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George BM, Kao KS, Kwon HS, Velasco BJ, Poyser J, Chen A, Le AC, Chhabra A, Burnett CE, Cajuste D, Hoover M, Loh KM, Shizuru JA, Weissman IL. Antibody Conditioning Enables MHC-Mismatched Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplants and Organ Graft Tolerance. Cell Stem Cell 2019; 25:185-192.e3. [PMID: 31204177 PMCID: PMC6679784 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2019.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic cell transplantation can correct hematological and immunological disorders by replacing a diseased blood system with a healthy one, but this currently requires depleting a patient's existing hematopoietic system with toxic and non-specific chemotherapy, radiation, or both. Here we report an antibody-based conditioning protocol with reduced toxicity and enhanced specificity for robust hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation and engraftment in recipient mice. Host pre-treatment with six monoclonal antibodies targeting CD47, T cells, NK cells, and HSCs followed by donor HSC transplantation enabled stable hematopoietic system reconstitution in recipients with mismatches at half (haploidentical) or all major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes. This approach allowed tolerance to heart tissue from HSC donor strains in haploidentical recipients, showing potential applications for solid organ transplantation without immune suppression. Fully mismatched chimeric mice developed antibody responses to nominal antigens, showing preserved functional immunity. These findings suggest approaches for transplanting immunologically mismatched HSCs and solid organs with limited toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benson M George
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Ludwig Center for Cancer Stem Cell Research and Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kevin S Kao
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Ludwig Center for Cancer Stem Cell Research and Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Hye-Sook Kwon
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Brenda J Velasco
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jessica Poyser
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Angela Chen
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Developmental Biology and the Stanford-UC Berkeley Stem Cell Institute, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Alan C Le
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Akanksha Chhabra
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Cassandra E Burnett
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Devon Cajuste
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Malachia Hoover
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kyle M Loh
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Developmental Biology and the Stanford-UC Berkeley Stem Cell Institute, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Judith A Shizuru
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Irving L Weissman
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Ludwig Center for Cancer Stem Cell Research and Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Developmental Biology and the Stanford-UC Berkeley Stem Cell Institute, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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Tang H, An S, Zhen H, Chen F. Characterization of combinatorial histone modifications on lineage-affiliated genes during hematopoietic stem cell myeloid commitment. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2014; 46:894-901. [PMID: 25205219 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmu078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are multipotent stem cells capable of self-renewal and multilineage differentiation. Mechanisms regulating the maintenance of HSCs' multipotency and differentiation are still unclear. In this study, we observed the role of combinatorial histone modification pattern in the maintenance of HSCs' pluripotency and differentiation. HSCs (CD34(+)CD38(low)) were collected from human umbilical cord blood and induced to differentiate to committed cells in vitro. The histone modifications on lineage-specific transcription factors/genes in multipotent HSCs and differentiated progenies, including megakaryocytes, granulocytes, and erythrocytes, were analyzed by chromatin immunoprecipitation-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Our results showed that a certain level of acH4 and acH3 together with high level of H3K4me2, low level of H3K4me3, and a certain level of H3K9me3 and H3K27me3 were present in lineage-specific genes in CD34(+)CD38(low) HSCs. As CD34(+)CD38(low) cells differentiated into granulocytes, erythroid cells, and megakaryocytes, the modification levels of acH3, acH4, and H3K4me2 on lineage-specific genes remained the same or elevated, while H3K4me3 level was increased greatly. At the same time, H3K9me3 and H3K27me3 modification levels became lower. In non-lineage-specific genes, the acH3 and acH4 levels were decreased, and H3K4me3 level remained at low level, while H3K9me3 and H3K27me3 levels were increased drastically. Our data suggest that combinatorial histone modification patterns have implicated function in maintaining the multipotency of HSCs and keeping the accuracy of gene expression program during HSC differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huarong Tang
- Department of Radiation Therapy, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou 310022, China Department of Hematology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Shimin An
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Huanying Zhen
- Department of Physiology, Central South University, Xiangya School of Medicine, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Fangping Chen
- Department of Hematology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
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von Bonin M, Bornhäuser M. Concise Review: The Bone Marrow Niche as a Target of Graft Versus Host Disease. Stem Cells 2014; 32:1420-8. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.1691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Malte von Bonin
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik 1; Universitätsklinikum Carl-Gustav Carus, Medizinische Fakultät der Technischen Universität Dresden; Dresden Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK); Im Neuenheimer Feld 280 Heidelberg Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Im Neuenheimer Feld 280 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Martin Bornhäuser
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik 1; Universitätsklinikum Carl-Gustav Carus, Medizinische Fakultät der Technischen Universität Dresden; Dresden Germany
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Activated MHC-mismatched T helper-1 lymphocyte infusion enhances GvL with limited GvHD. Bone Marrow Transplant 2014; 49:1076-83. [PMID: 24777185 DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2014.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Revised: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
DLI is traditionally used to provide graft-versus-leukemia (GvL) effects when given to patients relapsing post-hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). However, it is often associated with significant GvHD and has only modest efficacy against acute leukemias. Therefore, novel cellular therapies are needed to improve the outcome of high-risk or relapsed leukemia patients following HCT. Activated T helper-1 (aTh-1) lymphocytes are CD4(+)CD25(+)CD40L(+)CD62L(lo) effector memory cells that produce large amounts of IFN-γ and TNF-α. We demonstrate that post-transplant adoptive aTh-1 cell therapy enhances GvL with limited GvHD in an MHC-mismatched murine BMT model. aTh-1 infusions result in superior leukemia-free survival when compared with unstimulated splenocytes (SC), purified CD4(+) T-cells and T-cell-enriched SC. aTh-1 cells display cytotoxicity against A20 leukemia cells in vitro and persist in vivo for at least 2 months following adoptive transfer. Furthermore, in contrast to unstimulated SC, aTh-1 cell infusion is associated with only transient, mild suppression of donor-derived hematopoiesis. aTh-1 cell therapy is safe, effective and warrants further investigation as an alternative to DLI.
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Maguire G. Stem cell therapy without the cells. Commun Integr Biol 2013; 6:e26631. [PMID: 24567776 PMCID: PMC3925653 DOI: 10.4161/cib.26631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
As an example of the burgeoning importance of stem cell therapy, this past month the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine (CIRM) has approved $70 million to create a new network of stem cell clinical trial centers. Much work in the last decade has been devoted to developing the use of autologous and allogeneic adult stem cell transplants to treat a number of conditions, including heart attack, dementia, wounds, and immune system-related diseases. The standard model teaches us that adult stem cells exists throughout most of the body and provide a means to regenerate and repair most tissues through replication and differentiation. Although we have often witnessed the medical cart placed in front of the scientific horse in the development of stem cell therapies outside of academic circles, great strides have been made, such as the use of purified stem cells1 instead of whole bone marrow transplants in cancer patients, where physicians avoid re-injecting the patients with their own cancer cells.2 We most often think of stem cell therapy acting to regenerate tissue through replication and then differentiation, but recent studies point to the dramatic effects adult stem cells exert in the repair of various tissues through the release of paracrine and autocrine substances, and not simply through differentiation. Indeed, up to 80% of the therapeutic effect of adult stem cells has been shown to be through paracrine mediated actions.3 That is, the collected types of molecules released by the stem cells, called the secretome, or stem cell released molecules (SRM), number in the 100s, including proteins, microRNA, growth factors, antioxidants, proteasomes, and exosomes, and target a multitude of biological pathways through paracrine actions. The composition of the different molecule types in SRM is state dependent, and varies with cell type and conditions such as age and environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg Maguire
- BioRegenerative Sciences, Inc; The SRM Molecular Foundry; San Diego, CA USA
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Mixed chimerism through donor bone marrow transplantation: a tolerogenic cell therapy for application in organ transplantation. Curr Opin Organ Transplant 2013; 17:63-70. [PMID: 22186093 DOI: 10.1097/mot.0b013e32834ee68b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Organ transplantation is the state-of-the-art treatment for end-stage organ failure; however, long-term graft survival is still unsatisfactory. Despite improved immunosuppressive drug therapy, patients are faced with substantial side effects and the risk of chronic rejection with subsequent graft loss. The transplantation of donor bone marrow for the induction of mixed chimerism has been recognized to induce donor-specific tolerance a long time ago, but safety concerns regarding toxicities of current bone marrow transplantation (BMT) protocols impede widespread application. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies in nonhuman primates and kidney transplant patients have demonstrated successful induction of allograft tolerance even though--in contrast to murine models--only transient chimerism was achieved. Progress toward the development of nontoxic murine BMT protocols revealed that Treg therapy is a potent therapeutic adjunct eliminating the need for cytotoxic recipient conditioning. Furthermore, new insight into the mechanisms underlying tolerization of CD4 and CD8 T cells in mixed chimeras has been gained and has identified possible difficulties impeding clinical translation. SUMMARY This review will address the recent advances in murine models as well as findings from the first clinical trials for the induction of tolerance through mixed chimerism. Both the potential for more widespread clinical application and the remaining hurdles and challenges of this tolerance approach will be discussed.
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Logan AC, Weissman IL, Shizuru JA. The road to purified hematopoietic stem cell transplants is paved with antibodies. Curr Opin Immunol 2012; 24:640-8. [PMID: 22939368 PMCID: PMC5061494 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2012.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Revised: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 08/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic progenitor cell replacement therapy remains a surprisingly unrefined process. In general, unmanipulated bone marrow or mobilized peripheral blood (MPB) grafts which carry potentially harmful passenger cells are administered after treating recipients with high-dose chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy to eradicate malignant disease, eliminate immunologic barriers to allogeneic cell engraftment, and to 'make space' for rare donor stem cells within the stem cell niche. The sequalae of such treatments are substantial, including direct organ toxicity and nonspecific inflammation that contribute to the development of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and poor immune reconstitution. Passenger tumor cells that contaminate autologous hematopoietic grafts may contribute to relapse post-transplant. Use of antibodies to rid grafts of unwanted cell populations, and to eliminate or minimize the need for nonspecifically cytotoxic therapies used to condition transplant recipients, will dramatically improve the safety profile of allogeneic and gene-modified autologous hematopoietic stem cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron C. Logan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Irving L. Weissman
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Judith A. Shizuru
- Department of Medicine, Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
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Czechowicz A, Weissman IL. Purified hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: the next generation of blood and immune replacement. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2011; 25:75-87. [PMID: 21236391 DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2010.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Replacement of disease-causing stem cells with healthy ones has been achieved clinically via hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) for the last 40 years, as a treatment modality for a variety of cancers and immunodeficiencies with moderate, but increasing, success. This procedure has traditionally included transplantation of mixed hematopoietic populations that include hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) and other cells, such as T cells. This article explores and delineates the potential expansion of this technique to treat a variety of inherited diseases of immune function, the current barriers in HCT and pure HSC transplantation, and the up-and-coming strategies to combat these obstacles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Czechowicz
- Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Lorry I. Lokey Stem Cell Research Building, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305-5323, USA
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Linderman JA, Shizuru JA. Rapid reconstitution of antibody responses following transplantation of purified allogeneic hematopoietic stem cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 186:4191-9. [PMID: 21357265 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1003674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation has broad clinical applications extending from the treatment of malignancies to induction of immunologic tolerance. However, adaptive cellular and humoral immunity frequently remain impaired posttransplantation. Here, recovery of T-dependent and T-independent Ab responses was evaluated in mice transplanted with purified hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) devoid of the mature immune cells believed to hasten immune recovery. Mixed and full donor chimeras were created by conditioning recipients with sublethal or lethal irradiation, respectively, across different donor/host genetic disparities. By 6 wk posttransplantation, all animals demonstrated robust T-independent Ab responses, and all mixed chimeras and recipients of MHC-matched or haploidentical HSCs with a shared MHC haplotype had T-dependent Ab responses equivalent to those of untransplanted controls. Full chimeras that received fully MHC-disparate HSCs showed delayed T-dependent Ab responses that recovered by 12 wk. This delay occurred despite early reconstitution and proper migration to germinal centers of donor-derived T(follicular helper) (T(FH)) cells. Congenic transplants into T(FH)-deficient CD4(-/-) mice revealed restoration of T-dependent Ab responses by 6 wk, leading us to conclude that MHC disparity caused delay in humoral recovery. These findings, together with our previous studies, show that, contrary to the view that depletion of graft lymphocytes results in poor posttransplant immunity, elimination of immune-suppressing graft-versus-host reactions permits superior immune reconstitution. This study also provides insight into the regeneration of T(FH) cells and humoral immunity after allogeneic HSC transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Linderman
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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Movafagh A, Heydary H, Mortazavi-Tabatabaei SA, Azargashb E. The Significance Application of Indigenous Phytohemagglutinin (PHA) Mitogen on Metaphase and Cell Culture Procedure. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2011; 10:895-903. [PMID: 24250428 PMCID: PMC3813071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Phytohemagglutinin (PHA) is a lectin, obtained from the red kidney bean that binds to the membranes of T-cells and stimulates metabolic activity, cell division, etc. The object of this research was the comparison between self made PHA (Indigenous) and imported commercial one, following conventional and High Resolution Cell Synchronization technique (HRCS) .From each blood sample of healthy individual donor replicate cell culture with two different PHA (self-made and commercial imported) with same concentration were cultured simultaneously. For culture cells, 3-5 × 106(6) cells were cultured in 4 mL medium( RPMI 1640 supplemented with 15 per cent heat inactivated fetal bovine serum, 0.1 mL Phytohemagglutinin was added and kept at 37°C in an atmosphere containing 5% CO2. The processing of mitotic division from 48 h and 72 h cultures was performed according to the standard and High Resolution Cell Synchronization technique. Cytogenetic studies were performed in 100 normal healthy blood donor individuals. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS (version 16, Inc.USA) software.Our results indicate that the preparation of fresh Phytohemagglutinin at the time of cell division and cell culture procedure reveals satisfactory score. The overall frequency of mitotic index in our study was better when compared with commercial imported Phytohemagglutinin (p < 0.001).The significant differences in the results may be due to fresh preparation. However, cost effective, easy and nearest approach of this indigenous product and high demand for this product among health care services can be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abolfazl Movafagh
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hassan Heydary
- Department of Medical Anatomy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Eznollah Azargashb
- Department of Medical Health Community, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Czechowicz A, Weissman IL. Purified hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: the next generation of blood and immune replacement. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 2010; 30:159-71. [PMID: 20493393 DOI: 10.1016/j.iac.2010.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Replacement of disease-causing stem cells with healthy ones has been achieved clinically via hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) for the last 40 years, as a treatment modality for a variety of cancers and immunodeficiencies with moderate, but increasing, success. This procedure has traditionally included transplantation of mixed hematopoietic populations that include hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) and other cells, such as T cells. This article explores and delineates the potential expansion of this technique to treat a variety of inherited diseases of immune function, the current barriers in HCT and pure HSC transplantation, and the up-and-coming strategies to combat these obstacles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Czechowicz
- Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 279 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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12
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Allogeneic T cells impair engraftment and hematopoiesis after stem cell transplantation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107:14721-6. [PMID: 20679222 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1009220107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of the perception that depleting hematopoietic grafts of T cells will result in poorer immune recovery and in increased risk of graft rejection, pure hematopoietic stem cells (HSC), which avoid the potentially lethal complication of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), have not been used for allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) in humans. Ideal grafts should contain HSC plus mature cells that confer only the benefits of protection from pathogens and suppression of malignancies. This goal requires better understanding of the effects of each blood cell type and its interactions during engraftment and immune regeneration. Here, we studied hematopoietic reconstitution post-HCT, comparing grafts of purified HSC with grafts supplemented with T cells in a minor histocompatibility antigen (mHA)-mismatched mouse model. Cell counts, composition, and chimerism of blood and lymphoid organs were evaluated and followed intensively through the first month, and then subsequently for up to 1 yr. Throughout this period, recipients of pure HSC demonstrated superior total cell recovery and lymphoid reconstitution compared with recipients of T cell-containing grafts. In the latter, rapid expansion of T cells occurred, and suppression of hematopoiesis derived from donor HSC was observed. Our findings demonstrate that even early post-HCT, T cells retard donor HSC engraftment and immune recovery. These observations contradict the postulation that mature donor T cells provide important transient immunity and facilitate HSC engraftment.
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Dvorak CC. The tortoise and the hare: slow and steady stem cells win the race. Leuk Res 2009; 34:572-3. [PMID: 19959228 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2009.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2009] [Revised: 11/08/2009] [Accepted: 11/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Na IK, Lu SX, Yim NL, Goldberg GL, Tsai J, Rao U, Smith OM, King CG, Suh D, Hirschhorn-Cymerman D, Palomba L, Penack O, Holland AM, Jenq RR, Ghosh A, Tran H, Merghoub T, Liu C, Sempowski GD, Ventevogel M, Beauchemin N, van den Brink MRM. The cytolytic molecules Fas ligand and TRAIL are required for murine thymic graft-versus-host disease. J Clin Invest 2009; 120:343-56. [PMID: 19955659 DOI: 10.1172/jci39395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2009] [Accepted: 10/07/2009] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Thymic graft-versus-host disease (tGVHD) can contribute to profound T cell deficiency and repertoire restriction after allogeneic BM transplantation (allo-BMT). However, the cellular mechanisms of tGVHD and interactions between donor alloreactive T cells and thymic tissues remain poorly defined. Using clinically relevant murine allo-BMT models, we show here that even minimal numbers of donor alloreactive T cells, which caused mild nonlethal systemic graft-versus-host disease, were sufficient to damage the thymus, delay T lineage reconstitution, and compromise donor peripheral T cell function. Furthermore, to mediate tGVHD, donor alloreactive T cells required trafficking molecules, including CCR9, L selectin, P selectin glycoprotein ligand-1, the integrin subunits alphaE and beta7, CCR2, and CXCR3, and costimulatory/inhibitory molecules, including Ox40 and carcinoembryonic antigen-associated cell adhesion molecule 1. We found that radiation in BMT conditioning regimens upregulated expression of the death receptors Fas and death receptor 5 (DR5) on thymic stromal cells (especially epithelium), while decreasing expression of the antiapoptotic regulator cellular caspase-8-like inhibitory protein. Donor alloreactive T cells used the cognate proteins FasL and TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) (but not TNF or perforin) to mediate tGVHD, thereby damaging thymic stromal cells, cytoarchitecture, and function. Strategies that interfere with Fas/FasL and TRAIL/DR5 interactions may therefore represent a means to attenuate tGVHD and improve T cell reconstitution in allo-BMT recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Il-Kang Na
- Department of Medicine and Immunology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
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