1
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Krishna S, Jung ST, Lee EY. Escherichia coli and Pichia pastoris: microbial cell-factory platform for -full-length IgG production. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2024:1-23. [PMID: 38797692 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2024.2342969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Owing to the unmet demand, the pharmaceutical industry is investigating an alternative host to mammalian cells to produce antibodies for a variety of therapeutic and research applications. Regardless of some disadvantages, Escherichia coli and Pichia pastoris are the preferred microbial hosts for antibody production. Despite the fact that the production of full-length antibodies has been successfully demonstrated in E. coli, which has mostly been used to produce antibody fragments, such as: antigen-binding fragments (Fab), single-chain fragment variable (scFv), and nanobodies. In contrast, Pichia, a eukaryotic microbial host, is mostly used to produce glycosylated full-length antibodies, though hypermannosylated glycan is a major challenge. Advanced strategies, such as the introduction of human-like glycosylation in endotoxin-edited E. coli and cell-free system-based glycosylation, are making progress in creating human-like glycosylation profiles of antibodies in these microbes. This review begins by explaining the structural and functional requirements of antibodies and continues by describing and analyzing the potential of E. coli and P. pastoris as hosts for providing a favorable environment to create a fully functional antibody. In addition, authors compare these microbes on certain features and predict their future in antibody production. Briefly, this review analyzes, compares, and highlights E. coli and P. pastoris as potential hosts for antibody production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyam Krishna
- Department of Chemical Engineering (BK21 FOUR Integrated Engineering Program), Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Taek Jung
- BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Yeol Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering (BK21 FOUR Integrated Engineering Program), Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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2
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Jahnke K, Staufer O. Membranes on the move: The functional role of the extracellular vesicle membrane for contact-dependent cellular signalling. J Extracell Vesicles 2024; 13:e12436. [PMID: 38649339 PMCID: PMC11035383 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), lipid-enclosed structures released by virtually all life forms, have gained significant attention due to their role in intercellular and interorganismal communication. Despite their recognized importance in disease processes and therapeutic applications, fundamental questions about their primary function remain. Here, we propose a different perspective on the primary function of EVs, arguing that they serve as essential elements providing membrane area for long-distance, contact-dependent cellular communication based on protein-protein interaction. While EVs have been recognized as carriers of genetic information, additional unique advantages that they could provide for cellular communication remain unclear. Here, we introduce the concept that the substantial membrane area provided by EVs allows for membrane contact-dependent interactions that could be central to their function. This membrane area enables the lateral diffusion and sorting of membrane ligands like proteins, polysaccharides or lipids in two dimensions, promoting avidity-driven effects and assembly of co-stimulatory architectures at the EV-cell interface. The concept of vesicle-induced receptor sequestration (VIRS), for example, describes how EVs confine and focus receptors at the EV contact site, promoting a dense local concentration of receptors into signalosomes. This process can increase the signalling strength of EV-presented ligands by 10-1000-fold compared to their soluble counterparts. The speculations in this perspective advance our understanding of EV-biology and have critical implications for EV-based applications and therapeutics. We suggest a shift in perspective from viewing EVs merely as transporters of relevant nucleic acids and proteins to considering their unique biophysical properties as presentation platforms for long-distance, contact-dependent signalling. We therefore highlight the functional role of the EV membrane rather than their content. We further discuss how this signalling mechanism might be exploited by virus-transformed or cancer cells to enhance immune-evasive mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Jahnke
- School of Engineering and Applied SciencesHarvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Oskar Staufer
- INM – Leibniz Institute for New MaterialsSaarbrückenGermany
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical ResearchSaarbrückenGermany
- Center for BiophysicsSaarland UniversitySaarbrückenGermany
- Max Planck‐Bristol Center for Minimal BiologyUniversity of BristolBristolUK
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3
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Guo X, Yang L, Deng C, Ren L, Li S, Zhang X, Zhao J, Yue T. Nanoparticles traversing the extracellular matrix induce biophysical perturbation of fibronectin depicted by surface chemistry. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:6199-6214. [PMID: 38446101 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr06305d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
While the filtering and accumulation effects of the extracellular matrix (ECM) on nanoparticles (NPs) have been experimentally observed, the detailed interactions between NPs and specific biomolecules within the ECM remain poorly understood and pose challenges for in vivo molecular-level investigations. Herein, we adopt molecular dynamics simulations to elucidate the impacts of methyl-, hydroxy-, amine-, and carboxyl-modified gold NPs on the cell-binding domains of fibronectin (Fn), an indispensable component of the ECM for cell attachment and signaling. Simulation results show that NPs can specifically bind to distinct Fn domains, and the strength of these interactions depends on the physicochemical properties of NPs. NP-NH3+ exhibits the highest affinity to domains rich in acidic residues, leading to strong electrostatic interactions that induce severe deformation, potentially disrupting the normal functioning of Fn. NP-CH3 and NP-COO- selectively occupy the RGD/PHSRN motifs, which may hinder their recognition by integrins on the cell surface. Additionally, NPs can disrupt the dimerization of Fn through competing for residues at the dimer interface or by diminishing the shape complementarity between dimerized proteins. The mechanical stretching of Fn, crucial for ECM fibrillogenesis, is suppressed by NPs due to their local rigidifying effect. These results provide valuable molecular-level insights into the impacts of various NPs on the ECM, holding significant implications for advancing nanomedicine and nanosafety evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Guo
- Institute of Coastal Environmental Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266100, China.
| | - Lin Yang
- Institute of Coastal Environmental Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266100, China.
| | - Chaofan Deng
- Institute of Coastal Environmental Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266100, China.
| | - Luyao Ren
- Institute of Coastal Environmental Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266100, China.
| | - Shixin Li
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xianren Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- Institute of Coastal Environmental Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266100, China.
| | - Tongtao Yue
- Institute of Coastal Environmental Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266100, China.
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4
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Wang SQ, Wang Y, Yang X, Liu Y, Li H, Yang Z, Sun WY, Sessler JL. High-nuclearity Luminescent Lanthanide Nanocages for Tumor Drug Delivery. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202317775. [PMID: 38286749 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202317775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
There is an unmet need for easy-to-visualize drug carriers that can deliver therapeutic cargoes deep into solid tumors. Herein, we report the preparation of ultrasmall luminescent imine-based lanthanide nanocages, Eu60 and Tb60 (collectively Ln60 ), designed to encapsulate anticancer chemotherapeutics for tumor therapy. The as-prepared nanocages possess large cavities suitable for the encapsulation of doxorubicin (DOX), yielding DOX@Ln60 nanocages with diameters around 5 nm. DOX@Ln60 are efficiently internalized by breast cancer cells, allowing the cells to be visualized via the intrinsic luminescent property of Ln(III). Once internalized, the acidic intracellular microenvironment promotes imine bond cleavage and the release of the loaded DOX. DOX@Ln60 inhibits DNA replication and triggers tumor cell apoptosis. In a murine triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) model, DOX@Ln60 was found to inhibit tumor growth with negligible side effects on normal tissues. It proved more effective than various controls, including DOX and Ln60 . The present nanocages thus point the way to the development of precise nanomedicines for tumor imaging and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Qing Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Yili Wang
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Tissue Repair Materials, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Xiaoping Yang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Tissue Repair Materials, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Huaqiong Li
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Tissue Repair Materials, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Zhi Yang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Wei-Yin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jonathan L Sessler
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 E. 24th Street-A5300, Austin, Texas, 78712-1224, United States
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Kadhum WR, Majeed AA, Saleh RO, Ali E, Alhajlah S, Alwaily ER, Mustafa YF, Ghildiyal P, Alawadi A, Alsalamy A. Overcoming drug resistance with specific nano scales to targeted therapy: Focused on metastatic cancers. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 255:155137. [PMID: 38324962 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Metastatic cancer, which accounts for the majority of cancer fatalities, is a difficult illness to treat. Currently used cancer treatments include radiation therapy, chemotherapy, surgery, and targeted treatment (immune, gene, and hormonal). The disadvantages of these treatments include a high risk of tumor recurrence and surgical complications that may result in permanent deformities. On the other hand, most chemotherapy drugs are small molecules, which usually have unfavorable side effects, low absorption, poor selectivity, and multi-drug resistance. Anticancer drugs can be delivered precisely to the cancer spot by encapsulating them to reduce side effects. Stimuli-responsive nanocarriers can be used for drug release at cancer sites and provide target-specific delivery. As previously stated, metastasis is the primary cause of cancer-related mortality. We have evaluated the usage of nano-medications in the treatment of some metastatic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesam R Kadhum
- Department of Pharmacy, Kut University College, Kut 52001, Wasit, Iraq; Advanced research center, Kut University College, Kut 52001, Wasit, Iraq.
| | - Ali A Majeed
- Department of Pathological Analyses, Faculty of Science, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq
| | - Raed Obaid Saleh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, Al-Maarif University College, Al-Anbar, Iraq
| | - Eyhab Ali
- Pharmacy Department, Al-Zahraa University for Women, Karbala, Iraq
| | - Sharif Alhajlah
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11961, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Enas R Alwaily
- Microbiology Research Group, College of Pharmacy, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Iraq
| | - Yasser Fakri Mustafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
| | - Pallavi Ghildiyal
- Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
| | - Ahmed Alawadi
- College of technical engineering, the Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq; College of technical engineering, the Islamic University of Al Diwaniyah, Al Diwaniyah, Iraq; College of technical engineering, the Islamic University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq
| | - Ali Alsalamy
- College of technical engineering, Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University, Al-Muthanna 66002, Iraq
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Xiong H, Wilson BA, Ge X, Gao X, Cai Q, Xu X, Bachoo R, Qin Z. Glioblastoma Margin as a Diffusion Barrier Revealed by Photoactivation of Plasmonic Nanovesicles. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:1570-1578. [PMID: 38287297 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most complex and lethal primary brain cancer. Adequate drug diffusion and penetration are essential for treating GBM, but how the spatial heterogeneity in GBM impacts drug diffusion and transport is poorly understood. Herein, we report a new method, photoactivation of plasmonic nanovesicles (PANO), to measure molecular diffusion in the extracellular space of GBM. By examining three genetically engineered GBM mouse models that recapitulate key clinical features including the angiogenic core and diffuse infiltration, we found that the tumor margin has the lowest diffusion coefficient (highest tortuosity) compared with the tumor core and surrounding brain tissue. Analysis of the cellular composition shows that tortuosity in the GBM is strongly correlated with neuronal loss and astrocyte activation. Our all-optical measurement reveals the heterogeneous GBM microenvironment and highlights the tumor margin as a diffusion barrier for drug transport in the brain, with implications for therapeutic delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hejian Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Blake A Wilson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Xiaoqian Ge
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Xiaofei Gao
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Qi Cai
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Xueqi Xu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Robert Bachoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Zhenpeng Qin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
- Center for Advanced Pain Studies, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
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7
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Park J, Ghanim R, Rahematpura A, Gerage C, Abramson A. Electromechanical convective drug delivery devices for overcoming diffusion barriers. J Control Release 2024; 366:650-667. [PMID: 38190971 PMCID: PMC10922834 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Drug delivery systems which rely on diffusion for mass transport, such as hydrogels and nanoparticles, have enhanced drug targeting and extended delivery profiles to improve health outcomes for patients suffering from diseases including cancer and diabetes. However, diffusion-dependent systems often fail to provide >0.01-1% drug bioavailability when transporting macromolecules across poorly permeable physiological tissues such as the skin, solid tumors, the blood-brain barrier, and the gastrointestinal walls. Convection-enabling robotic ingestibles, wearables, and implantables physically interact with tissue walls to improve bioavailability in these settings by multiple orders of magnitude through convective mass transfer, the process of moving drug molecules via bulk fluid flow. In this Review, we compare diffusive and convective drug delivery systems, highlight engineering techniques that enhance the efficacy of convective devices, and provide examples of synergies between the two methods of drug transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihoon Park
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Ramy Ghanim
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Adwik Rahematpura
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Caroline Gerage
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Alex Abramson
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; Division of Digestive Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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8
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Lee J, Zhang W, Nguyen D, Zhou L, Amengual J, Zhai J, Cote T, Landolina M, Ahmadi E, Sands I, Mishra N, Yu H, Nieh MP, Wang K, Li Y, Chen Y. Computation-aided Design of Rod-Shaped Janus Base Nanopieces for Improved Tissue Penetration and Therapeutics Delivery. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.24.577046. [PMID: 38328235 PMCID: PMC10849704 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.24.577046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Despite the development of various drug delivery technologies, there remains a significant need for vehicles that can improve targeting and biodistribution in "hard-to-penetrate" tissues. Some solid tumors, for example, are particularly challenging to penetrate due to their dense extracellular matrix (ECM). In this study, we have formulated a new family of rod-shaped delivery vehicles named Janus base nanopieces (Rod JBNps), which are more slender than conventional spherical nanoparticles, such as lipid nanoparticles (LNPs). These JBNp nanorods are formed by bundles of DNA-inspired Janus base nanotubes (JBNts) with intercalated delivery cargoes. To develop this novel family of delivery vehicles, we employed a computation-aided design (CAD) methodology that includes molecular dynamics and response surface methodology. This approach precisely and efficiently guides experimental designs. Using an ovarian cancer model, we demonstrated that JBNps markedly improve penetration into the dense ECM of solid tumors, leading to better treatment outcomes compared to FDA-approved spherical LNP delivery. This study not only successfully developed a rod-shaped delivery vehicle for improved tissue penetration but also established a CAD methodology to effectively guide material design.
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Harkos C, Stylianopoulos T, Jain RK. Mathematical modeling of intratumoral immunotherapy yields strategies to improve the treatment outcomes. PLoS Comput Biol 2023; 19:e1011740. [PMID: 38113269 PMCID: PMC10763956 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Intratumoral injection of immunotherapy aims to maximize its activity within the tumor. However, cytokines are cleared via tumor vessels and escape from the tumor periphery into the host-tissue, reducing efficacy and causing toxicity. Thus, understanding the determinants of the tumor and immune response to intratumoral immunotherapy should lead to better treatment outcomes. In this study, we developed a mechanistic mathematical model to determine the efficacy of intratumorally-injected conjugated-cytokines, accounting for properties of the tumor microenvironment and the conjugated-cytokines. The model explicitly incorporates i) the tumor vascular density and permeability and the tumor hydraulic conductivity, ii) conjugated-cytokines size and binding affinity as well as their clearance via the blood vessels and the surrounding tissue, and iii) immune cells-cancer cells interactions. Model simulations show how the properties of the tumor and of the conjugated-cytokines determine treatment outcomes and how selection of proper parameters can optimize therapy. A high tumor tissue hydraulic permeability allows for the uniform distribution of the cytokines into the tumor, whereas uniform tumor perfusion is required for sufficient access and activation of immune cells. The permeability of the tumor vessels affects the blood clearance of the cytokines and optimal values depend on the size of the conjugates. A size >5 nm in radius was found to be optimal, whereas the binding of conjugates should be high enough to prevent clearance from the tumor into the surrounding tissue. In conclusion, development of strategies to improve vessel perfusion and tissue hydraulic conductivity by reprogramming the microenvironment along with optimal design of conjugated-cytokines can enhance intratumoral immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantinos Harkos
- Cancer Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Triantafyllos Stylianopoulos
- Cancer Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Rakesh K. Jain
- Edwin L Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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10
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Liu H, Capuani S, Badachhape AA, Di Trani N, Davila Gonzalez D, Vander Pol RS, Viswanath DI, Saunders S, Hernandez N, Ghaghada KB, Chen S, Nance E, Annapragada AV, Chua CYX, Grattoni A. Intratumoral nanofluidic system enhanced tumor biodistribution of PD-L1 antibody in triple-negative breast cancer. Bioeng Transl Med 2023; 8:e10594. [PMID: 38023719 PMCID: PMC10658527 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), pembrolizumab and atezolizumab, were recently approved for treatment-refractory triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), where those with Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) positive early-stage disease had improved responses. ICIs are administered systemically in the clinic, however, reaching effective therapeutic dosing is challenging due to severe off-tumor toxicities. As such, intratumoral (IT) injection is increasingly investigated as an alternative delivery approach. However, repeated administration, which sometimes is invasive, is required due to rapid drug clearance from the tumor caused by increased interstitial fluid pressure. To minimize off-target drug biodistribution, we developed the nanofluidic drug-eluting seed (NDES) platform for sustained intratumoral release of therapeutic via molecular diffusion. Here we compared drug biodistribution between the NDES, intraperitoneal (IP) and intratumoral (IT) injection using fluorescently labeled PD-L1 monoclonal antibody (αPD-L1). We used two syngeneic TNBC murine models, EMT6 and 4T1, that differ in PD-L1 expression, immunogenicity, and transport phenotype. We investigated on-target (tumor) and off-target distribution using different treatment approaches. As radiotherapy is increasingly used in combination with immunotherapy, we sought to investigate its effect on αPD-L1 tumor accumulation and systemic distribution. The NDES-treated cohort displayed sustained levels of αPD-L1 in the tumor over the study period of 14 days with significantly lower off-target organ distribution, compared to the IP or IT injection. However, we observed differences in the biodistribution of αPD-L1 across tumor models and with radiation pretreatment. Thus, we sought to extensively characterize the tumor properties via histological analysis, diffusion evaluation and nanoparticles contrast-enhanced CT. Overall, we demonstrate that ICI delivery via NDES is an effective method for sustained on-target tumor delivery across tumor models and combination treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsuan‐Chen Liu
- Department of NanomedicineHouston Methodist Research InstituteHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Simone Capuani
- Department of NanomedicineHouston Methodist Research InstituteHoustonTexasUSA
- University of Chinese Academy of Science (UCAS)BeijingChina
| | | | - Nicola Di Trani
- Department of NanomedicineHouston Methodist Research InstituteHoustonTexasUSA
| | | | - Robin S. Vander Pol
- Department of NanomedicineHouston Methodist Research InstituteHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Dixita I. Viswanath
- Department of NanomedicineHouston Methodist Research InstituteHoustonTexasUSA
- Texas A&M University College of MedicineBryanTexasUSA
- Texas A&M University College of MedicineHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Shani Saunders
- Department of NanomedicineHouston Methodist Research InstituteHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Nathanael Hernandez
- Department of NanomedicineHouston Methodist Research InstituteHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Ketan B. Ghaghada
- Department of RadiologyBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexasUSA
- Department of RadiologyTexas Children's HospitalHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Shu‐Hsia Chen
- Center for Immunotherapy ResearchHouston Methodist Research InstituteHoustonTexasUSA
- Neal Cancer CenterHouston Methodist Research InstituteHoustonTexasUSA
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Elizabeth Nance
- Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Ananth V. Annapragada
- Department of RadiologyBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexasUSA
- Department of RadiologyTexas Children's HospitalHoustonTexasUSA
| | | | - Alessandro Grattoni
- Department of NanomedicineHouston Methodist Research InstituteHoustonTexasUSA
- Department of SurgeryHouston Methodist HospitalHoustonTexasUSA
- Department of Radiation OncologyHouston Methodist HospitalHoustonTexasUSA
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11
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Xiong H, Wilson BA, Ge X, Gao X, Cai Q, Xu X, Bachoo R, Qin Z. Glioblastoma Margin as a Diffusion Barrier Revealed by Photoactivation of Plasmonic Nanovesicles. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.29.564569. [PMID: 37961149 PMCID: PMC10634930 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.29.564569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most complex and lethal adult primary brain cancer. Adequate drug diffusion and penetration are essential for treating GBM, but how the spatial heterogeneity in GBM impacts drug diffusion and transport is poorly understood. Herein, we report a new method, photoactivation of plasmonic nanovesicles (PANO), to measure molecular diffusion in the extracellular space of GBM. By examining three genetically engineered GBM mouse models that recapitulate key clinical features including angiogenic core and diffuse infiltration, we found that the tumor margin has the lowest diffusion coefficient (highest tortuosity) compared with the tumor core and surrounding brain tissue. Analysis of the cellular composition shows that the tortuosity in the GBM is strongly correlated with neuronal loss and astrocyte activation. Our all-optical measurement reveals the heterogeneous GBM microenvironment and highlights the tumor margin as a diffusion barrier for drug transport in the brain, with implications for therapeutic delivery.
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12
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Zelenovic N, Filipovic L, Popovic M. Recent Developments in Bioprocessing of Recombinant Antibody Fragments. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2023; 88:1191-1204. [PMID: 37770388 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297923090018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Biotechnological and biomedical applications of antibodies have been on a steady rise since the 1980s. As unique and highly specific bioreagents, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been widely exploited and approved as therapeutic agents. However, the use of mAbs has limitations for therapeutic applications. Antibody fragments (AbFs) with preserved antigen-binding sites have a significant potential to overcome the disadvantages of conventional mAbs, such as heterogeneous tissue distribution after systemic administration, especially in solid tumors, and Fc-mediated bystander activation of the immune system. AbFs possess better biodistribution coefficient due to lower molecular weight. They preserve the functional features of mAbs, such as antigen specificity and binding, while at the same time, ensuring much better tissue penetration. An additional benefit of AbFs is the possibility of their production in bacterial and yeast cells due to the small size, more robust structure, and lack of posttranslational modifications. In this review, we described current approaches to the AbF production with recent examples of AbF synthesis in bacterial and yeast expression systems and methods for the production optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nevena Zelenovic
- Center for Chemistry, Institute for Chemistry, Technology, and Metallurgy, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Lidija Filipovic
- Innovative Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia
| | - Milica Popovic
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia.
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Elias TM, Brown EB, Brown EB. Expanding the applicability of multiphoton fluorescence recovery after photobleaching by incorporating shear stress in laminar flow. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2023; 28:076502. [PMID: 37484975 PMCID: PMC10362154 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.28.7.076502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Significance Multi-photon fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (MPFRAP) is a nonlinear microscopy technique used to measure the diffusion coefficient of fluorescently tagged molecules in solution. Previous MPFRAP fitting models calculate the diffusion coefficient in systems with diffusion or diffusion in laminar flow. Aim We propose an MPFRAP fitting model that accounts for shear stress in laminar flow, making it a more applicable technique for in vitro and in vivo studies involving diffusion. Approach Fluorescence recovery curves are generated using high-throughput molecular dynamics simulations and then fit to all three models (diffusion, diffusion and flow, and diffusion and shear flow) to define the limits within which accurate diffusion coefficients are produced. Diffusion is simulated as a random walk with a variable horizontal bias to account for shear flow. Results Contour maps of the accuracy of the fitted diffusion coefficient as a function of scaled velocity and scaled shear rate show the parameter space within which each model produces accurate diffusion coefficients; the shear-flow model covers a larger area than the previous models. Conclusion The shear-flow model allows MPFRAP to be a viable optical tool for studying more biophysical systems than previous models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tresa M. Elias
- University of Rochester, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rochester, New York, United States
| | - Edward B. Brown
- Manhattan College, Department of Physics, Riverdale, New York, United States
| | - Edward B. Brown
- University of Rochester, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rochester, New York, United States
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Di J, Hou P, Corpstein CD, Wu K, Xu Y, Li T. Multiphysics modeling and simulation of local transport and absorption kinetics of intramuscularly injected lipids nanoparticles. J Control Release 2023; 359:S0168-3659(23)00369-3. [PMID: 37295730 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Recent clinical applications of mRNA vaccines highlight the critical role of drug delivery, especially when using lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) as the carrier for genetic payloads. However, kinetic and transport mechanisms for locally injected LNPs, such as lymphatic or cellular uptake and drug release, remain poorly understood. Herein, we developed a bottom-up multiphysics computational model to simulate the injection and absorption processes of LNPs in muscular tissues. Our purpose was to seek underlying connections between formulation attributes and local exposure kinetics of LNPs and the delivered drug. We were also interested in modeling the absorption kinetics from the local injection site to the systemic circulation. In our model, the tissue was treated as the homogeneous, poroelastic medium in which vascular and lymphatic vessel densities are considered. Tissue deformation and interstitial fluid flow (modeled using Darcy's Law) were also implemented. Transport of LNPs was described based on diffusion and advection; local disintegration and cellular uptake were also integrated. Sensitivity analyses of LNP and drug properties and tissue attributes were conducted using the simulation model. It was found that intrinsic tissue porosity and lymphatic vessel density affect the local transport kinetics; diffusivity, lymphatic permeability, and intracellular update kinetics also play critical roles. Simulated results were commensurate with experimental observations. This study could shed light on the development of LNP formulations and enable further development of whole-body pharmacokinetic models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxing Di
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Industrial & Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Peng Hou
- Industrial & Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | | | - Kangzeng Wu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuhong Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; School of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Dali, China.
| | - Tonglei Li
- Industrial & Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.
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15
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Freeman FE, Dosta P, Shanley LC, Ramirez Tamez N, Riojas Javelly CJ, Mahon OR, Kelly DJ, Artzi N. Localized Nanoparticle-Mediated Delivery of miR-29b Normalizes the Dysregulation of Bone Homeostasis Caused by Osteosarcoma whilst Simultaneously Inhibiting Tumor Growth. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2207877. [PMID: 36994935 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202207877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Patients diagnosed with osteosarcoma undergo extensive surgical intervention and chemotherapy resulting in dismal prognosis and compromised quality of life owing to poor bone regeneration, which is further compromised with chemotherapy delivery. This study aims to investigate if localized delivery of miR-29b-which is shown to promote bone formation by inducing osteoblast differentiation and also to suppress prostate and cervical tumor growth-can suppress osteosarcoma tumors whilst simultaneously normalizing the dysregulation of bone homeostasis caused by osteosarcoma. Thus, the therapeutic potential of microRNA (miR)-29b is studied to promote bone remodeling in an orthotopic model of osteosarcoma (rather than in bone defect models using healthy mice), and in the context of chemotherapy, that is clinically relevant. A formulation of miR-29b:nanoparticles are developed that are delivered via a hyaluronic-based hydrogel to enable local and sustained release of the therapy and to study the potential of attenuating tumor growth whilst normalizing bone homeostasis. It is found that when miR-29b is delivered along with systemic chemotherapy, compared to chemotherapy alone, the therapy provided a significant decrease in tumor burden, an increase in mouse survival, and a significant decrease in osteolysis thereby normalizing the dysregulation of bone lysis activity caused by the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona E Freeman
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, D02 PN40, Ireland
- Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing, and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, D02 PN40, Ireland
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, D02 YN77, Ireland
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Engineering and Materials Science Centre, University College Dublin, Dublin, D04 V1W8, Ireland
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, D04 V1W8, Ireland
| | - Pere Dosta
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Lianne C Shanley
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, D02 PN40, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, D02 YN77, Ireland
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, D02 PN40, Ireland
| | - Natalia Ramirez Tamez
- Department of Medicine, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Cristobal J Riojas Javelly
- Department of Medicine, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Olwyn R Mahon
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, D02 PN40, Ireland
- School of Medicine, University of Limerick, Limerick, V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Daniel J Kelly
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, D02 PN40, Ireland
- Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing, and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, D02 PN40, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, D02 YN77, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, D02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Natalie Artzi
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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16
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Heger G, Roy A, Dumančić M, Arazi L. Alpha dose modeling in diffusing alpha-emitters radiation therapy-Part I: single-seed calculations in one and two dimensions. Med Phys 2023; 50:1793-1811. [PMID: 36464914 DOI: 10.1002/mp.16145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diffusing alpha-emitters Radiation Therapy ("DaRT") is a new method, presently in clinical trials, which allows treating solid tumors by alpha particles. DaRT relies on interstitial seeds carrying μCi-level 224 Ra activity below their surface, which release a chain of short-lived alpha emitters that spread throughout the tumor volume primarily by diffusion. Alpha dose calculations in DaRT are based on describing the transport of alpha emitting atoms, requiring new modeling techniques. PURPOSE A previous study introduced a simplified framework, the "Diffusion-Leakage (DL) model", for DaRT alpha dose calculations, and employed it to a point source, as a basic building block of arbitrary configurations of line sources. The aim of this work, which is divided into two parts, is to extend the model to realistic seed geometries (in Part I), and to employ single-seed calculations to study the properties of DaRT seed lattices (Part II). Such calculations can serve as a pragmatic guide for treatment planning in future clinical trials. METHODS We derive a closed-form asymptotic solution for an infinitely long cylindrical source, and extend it to an approximate time-dependent expression that assumes a uniform temporal profile at all radial distances from the source. We then develop a finite-element one-dimensional numerical scheme for a complete time-dependent solution of this geometry and validate it against the closed-form expressions. Finally, we discuss a two-dimensional axisymmetric scheme for a complete time-dependent solution for a seed of finite diameter and length. Different solutions are compared over the relevant parameter space, providing guidelines on their usability and limitations. RESULTS We show that approximating the seed as a finite line source comprised of point-like segments significantly underestimates the correct alpha dose, as predicted by the full two-dimensional calculation. The time-dependent one-dimensional solution is shown to coincide to sub-percent-level with the two-dimensional calculation in the seed midplane, and maintains an accuracy of a few percent up to ∼2 mm from the seed edge. CONCLUSIONS For actual treatment plans, the full two-dimensional solution should be used to generate dose lookup tables, similarly to the TG-43 format employed in conventional brachytherapy. Given the accuracy of the one-dimensional solution up to ∼2 mm from the seed edge it can be used for efficient parametric studies of DaRT seed lattices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Heger
- Unit of Nuclear Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er-Sheva, Israel
| | - Arindam Roy
- Unit of Nuclear Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er-Sheva, Israel
| | - Mirta Dumančić
- Unit of Nuclear Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er-Sheva, Israel
| | - Lior Arazi
- Unit of Nuclear Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er-Sheva, Israel
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17
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Singh G, Singh A, Kumar N, Avti P. Effects of injection rates and tissue diffusivity in magnetic nano-particle hyperthermia. Med Eng Phys 2023; 113:103965. [PMID: 36966004 DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2023.103965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Effects of injection rate and tumor physiology on the diffusion of magnetic nano-particles (MNPs) and temperature profile during magnetic hyperthermia are investigated in this work. The study considers three injection rates (2.5 μL/min, 10 μL/min, and 40 μL/min), and two MNP diffusion coefficients (10-9 m2/s and 10-11 m2/s). The simulation of this physics has been done on 3D tumor surrounded by healthy tissue. Transient MNP distribution in tissue is evaluated using Darcy's flow model and the MNP transport (convection-diffusion) equation. The temperature profile in the tumor model is computed by solving Penne's bioheat transfer equation (PBHTE). Results show tumors with high collagen content (with low MNP diffusivity) are more restrictive towards MNP transport than tumors having low collagen content. Thus, tumors with low MNP diffusivity need a higher injection rate to increase the homogeneity of MNP concentration as well as temperature profile during thermo-therapy. Results also show that, MNP fluid injected with a higher injection rate produces a more uniform MNP concentration up to greater depth than the lower injection rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurmeet Singh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology, Patiala 147004, India; Virginia Tech-TIET- Center of Excellence in Emerging Materials, Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology, Patiala 147001, India
| | - Amritpal Singh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology, Patiala 147004, India
| | - Neeraj Kumar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology, Patiala 147004, India; Virginia Tech-TIET- Center of Excellence in Emerging Materials, Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology, Patiala 147001, India.
| | - Pramod Avti
- Department of Biophysics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), #520, Fifth Floor, Research 'B' Block, Sector 12, Chandigarh 160012, India
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18
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Zhou Y, Wu Y, Paul R, Qin X, Liu Y. Hierarchical Vessel Network-Supported Tumor Model-on-a-Chip Constructed by Induced Spontaneous Anastomosis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:6431-6441. [PMID: 36693007 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c19453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The vascular system in living tissues is a highly organized system that consists of vessels with various diameters for nutrient delivery and waste transport. In recent years, many vessel construction methods have been developed for building vascularized on-chip tissue models. These methods usually focused on constructing vessels at a single scale. In this work, a method that can build a hierarchical and perfusable vessel networks was developed. By providing flow stimuli and proper HUVEC concentration, spontaneous anastomosis between endothelialized lumens and the self-assembled capillary network was induced; thus, a perfusable network containing vessels at different scales was achieved. With this simple method, an in vivo-like hierarchical vessel-supported tumor model was prepared and its application in anticancer drug testing was demonstrated. The tumor growth rate was predicted by combining computational fluid dynamics simulation and a tumor growth mathematical model to understand the vessel perfusability effect on tumor growth rate in the hierarchical vessel network. Compared to the tumor model without capillary vessels, the hierarchical vessel-supported tumor shows a significantly higher growth rate and drug delivery efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyuan Zhou
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania18015, United States
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania18015, United States
| | - Ratul Paul
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania18015, United States
| | - Xiaochen Qin
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania18015, United States
| | - Yaling Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania18015, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania18015, United States
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Besanjideh M, Shamloo A, Hannani SK. Evaluating the reliability of tumour spheroid-on-chip models for replicating intratumoural drug delivery: considering the role of microfluidic parameters. J Drug Target 2023; 31:179-193. [PMID: 36036226 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2022.2119478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Several tumour spheroid-on-chip models have already been proposed in the literature to conduct high throughput drug screening assays. The microfluidic configurations in these models generally depend on the strategies adopted for spheroid formation and entrapment. However, it is not clear how successful they are to mimic in vivo transport mechanisms. In this study, drug transport in different tumour spheroid-on-chip models is numerically investigated under static and dynamic conditions using porous media theory. Moreover, the treatment of a solid tumour at the initial stage of development is modelled using bolus injection and continuous infusion methods. Then, the results of tumour spheroid-on-chip, including drug concentration, cell viability, as well as pressure and fluid shear stress distributions, are compared with those of the solid tumour, assuming identical transport properties in all models. Finally, a new configuration of the microfluidic device along with the optimal drug concentrations is proposed, which can well imitate a given in vivo situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Besanjideh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.,Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Shamloo
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
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20
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Green Tea Catechin Potentiating Doxorubicine Effects against BE(2)C Neuroblastoma Cells In Vitro. Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod 2023. [DOI: 10.5812/jjnpp-129683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Neuroblastoma (NB), a malignant sympathetic nervous system cancer, is the second most common type of pediatric tumor. Increasing the number of NB death emerges to design a new strategy for NB treatment. Nowadays, the development of natural compounds has gradually increased due to their ability to apoptosis induction. Tea catechin, a flavonoid compound, is one of the natural combinations which inhibit tumor growth and enhance tumor cell apoptosis. In the current study, the effects of pure catechin, doxorubicin (DOX), and their combination on a cellular model of NB [BE(2)C cells] are perused. (NB) a malignant sympathetic nervous system cancer is the second most common type of pediatric tumor. Increasing the number of NB death emerges to design a new strategy for NB treatment. Nowadays, the development of natural compounds has gradually increased due to their ability to apoptosis induction. Tea catechin, a flavonoid compound, is one of the natural combinations which inhibit tumor growth and enhance tumor cell apoptosis. Objectives: In the current study, the effects of pure catechin, doxorubicin (DOX), and their combination on a cellular model of NB [BE(2)C cells] are perused. Methods: The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was done to assess a response dose for each drug. Fluorescent Microscopic and cell cycle analyses were performed for apoptosis detection. Finally, Colony formation was performed to examine cell migration and invasion. Results: The MTT assay showed that catechin and DOX treatment inhibited the viability of the cells while the combination of their ineffective doses had more cytotoxic effects. However, these treatments could not inhibit the cell growth of the normal human fibroblast. Moreover, this combination reduced cell attachment, chromatin fragmentation, and G/S arrest in the cell cycle. The clonogenic assay demonstrated that colony size and numbers obviously reduced after ten days; therefore, Catchin and its combination with DOX suppressed cell capacities of clone formation and migration. Conclusions: These results suggest that catechin, DOX, and their combination may inhibit the proliferation, invasion, and migration of BE(2)C neuroblastoma cells in vitro while inducing cell apoptosis by arresting the cell cycle.
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Park S, Kim J, Lee C. Injectable rapidly dissolving needle-type gelatin implant capable of delivering high concentrations of H2O2 through intratumoral injection. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 156:113910. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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22
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Hu X, Ha E, Ai F, Huang X, Yan L, He S, Ruan S, Hu J. Stimulus-responsive inorganic semiconductor nanomaterials for tumor-specific theranostics. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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23
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Flash drug release from nanoparticles accumulated in the targeted blood vessels facilitates the tumour treatment. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6910. [PMID: 36376302 PMCID: PMC9661469 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34718-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumour microenvironment hinders nanoparticle transport deep into the tissue precluding thorough treatment of solid tumours and metastatic nodes. We introduce an anticancer drug delivery concept termed FlaRE (Flash Release in Endothelium), which represents alternative to the existing approaches based on enhanced permeability and retention effect. This approach relies on enhanced drug-loaded nanocarrier accumulation in vessels of the target tumour or metastasised organ, followed by a rapid release of encapsulated drug within tens of minutes. It leads to a gradient-driven permeation of the drug to the target tissue. This pharmaceutical delivery approach is predicted by theoretical modelling and validated experimentally using rationally designed MIL-101(Fe) metal-organic frameworks. Doxorubicin-loaded MIL-101 nanoparticles get swiftly trapped in the vasculature of the metastasised lungs, disassemble in the blood vessels within 15 minutes and release drug, which rapidly impregnates the organ. A significant improvement of the therapeutic outcome is demonstrated in animal models of early and late-stage B16-F1 melanoma metastases with 11-fold and 4.3-fold decrease of pulmonary melanoma nodes, respectively.
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Scheele CLGJ, Herrmann D, Yamashita E, Celso CL, Jenne CN, Oktay MH, Entenberg D, Friedl P, Weigert R, Meijboom FLB, Ishii M, Timpson P, van Rheenen J. Multiphoton intravital microscopy of rodents. NATURE REVIEWS. METHODS PRIMERS 2022; 2:89. [PMID: 37621948 PMCID: PMC10449057 DOI: 10.1038/s43586-022-00168-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Tissues are heterogeneous with respect to cellular and non-cellular components and in the dynamic interactions between these elements. To study the behaviour and fate of individual cells in these complex tissues, intravital microscopy (IVM) techniques such as multiphoton microscopy have been developed to visualize intact and live tissues at cellular and subcellular resolution. IVM experiments have revealed unique insights into the dynamic interplay between different cell types and their local environment, and how this drives morphogenesis and homeostasis of tissues, inflammation and immune responses, and the development of various diseases. This Primer introduces researchers to IVM technologies, with a focus on multiphoton microscopy of rodents, and discusses challenges, solutions and practical tips on how to perform IVM. To illustrate the unique potential of IVM, several examples of results are highlighted. Finally, we discuss data reproducibility and how to handle big imaging data sets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colinda L. G. J. Scheele
- Laboratory for Intravital Imaging and Dynamics of Tumor Progression, VIB Center for Cancer Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - David Herrmann
- Cancer Ecosystems Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Department, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- St. Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Erika Yamashita
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- WPI-Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Bioimaging and Drug Discovery, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Cristina Lo Celso
- Department of Life Sciences and Centre for Hematology, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Sir Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Craig N. Jenne
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Maja H. Oktay
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Integrated Imaging Program, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - David Entenberg
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Integrated Imaging Program, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Peter Friedl
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- David H. Koch Center for Applied Genitourinary Cancers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Roberto Weigert
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Franck L. B. Meijboom
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Sustainable Animal Stewardship, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Faculty of Humanities, Ethics Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Masaru Ishii
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- WPI-Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Bioimaging and Drug Discovery, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Paul Timpson
- Cancer Ecosystems Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Department, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- St. Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jacco van Rheenen
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Guo WX, Hu LF, Feng YH, Liu Y, Jing LY, Chen BZ, Guo XD. Evaluation of Nanoparticle Stability under Blood Flow Shear. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:12731-12738. [PMID: 36201874 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The stability of drug-loaded nanoparticles in vivo is related to the success of the drug delivery, which is investigated as a deficiency due to the limitation of traditional experimental methods. In this study, dissipative particle dynamics (DPD), a simulation method suitable for soft matter and fluids, was used to study the stability of amphiphilic nanoparticles in the blood microenvironment. By comparing the morphology alteration of nanoparticles with various molecular topologies in the shear fluid field, we have found that branch degree and geometric symmetry would be the key factors in maintaining the nanoparticle's stability. This research could provide more theoretical guidance for drug delivery system design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing100029, P. R. China
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing100029, P. R. China
| | - Liu Fu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing100029, P. R. China
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing100029, P. R. China
| | - Yun Hao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing100029, P. R. China
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing100029, P. R. China
| | - Yue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing100029, P. R. China
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing100029, P. R. China
| | - Li Yue Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing100029, P. R. China
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing100029, P. R. China
| | - Bo Zhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing100029, P. R. China
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing100029, P. R. China
| | - Xin Dong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing100029, P. R. China
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing100029, P. R. China
- High-Tech Research Institute, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing100029, P. R. China
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Ahmed Z, Qaisar R. Nanomedicine for Treating Muscle Dystrophies: Opportunities, Challenges, and Future Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231912039. [PMID: 36233338 PMCID: PMC9569435 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231912039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscular dystrophies are a group of genetic muscular diseases characterized by impaired muscle regeneration, which leads to pathological inflammation that drives muscle wasting and eventually results in weakness, functional dependency, and premature death. The most known causes of death include respiratory muscle failure due to diaphragm muscle decay. There is no definitive treatment for muscular dystrophies, and conventional therapies aim to ameliorate muscle wasting by promoting physiological muscle regeneration and growth. However, their effects on muscle function remain limited, illustrating the requirement for major advancements in novel approaches to treatments, such as nanomedicine. Nanomedicine is a rapidly evolving field that seeks to optimize drug delivery to target tissues by merging pharmaceutical and biomedical sciences. However, the therapeutic potential of nanomedicine in muscular dystrophies is poorly understood. This review highlights recent work in the application of nanomedicine in treating muscular dystrophies. First, we discuss the history and applications of nanomedicine from a broader perspective. Second, we address the use of nanoparticles for drug delivery, gene regulation, and editing to target Duchenne muscular dystrophy and myotonic dystrophy. Next, we highlight the potential hindrances and limitations of using nanomedicine in the context of cell culture and animal models. Finally, the future perspectives for using nanomedicine in clinics are summarized with relevance to muscular dystrophies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaheer Ahmed
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Rizwan Qaisar
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +971-6505-7254; Fax: +971-6558-5879
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27
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Image-guided in situ cancer vaccination with combination of multi-functional nano-adjuvant and an irreversible electroporation technique. Biomaterials 2022; 289:121762. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Wu JLY, Stordy BP, Nguyen LNM, Deutschman CP, Chan WCW. A proposed mathematical description of in vivo nanoparticle delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 189:114520. [PMID: 36041671 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles are promising vehicles for the precise delivery of molecular therapies to diseased sites. Nanoparticles interact with a series of tissues and cells before they reach their target, which causes less than 1% of administered nanoparticles to be delivered to these target sites. Researchers have been studying the nano-bio interactions that mediate nanoparticle delivery to develop guidelines for designing nanoparticles with enhanced delivery properties. In this review article, we describe these nano-bio interactions with a series of mathematical equations that quantitatively define the nanoparticle delivery process. We employ a compartment model framework to describe delivery where nanoparticles are either (1) at the site of administration, (2) in the vicinity of target cells, (3) internalized by the target cells, or (4) sequestered away in off-target sites or eliminated from the body. This framework explains how different biological processes govern nanoparticle transport between these compartments, and the role of intercompartmental transport rates in determining the final nanoparticle delivery efficiency. Our framework provides guiding principles to engineer nanoparticles for improved targeted delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie L Y Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada; Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular & Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Benjamin P Stordy
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada; Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular & Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Luan N M Nguyen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada; Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular & Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Christopher P Deutschman
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada; Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular & Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Warren C W Chan
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada; Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular & Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada; Department of Chemical Engineering & Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E5, Canada; Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada; Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada.
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Hadjicharalambous M, Ioannou E, Aristokleous N, Gazeli K, Anastassiou C, Vavourakis V. Combined anti-angiogenic and cytotoxic treatment of a solid tumour: In silico investigation of a xenograft animal model's digital twin. J Theor Biol 2022; 553:111246. [PMID: 36007551 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2022.111246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Anti-angiogenic (AA) treatments have received significant research interest due to the key role of angiogenesis in cancer progression. AA agents can have a strong effect on cancer regression, by blocking new vessels and reducing the density of the existing vasculature. Moreover, in a process termed vascular normalisation, AA drugs can improve the abnormal structure and function of the tumour vasculature, enhancing the delivery of chemotherapeutics to the tumour site. Despite their promising potential, an improved understanding of AA treatments is necessary to optimise their administration as a monotherapy or in combination with other cancer treatments. In this work we present an in silico multiscale cancer model which is used to systematically interrogate the role of individual mechanisms of action of AA drugs in tumour regression. Focus is placed on the reduction of vascular density and on vascular normalisation through a parametric study, which are considered either as monotherapies or in combination with conventional/metronomic chemotherapy. The model is specified to data from a mammary carcinoma xenograft in immunodeficient mice, to enhance the physiological relevance of model predictions. Our results suggest that conventional chemotherapy might be more beneficial when combined with AA treatments, hindering tumour growth without causing excessive damage on healthy tissue. Notably, metronomic chemotherapy has shown significant potential in stopping tumour growth with minimal toxicity, even as a monotherapy. Our findings underpin the potential of our in silico framework for non-invasive and cost-effective evaluation of treatment strategies, which can enhance our understanding of combined therapeutic strategies and contribute towards improving cancer treatment management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myrianthi Hadjicharalambous
- Department of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, University of Cyprus, 75, Kallipoleos Av., Nicosia, 1678, Cyprus.
| | - Eleftherios Ioannou
- Department of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, University of Cyprus, 75, Kallipoleos Av., Nicosia, 1678, Cyprus.
| | - Nicolas Aristokleous
- Department of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, University of Cyprus, 75, Kallipoleos Av., Nicosia, 1678, Cyprus.
| | - Kristaq Gazeli
- ENAL Electromagnetics and Novel Applications Lab, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Cyprus, 75, Kallipoleos Av., Nicosia, 1678, Cyprus; FOSS Research Centre for Sustainable Energy, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Cyprus, 75, Kallipoleos Av., Nicosia, 1678, Cyprus; Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Laboratoire des Sciences des Procédés et des Matériaux, LSPM, CNRS, UPR 3407, 99 av. Jean-Baptiste, Villetaneuse, F-93430, France.
| | - Charalambos Anastassiou
- ENAL Electromagnetics and Novel Applications Lab, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Cyprus, 75, Kallipoleos Av., Nicosia, 1678, Cyprus; FOSS Research Centre for Sustainable Energy, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Cyprus, 75, Kallipoleos Av., Nicosia, 1678, Cyprus.
| | - Vasileios Vavourakis
- Department of Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering, University of Cyprus, 75, Kallipoleos Av., Nicosia, 1678, Cyprus; Department of Medical Physics & Biomedical Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
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Barzaman K, Vafaei R, Samadi M, Kazemi MH, Hosseinzadeh A, Merikhian P, Moradi-Kalbolandi S, Eisavand MR, Dinvari H, Farahmand L. Anti-cancer therapeutic strategies based on HGF/MET, EpCAM, and tumor-stromal cross talk. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:259. [PMID: 35986321 PMCID: PMC9389806 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02658-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
As an intelligent disease, tumors apply several pathways to evade the immune system. It can use alternative routes to bypass intracellular signaling pathways, such as nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), Wnt, and mitogen-activated protein (MAP)/phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Therefore, these mechanisms lead to therapeutic resistance in cancer. Also, these pathways play important roles in the proliferation, survival, migration, and invasion of cells. In most cancers, these signaling pathways are overactivated, caused by mutation, overexpression, etc. Since numerous molecules share these signaling pathways, the identification of key molecules is crucial to achieve favorable consequences in cancer therapy. One of the key molecules is the mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (MET; c-Met) and its ligand hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). Another molecule is the epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), which its binding is hemophilic. Although both of them are involved in many physiologic processes (especially in embryonic stages), in some cancers, they are overexpressed on epithelial cells. Since they share intracellular pathways, targeting them simultaneously may inhibit substitute pathways that tumor uses to evade the immune system and resistant to therapeutic agents.
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Shen Y, Hu M, Li W, Chen Y, Xu Y, Sun L, Liu D, Chen S, Gu Y, Ma Y, Chen X. Delivery of DNA octahedra enhanced by focused ultrasound with microbubbles for glioma therapy. J Control Release 2022; 350:158-174. [PMID: 35981634 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
DNA nanostructures, with good biosafety, highly programmable assembly, flexible modification, and precise control, are tailored as drug carriers to deliver therapeutic agents for cancer therapy. However, they face considerable challenges regarding their delivery into the brain, mainly due to the blood-brain barrier (BBB). By controlling the acoustic parameters, focused ultrasound combined with microbubbles (FUS/MB) can temporarily, noninvasively, and reproducibly open the BBB in a localized region. We investigated the delivery outcome of pH-responsive DNA octahedra loading Epirubicin (Epr@DNA-Octa) via FUS/MB and its therapeutic efficiency in a mouse model bearing intracranial glioma xenograft. Using FUS/MB to locally disrupt the BBB or the blood-tumor barrier (BTB) and systemic administration of Epr@DNA-Octa (Epr@DNA-Octa + FUS/MB) (2 mg/kg of loaded Epr), we achieved an Epr concentration of 292.3 ± 10.1 ng/g tissue in glioma, a 4.4-fold increase compared to unsonicated animals (p < 0.001). The in vitro findings indicated that Epr released from DNA strands accumulated in lysosomes and induced enhanced cytotoxicity compared to free Epr. Further two-photon intravital imaging of spatiotemporal patterns of the DNA-Octa leakage revealed that the FUS/MB treatment enhanced DNA-Octa delivery across several physiological barriers at microscopic level, including the first extravasation across the BBB/BTB and then deep penetration into the glioma center and engulfment of DNA-Octa into the tumor cell body. Longitudinal in vivo bioluminescence imaging and histological analysis indicated that the intracranial glioma progression in nude mice treated with Epr@DNA-Octa + FUS/MB was effectively retarded compared to other groups. The beneficial effect on survival was most significant in the Epr@DNA-Octa + FUS/MB group, with a 50% increase in median survival and a 73% increase in the maximum survival compared to control animals. Our work demonstrates the potential viability of FUS/MB as an alternative strategy for glioma delivery of anticancer drugs using DNA nanostructures as the drug delivery platform for brain cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Shen
- National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518071, China
| | - Mengni Hu
- National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518071, China
| | - Wen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yiling Chen
- National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518071, China
| | - Yiluo Xu
- National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518071, China
| | - Litao Sun
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Dongzhe Liu
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen 518071, China
| | - Siping Chen
- National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518071, China
| | - Yueqing Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Xin Chen
- National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518071, China.
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Fuller AM, Eisinger-Mathason TSK. Context Matters: Response Heterogeneity to Collagen-Targeting Approaches in Desmoplastic Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14133132. [PMID: 35804902 PMCID: PMC9264969 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14133132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary A common feature of tumor types such as breast cancer, prostate cancer, pancreatic cancer, and soft-tissue sarcoma is the deposition of collagen-rich tissue called desmoplasia. However, efforts to control tumor growth by disrupting desmoplasia, collectively known as “collagen-targeting approaches”, have had mixed and contradictory results, sometimes even within the same cancer type. We believe that this phenomenon may be due—at least partially—to the fact that “collagen” is not a single molecule, but rather a diverse molecular family composed of 28 unique collagen types. Therefore, in this review, we discuss the diversity of collagen molecules in normal and cancer tissue, and explore how collagen heterogeneity relates to the mixed efficacy of collagen-targeting approaches for cancer therapy. Abstract The deposition of collagen-rich desmoplastic tissue is a well-documented feature of the solid tumor microenvironment (TME). However, efforts to target the desmoplastic extracellular matrix (ECM) en masse, or collagen molecules more specifically, have been met with mixed and sometimes paradoxical results. In this review, we posit that these discrepancies are due—at least in part—to the incredible diversity of the collagen superfamily. Specifically, whereas studies of “collagen-targeting” approaches frequently refer to “collagen” as a single molecule or relatively homogeneous molecular family, 28 individual collagens have been identified in mammalian tissues, each with a unique structure, supramolecular assembly pattern, tissue distribution, and/or function. Moreover, some collagen species have been shown to exert both pro- and anti-neoplastic effects in the desmoplastic TME, even within the same cancer type. Therefore, herein, we describe the diversity of the collagen family in normal tissues and highlight the context-specific roles of individual collagen molecules in desmoplastic tumors. We further discuss how this heterogeneity relates to the variable efficacy of “collagen-targeting” strategies in this setting and provide guidance for future directions in the field.
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Deng K, Yang D, Zhou Y. Nanotechnology-Based siRNA Delivery Systems to Overcome Tumor Immune Evasion in Cancer Immunotherapy. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14071344. [PMID: 35890239 PMCID: PMC9315482 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune evasion is a common reason causing the failure of anticancer immune therapy. Small interfering RNA (siRNA), which can activate the innate and adaptive immune system responses by silencing immune-relevant genes, have been demonstrated to be a powerful tool for preventing or reversing immune evasion. However, siRNAs show poor stability in biological fluids and cannot efficiently cross cell membranes. Nanotechnology has shown great potential for intracellular siRNA delivery in recent years. Nano-immunotherapy can efficiently penetrate the tumor microenvironment (TME) and deliver multiple immunomodulatory agents simultaneously, which appears to be a promising method for combination therapy. Therefore, it provides a new perspective for siRNA delivery in immunomodulation and cancer immunotherapy. The current advances and challenges in nanotechnology-based siRNA delivery strategies for overcoming immune evasion will be discussed in this review. In addition, we also offer insights into therapeutic options, which may expand its applications in clinical cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaili Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, China; (K.D.); (D.Y.)
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315021, China
| | - Dongxue Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, China; (K.D.); (D.Y.)
- Institute of Digestive Disease of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, China
| | - Yuping Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, China; (K.D.); (D.Y.)
- Institute of Digestive Disease of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, China
- Correspondence:
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Munir MU. Nanomedicine Penetration to Tumor: Challenges, and Advanced Strategies to Tackle This Issue. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14122904. [PMID: 35740570 PMCID: PMC9221319 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14122904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanomedicine has been under investigation for several years to improve the efficiency of chemotherapeutics, having minimal pharmacological effects clinically. Ineffective tumor penetration is mediated by tumor environments, including limited vascular system, rising cancer cells, higher interstitial pressure, and extra-cellular matrix, among other things. Thus far, numerous methods to increase nanomedicine access to tumors have been described, including the manipulation of tumor micro-environments and the improvement of nanomedicine characteristics; however, such outdated approaches still have shortcomings. Multi-functional convertible nanocarriers have recently been developed as an innovative nanomedicine generation with excellent tumor infiltration abilities, such as tumor-penetrating peptide-mediated transcellular transport. The developments and limitations of nanomedicines, as well as expectations for better outcomes of tumor penetration, are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Usman Munir
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Aljouf, Saudi Arabia
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Hu H, Quintana J, Weissleder R, Parangi S, Miller M. Deciphering albumin-directed drug delivery by imaging. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 185:114237. [PMID: 35364124 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Albumin is the most abundant plasma protein, exhibits extended circulating half-life, and its properties have long been exploited for diagnostics and therapies. Many drugs intrinsically bind albumin or have been designed to do so, yet questions remain about true rate limiting factors that govern albumin-based transport and their pharmacological impacts, particularly in advanced solid cancers. Imaging techniques have been central to quantifying - at a molecular and single-cell level - the impact of mechanisms such as phagocytic immune cell signaling, FcRn-mediated recycling, oncogene-driven macropinocytosis, and albumin-drug interactions on spatial albumin deposition and related pharmacology. Macroscopic imaging of albumin-binding probes quantifies vessel structure, permeability, and supports efficiently targeted molecular imaging. Albumin-based imaging in patients and animal disease models thus offers a strategy to understand mechanisms, guide drug development and personalize treatments.
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36
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Petkova AI, Kubajewska I, Vaideanu A, Schätzlein AG, Uchegbu IF. Gene Targeting to the Cerebral Cortex Following Intranasal Administration of Polyplexes. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14061136. [PMID: 35745709 PMCID: PMC9231247 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14061136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene delivery to the cerebral cortex is challenging due to the blood brain barrier and the labile and macromolecular nature of DNA. Here we report gene delivery to the cortex using a glycol chitosan—DNA polyplex (GCP). In vitro, GCPs carrying a reporter plasmid DNA showed approximately 60% of the transfection efficiency shown by Lipofectamine lipoplexes (LX) in the U87 glioma cell line. Aiming to maximise penetration through the brain extracellular space, GCPs were coated with hyaluronidase (HYD) to form hyaluronidase-coated polyplexes (GCPH). The GCPH formulation retained approximately 50% of the in vitro hyaluronic acid (HA) digestion potential but lost its transfection potential in two-dimensional U87 cell lines. However, intranasally administered GCPH (0.067 mg kg−1 DNA) showed high levels of gene expression (IVIS imaging of protein expression) in the brain regions. In a separate experiment, involving GCP, LX and naked DNA, the intranasal administration of the GCP formulation (0.2 mg kg−1 DNA) resulted in protein expression predominantly in the cerebral cortex, while a similar dose of intranasal naked DNA led to protein expression in the cerebellum. Intranasal LX formulations did not show any evidence of protein expression. GCPs may provide a means to target protein expression to the cerebral cortex via the intranasal route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asya I. Petkova
- UCL School of Pharmacy, 29–39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK; (A.I.P.); (I.K.); (A.V.); (A.G.S.)
- Nanomerics Ltd., Northwick Park and St. Mark’s Hospital, Y Block, Watford Road, London HA1 3UJ, UK
| | - Ilona Kubajewska
- UCL School of Pharmacy, 29–39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK; (A.I.P.); (I.K.); (A.V.); (A.G.S.)
- Nanomerics Ltd., Northwick Park and St. Mark’s Hospital, Y Block, Watford Road, London HA1 3UJ, UK
| | - Alexandra Vaideanu
- UCL School of Pharmacy, 29–39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK; (A.I.P.); (I.K.); (A.V.); (A.G.S.)
| | - Andreas G. Schätzlein
- UCL School of Pharmacy, 29–39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK; (A.I.P.); (I.K.); (A.V.); (A.G.S.)
- Nanomerics Ltd., Northwick Park and St. Mark’s Hospital, Y Block, Watford Road, London HA1 3UJ, UK
| | - Ijeoma F. Uchegbu
- UCL School of Pharmacy, 29–39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK; (A.I.P.); (I.K.); (A.V.); (A.G.S.)
- Nanomerics Ltd., Northwick Park and St. Mark’s Hospital, Y Block, Watford Road, London HA1 3UJ, UK
- Correspondence:
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Lambride C, Vavourakis V, Stylianopoulos T. Convection-Enhanced Delivery In Silico Study for Brain Cancer Treatment. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:867552. [PMID: 35694227 PMCID: PMC9177080 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.867552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain cancer therapy remains a formidable challenge in oncology. Convection-enhanced delivery (CED) is an innovative and promising local drug delivery method for the treatment of brain cancer, overcoming the challenges of the systemic delivery of drugs to the brain. To improve our understanding about CED efficacy and drug transport, we present an in silico methodology for brain cancer CED treatment simulation. To achieve this, a three-dimensional finite element formulation is utilized which employs a brain model representation from clinical imaging data and is used to predict the drug deposition in CED regimes. The model encompasses biofluid dynamics and the transport of drugs in the brain parenchyma. Drug distribution is studied under various patho-physiological conditions of the tumor, in terms of tumor vessel wall pore size and tumor tissue hydraulic conductivity as well as for drugs of various sizes, spanning from small molecules to nanoparticles. Through a parametric study, our contribution reports the impact of the size of the vascular wall pores and that of the therapeutic agent on drug distribution during and after CED. The in silico findings provide useful insights of the spatio-temporal distribution and average drug concentration in the tumor towards an effective treatment of brain cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chryso Lambride
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Vasileios Vavourakis
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Vasileios Vavourakis, ; Triantafyllos Stylianopoulos,
| | - Triantafyllos Stylianopoulos
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
- *Correspondence: Vasileios Vavourakis, ; Triantafyllos Stylianopoulos,
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Recent Advances in Fluorescence Recovery after Photobleaching for Decoupling Transport and Kinetics of Biomacromolecules in Cellular Physiology. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14091913. [PMID: 35567083 PMCID: PMC9105003 DOI: 10.3390/polym14091913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the new molecular tools available to scientists and engineers, some of the most useful include fluorescently tagged biomolecules. Tools, such as green fluorescence protein (GFP), have been applied to perform semi-quantitative studies on biological signal transduction and cellular structural dynamics involved in the physiology of healthy and disease states. Such studies focus on drug pharmacokinetics, receptor-mediated endocytosis, nuclear mechanobiology, viral infections, and cancer metastasis. In 1976, fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP), which involves the monitoring of fluorescence emission recovery within a photobleached spot, was developed. FRAP allowed investigators to probe two-dimensional (2D) diffusion of fluorescently-labelled biomolecules. Since then, FRAP has been refined through the advancements of optics, charged-coupled-device (CCD) cameras, confocal microscopes, and molecular probes. FRAP is now a highly quantitative tool used for transport and kinetic studies in the cytosol, organelles, and membrane of a cell. In this work, the authors intend to provide a review of recent advances in FRAP. The authors include epifluorescence spot FRAP, total internal reflection (TIR)/FRAP, and confocal microscope-based FRAP. The underlying mathematical models are also described. Finally, our understanding of coupled transport and kinetics as determined by FRAP will be discussed and the potential for future advances suggested.
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Chen Q, Wang Q, Wang Y, Chu Y, Luo Y, You H, Su B, Li C, Guo Q, Sun T, Jiang C. Penetrating Micelle for Reversing Immunosuppression and Drug Resistance in Pancreatic Cancer Treatment. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2107712. [PMID: 35285149 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202107712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is on of the most lethal malignant tumors with relatively poor prognosis, characterized with insufficient drug penetration, low immune response and obvious drug resistances. The therapeutic inefficiency is multifactorially related to its specific tumor microenvironment (TME), which is representatively featured as rich stroma and immunosuppression. In this work, a versatile drug delivery system is developed that can coencapsulate two prodrugs modified from gemcitabine (GEM) and a signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) inhibitor (HJC0152), and the gradient pH variation is further sensed in the TME of PDAC to achieve a higher penetration by reversing its surficial charges. The escorted prodrugs can release GEM intracellularly, and respond to the hypoxic condition to yield the parental STAT3 inhibitor HJC0152, respectively. By inhibiting STAT3, the tumor immunosuppression microenvironment can be re-educated through the reversion of M2-like tumor associated macrophages (M2-TAMs), recruitment of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and downregulation of regulatory T cells (Treg s). Furthermore, cytidine deaminase (CDA) and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression can be downregulated, plus the lipid modification of GEM, the drug resistance of GEM can be greatly relieved. Based on the above design, a synergetic therapeutic efficacy in PDAC treatment can be achieved to provide more opportunity for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinjun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Ministry of Education), Minhang Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
| | - Qingbing Wang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Ministry of Education), Minhang Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
| | - Yongchao Chu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Ministry of Education), Minhang Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
| | - Yifan Luo
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Ministry of Education), Minhang Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
| | - Haoyu You
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Ministry of Education), Minhang Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
| | - Boyu Su
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Ministry of Education), Minhang Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
| | - Chao Li
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Ministry of Education), Minhang Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
| | - Qin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Ministry of Education), Minhang Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
| | - Tao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Ministry of Education), Minhang Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
| | - Chen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Ministry of Education), Minhang Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Research Center on Aging and Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, P. R. China
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Qian X, Xu X, Wu Y, Wang J, Li J, Chen S, Wen J, Li Y, Zhang Z. Strategies of engineering nanomedicines for tumor retention. J Control Release 2022; 346:193-211. [PMID: 35447297 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The retention of therapeutic agents in solid tumors at sufficient concentration and duration is crucial for their antitumor effects. Given the important contribution of nanomedicines to oncology, we herein summarized two major strategies of nanomedicines for tumor retention, such as transformation- and interactions-mediated strategies. The transformation-mediated retention strategy was achieved by enlarging particle size of nanomedicines or modulating the morphology into fibrous structures, while the interactions-mediated retention strategy was accomplished by modulating nanomedicines to promote their interactions with versatile cells or components in tumors. Moreover, we provide some considerations and perspectives of tumor-retaining nanomedicines for effective cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xindi Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jiaoying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shuo Chen
- School of Pharmacy, the University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Jingyuan Wen
- School of Pharmacy, the University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Yaping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China.; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai, Shandong 264117, China.
| | - Zhiwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China.; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Chen W, Cai X, Sun Q, Guo X, Liang C, Tang H, Huang H, Luo H, Chen L, Chen J. Design and synthesis of aptamer-cyclometalated iridium(III) complex conjugate targeting cancer cells. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 236:114335. [PMID: 35398732 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Targeted therapy showed broad application prospects in the treatment of various types of cancer. Through carriers such as aptamers, antibodies, proteins and peptides, targeted therapy can selectively deliver drugs into tumor cells. Compared with traditional treatment methods such as chemo- and radiotherapy, targeted drug delivery systems can reduce the toxic effects of drugs on normal cells and avoid adverse reactions. Herein, an aptamer-cyclometalated iridium(III) complex conjugate (ApIrC) has been designed and developed as a targeted anticancer agent. Owing to the targeting ability of aptamers, ApIrC specifically bound to nucleolin over-expressed on the surface of cancer cells and showed strong fluorescence signal for tumor imaging and diagnosis. ApIrC had more substantial cellular uptake in cancer cells than the iridium complex alone and exhibited favorable low toxicity to normal cells. After uptake by cells through endocytosis, ApIrC can selectively accumulated in mitochondria and induced caspase-3/7-dependent cell death. Remarkably, ApIrC can also specifically target 3D multicellular spheroids (MCSs) and show excellent tumor permeability. So, it can effectively reach the interior of MCSs and cause cell damage. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the aptamer-cyclometalated iridium(III) complex conjugate which studied for cancer targeted therapy. The developed conjugate has great potential to be developed as novel therapeutics for effective and low-toxic cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weigang Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524023, China
| | - Xianhong Cai
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524023, China
| | - Qiang Sun
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524023, China
| | - Xinhua Guo
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524023, China
| | - Chunmei Liang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524023, China
| | - Hong Tang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524023, China; The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524023, China; The Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524023, China
| | - Heming Huang
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524023, China
| | - Hui Luo
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524023, China; The Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524023, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524023, China
| | - Lanmei Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524023, China.
| | - Jincan Chen
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524023, China; The Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524023, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524023, China.
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Moharil P, Wan Z, Pardeshi A, Li J, Huang H, Luo Z, Rathod S, Zhang Z, Chen Y, Zhang B, Fernandez CA, Sun J, Li S. Engineering a folic acid-decorated ultrasmall gemcitabine nanocarrier for breast cancer therapy: Dual targeting of tumor cells and tumor-associated macrophages. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:1148-1162. [PMID: 35530140 PMCID: PMC9072252 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Combination of passive targeting with active targeting is a promising approach to improve the therapeutic efficacy of nanotherapy. However, most reported polymeric systems have sizes above 100 nm, which limits effective extravasation into tumors that are poorly vascularized and have dense stroma. This will, in turn, limit the overall effectiveness of the subsequent uptake by tumor cells via active targeting. In this study, we combined the passive targeting via ultra-small-sized gemcitabine (GEM)-based nanoparticles (NPs) with the active targeting provided by folic acid (FA) conjugation for enhanced dual targeted delivery to tumor cells and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). We developed an FA-modified prodrug carrier based on GEM (PGEM) to load doxorubicin (DOX), for co-delivery of GEM and DOX to tumors. The co-delivery system showed small particle size of ∼10 nm in diameter. The ligand-free and FA-targeted micelles showed comparable drug loading efficiency and a sustained DOX release profile. The FA-conjugated micelles effectively increased DOX uptake in cultured KB cancer cells that express a high level of folate receptor (FR), but no obvious increase was observed in 4T1.2 breast cancer cells that have a low-level expression of FR. Interestingly, in vivo, systemic delivery of FA-PGEM/DOX led to enhanced accumulation of the NPs in tumor and drastic reduction of tumor growth in a murine 4T1.2 breast cancer model. Mechanistic study showed that 4T1.2 tumor grown in mice expressed a significantly higher level of FOLR2, which was selectively expressed on TAMs. Thus, targeting of TAM may also contribute to the improved in vivo targeted delivery and therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Apurva Pardeshi
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Jiang Li
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Haozhe Huang
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Zhangyi Luo
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Sanjay Rathod
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Ziqian Zhang
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Yuang Chen
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Bei Zhang
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Christian A. Fernandez
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Jingjing Sun
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Song Li
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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Bordeau BM, Abuqayyas L, Nguyen TD, Chen P, Balthasar JP. Development and Evaluation of Competitive Inhibitors of Trastuzumab-HER2 Binding to Bypass the Binding-Site Barrier. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:837744. [PMID: 35250584 PMCID: PMC8895951 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.837744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Our group has developed and experimentally validated a strategy to increase antibody penetration in solid tumors through transient inhibition of antibody-antigen binding. In prior work, we demonstrated that 1HE, an anti-trastuzumab single domain antibody that transiently inhibits trastuzumab binding to HER2, increased the penetration of trastuzumab and increased the efficacy of ado-trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) in HER2+ xenograft bearing mice. In the present work, 1HE variants were developed using random mutagenesis and phage display to enable optimization of tumor penetration and efficacy of trastuzumab-based therapeutics. To guide the rational selection of a particular 1HE mutant for a specific trastuzumab-therapy, we developed a mechanistic pharmacokinetic (PK) model to predict within-tumor exposure of trastuzumab/T-DM1. A pharmacodynamic (PD) component was added to the model to predict the relationship between intratumor exposure to T-DM1 and the corresponding therapeutic effect in HER2+ xenografts. To demonstrate the utility of the competitive inhibition approach for immunotoxins, PK parameters specific for a recombinant immunotoxin were incorporated into the model structure. Dissociation half-lives for variants ranged from 1.1 h (for variant LG11) to 107.9 h (for variant HE10). Simulations predicted that 1HE co-administration can increase the tumor penetration of T-DM1, with inhibitors with longer trastuzumab binding half-lives relative to 1HE (15.5 h) further increasing T-DM1 penetration at the expense of total tumor uptake of T-DM1. The PK/PD model accurately predicted the response of NCI-N87 xenografts to treatment with T-DM1 or T-DM1 co-administered with 1HE. Model predictions indicate that the 1HE mutant HF9, with a trastuzumab binding half-life of 51.1 h, would be the optimal inhibitor for increasing T-DM1 efficacy with a modest extension in the median survival time relative to T-DM1 with 1HE. Model simulations predict that LG11 co-administration will dramatically increase immunotoxin penetration within all tumor regions. We expect that the mechanistic model structure and the wide range of inhibitors developed in this work will enable optimization of trastuzumab-cytotoxin penetration and efficacy in solid tumors.
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Stüber JC, Rechberger KF, Miladinović SM, Pöschinger T, Zimmermann T, Villenave R, Eigenmann MJ, Kraft TE, Shah DK, Kettenberger H, Richter WF. Impact of charge patches on tumor disposition and biodistribution of therapeutic antibodies. AAPS OPEN 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s41120-021-00048-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThis study explores the impact of antibody surface charge on tissue distribution into various tissues including tumor. Tumor-bearing mice were dosed intravenously with a mixture comprising three antibodies engineered to carry negative charge patches, a balanced charge distribution, or positive patches, respectively (cassette dosing). Tissue levels were analyzed with a specific LC-MS/MS method. In addition, the antibody mix was administered to non-tumor bearing mice. Muscle and skin interstitial fluid were obtained by centrifugation and analyzed by LC-MS/MS. An in vitro endothelium model was explored for its feasibility to mimic the observed distribution differences.A balanced charge distribution was optimal in terms of total tumor exposure, while in other tissues, negatively charged and balanced charged antibodies gave similar results. In contrast, positive charge patches generally resulted in increased serum clearance but markedly enhanced tumor and organ uptake, leading to higher tissue-to-serum ratios. The uptake and availability in the interstitial space were confirmed by specific assessment of antibody levels in the interstitial fluid of the muscle and skin, with similar charge impact as in total tissue. The in vitro model was able to differentiate the transport propensity of this series of antibody variants. In summary, our results show the differential effects of charge patches on an antibody surface on biodistribution and tumor uptake. These insights may help in the design of molecules with biodistribution properties tailored to their purpose, and an optimized safety profile.
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Harkos C, Svensson SF, Emblem KE, Stylianopoulos T. Inducing Biomechanical Heterogeneity in Brain Tumor Modeling by MR Elastography: Effects on Tumor Growth, Vascular Density and Delivery of Therapeutics. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14040884. [PMID: 35205632 PMCID: PMC8870149 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14040884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Biomechanical forces aggravate brain tumor progression. In this study, magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) is employed to extract tissue biomechanical properties from five glioblastoma patients and a healthy subject, and data are incorporated in a mathematical model that simulates tumor growth. Mathematical modeling enables further understanding of glioblastoma development and allows patient-specific predictions for tumor vascularity and delivery of drugs. Incorporating MRE data results in a more realistic intratumoral distribution of mechanical stress and anisotropic tumor growth and a better description of subsequent events that are closely related to the development of stresses, including heterogeneity of the tumor vasculature and intrapatient variations in tumor perfusion and delivery of drugs. Abstract The purpose of this study is to develop a methodology that incorporates a more accurate assessment of tissue mechanical properties compared to current mathematical modeling by use of biomechanical data from magnetic resonance elastography. The elastography data were derived from five glioblastoma patients and a healthy subject and used in a model that simulates tumor growth, vascular changes due to mechanical stresses and delivery of therapeutic agents. The model investigates the effect of tumor-specific biomechanical properties on tumor anisotropic growth, vascular density heterogeneity and chemotherapy delivery. The results showed that including elastography data provides a more realistic distribution of the mechanical stresses in the tumor and induces anisotropic tumor growth. Solid stress distribution differs among patients, which, in turn, induces a distinct functional vascular density distribution—owing to the compression of tumor vessels—and intratumoral drug distribution for each patient. In conclusion, incorporating elastography data results in a more accurate calculation of intratumoral mechanical stresses and enables a better mathematical description of subsequent events, such as the heterogeneous development of the tumor vasculature and intrapatient variations in tumor perfusion and delivery of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantinos Harkos
- Cancer Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 1678, Cyprus;
| | - Siri Fløgstad Svensson
- Division of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Department of Diagnostic Physics, Oslo University Hospital, 0372 Oslo, Norway; (S.F.S.); (K.E.E.)
- Department of Physics, The Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, 0371 Oslo, Norway
| | - Kyrre E. Emblem
- Division of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Department of Diagnostic Physics, Oslo University Hospital, 0372 Oslo, Norway; (S.F.S.); (K.E.E.)
| | - Triantafyllos Stylianopoulos
- Cancer Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 1678, Cyprus;
- Correspondence:
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Jin S, Sun Y, Liang X, Gu X, Ning J, Xu Y, Chen S, Pan L. Emerging new therapeutic antibody derivatives for cancer treatment. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:39. [PMID: 35132063 PMCID: PMC8821599 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00868-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies constitute a promising class of targeted anticancer agents that enhance natural immune system functions to suppress cancer cell activity and eliminate cancer cells. The successful application of IgG monoclonal antibodies has inspired the development of various types of therapeutic antibodies, such as antibody fragments, bispecific antibodies, and antibody derivatives (e.g., antibody–drug conjugates and immunocytokines). The miniaturization and multifunctionalization of antibodies are flexible and viable strategies for diagnosing or treating malignant tumors in a complex tumor environment. In this review, we summarize antibodies of various molecular types, antibody applications in cancer therapy, and details of clinical study advances. We also discuss the rationale and mechanism of action of various antibody formats, including antibody–drug conjugates, antibody–oligonucleotide conjugates, bispecific/multispecific antibodies, immunocytokines, antibody fragments, and scaffold proteins. With advances in modern biotechnology, well-designed novel antibodies are finally paving the way for successful treatments of various cancers, including precise tumor immunotherapy, in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Jin
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanping Sun
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Liang
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinyu Gu
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiangtao Ning
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingchun Xu
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuqing Chen
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China. .,Department of Precision Medicine on Tumor Therapeutics, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, 311200, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Liqiang Pan
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China. .,The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310003, Hangzhou, China. .,Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease of Zhejiang Province, 310003, Hangzhou, China.
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47
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Xu X, Wu Y, Qian X, Wang Y, Wang J, Li J, Li Y, Zhang Z. Nanomedicine Strategies to Circumvent Intratumor Extracellular Matrix Barriers for Cancer Therapy. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2101428. [PMID: 34706400 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202101428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The dense and heterogeneous physical network of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in tumors represents a formidable barrier that limits intratumor drug delivery and the therapeutic efficacy of many anticancer therapies. Here, the two major nanomedicine strategies to circumvent intratumor ECM barriers: regulating the physiochemical properties of nanomedicines and remodeling the components and structure of the ECM are summarized. Nanomedicines can be rationally regulated by optimizing physiochemical properties or designed with biomimetic features to promote ECM permeation capability. Meanwhile, they can also be designed to remodel the ECM by modulating signaling pathways or destroying the components and architecture of the ECM via chemical, biological, or physical treatments. These efforts produce profound improvements in intratumor drug delivery and anticancer efficacy. Moreover, to aid in their anticancer efficacy, feasible approaches for improving ECM-circumventing nanomedicines are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201203 China
- School of Pharmacy University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 19A Yuqian Road Beijing 100049 China
| | - Yao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Xindi Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201203 China
- School of Pharmacy University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 19A Yuqian Road Beijing 100049 China
| | - Yuqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Jiaoying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Jie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Yaping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201203 China
- School of Pharmacy University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 19A Yuqian Road Beijing 100049 China
| | - Zhiwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research & Center of Pharmaceutics Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201203 China
- School of Pharmacy University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 19A Yuqian Road Beijing 100049 China
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine & Advanced Preparations Yantai Institute of Materia Medica Shandong 264000 China
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48
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Souri M, Soltani M, Moradi Kashkooli F, Kiani Shahvandi M, Chiani M, Shariati FS, Mehrabi MR, Munn LL. Towards principled design of cancer nanomedicine to accelerate clinical translation. Mater Today Bio 2022; 13:100208. [PMID: 35198957 PMCID: PMC8841842 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology in medical applications, especially in oncology as drug delivery systems, has recently shown promising results. However, although these advances have been promising in the pre-clinical stages, the clinical translation of this technology is challenging. To create drug delivery systems with increased treatment efficacy for clinical translation, the physicochemical characteristics of nanoparticles such as size, shape, elasticity (flexibility/rigidity), surface chemistry, and surface charge can be specified to optimize efficiency for a given application. Consequently, interdisciplinary researchers have focused on producing biocompatible materials, production technologies, or new formulations for efficient loading, and high stability. The effects of design parameters can be studied in vitro, in vivo, or using computational models, with the goal of understanding how they affect nanoparticle biophysics and their interactions with cells. The present review summarizes the advances and technologies in the production and design of cancer nanomedicines to achieve clinical translation and commercialization. We also highlight existing challenges and opportunities in the field.
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Key Words
- CFL, Cell-free layer
- CGMD, Coarse-grained molecular dynamic
- Clinical translation
- DPD, Dissipative particle dynamic
- Drug delivery
- Drug loading
- ECM, Extracellular matrix
- EPR, Permeability and retention
- IFP, Interstitial fluid pressure
- MD, Molecular dynamic
- MDR, Multidrug resistance
- MEC, Minimum effective concentration
- MMPs, Matrix metalloproteinases
- MPS, Mononuclear phagocyte system
- MTA, Multi-tadpole assemblies
- MTC, Minimum toxic concentration
- Nanomedicine
- Nanoparticle design
- RBC, Red blood cell
- TAF, Tumor-associated fibroblast
- TAM, Tumor-associated macrophage
- TIMPs, Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases
- TME, Tumor microenvironment
- Tumor microenvironment
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Souri
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - M. Soltani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, ON, Canada
- Centre for Biotechnology and Bioengineering (CBB), University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
- Advanced Bioengineering Initiative Center, Computational Medicine Center, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Mohsen Chiani
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Lance L. Munn
- Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
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Xu XL, Zhang NN, Shu GF, Liu D, Qi J, Jin FY, Ji JS, Du YZ. A Luminol-Based Self-Illuminating Nanocage as a Reactive Oxygen Species Amplifier to Enhance Deep Tumor Penetration and Synergistic Therapy. ACS NANO 2021; 15:19394-19408. [PMID: 34806870 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c05891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The dense extracellular matrix (ECM) in tumor tissues resists drug diffusion into tumors and leads to a poor prognosis. To address this problem, glucose oxidase (GOx)-modified ferritin loaded with luminol-curcumin was fabricated. Once delivered to the tumor, this luminol-based self-illuminating nanocage could actively convert glucose to reactive oxygen species (ROS) to achieve starvation therapy. Then, excessive ROS were transmitted to luminol, thereby emitting 425 nm blue-violet light. Momentarily, light was further absorbed by curcumin and ROS production was amplified. Abundant ROS helps break down the ECM network to penetrate deep into tumors. In addition, ROS produced after cell internalization can induce apoptosis of tumor cells by decreasing the mitochondrial membrane potential and can promote ferroptosis by consuming reduced glutathione. Effective penetration and multiple pathways inducing tumor cell death contributed to the efficient antitumor effect (tumor inhibition rate of GOx-modified ferritin loaded with luminol-curcumin: 71.73%). This study developed a glucose-driven self-illuminating nanocage for active tumor penetration via ROS-mediated destruction of the ECM and provided the synergetic mechanism of apoptosis and ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ling Xu
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Nan-Nan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, Lishui 323000, China
| | - Gao-Feng Shu
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, Lishui 323000, China
| | - Di Liu
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Jing Qi
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Fei-Yang Jin
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Jian-Song Ji
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, Lishui 323000, China
| | - Yong-Zhong Du
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
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Habanjar O, Diab-Assaf M, Caldefie-Chezet F, Delort L. 3D Cell Culture Systems: Tumor Application, Advantages, and Disadvantages. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12200. [PMID: 34830082 PMCID: PMC8618305 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The traditional two-dimensional (2D) in vitro cell culture system (on a flat support) has long been used in cancer research. However, this system cannot be fully translated into clinical trials to ideally represent physiological conditions. This culture cannot mimic the natural tumor microenvironment due to the lack of cellular communication (cell-cell) and interaction (cell-cell and cell-matrix). To overcome these limitations, three-dimensional (3D) culture systems are increasingly developed in research and have become essential for tumor research, tissue engineering, and basic biology research. 3D culture has received much attention in the field of biomedicine due to its ability to mimic tissue structure and function. The 3D matrix presents a highly dynamic framework where its components are deposited, degraded, or modified to delineate functions and provide a platform where cells attach to perform their specific functions, including adhesion, proliferation, communication, and apoptosis. So far, various types of models belong to this culture: either the culture based on natural or synthetic adherent matrices used to design 3D scaffolds as biomaterials to form a 3D matrix or based on non-adherent and/or matrix-free matrices to form the spheroids. In this review, we first summarize a comparison between 2D and 3D cultures. Then, we focus on the different components of the natural extracellular matrix that can be used as supports in 3D culture. Then we detail different types of natural supports such as matrigel, hydrogels, hard supports, and different synthetic strategies of 3D matrices such as lyophilization, electrospiding, stereolithography, microfluid by citing the advantages and disadvantages of each of them. Finally, we summarize the different methods of generating normal and tumor spheroids, citing their respective advantages and disadvantages in order to obtain an ideal 3D model (matrix) that retains the following characteristics: better biocompatibility, good mechanical properties corresponding to the tumor tissue, degradability, controllable microstructure and chemical components like the tumor tissue, favorable nutrient exchange and easy separation of the cells from the matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola Habanjar
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH-Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (O.H.); (F.C.-C.)
| | - Mona Diab-Assaf
- Equipe Tumorigénèse Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Anticancéreuse, Faculté des Sciences II, Université Libanaise Fanar, Beyrouth 1500, Liban;
| | - Florence Caldefie-Chezet
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH-Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (O.H.); (F.C.-C.)
| | - Laetitia Delort
- Université Clermont-Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH-Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (O.H.); (F.C.-C.)
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