1
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Watanabe Y, Watanabe T, Yamaguchi Y. Anti-SS-A antibody is a potential predictor of severe Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis: A retrospective cohort study. J Am Acad Dermatol 2024; 90:385-387. [PMID: 37778660 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2023.09.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Watanabe
- Department of Environmental Immuno-Dermatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tomoya Watanabe
- Department of Environmental Immuno-Dermatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yukie Yamaguchi
- Department of Environmental Immuno-Dermatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.
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2
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Driedonks TAP, Ressel S, Tran Ngoc Minh T, Buck AH, Nolte‐‘t Hoen ENM. Intracellular localisation and extracellular release of Y RNA and Y RNA binding proteins. JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 3:e123. [PMID: 38938676 PMCID: PMC11080805 DOI: 10.1002/jex2.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Cells can communicate via the release and uptake of extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are nano-sized membrane vesicles that can transfer protein and RNA cargo between cells. EVs contain microRNAs and various other types of non-coding RNA, of which Y RNA is among the most abundant types. Studies on how RNAs and their binding proteins are sorted into EVs have mainly focused on comparing intracellular (cytoplasmic) levels of these RNAs to the extracellular levels in EVs. Besides overall transcriptional levels that may regulate sorting of RNAs into EVs, the process may also be driven by local intracellular changes in RNA/RBP concentrations. Changes in extracellular Y RNA have been linked to cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Although the loading of RNA cargo into EVs is generally thought to be influenced by cellular stimuli and regulated by RNA binding proteins (RBP), little is known about Y RNA shuttling into EVs. We previously reported that immune stimulation alters the levels of Y RNA in EVs independently of cytosolic Y RNA levels. This suggests that Y RNA binding proteins, and/or changes in the local Y RNA concentration at EV biogenesis sites, may affect Y RNA incorporation into EVs. Here, we investigated the subcellular distribution of Y RNA and Y RNA binding proteins in activated and non-activated THP1 macrophages. We demonstrate that Y RNA and its main binding protein Ro60 abundantly co-fractionate in organelles involved in EV biogenesis and in EVs. Cellular activation led to an increase in Y RNA concentration at EV biogenesis sites and this correlated with increased EV-associated levels of Y RNA and Ro60. These results suggest that Y RNA incorporation into EVs may be controlled by local intracellular changes in the concentration of Y RNA and their protein binding partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom A. P. Driedonks
- Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Fac. Veterinary MedicineUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Department CDL ResearchUniversity Medical Centre UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Sarah Ressel
- Institute of Immunology & Infection Research, School of Biological SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Thi Tran Ngoc Minh
- Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Fac. Veterinary MedicineUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Centre for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Amy H. Buck
- Institute of Immunology & Infection Research, School of Biological SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Esther N. M. Nolte‐‘t Hoen
- Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Fac. Veterinary MedicineUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
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3
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Li S, Luo Q, Fan Y, Zhao C, Huang F, Xia X, Chen W. Clinicopathological Characteristics and Prognosis of Lupus Nephritis Patients with Acute Kidney Injury. Am J Nephrol 2023; 54:536-545. [PMID: 37708856 DOI: 10.1159/000533847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common in lupus nephritis (LN) and a risk factor for chronic kidney failure. Here, we aimed to assess the characteristics and prognosis of LN patients with AKI. METHODS AKI and AKI severity stages in LN patients were defined by the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) classification. Long-term renal outcomes and patient mortality between different stages of AKI were compared by Cox regression analysis. RESULTS Of 1272 LN patients, 225 (17.69%) had AKI and 72 (5.66%) were AKI stage 3. Compared with the non-AKI group, the proportion of male patients was significantly higher in the AKI group (p = 0.002). In addition, there were markedly higher proportions of hematologic system damage, more severe renal manifestations, and higher Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) scores in the AKI group than in the non-AKI group. The active and chronic lesions in renal biopsy were significantly higher in LN patients with AKI than those without AKI. During a median follow-up of 53 months, Kaplan-Meier curve showed that LN patients with AKI stage 3 had significantly poorer long-term renal outcomes (p = 0.002) and patient survival (p < 0.001) than those without AKI. Furthermore, AKI stage 3, but not stage 1 or 2 was significantly associated with adverse renal outcomes (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.52, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01-6.28, p = 0.048) and all-cause mortality (HR = 2.80, 95% CI: 1.18-6.61, p = 0.019) in LN patients. In patients with AKI, increased baseline serum creatinine and severe glomerular sclerosis were independent risk factors for worse renal outcomes, while higher blood pressure, increased baseline serum creatinine, and anti-Sjogren's syndrome A positivity could indicate poor survival. DISCUSSION LN patients with AKI stage 3, but not stages 1 and 2, have poorer long-term renal outcomes and patient survival. Our study demonstrates the importance of early identification and management of AKI in LN patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchun Li
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (Sun Yat-Sen University) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qimei Luo
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (Sun Yat-Sen University) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuting Fan
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (Sun Yat-Sen University) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chen Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (Sun Yat-Sen University) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengxian Huang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (Sun Yat-Sen University) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xi Xia
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (Sun Yat-Sen University) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (Sun Yat-Sen University) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou, China
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4
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Jeandard D, Smirnova A, Fasemore AM, Coudray L, Entelis N, Förstner K, Tarassov I, Smirnov A. CoLoC-seq probes the global topology of organelle transcriptomes. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 51:e16. [PMID: 36537202 PMCID: PMC9943681 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac1183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Proper RNA localisation is essential for physiological gene expression. Various kinds of genome-wide approaches permit to comprehensively profile subcellular transcriptomes. Among them, cell fractionation methods, that couple RNase treatment of isolated organelles to the sequencing of protected transcripts, remain most widely used, mainly because they do not require genetic modification of the studied system and can be easily implemented in any cells or tissues, including in non-model species. However, they suffer from numerous false-positives since incompletely digested contaminant RNAs can still be captured and erroneously identified as resident transcripts. Here we introduce Controlled Level of Contamination coupled to deep sequencing (CoLoC-seq) as a new subcellular transcriptomics approach that efficiently bypasses this caveat. CoLoC-seq leverages classical enzymatic kinetics and tracks the depletion dynamics of transcripts in a gradient of an exogenously added RNase, with or without organellar membranes. By means of straightforward mathematical modelling, CoLoC-seq infers the localisation topology of RNAs and robustly distinguishes between genuinely resident, luminal transcripts and merely abundant surface-attached contaminants. Our generic approach performed well on human mitochondria and is in principle applicable to other membrane-bounded organelles, including plastids, compartments of the vacuolar system, extracellular vesicles, and viral particles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Léna Coudray
- UMR7156 – Génétique Moléculaire, Génomique, Microbiologie (GMGM), University of Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg, F-67000, France
| | - Nina Entelis
- UMR7156 – Génétique Moléculaire, Génomique, Microbiologie (GMGM), University of Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg, F-67000, France
| | - Konrad U Förstner
- ZB MED – Information Centre for Life Sciences, Cologne, D-50931, Germany,TH Köln – University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Information Science and Communication Studies, Institute of Information Science, Cologne, D-50678, Germany
| | - Ivan Tarassov
- UMR7156 – Génétique Moléculaire, Génomique, Microbiologie (GMGM), University of Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg, F-67000, France
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5
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Maz MP, Martens JWS, Hannoudi A, Reddy AL, Hile GA, Kahlenberg JM. Recent advances in cutaneous lupus. J Autoimmun 2022; 132:102865. [PMID: 35858957 PMCID: PMC10082587 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2022.102865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) is an inflammatory and autoimmune skin condition that affects patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and exists as an isolated entity without associated SLE. Flares of CLE, often triggered by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light result in lost productivity and poor quality of life for patients and can be associated with trigger of systemic inflammation. In the past 10 years, the knowledge of CLE etiopathogenesis has grown, leading to promising targets for better therapies. Development of lesions likely begins in a pro-inflammatory epidermis, conditioned by excess type I interferon (IFN) production to undergo increased cell death and inflammatory cytokine production after UV light exposure. The reasons for this inflammatory predisposition are not well-understood, but may be an early event, as ANA + patients without criteria for autoimmune disease exhibit similar (although less robust) findings. Non-lesional skin of SLE patients also exhibits increased innate immune cell infiltration, conditioned by excess IFNs to release pro-inflammatory cytokines, and potentially increase activation of the adaptive immune system. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells are also found in non-lesional skin and may contribute to type I IFN production, although this finding is now being questioned by new data. Once the inflammatory cycle begins, lesional infiltration by numerous other cell populations ensues, including IFN-educated T cells. The heterogeneity amongst lesional CLE subtypes isn't fully understood, but B cells appear to discriminate discoid lupus erythematosus from other subtypes. Continued discovery will provide novel targets for additional therapeutic pursuits. This review will comprehensively discuss the contributions of tissue-specific and immune cell populations to the initiation and propagation of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra P Maz
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Program in Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jacob W S Martens
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Program in Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Andrew Hannoudi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Alayka L Reddy
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Grace A Hile
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - J Michelle Kahlenberg
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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6
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Validation of a commercial line blot for the detection of serum anti-Ro60 autoantibodies. Pathology 2022; 54:900-903. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2022.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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7
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A Mechanistic Insight into the Pathogenic Role of Interleukin 17A in Systemic Autoimmune Diseases. Mediators Inflamm 2022; 2022:6600264. [PMID: 35620115 PMCID: PMC9129985 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6600264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 17A (IL-17A) has been put forward as a strong ally in our fight against invading pathogens across exposed epithelial surfaces by serving an antimicrobial immunosurveillance role in these tissues to protect the barrier integrity. Amongst other mechanisms that prevent tissue injury mediated by potential microbial threats and promote restoration of epithelial homeostasis, IL-17A attracts effector cells to the site of inflammation and support the host response by driving the development of ectopic lymphoid structures. Accumulating evidence now underscores an integral role of IL-17A in driving the pathophysiology and clinical manifestations in three potentially life-threatening autoimmune diseases, namely, systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjögren’s syndrome, and systemic sclerosis. Available studies provide convincing evidence that the abundance of IL-17A in target tissues and its prime source, which is T helper 17 cells (Th17) and double negative T cells (DNT), is not an innocent bystander but in fact seems to be prerequisite for organ pathology. In this regard, IL-17A has been directly implicated in critical steps of autoimmunity. This review reports on the synergistic interactions of IL-17A with other critical determinants such as B cells, neutrophils, stromal cells, and the vasculature that promote the characteristic immunopathology of these autoimmune diseases. The summary of observations provided by this review may have empowering implications for IL-17A-based strategies to prevent clinical manifestations in a broad spectrum of autoimmune conditions.
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8
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Pereira MS, Redanz S, Kriegel MA. Skin Deep: The Role of the Microbiota in Cutaneous Autoimmunity. J Invest Dermatol 2022; 142:834-840. [PMID: 35027173 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The skin microbiota is thought to possibly contribute to the pathogenesis of skin autoimmune diseases. The gut microbiota affects systemically the development and function of the immune system, thereby potentially influencing cutaneous autoimmunity as well. In this paper, we review the role of the gut and skin microbiota in cutaneous autoimmune diseases. Besides direct inflammatory effects at the skin barrier, microbiota may contribute to the pathogenesis of skin autoimmune diseases by metabolites, recall immune cell responses, and permeation of antigens to the subepidermal space. Skin and gut barrier dysfunction may represent a common pathophysiologic process allowing microbiota or its particles to promote autoimmune diseases at barrier surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcia S Pereira
- Department of Translational Rheumatology and Immunology, Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Sylvio Redanz
- Department of Translational Rheumatology and Immunology, Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Martin A Kriegel
- Department of Translational Rheumatology and Immunology, Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany; Section of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany; Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
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9
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Veenbergen S, Kozmar A, van Daele PL, Schreurs MW. Autoantibodies in Sjögren's syndrome and its classification criteria. J Transl Autoimmun 2021; 5:100138. [PMID: 35024595 PMCID: PMC8728464 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtauto.2021.100138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by immune-mediated injury of exocrine glands. Extensive lymphocytic infiltrates may contribute to the destruction and loss of secretory function of glands. B-cell hyperactivity is a key feature of the disease resulting in the production of a diverse array of autoantibodies in these patients. Although not specific for SS, anti-Ro/SSA and anti-La/SSB antibodies have been useful biomarkers for disease classification and diagnosis. During recent years, novel autoantibodies have been discovered in SS. In this review, we summarize the historical role and clinical relevance that autoantibodies have played in the classification criteria of Sjögren's syndrome, discuss laboratory aspects in antibody detection and review the role of novel autoantibodies in predicting particular stages of the disease, clinical phenotypes and long-term complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Veenbergen
- Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ana Kozmar
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital Center Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Paul L.A. van Daele
- Department of Internal Medicine, Allergology & Clinical Immunology, Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marco W.J. Schreurs
- Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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10
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Lupus band test can be used in combination with anti-chromatin antibodies and complement analysis to predict transition from cutaneous to systemic lupus. Clin Immunol 2021; 234:108908. [PMID: 34896318 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2021.108908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The lupus band test (LBT) is frequently performed for patients with lupus erythematosus (LE) but its capacity to discriminate cutaneous (C)LE from systemic (S)LE is debated, as well as its association with serum antinuclear antibodies (ANA) and complement reduction. Among 158 patients, 56 received retrospectively a diagnosis of CLE, 37 have SLE and 65 other skin disorders. Considering 29 clinical, histopathologic, LBT, and serological parameters: 5 parameters were effective in distinguishing LE from other skin disorders (e.g. skin photosensitivity, LBT positivity, basal vacuolar changes, thickening of the basement membrane, and anti-SSA-60 kDa); and 8 parameters were able to separate SLE from CLE (e.g. arthritis, lupus nephritis, hematological manifestations, Raynaud/sicca manifestations, anti-chromatin, anti-dsDNA, and low levels of C3/4). A positive LBT was further determined to be associated with systemic manifestations when associated with anti-chromatin response and complement reduction in the profile of patients evolving to a systemic form of lupus.
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11
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Lee AYS, Reed JH, Gordon TP. Anti-Ro60 and anti-Ro52/TRIM21: Two distinct autoantibodies in systemic autoimmune diseases. J Autoimmun 2021; 124:102724. [PMID: 34464814 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2021.102724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
As iconic and important diagnostic autoantibodies, anti-Ro60 and anti-Ro52/tri-partite motif-containing 21 (TRIM21) make a common appearance in a number of systemic autoimmune disorders such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). These autoantibodies often co-exist together; yet despite their close relationship, there is no evidence that they are physically linked and probably reflect a convergence of separate processes of failed immunological tolerance. Confusingly, they are sometimes classed together as the "SSA" or "Ro" autoantibody system without clear distinction between the two. In this Short Communication, we discuss the diagnostic merits for separate detection and reporting of these two autoantibodies, and discuss avenues for future research. Indeed, further insight into their fascinating origins and pathogenic roles in autoimmunity will surely shed light on how we can prevent and treat devastating autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Y S Lee
- Department of Immunology, Westmead Hospital & ICPMR, Westmead, NSW, Australia; Westmead Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia.
| | - Joanne H Reed
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Tom P Gordon
- Department of Immunology, SA Pathology and Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, SA, Australia; Department of Immunology, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
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12
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Zorn P, Misiak D, Gekle M, Köhn M. Identification and initial characterization of POLIII-driven transcripts by msRNA-sequencing. RNA Biol 2021; 18:1807-1817. [PMID: 33404286 PMCID: PMC8583065 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2020.1871216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are powerful regulators of gene expression but medium-sized (50–300 nts in length) ncRNAs (msRNAs) are barely picked-up precisely by RNA-sequencing. Here we describe msRNA-sequencing (msRNAseq), a modified protocol that associated with a computational analyses pipeline identified about ~1800 msRNA loci, including over 300 putatively novel msRNAs, in human and murine cells. We focused on the identification and initial characterization of three POLIII-derived transcripts. The validation of these uncharacterized msRNAs identified an ncRNA in antisense orientation from the POLR3E locus transcribed by POLIII. This msRNA, termed POLAR (POLR3E Antisense RNA), has a strikingly short half-life, localizes to paraspeckles (PSPs) and associates with PSP-associated proteins indicating that msRNAseq identifies functional msRNAs. Thus, our analyses will pave the way for analysing the roles of msRNAs in cells, development and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Danny Misiak
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Michael Gekle
- Julius-Bernstein-Institute of Physiology, University of Halle-Wittenberg, Germany
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13
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Lee AYS, Beroukas D, Brown L, Lucchesi C, Kaur A, Gyedu L, Hughes N, Ng YH, Saran O, Gordon TP, Wang JJ. Identification of a unique anti-Ro60 subset with restricted serological and molecular profiles. Clin Exp Immunol 2020; 203:13-21. [PMID: 32852779 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-Ro60 is one of the most common and clinically important serum autoantibodies that has a number of diagnostic and predictive capabilities. Most diagnostic laboratories report this simply as a qualitative positive/negative result. The objective of this study was to examine the clinical and serological relevance of a novel subset of anti-Ro60 in patients who display low levels of anti-Ro60 (anti-Ro60low ). We retrospectively identified anti-Ro60 sera during a 12-month period at a major immunopathology diagnostic laboratory in Australia. These all were anti-Ro60-precipitin-positive on the diagnostic gold standard counter-immuno-electrophoresis (CIEP). Lineblot immunoassay was used to stratify patients into either anti-Ro60low or anti-Ro60high subsets. We compared the medical and laboratory parameters associated with each group. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and mass spectrometry techniques were used to analyse the serological and molecular basis behind the two subsets. Anti-Ro60low patients displayed less serological activity than anti-Ro60high patients with less intermolecular spreading, hypergammaglobulinaemia and less tendency to undergo anti-Ro60 isotype-switching than anti-Ro60high patients. Mass spectrometric typing of the anti-Ro60low subset showed restricted variable heavy chain subfamily usage and amino acid point mutations. This subset also displayed clinical relevance, being present in a number of patients with systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARD). We identify a novel anti-Ro60low patient subset that is distinct from anti-Ro60high patients serologically and molecularly. It is not clear whether they arise from common or separate origins; however, they probably have different developmental pathways to account for the stark difference in immunological maturity. We hence demonstrate significance to anti-Ro60low and justify accurate detection in the diagnostic laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Y S Lee
- Department of Immunology, SA Pathology and Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, SA, Australia.,College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - D Beroukas
- Department of Immunology, SA Pathology and Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, SA, Australia.,College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - L Brown
- Department of Immunology, SA Pathology and Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - C Lucchesi
- Department of Immunology, SA Pathology and Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - A Kaur
- Department of Immunology, SA Pathology and Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - L Gyedu
- Department of Immunology, SA Pathology and Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - N Hughes
- Department of Immunology, SA Pathology and Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - Y H Ng
- Department of Immunology, SA Pathology and Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - O Saran
- Department of Immunology, SA Pathology and Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - T P Gordon
- Department of Immunology, SA Pathology and Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, SA, Australia.,College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - J J Wang
- Department of Immunology, SA Pathology and Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, SA, Australia.,College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
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14
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Leng Y, Sim S, Magidson V, Wolin SL. Noncoding Y RNAs regulate the levels, subcellular distribution and protein interactions of their Ro60 autoantigen partner. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:6919-6930. [PMID: 32469055 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Noncoding Y RNAs are abundant in animal cells and present in many bacteria. These RNAs are bound and stabilized by Ro60, a ring-shaped protein that is a target of autoantibodies in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Studies in bacteria revealed that Y RNA tethers Ro60 to a ring-shaped exoribonuclease, forming a double-ringed RNP machine specialized for structured RNA degradation. In addition to functioning as a tether, the bacterial RNA gates access of substrates to the Ro60 cavity. To identify roles for Y RNAs in mammals, we used CRISPR to generate mouse embryonic stem cells lacking one or both of the two murine Y RNAs. Despite reports that animal cell Y RNAs are essential for DNA replication, cells lacking these RNAs divide normally. However, Ro60 levels are reduced, revealing that Y RNA binding is required for Ro60 to accumulate to wild-type levels. Y RNAs regulate the subcellular location of Ro60, since Ro60 is reduced in the cytoplasm and increased in nucleoli when Y RNAs are absent. Last, we show that Y RNAs tether Ro60 to diverse effector proteins to generate specialized RNPs. Together, our data demonstrate that the roles of Y RNAs are intimately connected to that of their Ro60 partner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Leng
- RNA Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Soyeong Sim
- RNA Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Valentin Magidson
- Optical Microscopy and Analysis Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Sandra L Wolin
- RNA Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
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15
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Abstract
Ro60 ribonucleoproteins (RNPs), composed of the ring-shaped Ro 60-kDa (Ro60) protein and noncoding RNAs called Y RNAs, are present in all three domains of life. Ro60 was first described as an autoantigen in patients with rheumatic disease, and Ro60 orthologs have been identified in 3% to 5% of bacterial genomes, spanning the majority of phyla. Their functions have been characterized primarily in Deinococcus radiodurans, the first sequenced bacterium with a recognizable ortholog. In D. radiodurans, the Ro60 ortholog enhances the ability of 3'-to-5' exoribonucleases to degrade structured RNA during several forms of environmental stress. Y RNAs are regulators that inhibit or allow the interactions of Ro60 with other proteins and RNAs. Studies of Ro60 RNPs in other bacteria hint at additional functions, since the most conserved Y RNA contains a domain that is a close tRNA mimic and Ro60 RNPs are often encoded adjacent to components of RNA repair systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyeong Sim
- RNA Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA; , , ,
| | - Kevin Hughes
- RNA Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA; , , ,
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
| | - Xinguo Chen
- RNA Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA; , , ,
| | - Sandra L Wolin
- RNA Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA; , , ,
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16
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Popescu MR, Dudu A, Jurcut C, Ciobanu AM, Zagrean AM, Panaitescu AM. A Broader Perspective on Anti-Ro Antibodies and Their Fetal Consequences-A Case Report and Literature Review. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:E478. [PMID: 32674462 PMCID: PMC7399931 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10070478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of maternal Anti-Ro/Anti-La antibodies causes a passively acquired autoimmunity that may be associated with serious fetal complications. The classic example is the autoimmune-mediated congenital heart block (CHB) which is due in most cases to the transplacental passage of Anti-Ro/Anti-La antibodies. The exact mechanisms through which these pathologic events arise are linked to disturbances in calcium channels function, impairment of calcium homeostasis and ultimately apoptosis, inflammation and fibrosis. CHB still represents a challenging diagnosis and a source of debate regarding the best management. As the third-degree block is usually irreversible, the best strategy is risk awareness and prevention. Although CHB is a rare occurrence, it affects one in 20,000 live births, with a high overall mortality rate (up to 20%, with 70% of in utero deaths). There is also concern over the lifelong consequences, as most babies need a pacemaker. This review aims to offer, apart from the data needed for a better understanding of the issue at hand, a broader perspective of the specialists directly involved in managing this pathology: the rheumatologist, the maternal-fetal specialist and the cardiologist. To better illustrate the theoretical facts presented, we also include a representative clinical case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela Roxana Popescu
- Cardiology Department, Elias University Hospital, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 011461 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andreea Dudu
- Internal Medicine Department, “Dr Carol Davila” Central Emergency University Military Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania; (A.D.); (C.J.)
| | - Ciprian Jurcut
- Internal Medicine Department, “Dr Carol Davila” Central Emergency University Military Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania; (A.D.); (C.J.)
| | - Anca Marina Ciobanu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Filantropia Clinical Hospital, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 011171 Bucharest, Romania; (A.M.C.); (A.M.P.)
| | - Ana-Maria Zagrean
- Division of Physiology and Neuroscience, Department of Functional Sciences, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Anca Maria Panaitescu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Filantropia Clinical Hospital, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 011171 Bucharest, Romania; (A.M.C.); (A.M.P.)
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17
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Sun Y, Zhou C, Zhao J, Wang Q, Xu D, Zhang S, Shen M, Hou Y, Tian X, Li M, Zeng X. Systemic lupus erythematosus-associated diffuse alveolar hemorrhage: a single-center, matched case-control study in China. Lupus 2020; 29:795-803. [PMID: 32321345 DOI: 10.1177/0961203320920715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study described clinical characteristics and outcome in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients with diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH), and investigated risk factors and prognostic factors for DAH. METHODS We conducted a retrospective nested case-control analysis in a single-center cohort. We enrolled 94 SLE patients with DAH. For each case of DAH, two age-, sex-, and SLE courses-matched controls were randomly selected from our cohort. All patients were enrolled between 2004 and 2019 and were followed until death, end of registration with the physician's practice, or end of January 2019. We estimated the risk factors for DAH and prognostic factors for mortality using multivariate analysis. RESULTS We included 4744 patients diagnosed with SLE, with 94 cases of DAH, for an incidence rate of 2.0%. DAH may occur in any stage of SLE but mostly in the early phase of disease course. Lupus nephritis (LN) was the most common concomitant involvement at DAH diagnosis. By multivariate analysis, LN, anti-SSA positivity, thrombocytopenia and elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) were significantly associated with DAH in SLE patients. All-cause mortality was increased in SLE with DAH compared with SLE without DAH (adjusted hazard ratio 6.0, 95% confidence interval 2.8-13.0, p < 0.0001). Intravenous cyclophosphamide (CTX) showed an increased tendency for better survival in DAH after adjusting for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000, acute kidney injury and mechanical ventilation. CONCLUSIONS LN, anti-SSA positivity, thrombocytopenia and elevated CRP were independent risk factors of DAH in lupus patients. Due to a high early death rate of DAH and little long-term damage, DAH patients may benefit from early diagnosis and intensive treatment, and CTX-based therapy can be a preferential choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiduo Sun
- Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Cong Zhou
- Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Jiuliang Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Xu
- Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Shangzhu Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Min Shen
- Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Hou
- Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xinping Tian
- Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Mengtao Li
- Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zeng
- Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Beijing, China
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18
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Valkov N, Das S. Y RNAs: Biogenesis, Function and Implications for the Cardiovascular System. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1229:327-342. [PMID: 32285422 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-1671-9_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, progress in the field of high-throughput sequencing technology and its application to a wide variety of biological specimens has greatly advanced the discovery and cataloging of a diverse set of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) that have been found to have unexpected biological functions. Y RNAs are an emerging class of highly conserved, small ncRNAs. There is a growing number of reports in the literature demonstrating that Y RNAs and their fragments are not just random degradation products but are themselves bioactive molecules. This review will outline what is currently known about Y RNA including biogenesis, structure and functional roles. In addition, we will provide an overview of studies reporting the presence and functions attributed to Y RNAs in the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nedyalka Valkov
- Cardiovascular Research Center of Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Saumya Das
- Cardiovascular Research Center of Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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19
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Greiling TM, Dehner C, Chen X, Hughes K, Iñiguez AJ, Boccitto M, Ruiz DZ, Renfroe SC, Vieira SM, Ruff WE, Sim S, Kriegel C, Glanternik J, Chen X, Girardi M, Degnan P, Costenbader KH, Goodman AL, Wolin SL, Kriegel MA. Commensal orthologs of the human autoantigen Ro60 as triggers of autoimmunity in lupus. Sci Transl Med 2019; 10:10/434/eaan2306. [PMID: 29593104 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aan2306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The earliest autoantibodies in lupus are directed against the RNA binding autoantigen Ro60, but the triggers against this evolutionarily conserved antigen remain elusive. We identified Ro60 orthologs in a subset of human skin, oral, and gut commensal bacterial species and confirmed the presence of these orthologs in patients with lupus and healthy controls. Thus, we hypothesized that commensal Ro60 orthologs may trigger autoimmunity via cross-reactivity in genetically susceptible individuals. Sera from human anti-Ro60-positive lupus patients immunoprecipitated commensal Ro60 ribonucleoproteins. Human Ro60 autoantigen-specific CD4 memory T cell clones from lupus patients were activated by skin and mucosal Ro60-containing bacteria, supporting T cell cross-reactivity in humans. Further, germ-free mice spontaneously initiated anti-human Ro60 T and B cell responses and developed glomerular immune complex deposits after monocolonization with a Ro60 ortholog-containing gut commensal, linking anti-Ro60 commensal responses in vivo with the production of human Ro60 autoantibodies and signs of autoimmunity. Together, these data support that colonization with autoantigen ortholog-producing commensal species may initiate and sustain chronic autoimmunity in genetically predisposed individuals. The concept of commensal ortholog cross-reactivity may apply more broadly to autoimmune diseases and lead to novel treatment approaches aimed at defined commensal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teri M Greiling
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Carina Dehner
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Xinguo Chen
- Department of Medicine, Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre (ICMC), Heart and Vascular Theme, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden.,Bioscience, Cardiovascular, Renal & Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kevin Hughes
- Department of Medicine, Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre (ICMC), Heart and Vascular Theme, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden.,Bioscience, Cardiovascular, Renal & Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Alonso J Iñiguez
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Marco Boccitto
- Department of Medicine, Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre (ICMC), Heart and Vascular Theme, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden.,Bioscience, Cardiovascular, Renal & Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Daniel Zegarra Ruiz
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Stephen C Renfroe
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Silvio M Vieira
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - William E Ruff
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Soyeong Sim
- Department of Medicine, Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre (ICMC), Heart and Vascular Theme, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden.,Bioscience, Cardiovascular, Renal & Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Christina Kriegel
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Julia Glanternik
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Xindi Chen
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Michael Girardi
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Patrick Degnan
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Yale Microbial Sciences Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Karen H Costenbader
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Andrew L Goodman
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Yale Microbial Sciences Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Sandra L Wolin
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA. .,Bioscience, Cardiovascular, Renal & Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Martin A Kriegel
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA. .,Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
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20
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Tirosh I, Spielman S, Barel O, Ram R, Stauber T, Paret G, Rubinsthein M, Pessach IM, Gerstein M, Anikster Y, Shukrun R, Dagan A, Adler K, Pode-Shakked B, Volkov A, Perelman M, Greenberger S, Somech R, Lahav E, Majmundar AJ, Padeh S, Hildebrandt F, Vivante A. Whole exome sequencing in childhood-onset lupus frequently detects single gene etiologies. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2019; 17:52. [PMID: 31362757 PMCID: PMC6668194 DOI: 10.1186/s12969-019-0349-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) comprise a diverse range of clinical manifestations. To date, more than 30 single gene causes of lupus/lupus like syndromes in humans have been identified. In the clinical setting, identifying the underlying molecular diagnosis is challenging due to phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity. METHODS We employed whole exome sequencing (WES) in patients presenting with childhood-onset lupus with severe and/or atypical presentations to identify cases that are explained by a single-gene (monogenic) cause. RESULTS From January 2015 to June 2018 15 new cases of childhood-onset SLE were diagnosed in Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital. By WES we identified causative mutations in four subjects in five different genes: C1QC, SLC7A7, MAN2B1, PTEN and STAT1. No molecular diagnoses were established on clinical grounds prior to genetic testing. CONCLUSIONS We identified a significant fraction of monogenic SLE etiologies using WES and confirm the genetic locus heterogeneity in childhood-onset lupus. These results highlight the importance of establishing a genetic diagnosis for children with severe or atypical lupus by providing accurate and early etiology-based diagnoses and improving subsequent clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irit Tirosh
- 0000 0001 2107 2845grid.413795.dDepartment of Pediatrics B, Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, 5265601 Ramat Gan, Israel ,0000 0001 2107 2845grid.413795.dRheumatology Unit, Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel ,0000 0004 1937 0546grid.12136.37Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Shiri Spielman
- 0000 0001 2107 2845grid.413795.dRheumatology Unit, Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel ,0000 0004 1937 0546grid.12136.37Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Ortal Barel
- 0000 0001 2107 2845grid.413795.dThe Genomic Unit, Sheba Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Reut Ram
- 0000 0001 2107 2845grid.413795.dDepartment of Pediatrics B, Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, 5265601 Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Tali Stauber
- 0000 0001 2107 2845grid.413795.dDepartment of Pediatrics A Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel ,0000 0004 1937 0546grid.12136.37Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Gideon Paret
- 0000 0001 2107 2845grid.413795.dIntensive care unit, Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel ,0000 0004 1937 0546grid.12136.37Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Marina Rubinsthein
- 0000 0001 2107 2845grid.413795.dIntensive care unit, Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel ,0000 0004 1937 0546grid.12136.37Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Itai M. Pessach
- 0000 0001 2107 2845grid.413795.dIntensive care unit, Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel ,0000 0004 1937 0546grid.12136.37Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Maya Gerstein
- 0000 0001 2107 2845grid.413795.dDepartment of Pediatrics B, Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, 5265601 Ramat Gan, Israel ,0000 0004 1937 0546grid.12136.37Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Yair Anikster
- 0000 0001 2107 2845grid.413795.dMetabolic Disease Unit, Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel ,0000 0004 1937 0546grid.12136.37Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Rachel Shukrun
- 0000 0001 2107 2845grid.413795.dDepartment of Pediatrics B, Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, 5265601 Ramat Gan, Israel ,0000 0004 1937 0546grid.12136.37Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Adi Dagan
- 0000 0001 2107 2845grid.413795.dDepartment of Pediatrics B, Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, 5265601 Ramat Gan, Israel ,0000 0004 1937 0546grid.12136.37Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Katerina Adler
- 0000 0001 2107 2845grid.413795.dThe Genomic Unit, Sheba Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Ben Pode-Shakked
- 0000 0001 2107 2845grid.413795.dDepartment of Pediatrics B, Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, 5265601 Ramat Gan, Israel ,0000 0001 2107 2845grid.413795.dMetabolic Disease Unit, Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel ,0000 0004 1937 0546grid.12136.37Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Alexander Volkov
- 0000 0001 2107 2845grid.413795.dPathology Department, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel ,0000 0004 1937 0546grid.12136.37Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Marina Perelman
- 0000 0001 2107 2845grid.413795.dPathology Department, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel ,0000 0004 1937 0546grid.12136.37Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Shoshana Greenberger
- 0000 0001 2107 2845grid.413795.dDepartment of Dermatology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel ,0000 0004 1937 0546grid.12136.37Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Raz Somech
- 0000 0001 2107 2845grid.413795.dDepartment of Pediatrics A Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel ,0000 0004 1937 0546grid.12136.37Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Einat Lahav
- 0000 0001 2107 2845grid.413795.dDepartment of Pediatrics A Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel ,0000 0004 1937 0546grid.12136.37Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel ,0000 0001 2107 2845grid.413795.dNephrology Unit, Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, 5265601 Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Amar J. Majmundar
- 000000041936754Xgrid.38142.3cDivision of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Shai Padeh
- 0000 0001 2107 2845grid.413795.dDepartment of Pediatrics B, Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, 5265601 Ramat Gan, Israel ,0000 0004 1937 0546grid.12136.37Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Friedhelm Hildebrandt
- 000000041936754Xgrid.38142.3cDivision of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Asaf Vivante
- Department of Pediatrics B, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, 5265601, Ramat Gan, Israel. .,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel. .,Nephrology Unit, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, 5265601, Ramat Gan, Israel.
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21
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Boccitto M, Wolin SL. Ro60 and Y RNAs: structure, functions, and roles in autoimmunity. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 54:133-152. [PMID: 31084369 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2019.1608902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Ro60, also known as SS-A or TROVE2, is an evolutionarily conserved RNA-binding protein that is found in most animal cells, approximately 5% of sequenced prokaryotic genomes and some archaea. Ro60 is present in cells as both a free protein and as a component of a ribonucleoprotein complex, where its best-known partners are members of a class of noncoding RNAs called Y RNAs. Structural and biochemical analyses have revealed that Ro60 is a ring-shaped protein that binds Y RNAs on its outer surface. In addition to Y RNAs, Ro60 binds misfolded and aberrant noncoding RNAs in some animal cell nuclei. Although the fate of these defective Ro60-bound noncoding RNAs in animal cells is not well-defined, a bacterial Ro60 ortholog functions with 3' to 5' exoribonucleases to assist structured RNA degradation. Studies of Y RNAs have revealed that these RNAs regulate the subcellular localization of Ro60, tether Ro60 to effector proteins and regulate the access of other RNAs to its central cavity. As both mammalian cells and bacteria lacking Ro60 are sensitized to ultraviolet irradiation, Ro60 function may be important during exposure to some environmental stressors. Here we summarize the current knowledge regarding the functions of Ro60 and Y RNAs in animal cells and bacteria. Because the Ro60 RNP is a clinically important target of autoantibodies in patients with rheumatic diseases such as Sjogren's syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus, and neonatal lupus, we also discuss potential roles for Ro60 RNPs in the initiation and pathogenesis of systemic autoimmune rheumatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Boccitto
- a RNA Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research , National Cancer Institute , Frederick , MD , USA
| | - Sandra L Wolin
- a RNA Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research , National Cancer Institute , Frederick , MD , USA
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22
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Mustelin T, Lood C, Giltiay NV. Sources of Pathogenic Nucleic Acids in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1028. [PMID: 31139185 PMCID: PMC6519310 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A hallmark of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and several related autoimmune diseases, is the presence of autoantibodies against nucleic acids and nucleic acid-binding proteins, as well as elevated type I interferons (IFNs), which appear to be instrumental in disease pathogenesis. Here we discuss the sources and proposed mechanisms by which a range of cellular RNA and DNA species can become pathogenic and trigger the nucleic acid sensors that drive type I interferon production. Potentially SLE-promoting DNA may originate from pieces of chromatin, from mitochondria, or from reverse-transcribed cellular RNA, while pathogenic RNA may arise from mis-localized, mis-processed, ancient retroviral, or transposable element-derived transcripts. These nucleic acids may leak out from dying cells to be internalized and reacted to by immune cells or they may be generated and remain to be sensed intracellularly in immune or non-immune cells. The presence of aberrant DNA or RNA is normally counteracted by effective counter-mechanisms, the loss of which result in a serious type I IFN-driven disease called Aicardi-Goutières Syndrome. However, in SLE it remains unclear which mechanisms are most critical in precipitating disease: aberrant RNA or DNA, overly sensitive sensor mechanisms, or faulty counter-acting defenses. We propose that the clinical heterogeneity of SLE may be reflected, in part, by heterogeneity in which pathogenic nucleic acid molecules are present and which sensors and pathways they trigger in individual patients. Elucidation of these events may result in the recognition of distinct "endotypes" of SLE, each with its distinct therapeutic choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Mustelin
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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23
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Abstract
Y RNAs are noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) that are present in most animal cells and also in many bacteria. These RNAs were discovered because they are bound by the Ro60 protein, a major target of autoantibodies in patients with some systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Studies of Ro60 and Y RNAs in Deinococcus radiodurans, the first sequenced bacterium with a Ro60 ortholog, revealed that they function with 3'-to-5' exoribonucleases to alter the composition of RNA populations during some forms of environmental stress. In the best-characterized example, Y RNA tethers the Ro60 protein to the exoribonuclease polynucleotide phosphorylase, allowing this exoribonuclease to degrade structured RNAs more effectively. Y RNAs can also function as gates to regulate access of other RNAs to the Ro60 central cavity. Recent studies in the enteric bacterium Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium resulted in the discovery that Y RNAs are widely present in bacteria. Remarkably, the most-conserved subclass of bacterial Y RNAs contains a domain that mimics tRNA. In this review, we discuss the structure, conservation, and known functions of bacterial Y RNAs as well as the certainty that more bacterial Y RNAs and additional roles for these ncRNAs remain to be uncovered.
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24
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Kim SY, Park MJ, Kwon JE, Choi SY, Seo HB, Jung KA, Choi JW, Baek JA, Lee HH, Lee BI, Park SH, Cho ML. Ro60 Inhibits Colonic Inflammation and Fibrosis in a Mouse Model of Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis. Immunol Lett 2018; 201:45-51. [PMID: 30395870 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is caused by chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The pathogenesis of IBD remains unclear. The inflammation is associated with activation of T helper (Th) lymphocytes and chronic production of inflammatory cytokines. Ro60 suppresses the expression of tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin (IL)-6, and interferon α by inhibiting Alu transcription; control of Ro60 mRNA expression may thus be therapeutically useful. However, few studies have evaluated the anti-inflammatory activity of Ro60. The Ro60 level is decreased in IBD patients; we thus hypothesized that Ro60 was involved in the development of this autoimmune disease. We subjected mice with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis to gene therapy using a vector that overexpressed Ro60 threefold. We scored IBD progression by repeatedly weighing the mice. Ro60 ameliorated colitis severity and reduced the levels of tumor necrosis factor α, IL-6, IL-17, IL-8, and vascular endothelial growth factor. Ro60 overexpression decreased the levels of α-smooth muscle actin (a marker of activated myofibroblasts) and type I collagen. The anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic activities of Ro60 ameliorated the severity of DSS-induced colitis in mice by repressing inflammation, fibrosis, angiogenesis, and the production of reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Young Kim
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Jung Park
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Eun Kwon
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Si-Young Choi
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Beom Seo
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Ah Jung
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Won Choi
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Ah Baek
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Hee Lee
- Division of Gastroenterlogy, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-In Lee
- Division of Gastroenterlogy, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hwan Park
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mi-La Cho
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
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25
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Tebaldi T, Zuccotti P, Peroni D, Köhn M, Gasperini L, Potrich V, Bonazza V, Dudnakova T, Rossi A, Sanguinetti G, Conti L, Macchi P, D'Agostino V, Viero G, Tollervey D, Hüttelmaier S, Quattrone A. HuD Is a Neural Translation Enhancer Acting on mTORC1-Responsive Genes and Counteracted by the Y3 Small Non-coding RNA. Mol Cell 2018; 71:256-270.e10. [PMID: 30029004 PMCID: PMC6060611 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2018.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The RNA-binding protein HuD promotes neurogenesis and favors recovery from peripheral axon injury. HuD interacts with many mRNAs, altering both stability and translation efficiency. We generated a nucleotide resolution map of the HuD RNA interactome in motor neuron-like cells, identifying HuD target sites in 1,304 mRNAs, almost exclusively in the 3' UTR. HuD binds many mRNAs encoding mTORC1-responsive ribosomal proteins and translation factors. Altered HuD expression correlates with the translation efficiency of these mRNAs and overall protein synthesis, in a mTORC1-independent fashion. The predominant HuD target is the abundant, small non-coding RNA Y3, amounting to 70% of the HuD interaction signal. Y3 functions as a molecular sponge for HuD, dynamically limiting its recruitment to polysomes and its activity as a translation and neuron differentiation enhancer. These findings uncover an alternative route to the mTORC1 pathway for translational control in motor neurons that is tunable by a small non-coding RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toma Tebaldi
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento 38123, Italy
| | - Paola Zuccotti
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento 38123, Italy
| | - Daniele Peroni
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento 38123, Italy
| | - Marcel Köhn
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle 06120, Germany; Julius-Bernstein-Institute of Physiology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle 06097, Germany
| | - Lisa Gasperini
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento 38123, Italy
| | - Valentina Potrich
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento 38123, Italy
| | - Veronica Bonazza
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento 38123, Italy
| | - Tatiana Dudnakova
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Annalisa Rossi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento 38123, Italy
| | - Guido Sanguinetti
- School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AB, UK
| | - Luciano Conti
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento 38123, Italy
| | - Paolo Macchi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento 38123, Italy
| | - Vito D'Agostino
- Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento 38123, Italy
| | - Gabriella Viero
- Institute of Biophysics, CNR Unit at Trento, Trento 38123, Italy
| | - David Tollervey
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Stefan Hüttelmaier
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle 06120, Germany
| | - Alessandro Quattrone
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento 38123, Italy.
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26
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Zhang YP, Wu J, Han YF, Shi ZR, Wang L. Pathogenesis of cutaneous lupus erythema associated with and without systemic lupus erythema. Autoimmun Rev 2017; 16:735-742. [PMID: 28483542 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2017.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) can be an individual disease only involving skin, or presents as part of the manifestations of SLE. A small proportion of CLE may progress into SLE, however, the underlying pathogenic mediators remain elusive. By only including researches that clearly described if the subtypes of CLE presented by enrolled subjects was associated with or without SLE, we provided an overview of antibodies, inflammatory cells and inflammatory molecular mediators identified in blood and skin that were possibly involved in lupus skin damages. IgG autoantibodies are crucial for the development of CLE associated with SLE, but the circulating inflammatory cells and molecular mediators require further studies to provide definitive proof for their association with skin damages. Discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) is the most common subtype of CLE. For DLE without associated with SLE (CDLE), it is lack of evidences if autoantibodies and circulating inflammatory cells are involved in the pathogenesis or not, but is clear that the cutaneous inflammatory infiltrates are dominated by Th1, but not Th17 cells in contrast to the various complex profile in SLE. As the major target cells in skin, keratinocytes may participate the pathophysiological process by increase cell apoptosis and the production of proinflammatory cytokines in SLE and CDLE. Insights into the similarities and differences of the pathogenesis of CLE and CLE associated with SLE will also improve our therapeutic strategies for CLE that is currently adopted from SLE, and prevent the progression of CLE to SLE by providing interventions within an appropriate window of disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ping Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Geriatrics, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Science, 510080, China
| | - Yan-Fang Han
- Department of Dermatology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Zhen-Rui Shi
- Department of Dermatology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Liangchun Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China.
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27
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Petersen F, Yue X, Riemekasten G, Yu X. Dysregulated homeostasis of target tissues or autoantigens - A novel principle in autoimmunity. Autoimmun Rev 2017; 16:602-611. [PMID: 28411168 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Monogenic autoimmune disorders provide a powerful tool for our understanding of the principles of autoimmunity due to the obvious impact of a single gene on the disease. So far, approximately 100 single gene defects causing murine monogenic autoimmune disorders have been reported and the functional characterization of these genes will provide significant progress in understanding the nature of autoimmunity. According to their function, genes leading to monogenic autoimmune disorders can be categorized into two groups. An expectable first group contains genes involved in the homeostasis of the immune system, including homeostasis of immune organs and immune cells. Intriguingly, the second group consists of genes functionally involved in the homeostasis of target tissues or autoantigens. According to our novel hypothesis, we propose that autoimmunity represents a consequence of a dysregulated homeostasis of the immune system and/or its targets including autoantigens and target tissues. In this review we refer to both aspects of homeostasis in autoimmunity with a highlight on the role of the homeostasis of target tissues and autoantigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Petersen
- Priority Area Asthma & Allergy, Research Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Members of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Xiaoyang Yue
- Priority Area Asthma & Allergy, Research Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Members of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 23845 Borstel, Germany
| | - Gabriela Riemekasten
- Priority Area Asthma & Allergy, Research Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Members of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 23845 Borstel, Germany; Department of Rheumatology, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Xinhua Yu
- Priority Area Asthma & Allergy, Research Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Members of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 23845 Borstel, Germany; Xiamen-Borstel Joint Laboratory of Autoimmunity, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
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28
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Clancy RM, Markham AJ, Buyon JP. Endosomal Toll-like receptors in clinically overt and silent autoimmunity. Immunol Rev 2016; 269:76-84. [PMID: 26683146 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs), first identified as pattern recognition receptors, are now recognized to serve as a key interface between innate and adaptive immunity. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is characterized by both continuous and cyclic stimulation of the innate and adaptive immune system by endogenous nucleic acids released from apoptotic or necrotic cells. TLR7 and TLR9 function as innate sensors of viral infection as their ligands are ssRNA and dsDNA, respectively. Recognition of self nucleic acids by endosomal TLRs in B cells and pDCs is thought to be an important step in the pathogenesis of SLE, generating anti-nuclear antibodies and producing type I IFN. In this review, we take a specific look at how TLR7, non-coding RNA, and SSA/Ro60 can contribute to clinical autoimmunity and organ damage in the context of neonatal lupus (NL). Although 15 times less common than SLE, NL provides a unique opportunity to study two different aspects of autoimmunity: passively acquired tissue injury in a developing fetus and clinical progression of disease in an asymptomatic mother found to have anti-Ro60 autoantibodies only after identification of heart block/rash in a child. Finally, we discuss hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) use by asymptomatic subjects which may forestall the clinical expression of autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Clancy
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Androo J Markham
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jill P Buyon
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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29
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Brennan MT, Mougeot JLC. Alu retroelement-associated autoimmunity in Sjögren's syndrome. Oral Dis 2016; 22:345-7. [DOI: 10.1111/odi.12462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael T. Brennan
- Department of Oral Medicine; Carolinas Healthcare System; Charlotte NC USA
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30
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Scheckel C, Drapeau E, Frias MA, Park CY, Fak J, Zucker-Scharff I, Kou Y, Haroutunian V, Ma'ayan A, Buxbaum JD, Darnell RB. Regulatory consequences of neuronal ELAV-like protein binding to coding and non-coding RNAs in human brain. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 26894958 PMCID: PMC4798961 DOI: 10.7554/elife.10421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal ELAV-like (nELAVL) RNA binding proteins have been linked to numerous neurological disorders. We performed crosslinking-immunoprecipitation and RNAseq on human brain, and identified nELAVL binding sites on 8681 transcripts. Using knockout mice and RNAi in human neuroblastoma cells, we showed that nELAVL intronic and 3' UTR binding regulates human RNA splicing and abundance. We validated hundreds of nELAVL targets among which were important neuronal and disease-associated transcripts, including Alzheimer's disease (AD) transcripts. We therefore investigated RNA regulation in AD brain, and observed differential splicing of 150 transcripts, which in some cases correlated with differential nELAVL binding. Unexpectedly, the most significant change of nELAVL binding was evident on non-coding Y RNAs. nELAVL/Y RNA complexes were specifically remodeled in AD and after acute UV stress in neuroblastoma cells. We propose that the increased nELAVL/Y RNA association during stress may lead to nELAVL sequestration, redistribution of nELAVL target binding, and altered neuronal RNA splicing. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.10421.001 When a gene is active, its DNA is copied into a molecule of RNA. This molecule then undergoes a process called splicing which removes certain segments, and the resulting ‘messenger RNA’ molecule is then translated into protein. Many messenger RNAs go through alternative splicing, whereby different segments can be included or excluded from the final molecule. This allows more than one type of protein to be produced from a single gene. Specialized RNA binding proteins associate with messenger RNAs and regulate not only their splicing, but also their abundance and location within the cell. These activities are crucially important in the brain where forming memories and learning new skills requires thousands of proteins to be made rapidly. Many members of a family of RNA binding proteins called ELAV-like proteins are unique to neurons. These proteins have also been associated with conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease, but it was not known which messenger RNAs were the targets of these proteins in the human brain. Scheckel, Drapeau et al. have now addressed this question and used a method termed 'CLIP' to identify thousands of messenger RNAs that directly bind to neuronal ELAV-like proteins in the human brain. Many of these messenger RNAs coded for proteins that are important for the health of neurons, and neuronal ELAV-like proteins were shown to regulate both the alternative splicing and the abundance of these messenger RNAs. The regulation of RNA molecules in post-mortem brain samples of people with or without Alzheimer’s disease was then compared. Scheckel, Drapeau et al. unexpectedly observed that, in the Alzheimer’s disease patients, the neuronal ELAV-like proteins were very often associated with a class of RNA molecules known as Y RNAs. These RNA molecules do not code for proteins, and are therefore classified as non-coding RNA. Moreover, massive shifts in the binding of ELAV-like proteins onto Y RNAs were observed in neurons grown in the laboratory that had been briefly stressed by exposure to ultraviolet radiation. Scheckel, Drapeau et al. suggest that the strong tendency of neuronal ELAV-like proteins to bind to Y RNAs in conditions of short- or long-term stress, including Alzheimer’s disease, might prevent these proteins from associating with their normal messenger RNA targets. This was supported by finding that some messenger RNAs targeted by neuronal ELAV-like proteins showed altered regulation after stress. Such changes to the normal regulation of these messenger RNAs could have a large impact on the proteins that are produced from them. Together, these findings link Y RNAs to both neuronal stress and Alzheimer’s disease, and suggest a new way that a cell can alter which messenger RNAs are expressed in response to changes in its environment. The next step is to explore what causes the shift in neuronal ELAV-like protein binding from messenger RNAs to Y RNAs and how it might contribute to disease. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.10421.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Scheckel
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, The Rockefeller University, New York, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, United States
| | - Elodie Drapeau
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, New York, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States
| | - Maria A Frias
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, The Rockefeller University, New York, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, United States
| | - Christopher Y Park
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, The Rockefeller University, New York, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, United States.,New York Genome Center, New York, United States
| | - John Fak
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, The Rockefeller University, New York, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, United States
| | - Ilana Zucker-Scharff
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, The Rockefeller University, New York, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, United States
| | - Yan Kou
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, New York, United States.,Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, BD2K-LINCS Data Integration and Coordination Center, Mount Sinai Knowledge Management Center for Illuminating the Druggable Genome, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States
| | - Vahram Haroutunian
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States.,Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States.,James J. Peters VA Medical Center, New York, United States
| | - Avi Ma'ayan
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, BD2K-LINCS Data Integration and Coordination Center, Mount Sinai Knowledge Management Center for Illuminating the Druggable Genome, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States
| | - Joseph D Buxbaum
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, New York, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States.,Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States.,Mindich Child Health Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States.,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, United States
| | - Robert B Darnell
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, The Rockefeller University, New York, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, United States.,New York Genome Center, New York, United States
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31
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Autoantibodies and their Judicious Use in Pediatric Rheumatology Practice. Indian J Pediatr 2016; 83:53-62. [PMID: 26631069 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-015-1936-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Autoantibody testing forms an important part of diagnostic workup of patients in Pediatric rheumatology practice. However it is important to understand that the mere presence of autoantibodies does not necessarily mean the presence of an underlying autoimmune disease. Autoantibodies may be present decades before the development of clinical manifestations of an autoimmune disease and may be viewed as harbingers of Autoimmune disease. On the other hand, low-affinity autoantibodies may be present in normal healthy individuals; these natural autoantibodies serve an important function in immune regulation and tolerance. Autoantibody testing in pediatric practice mainly includes testing for anti-nuclear antibodies, anti-dsDNA antibodies, anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies and antiphospholipid antibodies. Rheumatoid factor and anti-CCP do not have much significance in the diagnostic schema in pediatric rheumatology, except perhaps for classification of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and prognostication in late-onset polyarticular JIA. The positive predictive value (PPV) of any laboratory test depends on the prevalence of the disease in the population being tested. Hence, test ordering practices greatly impact the performance characteristics and positive predictive value of any laboratory test. A restricted test ordering only in patients with clinical signs and symptoms suggestive of autoimmune disease would thus greatly increase the PPV of tests such as antinuclear antibody used for diagnosing autoimmunity.
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32
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Qin Y, Yao J, Wu DC, Nottingham RM, Mohr S, Hunicke-Smith S, Lambowitz AM. High-throughput sequencing of human plasma RNA by using thermostable group II intron reverse transcriptases. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2016; 22:111-28. [PMID: 26554030 PMCID: PMC4691826 DOI: 10.1261/rna.054809.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Next-generation RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) has revolutionized transcriptome profiling, gene expression analysis, and RNA-based diagnostics. Here, we developed a new RNA-seq method that exploits thermostable group II intron reverse transcriptases (TGIRTs) and used it to profile human plasma RNAs. TGIRTs have higher thermostability, processivity, and fidelity than conventional reverse transcriptases, plus a novel template-switching activity that can efficiently attach RNA-seq adapters to target RNA sequences without RNA ligation. The new TGIRT-seq method enabled construction of RNA-seq libraries from <1 ng of plasma RNA in <5 h. TGIRT-seq of RNA in 1-mL plasma samples from a healthy individual revealed RNA fragments mapping to a diverse population of protein-coding gene and long ncRNAs, which are enriched in intron and antisense sequences, as well as nearly all known classes of small ncRNAs, some of which have never before been seen in plasma. Surprisingly, many of the small ncRNA species were present as full-length transcripts, suggesting that they are protected from plasma RNases in ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes and/or exosomes. This TGIRT-seq method is readily adaptable for profiling of whole-cell, exosomal, and miRNAs, and for related procedures, such as HITS-CLIP and ribosome profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidan Qin
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Jun Yao
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Douglas C Wu
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Ryan M Nottingham
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Sabine Mohr
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Scott Hunicke-Smith
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Alan M Lambowitz
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
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Ødum Nielsen I, Hartwig Trier N, Friis T, Houen G. Characterization of continuous monoclonal antibody epitopes in the N-terminus of Ro60. Biopolymers 2015; 106:62-71. [PMID: 26506479 DOI: 10.1002/bip.22758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
One of the major targets of the autoimmune response in the rheumatic autoimmune diseases, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Sjögrens Syndrome, is the protein Ro60. Ro60 is known to associate with small misfolded RNAs, and is involved in RNA quality control and in enhancing cell survival during cellular stress, e.g. after ultaviolet irradiation. In this study, six monoclonal antibodies to Ro60 were analyzed in order to identify antigenic regions and the nature of these. Preliminary analyses revealed that two of the antibodies recognized continuous epitopes, while the remaining antibodies most likely recognized conformational epitopes. The continuous epitopes of Ro60 were characterised by modified immunoassays employing resin-bound peptides and free peptides. Peptide screenings located the epitopes to the N-terminus of Ro60, and further analyses indicated that the epitopes of the monoclonal antibodies TROVE2 and SSI-HYB 358-02 were located to amino acids 8-17 and 34-49, respectively. Moreover, charged amino acids were found to be especially important for antibody reactivity, although antibody reactivity of the monoclonal antibody TROVE2 primarily was found to be epitope backbone-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inger Ødum Nielsen
- Autoimmunology and Biomarkers, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, 2300, Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Nicole Hartwig Trier
- Autoimmunology and Biomarkers, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, 2300, Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Tina Friis
- Autoimmunology and Biomarkers, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, 2300, Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Gunnar Houen
- Autoimmunology and Biomarkers, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, 2300, Copenhagen S, Denmark
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Hung T, Pratt GA, Sundararaman B, Townsend MJ, Chaivorapol C, Bhangale T, Graham RR, Ortmann W, Criswell LA, Yeo GW, Behrens TW. The Ro60 autoantigen binds endogenous retroelements and regulates inflammatory gene expression. Science 2015; 350:455-9. [PMID: 26382853 DOI: 10.1126/science.aac7442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Autoantibodies target the RNA binding protein Ro60 in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and Sjögren's syndrome. However, it is unclear whether Ro60 and its associated RNAs contribute to disease pathogenesis. We catalogued the Ro60-associated RNAs in human cell lines and found that among other RNAs, Ro60 bound an RNA motif derived from endogenous Alu retroelements. Alu transcripts were induced by type I interferon and stimulated proinflammatory cytokine secretion by human peripheral blood cells. Ro60 deletion resulted in enhanced expression of Alu RNAs and interferon-regulated genes. Anti-Ro60-positive SLE immune complexes contained Alu RNAs, and Alu transcripts were up-regulated in SLE whole blood samples relative to controls. These findings establish a link among the lupus autoantigen Ro60, Alu retroelements, and type I interferon.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Hung
- Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
| | - G A Pratt
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Genomic Medicine, Stem Cell Program, University of California at San Diego, Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, 2880 Torrey Pines Scenic Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - B Sundararaman
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Genomic Medicine, Stem Cell Program, University of California at San Diego, Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, 2880 Torrey Pines Scenic Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | | | | | - T Bhangale
- Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - R R Graham
- Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - W Ortmann
- Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - L A Criswell
- Rosalind Russell/Ephraim P. Engleman Rheumatology Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - G W Yeo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Genomic Medicine, Stem Cell Program, University of California at San Diego, Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, 2880 Torrey Pines Scenic Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore. Genome Institute of Singapore and Molecular Engineering Laboratory, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore.
| | - T W Behrens
- Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
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Kowalski MP, Krude T. Functional roles of non-coding Y RNAs. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2015; 66:20-9. [PMID: 26159929 PMCID: PMC4726728 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs are involved in a multitude of cellular processes but the biochemical function of many small non-coding RNAs remains unclear. The family of small non-coding Y RNAs is conserved in vertebrates and related RNAs are present in some prokaryotic species. Y RNAs are also homologous to the newly identified family of non-coding stem-bulge RNAs (sbRNAs) in nematodes, for which potential physiological functions are only now emerging. Y RNAs are essential for the initiation of chromosomal DNA replication in vertebrates and, when bound to the Ro60 protein, they are involved in RNA stability and cellular responses to stress in several eukaryotic and prokaryotic species. Additionally, short fragments of Y RNAs have recently been identified as abundant components in the blood and tissues of humans and other mammals, with potential diagnostic value. While the number of functional roles of Y RNAs is growing, it is becoming increasingly clear that the conserved structural domains of Y RNAs are essential for distinct cellular functions. Here, we review the biochemical functions associated with these structural RNA domains, as well as the functional conservation of Y RNAs in different species. The existing biochemical and structural evidence supports a domain model for these small non-coding RNAs that has direct implications for the modular evolution of functional non-coding RNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madzia P Kowalski
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, United Kingdom
| | - Torsten Krude
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, United Kingdom.
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36
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Spurlock CF, Tossberg JT, Guo Y, Sriram S, Crooke PS, Aune TM. Defective structural RNA processing in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Genome Biol 2015; 16:58. [PMID: 25885816 PMCID: PMC4403723 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-015-0629-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surveillance of integrity of the basic elements of the cell including DNA, RNA, and proteins is a critical element of cellular physiology. Mechanisms of surveillance of DNA and protein integrity are well understood. Surveillance of structural RNAs making up the vast majority of RNA in a cell is less well understood. Here, we sought to explore integrity of processing of structural RNAs in relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and other inflammatory diseases. RESULTS We employed mononuclear cells obtained from subjects with RRMS and cell lines. We used quantitative-PCR and whole genome RNA sequencing to define defects in structural RNA surveillance and siRNAs to deplete target proteins. We report profound defects in surveillance of structural RNAs in RRMS exemplified by elevated levels of poly(A) + Y1-RNA, poly(A) + 18S rRNA and 28S rRNAs, elevated levels of misprocessed 18S and 28S rRNAs and levels of the U-class of small nuclear RNAs. Multiple sclerosis is also associated with genome-wide defects in mRNA splicing. Ro60 and La proteins, which exist in ribonucleoprotein particles and play different roles in quality control of structural RNAs, are also deficient in RRMS. In cell lines, silencing of the genes encoding Ro60 and La proteins gives rise to these same defects in surveillance of structural RNAs. CONCLUSIONS Our results establish that profound defects in structural RNA surveillance exist in RRMS and establish a causal link between Ro60 and La proteins and integrity of structural RNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles F Spurlock
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
| | - John T Tossberg
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
| | - Yan Guo
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
| | - Subramaniam Sriram
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
| | - Philip S Crooke
- Department of Mathematics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
| | - Thomas M Aune
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA. .,Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA. .,Medical Center North T3113, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN, USA.
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37
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Autoantibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-09138-1.00130-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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38
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Tatari-Calderone Z, Luban NLC, Vukmanovic S. Genetics of transfusion recipient alloimmunization: can clues from susceptibility to autoimmunity pave the way? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 41:436-45. [PMID: 25670931 DOI: 10.1159/000369145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The search for genetic determinants of alloimmunization in sickle cell disease transfusion recipients was based on two premises: i) that polymorphisms responsible for stronger immune and/or inflammatory responses and hemoglobin β(S) mutation were co-selected by malaria; and ii) that stronger responder status contributes to development of lupus. We found a marker of alloimmunization in the gene encoding for Ro52 protein, also known as Sjögren syndrome antigen 1 (SSA1) and TRIM21. Surprisingly, the nature of the association was opposite of that with lupus; the same variant of a polymorphism (rs660) that was associated with lupus incidence was also associated with induction of tolerance to red blood cell antigens during early childhood. The dual function of Ro52 can explain this apparent contradiction. We propose that other lupus/autoimmunity susceptibility loci may reveal roles of additional molecules in various aspects of alloimmunization induced by transfusion as well as during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Tatari-Calderone
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA ; Department of Pediatrics, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Naomi L C Luban
- Department of Pediatrics, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA ; Division of Laboratory Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Stanislav Vukmanovic
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA ; Department of Pediatrics, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
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39
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Lin YZ, Li RN, Lin CH, Ou TT, Wu CC, Tsai WC, Liu HW, Yen JH. Association of OSMR gene polymorphisms with rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus patients. Autoimmunity 2013; 47:23-6. [PMID: 24219225 DOI: 10.3109/08916934.2013.849701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cytokines are involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Oncostatin M receptor (OSMR) activates JAK/STAT and MAPK pathways leading to the stimulation of a variety of cytokines and inflammatory substances. Many pro-inflammatory cytokines are involved in the inflammatory process of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In this study, we carried out experiments to examine the relationship of OSMR promoter polymorphisms with RA and SLE patients. 241 patients of RA, 143 patients of SLE and 203 healthy controls were enrolled in their recruitment from the Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells and gene polymorphism was genotyped by TaqMan real-time polymerase chain reaction. The OMSR promoter region -100 G/T (rs22922016) genotype was in no relation to the susceptibility of RA, but -100 T/T (rs22922016) genotype could prevent the patients with sicca syndrome and the existence of anti-Ro antibodies. In contrast, the -100 G/T+T/T (rs22922016) genotypes were significantly associated with an increased risk of SLE (odds ratio, OR=1.62, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.01-2.62). 94.38% of SLE patients with arthritis were belonged to the -1687C/C (rs540558) genotype. The T allele of promoter region -100 T/T (rs22922016) has protective effect and could ameliorate the disease condition in RA patients, whereas the same T allele was a risk allele in the susceptibility of SLE. The disease severity of rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus can be partially affected by the OSMR promoter polymorphisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Zhao Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University , Kaohsiung , Taiwan
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40
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Wolin SL, Belair C, Boccitto M, Chen X, Sim S, Taylor DW, Wang HW. Non-coding Y RNAs as tethers and gates: Insights from bacteria. RNA Biol 2013; 10:1602-8. [PMID: 24036917 DOI: 10.4161/rna.26166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) called Y RNAs are abundant components of both animal cells and a variety of bacteria. In all species examined, these ~100 nt RNAs are bound to the Ro 60 kDa (Ro60) autoantigen, a ring-shaped protein that also binds misfolded ncRNAs in some vertebrate nuclei. Although the function of Ro60 RNPs has been mysterious, we recently reported that a bacterial Y RNA tethers Ro60 to the 3' to 5' exoribonuclease polynucleotide phosphorylase (PNPase) to form RYPER (Ro60/Y RNA/PNPase Exoribonuclease RNP), a new RNA degradation machine. PNPase is a homotrimeric ring that degrades single-stranded RNA, and Y RNA-mediated tethering of Ro60 increases the effectiveness of PNPase in degrading structured RNAs. Single particle electron microscopy of RYPER suggests that RNA threads through the Ro60 ring into the PNPase cavity. Further studies indicate that Y RNAs may also act as gates to regulate entry of RNA substrates into the Ro60 channel. These findings reveal novel functions for Y RNAs and raise questions about how the bacterial findings relate to the roles of these ncRNAs in animal cells. Here we review the literature on Y RNAs, highlighting their close relationship with Ro60 proteins and the hypothesis that these ncRNAs function generally to tether Ro60 rings to diverse RNA-binding proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra L Wolin
- Department of Cell Biology; Yale School of Medicine; New Haven, CT USA; Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry; Yale School of Medicine; New Haven, CT USA
| | - Cedric Belair
- Department of Cell Biology; Yale School of Medicine; New Haven, CT USA
| | - Marco Boccitto
- Department of Cell Biology; Yale School of Medicine; New Haven, CT USA
| | - Xinguo Chen
- Department of Cell Biology; Yale School of Medicine; New Haven, CT USA
| | - Soyeong Sim
- Department of Cell Biology; Yale School of Medicine; New Haven, CT USA
| | - David W Taylor
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry; Yale School of Medicine; New Haven, CT USA
| | - Hong-Wei Wang
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry; Yale School of Medicine; New Haven, CT USA; Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences; School of Life Sciences; Tsinghua University; Beijing, P.R. China
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41
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Reed JH, Sim S, Wolin SL, Clancy RM, Buyon JP. Ro60 requires Y3 RNA for cell surface exposure and inflammation associated with cardiac manifestations of neonatal lupus. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 191:110-6. [PMID: 23698747 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1202849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac neonatal lupus (NL) is presumed to arise from maternal autoantibody targeting an intracellular ribonucleoprotein, Ro60, which binds noncoding Y RNA and only becomes accessible to autoantibodies during apoptosis. Despite the importance of Ro60 trafficking in the development of cardiac NL, the mechanism underlying cell surface exposure is unknown. To evaluate the influence of Y RNA on the subcellular location of Ro60 during apoptosis and activation of macrophages, stable Ro60 knockout murine fibroblasts expressing wild-type or mutated FLAG-Ro60 were assessed. FLAG3-Ro60(K170A R174A) binds Y RNA, whereas FLAG3-Ro60(H187S) does not bind Y RNA; fibroblasts expressing these constructs showed equivalent intracellular expression of Ro60. In contrast, apoptotic fibroblasts containing FLAG3-Ro60(K170A R174A) were bound by anti-Ro60, whereas FLAG3-Ro60(H187S) was not surface expressed. RNA interference of mY3 RNA in wild-type fibroblasts inhibited surface translocation of Ro60 during apoptosis, whereas depletion of mY1 RNA did not affect Ro60 exposure. Furthermore, Ro60 was not exposed following overexpression of mY1 in the mY3-depleted fibroblasts. In an in vitro model of anti-Ro60-mediated injury, Y RNA was shown to be an obligate factor for TLR-dependent activation of macrophages challenged with anti-Ro60-opsonized apoptotic fibroblasts. Murine Y3 RNA is a necessary factor to support the surface translocation of Ro60, which is pivotal to the formation of immune complexes on apoptotic cells and a TLR-dependent proinflammatory cascade. Accordingly, the Y3 RNA moiety of the Ro60 ribonucleoprotein imparts a critical role in the pathogenicity of maternal anti-Ro60 autoantibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne H Reed
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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42
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Admani S, Krakowski AC. Neonatal Lupus Erythematosus Presenting as Atypical Targetoid-like Lesions Involving Genitals and Soles of Feet Following Brief Sun Exposure. THE JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND AESTHETIC DERMATOLOGY 2013; 6:19-23. [PMID: 23710267 PMCID: PMC3662679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Neonatal lupus erythematosus is a rare autoimmune disease caused by transplacental passage of maternal autoantibodies against Ro/SS-A, La/SS-B, and U1-ribonucleoprotein. The clinical spectrum of neonatal lupus erythematosus comprises cutaneous, cardiac, and systemic abnormalities. Typical cutaneous manifestations include annular erythematous plaques with or without fine scale predominately on the scalp, neck, or face and less commonly on the trunk and extremities. The authors describe the case of a two-month-old male child who developed atypical, targetoid-like lesions involving the genitals and soles of the feet after brief sun exposure and was subsequently diagnosed with neonatal lupus erythematosus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shehla Admani
- Drs. Admani and Krakowski are from the University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, and Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, California
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43
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Köhn M, Pazaitis N, Hüttelmaier S. Why YRNAs? About Versatile RNAs and Their Functions. Biomolecules 2013; 3:143-56. [PMID: 24970161 PMCID: PMC4030889 DOI: 10.3390/biom3010143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2012] [Revised: 01/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Y RNAs constitute a family of highly conserved small noncoding RNAs (in humans: 83-112 nt; Y1, Y3, Y4 and Y5). They are transcribed from individual genes by RNA-polymerase III and fold into conserved stem-loop-structures. Although discovered 30 years ago, insights into the cellular and physiological role of Y RNAs remains incomplete. In this review, we will discuss knowledge on the structural properties, associated proteins and discuss proposed functions of Y RNAs. We suggest Y RNAs to be an integral part of ribonucleoprotein networks within cells and could therefore have substantial influence on many different cellular processes. Putative functions of Y RNAs include small RNA quality control, DNA replication, regulation of the cellular stress response and proliferation. This suggests Y RNAs as essential regulators of cell fate and indicates future avenues of research, which will provide novel insights into the role of small noncoding RNAs in gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Köhn
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Section Molecular Cell Biology, ZAMED, Heinrich-Damerow-Str.1, D-6120 Halle, Germany.
| | - Nikolaos Pazaitis
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Section Molecular Cell Biology, ZAMED, Heinrich-Damerow-Str.1, D-6120 Halle, Germany.
| | - Stefan Hüttelmaier
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Section Molecular Cell Biology, ZAMED, Heinrich-Damerow-Str.1, D-6120 Halle, Germany.
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44
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Clinical and pathological roles of Ro/SSA autoantibody system. Clin Dev Immunol 2012; 2012:606195. [PMID: 23304190 PMCID: PMC3523155 DOI: 10.1155/2012/606195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Accepted: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Anti-Ro/SSA antibodies are among the most frequently detected autoantibodies against extractable nuclear antigens and have been associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and Sjögren's syndrome (SS). Although the presence of these autoantibodies is one of the criteria for the diagnosis and classification of SS, they are also sometimes seen in other systemic autoimmune diseases. In the last few decades, the knowledge of the prevalence of anti-Ro/SSA antibodies in various autoimmune diseases and symptoms has been expanded, and the clinical importance of these antibodies is increasing. Nonetheless, the pathological role of the antibodies is still poorly understood. In this paper, we summarize the milestones of the anti-Ro/SSA autoantibody system and provide new insights into the association between the autoantibodies and the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases.
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45
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Menéndez A, Gómez J, Escanlar E, Caminal-Montero L, Mozo L. Clinical associations of anti-SSA/Ro60 and anti-Ro52/TRIM21 antibodies: Diagnostic utility of their separate detection. Autoimmunity 2012; 46:32-9. [PMID: 23039326 DOI: 10.3109/08916934.2012.732131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Clinical associations of anti-SSA/Ro60 and anti-Ro52/TRIM21 antibodies are not yet fully established. In order to analyse the diagnostic utility of their separate detection, we retrospectively revised the clinical data of 200 anti-SSA/Ro60 and/or anti-Ro52/TRIM21 positive patients identified by line immunoassay during ANA routine detection. Anti-SSA/Ro60 positive patients showed a significantly higher prevalence of autoimmune diseases (AIDs) independently on the presence of anti-Ro52/TRIM21 (OR 3.13, 95% CI 1.10-8.88, p = 0.032). Anti-SSA/Ro60 was independently associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) when comparing with Sjögren's syndrome (SS) and other systemic AIDs (OR 3.46, 95% CI 1.08-11.06, p = 0.036). The more frequent specificity found in cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) was also anti-SSA/Ro60. In contrast, detection of isolated anti-Ro52/TRIM21 was characteristic of SS (7/35, 20.0%), diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis (dcSSc) (3/4, 75.0%), primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) (4/5, 80.0%) and, specially, of polymyositis/dermatomyositis (PM/DM) (6/6, 100%). In fact, anti-Ro52/TRIM21 was the only antibody detected in 4 out of the 6 PM/DM patients. Malignancies mainly account for the observed high prevalence of mono-specific anti-Ro52/TRIM21 in patients with non-AIDs (10/15, 62.5%). In conclusion, this retrospective study supports the routine distinction of anti-SSA/Ro60 and anti-Ro52/TRIM21 due to their different clinical associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Menéndez
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
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46
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Thabet Y, Cañas F, Ghedira I, Youinou P, Mageed RA, Renaudineau Y. Altered patterns of epigenetic changes in systemic lupus erythematosus and auto-antibody production: is there a link? J Autoimmun 2012; 39:154-60. [PMID: 22709855 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2012.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/20/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The prominent feature of immunological defects in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is the production of autoantibodies (auto-Abs) to nuclear antigens including DNA, histones and RNP. In addition, there is growing evidence that epigenetic changes play a key role in the pathogenesis of SLE. Autoreactive CD4(+) T cells and B cells in patients with SLE have evidence of altered patterns of DNA methylation as well as post-translational modifications of histones and ribonucleoproteins (RNP). A key question that has emerged from these two characteristic features of SLE is whether the two processes are linked. New data provide support for such a link. For example, there is evidence that hypomethylated DNA is immunogenic, that anti-histone auto-Abs in patients with SLE bind epigenetic-sensitive hot spots and that epigenetically-modified RNP-derived peptides can modulate lupus disease. All in all, the available evidence indicates that a better understanding of dysregulation in epigenetics in SLE may offer opportunities to develop new biomarkers and novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosra Thabet
- EA2216 Immunology, Pathology and Immunotherapy, European University of Brittany, Brest, France
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47
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Circulating microRNAs involved in multiple sclerosis. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 39:6219-25. [PMID: 22231906 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-011-1441-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2011] [Accepted: 12/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated, demyelinating and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system. After traumatic brain injury, it is the leading cause of neurology disability in young adults. Considerable advances have been made in identifying genes involved in MS but the genetic and phenotypic complexity associated with this disease significantly hinders any progress. A novel class of small RNA molecules, microRNAs (miRNAs) has acquired much attention because they regulate the expression of up to 30% of protein-coding genes and may play a pivotal role in the development of many, if not all, complex diseases. Seven published studies investigated miRNAs from peripheral blood mononuclear cells, CD4+, CD8+ T cell, B lymphocytes, peripheral blood leukocytes, whole blood and brain astrocytes with MS risk. The absence of MS studies investigating plasma miRNA prompted the current investigation of identifying a circulating miRNA signature in MS. We conducted a microarray analysis of over 900 known miRNA transcripts from plasma samples collected from four MS individuals and four sex-aged and ethnicity matched healthy controls. We identified six plasma miRNA (miR-614, miR-572, miR-648, miR-1826, miR-422a and miR-22) that were significantly up-regulated and one plasma miRNA (miR-1979) that was significantly down-regulated in MS individuals. Both miR-422a and miR-22 have previously been implicated in MS. The present study is the first to show a circulating miRNA signature involved in MS that could serve as a potential prognostic and diagnostic biomarker for MS.
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48
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Abstract
Mouse models of lupus have for many years provided accessible and reliable research systems for the pathogenesis and therapy of systemic autoimmune disease, spanning a spectrum of inbred strains that develop spontaneous disease to experimentally induced, sometimes genetically manipulated animals. Nearly all the models share in common the development of glomerulonephritis and autoantibodies, including antinuclear and DNA specificities, the most common endpoints examined in experimental studies, but exhibit specific differences in the incidence of other end-organ manifestations such as hemolytic anemia, arthritis, dermatitis, and vasculitis. This chapter contrasts the clinical characteristics of these various models, providing an outline for their use and analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanford L Peng
- Rheumatology Clinical Research Unit, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, USA.
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49
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Sim S, Yao J, Weinberg DE, Niessen S, Yates JR, Wolin SL. The zipcode-binding protein ZBP1 influences the subcellular location of the Ro 60-kDa autoantigen and the noncoding Y3 RNA. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2012; 18:100-10. [PMID: 22114317 PMCID: PMC3261732 DOI: 10.1261/rna.029207.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2011] [Accepted: 10/10/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The Ro 60-kDa autoantigen, a ring-shaped RNA-binding protein, traffics between the nucleus and cytoplasm in vertebrate cells. In some vertebrate nuclei, Ro binds misfolded noncoding RNAs and may function in quality control. In the cytoplasm, Ro binds noncoding RNAs called Y RNAs. Y RNA binding blocks a nuclear accumulation signal, retaining Ro in the cytoplasm. Following UV irradiation, this signal becomes accessible, allowing Ro to accumulate in nuclei. To investigate how other cellular components influence the function and subcellular location of Ro, we identified several proteins that copurify with the mouse Ro protein. Here, we report that the zipcode-binding protein ZBP1 influences the subcellular localization of both Ro and the Y3 RNA. Binding of ZBP1 to the Ro/Y3 complex increases after UV irradiation and requires the Y3 RNA. Despite the lack of an identifiable CRM1-dependent export signal, nuclear export of Ro is sensitive to the CRM1 inhibitor leptomycin B. In agreement with a previous report, we find that ZBP1 export is partly dependent on CRM1. Both Ro and Y3 RNA accumulate in nuclei when ZBP1 is depleted. Our data indicate that ZBP1 may function as an adapter to export the Ro/Y3 RNA complex from nuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyeong Sim
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06536, USA
| | - Jie Yao
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06536, USA
| | - David E. Weinberg
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06536, USA
| | - Sherry Niessen
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - John R. Yates
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Sandra L. Wolin
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06536, USA
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06536, USA
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50
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Pollard KM. Gender differences in autoimmunity associated with exposure to environmental factors. J Autoimmun 2011; 38:J177-86. [PMID: 22137891 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2011.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2011] [Accepted: 11/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmunity is thought to result from a combination of genetics, environmental triggers, and stochastic events. Gender is also a significant risk factor with many diseases exhibiting a female bias. Although the role of environmental triggers, especially medications, in eliciting autoimmunity is well established less is known about the interplay between gender, the environment and autoimmunity. This review examines the contribution of gender in autoimmunity induced by selected chemical, physical and biological agents in humans and animal models. Epidemiological studies reveal that environmental factors can be associated with a gender bias in human autoimmunity. However many studies show that the increased risk of autoimmunity is often influenced by occupational exposure or other gender biased activities. Animal studies, although often prejudiced by the exclusive use of female animals, reveal that gender bias can be strain specific suggesting an interaction between sex chromosome complement and background genes. This observation has important implications because it argues that within a gender biased disease there may be individuals in which gender does not contribute to autoimmunity. Exposure to environmental factors, which encompasses everything around us, adds an additional layer of complexity. Understanding how the environment influences the relationship between sex chromosome complement and innate and adaptive immune responses will be essential in determining the role of gender in environmentally-induced autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Michael Pollard
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States.
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