong Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Qi-Kun Xue
- Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Sheng Meng
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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22
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Foster W, Aguilar JA, Kusumaatmaja H, Voϊtchovsky K. In Situ Molecular-Level Observation of Methanol Catalysis at the Water-Graphite Interface. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:34265-34271. [PMID: 30221928 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b12113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Methanol occupies a central role in chemical synthesis and is considered an ideal candidate for cleaner fuel storage and transportation. It can be catalyzed from water and volatile organic compounds, such as carbon dioxide, thereby offering an attractive solution for reducing carbon emissions. However, molecular-level experimental observations of the catalytic process are scarce, and most existing catalysts tend to rely on empirically optimized, expensive, and complex nanocomposite materials. This lack of molecular-level insights has precluded the development of simpler, more cost-effective alternatives. Here, we show that graphite immersed in ultrapure water is able to spontaneously catalyze methanol from volatile organic compounds in ambient conditions. Using single-molecule resolution atomic force microscopy (AFM) in liquid, we directly observe the formation and evolution of methanol-water nanostructures at the surface of graphite. These molecularly ordered structures nucleate near catalytically active surface features, such as atomic step edges, and grow progressively as further methanol is being catalyzed. Complementary nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of the liquid confirms the formation of methanol and quantifies its concentration. We also show that electric fields significantly enhance the catalysis rate, even when as small as that induced by the natural surface potential of the silicon AFM tip. These findings could have a significant impact on the development of organic catalysts and on the function of nanoscale carbon devices.
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23
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Dora SK, Koch K, Barthlott W, Wandelt K. Kinetics of solvent supported tubule formation of Lotus ( Nelumbo nucifera) wax on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) investigated by atomic force microscopy. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 9:468-481. [PMID: 29515959 PMCID: PMC5815289 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.9.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The time dependence of the formation of lotus wax tubules after recrystallization from various chloroform-based solutions on an HOPG surface at room temperature was studied by atomic force microscopy (magnetic AC mode) taking series of consecutive images of the formation process. The growth of the tubules oriented in an upright fashion follows a sequential rodlet→ring→tubule behavior. The influence of a number of factors, e.g., different wax concentration in chloroform, the additional presence of water, or salts [(NH4)2SO4, NH4NO3] or a mixture of salt/water in the solution on the growth rate and orientation of the tubules is also investigated. Different wax concentrations were found to have no effect on the growth rate or the orientation of tubules in none of the solutions. The presence of water, however, considerably increased the growth rate of tubule formation, while the presence of salt was again found to have no effect on growth rate or orientation of tubules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujit Kumar Dora
- Institute of Theoretical and Physical Chemistry, University of Bonn, Wegelerstrasse 12, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Kerstin Koch
- Rhine-Waal University of Applied Science, Faculty of Live Sciences, Marie-Curie Str. 1, 47533 Kleve, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Barthlott
- Nees Institute for Biodiversity of Plants, University of Bonn, Venusbergweg 22, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Klaus Wandelt
- Institute of Theoretical and Physical Chemistry, University of Bonn, Wegelerstrasse 12, 53115 Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Physics, University of Wroclaw, pl. M. Borna 9, 50-204 Wrocław, Poland
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24
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Abstract
The nucleation and growth of water crystallites on a graphite substrate are discussed in terms of the initial film thickness, deposition temperature, and effects of adspecies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryutaro Souda
- Transmission Electron Microscopy Station
- National Institute for Materials Science
- 1-2-1 Sengen
- Tsukuba
- Japan
| | - Takashi Aizawa
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics
- National Institute for Materials Science
- 1-1 Namiki
- Tsukuba
- Japan
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25
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Structures and ultrafast dynamics of interfacial water assemblies on smooth hydrophobic surfaces. Chem Phys Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2017.01.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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26
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Hou C, Zhang M, Halder A, Chi Q. Graphene directed architecture of fine engineered nanostructures with electrochemical applications. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.04.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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27
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Ma L, Xu S, Wang C, Wang H, Zou S, Su M. Electrically Modulated Localized Surface Plasmon around Self-Assembled-Monolayer-Covered Nanoparticles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:1437-1441. [PMID: 28110535 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b03537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This article reports the observation of electrical modulation of localized surface plasmon around self-assembled monolayer (SAM)-modified gold nanoparticles and the establishment of a new spectroscopy technique, that is, dynamic electro-optical spectroscopy (DEOS). The gold nanoparticles are deposited onto a transparent conductive substrate, and an electrical bias applied on the conductive substrate can cause shift of resonance plasmon response, where the direction of peak shift is related to the polarity of applied bias. The peak shift observed at 2.4 V is approximately ten times larger than those reported in previous work. It is postulated that significant peak shift is the result of reorientation of adsorbed water on electrode, which can change local dielectric environment of nanoparticles. An energy barrier is identified when adsorbed water molecules are turned from oxygen-down to oxygen-up. Frequency-dependent peak shifts on surface-modified gold nanoparticles show that reorientation is a fast reversible process with rich dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Ma
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325001, China
- Wenzhou Institute of Biomaterials and Engineering, CNITECH, CAS , Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325001 China
| | - Shandong Xu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University , Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Chaoming Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida , Orlando, Florida 32826, United States
- Applied Mechanics and Structure Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Mechanics and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University , Chengdu, Sichuan 610030, China
| | - Haining Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida , Orlando, Florida 32826, United States
| | - Shengli Zou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida , Orlando, Florida 32826, United States
| | - Ming Su
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325001, China
- Wenzhou Institute of Biomaterials and Engineering, CNITECH, CAS , Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325001 China
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University , Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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28
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He X, Wu C, Yang DS. Communication: No guidance needed: Ordered structures and transformations of thin methanol ice on hydrophobic surfaces. J Chem Phys 2016; 145:171102. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4967264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xing He
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
| | - Chengyi Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
| | - Ding-Shyue Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, USA
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29
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Thermally-nucleated self-assembly of water and alcohol into stable structures at hydrophobic interfaces. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13064. [PMID: 27713413 PMCID: PMC5059760 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
At the interface with solids, the mobility of liquid molecules tends to be reduced compared with bulk, often resulting in increased local order due to interactions with the surface of the solid. At room temperature, liquids such as water and methanol can form solvation structures, but the molecules remain highly mobile, thus preventing the formation of long-lived supramolecular assemblies. Here we show that mixtures of water with methanol can form a novel type of interfaces with hydrophobic solids. Combining in situ atomic force microscopy and multiscale molecular dynamics simulations, we identify solid-like two-dimensional interfacial structures that nucleate thermally, and are held together by an extended network of hydrogen bonds. On graphite, nucleation occurs above ∼35 °C, resulting in robust, multilayered nanoscopic patterns. Our findings could have an impact on many fields where water-alcohol mixtures play an important role such as fuel cells, chemical synthesis, self-assembly, catalysis and surface treatments. Alcohol-water mixtures are characterized by the existence of segregated clusters, whose dynamics are too fast to be investigated in bulk solution. Here, Voïtchovsky et al. show the formation of stable two-dimensional water-alcohol wire-like structures via H-bonds on graphite surface at room temperature.
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30
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Xu Y, Dibble CJ, Petrik NG, Smith RS, Kay BD, Kimmel GA. Complete Wetting of Pt(111) by Nanoscale Liquid Water Films. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:541-547. [PMID: 26785059 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b02748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The melting and wetting of nanoscale crystalline ice films on Pt(111) that are transiently heated above the melting point in ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) using nanosecond laser pulses are studied with infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy and Kr temperature-programmed desorption. The as-grown crystalline ice films consist of nanoscale ice crystallites embedded in a hydrophobic water monolayer. Upon heating, these crystallites melt to form nanoscale droplets of liquid water. Rapid cooling after each pulse quenches the films, allowing them to be interrogated with UHV surface science techniques. With each successive heat pulse, these liquid drops spread across the surface until it is entirely covered with a multilayer water film. These results, which show that nanoscale water films completely wet Pt(111), are in contrast to molecular dynamics simulations predicting partial wetting of water drops on a hydrophobic water monolayer. The results provide valuable insights into the wetting characteristics of nanoscale water films on a clean, well-characterized, single-crystal surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuntao Xu
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Collin J Dibble
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Nikolay G Petrik
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - R Scott Smith
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Bruce D Kay
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Greg A Kimmel
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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31
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He X, Wu C, Rajagopal K, Punpongjareorn N, Yang DS. Ordered ionic liquid structure observed at terraced graphite interfaces. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:3392-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp07575k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Reflection high-energy electron diffraction is presented as a contactless, surface-specific method to probe the ion organization and layering at the ionic liquid–solid interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing He
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Houston
- Houston
- USA
| | - Chengyi Wu
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Houston
- Houston
- USA
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32
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Begić S, Li H, Atkin R, Hollenkamp AF, Howlett PC. A comparative AFM study of the interfacial nanostructure in imidazolium or pyrrolidinium ionic liquid electrolytes for zinc electrochemical systems. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:29337-29347. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp04299f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
AFM measurements show that the electrochemical performance of zinc based ionic liquid electrolytes is controlled by ion arrangements at the electrode surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srđan Begić
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES)
- Institute for Frontier Materials (IFM)
- Deakin University Burwood Campus
- Burwood
- Australia
| | - Hua Li
- Priority Research Centre for Advanced Fluids and Interfaces
- The University of Newcastle
- Callaghan
- Australia
| | - Rob Atkin
- Priority Research Centre for Advanced Fluids and Interfaces
- The University of Newcastle
- Callaghan
- Australia
| | | | - Patrick C. Howlett
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES)
- Institute for Frontier Materials (IFM)
- Deakin University Burwood Campus
- Burwood
- Australia
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33
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Rana MK, Chandra A. Solvation of narrow pores of graphene-like plates in simple dipolar liquids: Wetting and dewetting behavior and solvent dynamics for varying pore width and solute–solvent interaction. Chem Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2015.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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34
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Square ice in graphene nanocapillaries. Nature 2015; 519:443-5. [DOI: 10.1038/nature14295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 509] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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35
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Tummala NR, Liu S, Argyris D, Striolo A. Interfacial water properties in the presence of surfactants. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:2084-2094. [PMID: 25631335 DOI: 10.1021/la504388r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Water, because of its fundamental role in biology, geology, and many industrial applications and its anomalous behavior compared to that of simple fluids, continues to fascinate and attract extensive scientific interest. Building on previous studies of water in contact with different surfaces, in this study, we report results obtained from molecular dynamics simulations of water near hydrophilic and hydrophobic interfaces in the presence of nonionic and ionic amphiphilic molecules, hexaethylene glycol monododecyl ether (C12E6) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). We elucidate how these surfactants affect the packing (i.e., density profiles) and orientation of interfacial water. The results highlight the interplay of both surfactant charges and the substrate charge distribution predominantly with respect to the orientation of water molecules, up to distances longer than those expected based on simulation results on flat solid surfaces. We also quantify the dynamics of interfacial water molecules by computing the residence probability for water in contact with various substrates. We compare our results to those previously obtained for interfacial water on silica and graphite and also with experimental sum-frequency vibrational spectroscopy results at the air-water interface in the presence of surfactants. Our analysis could be useful for a better understanding of interfacial water not only near solid substrates but also near self-assembled/aggregated molecules at a variety of interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naga Rajesh Tummala
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology , 901 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30318, United States
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36
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Song R, Feng W, Jimenez-Cruz CA, Wang B, Jiang W, Wang Z, Zhou R. Water film inside graphene nanosheets: electron transfer reversal between water and graphene via tight nano-confinement. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra13736a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Electron transfer reversal between water and grapheneviatight nano-confinement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixia Song
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy (Jilin University)
| | - Wei Feng
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy (Jilin University)
| | | | - Bo Wang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy (Jilin University)
| | - Wanrun Jiang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy (Jilin University)
| | - Zhigang Wang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy (Jilin University)
| | - Ruhong Zhou
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- China
- Computational Biology Center
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37
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Lupi L, Kastelowitz N, Molinero V. Vapor deposition of water on graphitic surfaces: Formation of amorphous ice, bilayer ice, ice I, and liquid water. J Chem Phys 2014; 141:18C508. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4895543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Lupi
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-0850, USA
| | - Noah Kastelowitz
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-0850, USA
| | - Valeria Molinero
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-0850, USA
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38
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Qian Z, Wei G. Electric-Field-Induced Phase Transition of Confined Water Nanofilms between Two Graphene Sheets. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:8922-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jp500989t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Qian
- State Key
Laboratory of Surface
Physics, Key Laboratory for Computational Physical Sciences (MOE),
and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Guanghong Wei
- State Key
Laboratory of Surface
Physics, Key Laboratory for Computational Physical Sciences (MOE),
and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
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39
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Gowthami T, Kurra N, Raina G. Interaction and dynamics of ambient water adlayers on graphite probed using AFM voltage nanolithography and electrostatic force microscopy. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 25:155304. [PMID: 24651210 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/25/15/155304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we report the impact of the interaction and dynamics of increasing ambient water adlayers on etch patterns on a hydrophobic highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) surface obtained using atomic force microscopy (AFM) voltage nanolithography in contact mode by applying a positive bias to the sample. The changes in the dimensions of the etch patterns were investigated as a function of the increasing number of water adlayers present on the HOPG, which is varied by changing the time interval since HOPG cleavage. Changes in the width of the etch patterns and the surrounding water droplets were monitored with time, using intermittent-contact-mode AFM. Electrostatic force microscopy (EFM) has been employed to study the charged nature of the etch patterns and the neighboring water film with time. The width of the etch patterns made on freshly cleaved HOPG shows an increase of ∼33% over 48 h, whereas nine-day-old cleaved HOPG shows a 79% increase over the same period. No changes in the dimensions are observed while imaging in a nitrogen atmosphere soon after lithography. In ambient conditions, the EFM phase shift of the patterns shows a large change of ∼84-88% over 30 h. This study demonstrates the effect of the stored electrostatic energy of a polarized ice-like water adlayer, resulting in changes in the dimensions of the etch patterns long after lithography, whereas liquid-like water droplets do not affect the etch patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Gowthami
- Center for Nanotechnology Research, VIT University, Vellore 632014, India
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40
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Lupi L, Hudait A, Molinero V. Heterogeneous nucleation of ice on carbon surfaces. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:3156-64. [PMID: 24495074 DOI: 10.1021/ja411507a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Atmospheric aerosols can promote the heterogeneous nucleation of ice, impacting the radiative properties of clouds and Earth's climate. The experimental investigation of heterogeneous freezing of water droplets by carbonaceous particles reveals widespread ice freezing temperatures. It is not known which structural and chemical characteristics of soot account for the variability in ice nucleation efficiency. Here we use molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the nucleation of ice from liquid water in contact with graphitic surfaces. We find that atomically flat carbon surfaces promote heterogeneous nucleation of ice, while molecularly rough surfaces with the same hydrophobicity do not. Graphitic surfaces and other surfaces that promote ice nucleation induce layering in the interfacial water, suggesting that the order imposed by the surface on liquid water may play an important role in the heterogeneous nucleation mechanism. We investigate a large set of graphitic surfaces of various dimensions and radii of curvature and find that variations in nanostructures alone could account for the spread in the freezing temperatures of ice on soot in experiments. We conclude that a characterization of the nanostructure of soot is needed to predict its ice nucleation efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Lupi
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Utah , 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-0850, United States
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41
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Song R, Wangmo S, Xin M, Meng Y, Huai P, Wang Z, Zhang R. Anomalous stability of graphene containing defects covered by a water layer. NANOSCALE 2013; 5:6767-6772. [PMID: 23695176 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr00616f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Defects are inevitably present in graphene and can alter its properties and thus its applications. Interestingly, we find that commonly observed Stone-Wales and double vacancy defects do not affect graphene's hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties and that an adsorbed single water layer does not noticeably affect the defect-containing graphene's electronic properties. Our findings are based on calculations using a density functional tight-binding theory. Specifically, we observe negligible alteration in the interaction strength (less than 0.1 kcal mol(-1)) between a single water layer and graphene upon the incorporation of the various types of defects, which indicates that graphene has relatively stable hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties. The presence of a single water layer causes only negligible changes in the energy gap and a small charge transfer to the aqueous layer (less than 0.1 e). The results indicate that the electronic properties of graphene are determined mainly by its own structural characteristics and are not considerably affected by the adsorbed water layer. Further electronic structure analysis reveals that the two commonly observed defects do not change the sp(2) hybridization characteristics of the C atoms of graphene even in the water environment. Our results are significant for graphene studies and applications in areas such as life sciences and materials science where hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties and electronic properties are important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixia Song
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
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42
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Kazakova O, Burnett TL, Patten J, Yang L, Yakimova R. Epitaxial graphene on SiC(0001): functional electrical microscopy studies and effect of atmosphere. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 24:215702. [PMID: 23618748 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/24/21/215702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Surface potential distribution, V(CPD), and evolution of atmospheric adsorbates on few and multiple layers (FLG and MLG) of graphene grown on SiC(0001) substrate have been investigated by electrostatic and Kelvin force microscopy techniques at T = 20-120 °C. The change of the surface potential distribution, ΔV(CPD), between FLG and MLG is shown to be temperature dependent. The enhanced ΔV(CPD) value at 120 °C is associated with desorption of adsorbates at high temperatures and the corresponding change of the carrier balance. The nature of the adsorbates and their evolution with temperature are considered to be related to the process of adsorption and desorption of the atmospheric water on MLG domains. We demonstrate that both the nano- and microscale wettability of the material are strongly dependent on the number of graphene layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Kazakova
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington TW11 0LW, UK.
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43
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Epitaxial Graphene and Graphene–Based Devices Studied by Electrical Scanning Probe Microscopy. CRYSTALS 2013. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst3010191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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44
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Abstract
A solid water phase commonly known as "cubic ice" or "ice I(c)" is frequently encountered in various transitions between the solid, liquid, and gaseous phases of the water substance. It may form, e.g., by water freezing or vapor deposition in the Earth's atmosphere or in extraterrestrial environments, and plays a central role in various cryopreservation techniques; its formation is observed over a wide temperature range from about 120 K up to the melting point of ice. There was multiple and compelling evidence in the past that this phase is not truly cubic but composed of disordered cubic and hexagonal stacking sequences. The complexity of the stacking disorder, however, appears to have been largely overlooked in most of the literature. By analyzing neutron diffraction data with our stacking-disorder model, we show that correlations between next-nearest layers are clearly developed, leading to marked deviations from a simple random stacking in almost all investigated cases. We follow the evolution of the stacking disorder as a function of time and temperature at conditions relevant to atmospheric processes; a continuous transformation toward normal hexagonal ice is observed. We establish a quantitative link between the crystallite size established by diffraction and electron microscopic images of the material; the crystallite size evolves from several nanometers into the micrometer range with progressive annealing. The crystallites are isometric with markedly rough surfaces parallel to the stacking direction, which has implications for atmospheric sciences.
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45
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Cao P, Xu K, Varghese JO, Heath JR. The microscopic structure of adsorbed water on hydrophobic surfaces under ambient conditions. NANO LETTERS 2011; 11:5581-6. [PMID: 22050080 DOI: 10.1021/nl2036639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of water vapor with hydrophobic surfaces is poorly understood. We utilize graphene templating to preserve and visualize the microscopic structures of adsorbed water on hydrophobic surfaces. Three well-defined surfaces [H-Si(111), graphite, and functionalized mica] were investigated, and water was found to adsorb as nanodroplets (∼10-100 nm in size) on all three surfaces under ambient conditions. The adsorbed nanodroplets were closely associated with atomic-scale surface defects and step-edges and wetted all the hydrophobic substrates with contact angles<∼10°, resulting in total water adsorption that was similar to what is found for hydrophilic surfaces. These results point to the significant differences between surface processes at the atomic/nanometer scales and in the macroscopic world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peigen Cao
- Kavli Nanoscience Institute and Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, MC 127-72, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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46
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Liu JJ. Advanced Electron Microscopy of Metal-Support Interactions in Supported Metal Catalysts. ChemCatChem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201100090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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47
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Ye M, Li B, Zhang Y, Li H, Wang X, Hu J. Confined Water Nanofilm Promoting Nonenzymatic Degradation of DNA Molecules. J Phys Chem B 2011; 115:2754-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jp109212d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Ye
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, P. R. China and
- Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China and
| | - Bin Li
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, P. R. China and
| | - Yi Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, P. R. China and
| | - Hai Li
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, P. R. China and
| | - Xinyan Wang
- Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, P. R. China
| | - Jun Hu
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, P. R. China and
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48
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49
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Dreyer DR, Bielawski CW. Carbocatalysis: Heterogeneous carbons finding utility in synthetic chemistry. Chem Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1sc00035g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 328] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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50
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Abstract
Visualization of atomic-scale structural motion by ultrafast electron diffraction and microscopy requires electron packets of shortest duration and highest coherence. We report on the generation and application of single-electron pulses for this purpose. Photoelectric emission from metal surfaces is studied with tunable ultraviolet pulses in the femtosecond regime. The bandwidth, efficiency, coherence, and electron pulse duration are investigated in dependence on excitation wavelength, intensity, and laser bandwidth. At photon energies close to the cathode's work function, the electron pulse duration shortens significantly and approaches a threshold that is determined by interplay of the optical pulse width and the acceleration field. An optimized choice of laser wavelength and bandwidth results in sub-100-fs electron pulses. We demonstrate single-electron diffraction from polycrystalline diamond films and reveal the favorable influences of matched photon energies on the coherence volume of single-electron wave packets. We discuss the consequences of our findings for the physics of the photoelectric effect and for applications of single-electron pulses in ultrafast 4D imaging of structural dynamics.
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