1
|
Shareena G, Kumar D. Epigenetics of Epstein Barr virus - A review. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166838. [PMID: 37544529 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Epstein Barr is the first-in-human oncogenic virus, closely related to numerous lymphoproliferative and malignant diseases, including HL, BL, NPC, and GC. EBV establishes life-long persistence infection portraying a biphasic viral life cycle: latent period and lytic replication. B-cells serve as critical regions for EBV latent genes, wherein viral gene expression is suppressed, promoting viral genome maintenance and immune recognition evasion. Upon its lytic reactivation, viral gene expression induces its replication, progeny production, and transmission. Dysregulations of epigenetic regulation in expressions of TSGs lead to carcinogenesis. Several studies reveal that EBV is associated with aberrant viral DNA and host genome methylation patterns, promoting immune monitoring, recognition evasiveness and host cell persistence. Among other epigenetic modifications, DNA methylation suppresses the majority of viral latent gene promoters, sparing a few, and acts as a prerequisite for activating EBV's lytic cycle, giving rise to viral progeny. It affects the host's epigenome via reprogramming cells to oncogenic, long-lasting phenotypes, as evident in several malignancies. At each phase of its life cycle, EBV exploits cellular mechanisms of epigenetic regulation, implying its unique host-pathogen relationship. This review summarized the DNA methylation's regulatory roles on several EBV-related promoter regions, along with the host genome in pathological conditions, highlights viral genes involved in a latent, lytic and latent-lytic phase of EBV infection. Moreover, it provides diagrammatic insights into methylation-based pathways in EBV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gadde Shareena
- Poona College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Erandwane, Pune 411038, Maharashtra, India
| | - Dileep Kumar
- Poona College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Erandwane, Pune 411038, Maharashtra, India; UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hu SS, Han Y, Tan TY, Chen H, Gao JW, Wang L, Yang MH, Zhao L, Wang YQ, Ding YQ, Wang S. SLC25A21 downregulation promotes KRAS-mutant colorectal cancer progression by increasing glutamine anaplerosis. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e167874. [PMID: 37937641 PMCID: PMC10721270 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.167874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence shows that KRAS-mutant colorectal cancer (CRC) depends on glutamine (Gln) for survival and progression, indicating that targeting Gln metabolism may be a promising therapeutic strategy for KRAS-mutant CRC. However, the precise mechanism by which Gln metabolism reprogramming promotes and coordinates KRAS-mutant CRC progression remains to be fully investigated. Here, we discovered that solute carrier 25 member 21 (SLC25A21) expression was downregulated in KRAS-mutant CRC, and that SLC25A21 downregulation was correlated with poor survival of KRAS-mutant CRC patients. SLC25A21 depletion selectively accelerated the growth, invasion, migration, and metastasis of KRAS-mutant CRC cells in vitro and in vivo, and inhibited Gln-derived α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) efflux from mitochondria, thereby potentiating Gln replenishment, accompanied by increased GTP availability for persistent KRAS activation in KRAS-mutant CRC. The restoration of SLC25A21 expression impaired the KRAS-mutation-mediated resistance to cetuximab in KRAS-mutant CRC. Moreover, the arrested α-KG efflux that occurred in response to SLC25A21 depletion inhibited the activity of α-KG-dependent DNA demethylases, resulting in a further decrease in SLC25A21 expression. Our studies demonstrate that SLC25A21 plays a significant role as a tumor suppressor in KRAS-mutant CRC by antagonizing Gln-dependent anaplerosis to limit GTP availability for KRAS activation, which suggests potential alternative therapeutic strategies for KRAS-mutant CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sha-Sha Hu
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, and
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Han
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, and
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tian-Yuan Tan
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, and
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, and
| | - Jia-Wen Gao
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lan Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min-Hui Yang
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, and
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Qing Wang
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, and
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Qing Ding
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, and
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, and
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lim SD, Kim SI, Park JW, Won JK, Kim SK, Phi JH, Chung CK, Choi SH, Yun H, Park SH. Emerging glioneuronal and neuronal tumors: case-based review. Brain Tumor Pathol 2022; 39:65-78. [PMID: 35048219 DOI: 10.1007/s10014-021-00420-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Glioneuronal and neuronal tumors (GNTs) are rare heterogeneous central nervous system tumors characterized by slow growth and favorable outcomes, but are often associated with diagnostic difficulties. A thorough analysis of three rare and recently recognized GNTs was performed in the context of clinicopathological features and molecular genetic characterization. The current spinal diffuse leptomeningeal glioneuronal tumor (DLGNT) was characterized with oligodendroglioma-like tumor with chromosome 1p/19q codeletion without IDH mutations and KIAA1549:BRAF fusion. The current occipital multinodular and vacuolating neuronal tumor (MVNT) was characteristic of the variable-sized vague nodules consisted of gangliocytic tumor cells with intracytoplasmic and pericellular vacuolation and the next-generation sequencing (NGS) revealed MAP2K1 p.Q56_V60del. A diffuse glioneuronal tumor with oligodendroglioma-like features and nuclear clusters (DGONC) of the amygdala was characterized by oligodendroglia-like cells and nuclear clusters, and monosomy 14. From the current cases and literature review, we found that DLGNT commonly occurs in the spinal cord and can make mass and more commonly have KIAA1549:BRAF fusion; MVNT is a neoplasm rather than malformation and MAP2K1 deletion is one of the hallmarks of this tumor; although DGONC may require a methylation profile, we can reach a diagnosis through its unique histology, monosomy 14, and exclusion diagnosis without a methylation profile.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- So Dug Lim
- Department of Pathology, KonKuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Ik Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Woo Park
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Kyung Won
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Ki Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Phi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Chun-Kee Chung
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hong Choi
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongseok Yun
- Department of Genomic Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hye Park
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea. .,Institute of Neuroscience, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Goodrich JM, Calkins MM, Caban-Martinez AJ, Stueckle T, Grant C, Calafat AM, Nematollahi A, Jung AM, Graber JM, Jenkins T, Slitt AL, Dewald A, Botelho JC, Beitel S, Littau S, Gulotta J, Wallentine D, Hughes J, Popp C, Burgess JL. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, epigenetic age and DNA methylation: a cross-sectional study of firefighters. Epigenomics 2021; 13:1619-1636. [PMID: 34670402 PMCID: PMC8549684 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2021-0225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are persistent chemicals that firefighters encounter. Epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation, could serve as PFASs toxicity biomarkers. Methods: With a sample size of 197 firefighters, we quantified the serum concentrations of nine PFASs, blood leukocyte DNA methylation and epigenetic age indicators via the EPIC array. We examined the associations between PFASs with epigenetic age, site- and region-specific DNA methylation, adjusting for confounders. Results: Perfluorohexane sulfonate, perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) and the sum of branched isomers of perfluorooctane sulfonate (Sm-PFOS) were associated with accelerated epigenetic age. Branched PFOA, linear PFOS, perfluorononanoate, perfluorodecanoate and perfluoroundecanoate were associated with differentially methylated loci and regions. Conclusion: PFASs concentrations are associated with accelerated epigenetic age and locus-specific DNA methylation. The implications for PFASs toxicity merit further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn M Goodrich
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Miriam M Calkins
- National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA
| | - Alberto J Caban-Martinez
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Todd Stueckle
- National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Casey Grant
- Fire Protection Research Foundation, Quincy, MA 02169, USA
| | - Antonia M Calafat
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - Amy Nematollahi
- Department of Community, Environment & Policy, University of Arizona Mel & Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Alesia M Jung
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of Arizona Mel & Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Judith M Graber
- Department of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, Rutgers the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Timothy Jenkins
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Angela L Slitt
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Rhode Island College of Pharmacy, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Alisa Dewald
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Julianne Cook Botelho
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA
| | - Shawn Beitel
- Department of Community, Environment & Policy, University of Arizona Mel & Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Sally Littau
- Department of Community, Environment & Policy, University of Arizona Mel & Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | | | | | - Jeff Hughes
- Orange County Fire Authority, Irvine, CA 92602, USA
| | | | - Jefferey L Burgess
- Department of Community, Environment & Policy, University of Arizona Mel & Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Animesh S, Choudhary R, Wong BJH, Koh CTJ, Ng XY, Tay JKX, Chong WQ, Jian H, Chen L, Goh BC, Fullwood MJ. Profiling of 3D Genome Organization in Nasopharyngeal Cancer Needle Biopsy Patient Samples by a Modified Hi-C Approach. Front Genet 2021; 12:673530. [PMID: 34539729 PMCID: PMC8446523 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.673530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC), a cancer derived from epithelial cells in the nasopharynx, is a cancer common in China, Southeast Asia, and Africa. The three-dimensional (3D) genome organization of nasopharyngeal cancer is poorly understood. A major challenge in understanding the 3D genome organization of cancer samples is the lack of a method for the characterization of chromatin interactions in solid cancer needle biopsy samples. Here, we developed Biop-C, a modified in situ Hi-C method using solid cancer needle biopsy samples. We applied Biop-C to characterize three nasopharyngeal cancer solid cancer needle biopsy patient samples. We identified topologically associated domains (TADs), chromatin interaction loops, and frequently interacting regions (FIREs) at key oncogenes in nasopharyngeal cancer from the Biop-C heatmaps. We observed that the genomic features are shared at some important oncogenes, but the patients also display extensive heterogeneity at certain genomic loci. On analyzing the super enhancer landscape in nasopharyngeal cancer cell lines, we found that the super enhancers are associated with FIREs and can be linked to distal genes via chromatin loops in NPC. Taken together, our results demonstrate the utility of our Biop-C method in investigating 3D genome organization in solid cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sambhavi Animesh
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ruchi Choudhary
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Charlotte Tze Jia Koh
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xin Yi Ng
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joshua Kai Xun Tay
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wan-Qin Chong
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Han Jian
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Leilei Chen
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Boon Cher Goh
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Melissa Jane Fullwood
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Stenman A, Backman S, Johansson K, Paulsson JO, Stålberg P, Zedenius J, Juhlin CC. Pan-genomic characterization of high-risk pediatric papillary thyroid carcinoma. Endocr Relat Cancer 2021; 28:337-351. [PMID: 33827048 PMCID: PMC8111328 DOI: 10.1530/erc-20-0464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Pediatric papillary thyroid carcinomas (pPTCs) are often indolent tumors with excellent long-term outcome, although subsets of cases are clinically troublesome and recur. Although it is generally thought to exhibit similar molecular aberrancies as their counterpart tumors in adults, the pan-genomic landscape of clinically aggressive pPTCs has not been previously described. In this study, five pairs of primary and synchronously metastatic pPTC from patients with high-risk phenotypes were characterized using parallel whole-genome and -transcriptome sequencing. Primary tumors and their metastatic components displayed an exceedingly low number of coding somatic mutations and gross chromosomal alterations overall, with surprisingly few shared mutational events. Two cases exhibited one established gene fusion event each (SQSTM1-NTRK3 and NCOA4-RET) in both primary and metastatic tissues, and one case each was positive for a BRAF V600E mutation and a germline truncating CHEK2 mutation, respectively. One single case was without apparent driver events and was considered as a genetic orphan. Non-coding mutations in cancer-associated regions were generally not present. By expressional analyses, fusion-driven primary and metastatic pPTC clustered separately from the mutation-driven cases and the sole genetic orphan. We conclude that pPTCs are genetically indolent tumors with exceedingly stable genomes. Several mutations found exclusively in the metastatic samples which may represent novel genetic events that drive the metastatic behavior, and the differences in mutational compositions suggest early clonal divergence between primary tumors and metastases. Moreover, an overrepresentation of mutational and expressional dysregulation of immune regulatory pathways was noted among fusion-positive pPTC metastases, suggesting that these tumors might facilitate spread through immune evasive mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Stenman
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Breast, Endocrine Tumors and Sarcoma, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Samuel Backman
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Klara Johansson
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan O Paulsson
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Stålberg
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jan Zedenius
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Breast, Endocrine Tumors and Sarcoma, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - C Christofer Juhlin
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Pathology and Cytology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Correspondence should be addressed to C C Juhlin:
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Leong MML, Lung ML. The Impact of Epstein-Barr Virus Infection on Epigenetic Regulation of Host Cell Gene Expression in Epithelial and Lymphocytic Malignancies. Front Oncol 2021; 11:629780. [PMID: 33718209 PMCID: PMC7947917 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.629780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is associated with a variety of malignancies including Burkitt's lymphoma (BL), Hodgkin's disease, T cell lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), and ∼10% of cases of gastric cancer (EBVaGC). Disruption of epigenetic regulation in the expression of tumor suppressor genes or oncogenes has been considered as one of the important mechanisms for carcinogenesis. Global hypermethylation is a distinct feature in NPC and EBVaGC, whereas global reduction of H3K27me3 is more prevalent in EBVaGC and EBV-transformed lymphoblastoid cells. In BL, EBV may even usurp the host factors to epigenetically regulate its own viral gene expression to restrict latency and lytic switch, resulting in evasion of immunosurveillance. Furthermore, in BL and EBVaGC, the interaction between the EBV episome and the host genome is evident with respectively unique epigenetic features. While the interaction is associated with suppression of gene expression in BL, the corresponding activity in EBVaGC is linked to activation of gene expression. As EBV establishes a unique latency program in these cancer types, it is possible that EBV utilizes different latency proteins to hijack the epigenetic modulators in the host cells for pathogenesis. Since epigenetic regulation of gene expression is reversible, understanding the precise mechanisms about how EBV dysregulates the epigenetic mechanisms enables us to identify the potential targets for epigenetic therapies. This review summarizes the currently available epigenetic profiles of several well-studied EBV-associated cancers and the relevant distinct mechanisms leading to aberrant epigenetic signatures due to EBV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Merrin Man Long Leong
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Maria Li Lung
- Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yang XR, Pi C, Yu R, Fan XJ, Peng XX, Zhang XC, Chen ZH, Wu X, Shao Y, Wu YL, Zhou Q. Correlation of exosomal microRNA clusters with bone metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer. Clin Exp Metastasis 2020; 38:109-117. [PMID: 33231826 PMCID: PMC7882559 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-020-10062-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
20–40% of lung cancer patients develop bone metastasis (BM) with significantly decreased overall survival. Currently, BM is mainly diagnosed by computerized tomography (CT) scan or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) when symptom develops. Novel biomarkers with higher prediction value of BM are needed. Plasma-derived exosomal microRNAs had been isolated and sequenced of total 30 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients including 16 with bone metastasis and 14 without bone metastasis. Hierarchical clustering based on the total miRNA profile can clearly separate cancer patients and healthy individuals (H), but not patients with (BM +) or without (BM−) BM. Weight Co-expression network of miRNAs (WGCNA) analyses identified three consensus clusters (A, B, C) of highly correlated miRNAs, among which cluster B (144 miRNAs) showed significantly differential expression in lung cancer patients, especially in BM + group. Pathway analysis of cluster B miRNAs revealed enrichment in metabolic pathways that may involve in preconditioning of the metastatic niche. Three differentially expressed miRNAs between BM + and BM− patients within cluster B were identified as miR-574-5p, a suppressor of Wnt/β-catenin pathway, was down-regulated, while miR-328-3p and miR-423-3p, two activators of the same pathway, were up-regulated in BM + patients. Cluster A miRNAs (n = 49) also showed trend of upregulation in BM + patients. Interestingly, pathway analysis indicated that 43 of them are associated with chromosome14, which has been suggested to promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and bone metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Rong Yang
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Lung Cancer, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Can Pi
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Lung Cancer, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruoying Yu
- Geneseeq Technology Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Xiao-Xiao Peng
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Lung Cancer, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu-Chao Zhang
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Lung Cancer, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Hong Chen
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Lung Cancer, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue Wu
- Geneseeq Technology Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yang Shao
- Nanjing Geneseeq Technology Inc., Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi-Long Wu
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Lung Cancer, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Lung Cancer, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Deng M, Dai W, Yu VZ, Tao L, Lung ML. Cylindromatosis Lysine 63 Deubiquitinase (CYLD) Regulates NF-kB Signaling Pathway and Modulates Fibroblast and Endothelial Cells Recruitment in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12071924. [PMID: 32708712 PMCID: PMC7409113 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignant epithelial carcinoma of the nasopharynx. Cylindromatosis lysine 63 deubiquitinase (CYLD), a NF-kB inhibitor, was reported as one of the top mutated candidate genes in NPC. NF-kB is an inducible transcription factor, contributing to cancer via regulating inflammation, angiogenesis, cell proliferation, and metastasis. In this study, the impact of CYLD on regulating the NF-kB signaling pathway and its contribution to NPC development was studied using in vitro and in vivo functional assays, together with single cell RNA sequencing to understand the NPC tumor microenvironment. CYLD was downregulated in NPC clinical specimens and multiple cell lines. Functional assays revealed CYLD inhibits NPC cell proliferation and migration in vitro and suppresses NPC tumorigenicity and metastasis in vivo by negatively regulating the NF-kB signaling pathway. Additionally, CYLD was able to inhibit fibroblast and endothelial stromal cell infiltration into the NPC tumor microenvironment. These findings suggest that CYLD inhibits NPC development and provides strong evidence supporting a role for CYLD inhibiting fibroblast and endothelial stromal cell infiltration into NPC via suppressing the NF-kB pathway.
Collapse
|
10
|
Sakthikumar S, Roy A, Haseeb L, Pettersson ME, Sundström E, Marinescu VD, Lindblad-Toh K, Forsberg-Nilsson K. Whole-genome sequencing of glioblastoma reveals enrichment of non-coding constraint mutations in known and novel genes. Genome Biol 2020; 21:127. [PMID: 32513296 PMCID: PMC7281935 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-020-02035-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GBM) has one of the worst 5-year survival rates of all cancers. While genomic studies of the disease have been performed, alterations in the non-coding regulatory regions of GBM have largely remained unexplored. We apply whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to identify non-coding mutations, with regulatory potential in GBM, under the hypothesis that regions of evolutionary constraint are likely to be functional, and somatic mutations are likely more damaging than in unconstrained regions. RESULTS We validate our GBM cohort, finding similar copy number aberrations and mutated genes based on coding mutations as previous studies. Performing analysis on non-coding constraint mutations and their position relative to nearby genes, we find a significant enrichment of non-coding constraint mutations in the neighborhood of 78 genes that have previously been implicated in GBM. Among them, SEMA3C and DYNC1I1 show the highest frequencies of alterations, with multiple mutations overlapping transcription factor binding sites. We find that a non-coding constraint mutation in the SEMA3C promoter reduces the DNA binding capacity of the region. We also identify 1776 other genes enriched for non-coding constraint mutations with likely regulatory potential, providing additional candidate GBM genes. The mutations in the top four genes, DLX5, DLX6, FOXA1, and ISL1, are distributed over promoters, UTRs, and multiple transcription factor binding sites. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that non-coding constraint mutations could play an essential role in GBM, underscoring the need to connect non-coding genomic variation to biological function and disease pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharadha Sakthikumar
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Ananya Roy
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lulu Haseeb
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mats E Pettersson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Elisabeth Sundström
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Voichita D Marinescu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kerstin Lindblad-Toh
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Karin Forsberg-Nilsson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 85, Uppsala, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Subramanian DN, Zethoven M, McInerny S, Morgan JA, Rowley SM, Lee JEA, Li N, Gorringe KL, James PA, Campbell IG. Exome sequencing of familial high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma reveals heterogeneity for rare candidate susceptibility genes. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1640. [PMID: 32242007 PMCID: PMC7118163 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15461-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
High-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) has a significant hereditary component, approximately half of which cannot be explained by known genes. To discover genes, we analyse germline exome sequencing data from 516 BRCA1/2-negative women with HGSOC, focusing on genes enriched with rare, protein-coding loss-of-function (LoF) variants. Overall, there is a significant enrichment of rare protein-coding LoF variants in the cases (p < 0.0001, chi-squared test). Only thirty-four (6.6%) have a pathogenic variant in a known or proposed predisposition gene. Few genes have LoF mutations in more than four individuals and the majority are detected in one individual only. Forty-three highly-ranked genes are identified with three or more LoF variants that are enriched by three-fold or more compared to GnomAD. These genes represent diverse functional pathways with relatively few involved in DNA repair, suggesting that much of the remaining heritability is explained by previously under-explored genes and pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deepak N Subramanian
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Magnus Zethoven
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Simone McInerny
- The Parkville Familial Cancer Centre, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - James A Morgan
- The Parkville Familial Cancer Centre, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Simone M Rowley
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Jue Er Amanda Lee
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Na Li
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Kylie L Gorringe
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Paul A James
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
- The Parkville Familial Cancer Centre, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Ian G Campbell
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Leong MML, Cheung AKL, Kwok TCT, Lung ML. Functional characterization of a candidate tumor suppressor gene, Mirror Image Polydactyly 1, in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Int J Cancer 2019; 146:2891-2900. [PMID: 31609475 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Mirror Image Polydactyly 1 (MIPOL1) is generally associated with congenital anomalies. However, its role in cancer development is poorly understood. Previously, by utilizing the functional complementation approach, microcell-mediated chromosome transfer (MMCT), a tumor suppressor gene, MIPOL1, was identified. MIPOL1 was confirmed to be downregulated in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cells and tumor tissues, and re-expression of MIPOL1 induced tumor suppression. The aim of the current study is to further elucidate the functional tumor suppressive role of MIPOL1. In our study, with an expanded sample size of different clinical stages of NPC tumor tissues, we further confirmed the downregulation of MIPOL1 in different cancer stages. MIPOL1 re-expression down-regulated angiogenic factors and reduced phosphorylation of metastasis-associated proteins including AKT, p65, and FAK. In addition, MIPOL1 was confirmed to interact with a tumor suppressor, RhoB, and re-expression of MIPOL1 enhanced RhoB activity. The functional role of MIPOL1 was further validated by utilizing a panel of wild-type (WT) and truncated MIPOL1 expression constructs. The MIPOL1 tumor-suppressive effect can only be observed in the WT MIPOL1-expressing cells. In vitro and nude mice in vivo functional studies further confirmed the critical role of WT MIPOL1 in inhibiting migration, invasion and metastasis in NPC. Overall, our study provides strong evidence about the tumor-suppressive role of MIPOL1 in inhibiting angiogenesis and metastasis in NPC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Merrin M L Leong
- Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Arthur K L Cheung
- Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Tommy C T Kwok
- Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Maria L Lung
- Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong.,Centre for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Fan C, Tu C, Qi P, Guo C, Xiang B, Zhou M, Li X, Wu X, Li X, Li G, Xiong W, Zeng Z. GPC6 Promotes Cell Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. J Cancer 2019; 10:3926-3932. [PMID: 31417636 PMCID: PMC6692608 DOI: 10.7150/jca.31345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a highly metastatic tumor that occurs frequently in Southeast Asia, particularly including southern China. Epstein-Barr virus infection is well established as a primary cause of NPC; nevertheless, the mechanisms underlying NPC pathogenesis remain largely unknown. In our previous study, we conducted whole-genome sequencing to screen for genomic variations that were associated with NPC. Of the resultantly identified variations, glypican-6 (GPC6), was shown, for the first time, to be frequently mutated in NPC. In the present study, we verified this finding and conducted a series of functional experiments, which demonstrated that GPC6 promotes the migration, invasion, and proliferation of NPC cells in vitro. Thus, the present study identified novel biological functions for GPC6 in NPC, and thus, showed that GPC6 may be a promising potential therapeutic target for this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Fan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis (Central South University) and Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chaofeng Tu
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Peng Qi
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Can Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bo Xiang
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ming Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiayu Li
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xu Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
| | - Xiaoling Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis (Central South University) and Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Guiyuan Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis (Central South University) and Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis (Central South University) and Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhaoyang Zeng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis (Central South University) and Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
EBV infection is associated with histone bivalent switch modifications in squamous epithelial cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:14144-14153. [PMID: 31235597 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1821752116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) induces histone modifications to regulate signaling pathways involved in EBV-driven tumorigenesis. To date, the regulatory mechanisms involved are poorly understood. In this study, we show that EBV infection of epithelial cells is associated with aberrant histone modification; specifically, aberrant histone bivalent switches by reducing the transcriptional activation histone mark (H3K4me3) and enhancing the suppressive mark (H3K27me3) at the promoter regions of a panel of DNA damage repair members in immortalized nasopharyngeal epithelial (NPE) cells. Sixteen DNA damage repair family members in base excision repair (BER), homologous recombination, nonhomologous end-joining, and mismatch repair (MMR) pathways showed aberrant histone bivalent switches. Among this panel of DNA repair members, MLH1, involved in MMR, was significantly down-regulated in EBV-infected NPE cells through aberrant histone bivalent switches in a promoter hypermethylation-independent manner. Functionally, expression of MLH1 correlated closely with cisplatin sensitivity both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, seven BER members with aberrant histone bivalent switches in the EBV-positive NPE cell lines were significantly enriched in pathway analysis in a promoter hypermethylation-independent manner. This observation is further validated by their down-regulation in EBV-infected NPE cells. The in vitro comet and apurinic/apyrimidinic site assays further confirmed that EBV-infected NPE cells showed reduced DNA damage repair responsiveness. These findings suggest the importance of EBV-associated aberrant histone bivalent switch in host cells in subsequent suppression of DNA damage repair genes in a methylation-independent manner.
Collapse
|
15
|
Svedberg FR, Brown SL, Krauss MZ, Campbell L, Sharpe C, Clausen M, Howell GJ, Clark H, Madsen J, Evans CM, Sutherland TE, Ivens AC, Thornton DJ, Grencis RK, Hussell T, Cunoosamy DM, Cook PC, MacDonald AS. The lung environment controls alveolar macrophage metabolism and responsiveness in type 2 inflammation. Nat Immunol 2019; 20:571-580. [PMID: 30936493 PMCID: PMC8381729 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-019-0352-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Fine control of macrophage activation is needed to prevent inflammatory disease, particularly at barrier sites such as the lungs. However, the dominant mechanisms that regulate the activation of pulmonary macrophages during inflammation are poorly understood. We found that alveolar macrophages (AlvMs) were much less able to respond to the canonical type 2 cytokine IL-4, which underpins allergic disease and parasitic worm infections, than macrophages from lung tissue or the peritoneal cavity. We found that the hyporesponsiveness of AlvMs to IL-4 depended upon the lung environment but was independent of the host microbiota or the lung extracellular matrix components surfactant protein D (SP-D) and mucin 5b (Muc5b). AlvMs showed severely dysregulated metabolism relative to that of cavity macrophages. After removal from the lungs, AlvMs regained responsiveness to IL-4 in a glycolysis-dependent manner. Thus, impaired glycolysis in the pulmonary niche regulates AlvM responsiveness during type 2 inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Freya R Svedberg
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
- Laboratory of Myeloid Cell Ontogeny and Functional Specialisation, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sheila L Brown
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Maria Z Krauss
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Laura Campbell
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Catherine Sharpe
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Maryam Clausen
- AstraZeneca, Discovery Sciences IMED, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gareth J Howell
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Howard Clark
- Department of Child Health, Division of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- National Institute for Health Research, Southampton Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Southampton Centre for Biomedical Research, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Jens Madsen
- Department of Child Health, Division of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, Southampton General Hospital, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- National Institute for Health Research, Southampton Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Southampton Centre for Biomedical Research, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Christopher M Evans
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Tara E Sutherland
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Alasdair C Ivens
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David J Thornton
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Richard K Grencis
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Tracy Hussell
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Peter C Cook
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK.
| | - Andrew S MacDonald
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Insight into the molecular mechanism of miR-192 regulating Escherichia coli resistance in piglets. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20171160. [PMID: 29363554 PMCID: PMC5821941 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20171160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 12/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have important roles in many cellular processes, including cell proliferation, growth and development, and disease control. Previous study demonstrated that the expression of two highly homologous miRNAs (miR-192 and miR-215) was up-regulated in weaned piglets with Escherichia coli F18 infection. However, the potential molecular mechanism of miR-192 in regulating E. coli infection remains unclear in pigs. In the present study, we analyzed the relationship between level of miR-192 and degree of E. coli resistance using transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN), in vitro bacterial adhesion assays, and target genes research. A TALEN expression vector that specifically recognizes the pig miR-192 was constructed and then monoclonal epithelial cells defective in miR-192 were established. We found that miR-192 knockout led to enhance the adhesion ability of the E. coli strains F18ab, F18ac and K88ac, meanwhile increase the expression of target genes (DLG5 and ALCAM) by qPCR and Western blotting analysis. The results suggested that miR-192 and its key target genes (DLG5 and ALCAM) could have a key role in E. coli infection. Based on our findings, we propose that further investigation of miR-192 function is likely to lead to insights into the molecular mechanisms of E. coli infection.
Collapse
|
17
|
Chai AWY, Cheung AKL, Dai W, Ko JMY, Ip JCY, Chan KW, Kwong DLW, Ng WT, Lee AWM, Ngan RKC, Yau CC, Tung SY, Lee VHF, Lam AKY, Pillai S, Law S, Lung ML. Metastasis-suppressing NID2, an epigenetically-silenced gene, in the pathogenesis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:78859-78871. [PMID: 27793011 PMCID: PMC5346683 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nidogen-2 (NID2) is a key component of the basement membrane that stabilizes the extracellular matrix (ECM) network. The aim of the study is to analyze the functional roles of NID2 in the pathogenesis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). We performed genome-wide methylation profiling of NPC and ESCC and validated our findings using the methylation-sensitive high-resolution melting (MS-HRM) assay. Results showed that promoter methylation of NID2 was significantly higher in NPC and ESCC samples than in their adjacent non-cancer counterparts. Consistently, down-regulation of NID2 was observed in the clinical samples and cell lines of both NPC and ESCC. Re-expression of NID2 suppresses clonogenic survival and migration abilities of transduced NPC and ESCC cells. We showed that NID2 significantly inhibits liver metastasis. Mechanistic studies of signaling pathways also confirm that NID2 suppresses the EGFR/Akt and integrin/FAK/PLCγ metastasis-related pathways. This study provides novel insights into the crucial tumor metastasis suppression roles of NID2 in cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annie Wai Yeeng Chai
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), People's Republic of China
| | - Arthur Kwok Leung Cheung
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Dai
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), People's Republic of China
| | - Josephine Mun Yee Ko
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), People's Republic of China
| | - Joseph Chok Yan Ip
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), People's Republic of China
| | - Kwok Wah Chan
- Center for Cancer Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), People's Republic of China.,Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), People's Republic of China
| | - Dora Lai-Wan Kwong
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), People's Republic of China.,Center for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), People's Republic of China
| | - Wai Tong Ng
- Center for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), People's Republic of China.,Department of Clinical Oncology, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong (SAR), People's Republic of China
| | - Anne Wing Mui Lee
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), People's Republic of China.,Center for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), People's Republic of China
| | - Roger Kai Cheong Ngan
- Center for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), People's Republic of China.,Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong (SAR), People's Republic of China
| | - Chun Chung Yau
- Center for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), People's Republic of China.,Department of Oncology, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong (SAR), People's Republic of China
| | - Stewart Yuk Tung
- Center for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), People's Republic of China.,Department of Clinical Oncology, Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong (SAR), People's Republic of China
| | - Victor Ho Fun Lee
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), People's Republic of China.,Center for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), People's Republic of China
| | - Alfred King-Yin Lam
- Department of Cancer Molecular Pathology, Griffith Medical School and Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Suja Pillai
- Department of Cancer Molecular Pathology, Griffith Medical School and Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Simon Law
- Center for Cancer Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), People's Republic of China.,Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), People's Republic of China
| | - Maria Li Lung
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), People's Republic of China.,Center for Cancer Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), People's Republic of China.,Center for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wang LT, Jiang SS, Ting CH, Hsu PJ, Chang CC, Sytwu HK, Liu KJ, Yen BL. Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Results in Downregulation of c-Myc and DNA Replication Pathways with Immunomodulation Toward CD4 and CD8 Cells. Stem Cells 2018; 36:903-914. [PMID: 29396902 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Multilineage tissue-source mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess strong immunomodulatory properties and are excellent therapeutic agents, but require constant isolation from donors to combat replicative senescence. The differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) into MSCs offers a renewable source of MSCs; however, reports on their immunomodulatory capacity have been discrepant. Using MSCs differentiated from iPSCs reprogrammed using diverse cell types and protocols, and in comparison to human embryonic stem cell (ESC)-MSCs and bone marrow (BM)-MSCs, we performed transcriptome analyses and assessed for functional immunomodulatory properties. Differentiation of MSCs from iPSCs results in decreased c-Myc expression and its downstream pathway along with a concomitant downregulation in the DNA replication pathway. All four lines of iPSC-MSCs can significantly suppress in vitro activated human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) proliferation to a similar degree as ESC-MSCs and BM-MSCs, and modulate CD4 T lymphocyte fate from a type 1 helper T cell (Th1) and IL-17A-expressing (Th17) cell fate to a regulatory T cell (Treg) phenotype. Moreover, iPSC-MSCs significantly suppress cytotoxic CD8 T proliferation, activation, and differentiation into type 1 cytotoxic T (Tc1) and IL-17-expressing CD8 T (Tc17) cells. Coculture of activated PBMCs with human iPSC-MSCs results in an overall shift of secreted cytokine profile from a pro-inflammatory environment to a more immunotolerant milieu. iPSC-MSC immunomodulation was also validated in vivo in a mouse model of induced inflammation. These findings support that iPSC-MSCs possess low oncogenicity and strong immunomodulatory properties regardless of cell-of-origin or reprogramming method and are good potential candidates for therapeutic use. Stem Cells 2018;36:903-914.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Tzu Wang
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center (NDMC), Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Cellular & System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), Zhunan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shih-Sheng Jiang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, NHRI, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chiao-Hsuan Ting
- Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Cellular & System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), Zhunan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Pei-Ju Hsu
- Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Cellular & System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), Zhunan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chia-Chi Chang
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center (NDMC), Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Cellular & System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), Zhunan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Huey-Kang Sytwu
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center (NDMC), Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Department and Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, NDMC, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ko-Jiunn Liu
- National Institute of Cancer Research, NHRI, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - B Linju Yen
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center (NDMC), Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Cellular & System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), Zhunan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Oshimura M, Uno N, Kazuki Y, Katoh M, Inoue T. A pathway from chromosome transfer to engineering resulting in human and mouse artificial chromosomes for a variety of applications to bio-medical challenges. Chromosome Res 2015; 23:111-33. [PMID: 25657031 PMCID: PMC4365188 DOI: 10.1007/s10577-014-9459-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Microcell-mediated chromosome transfer (MMCT) is a technique to transfer a chromosome from defined donor cells into recipient cells and to manipulate chromosomes as gene delivery vectors and open a new avenue in somatic cell genetics. However, it is difficult to uncover the function of a single specific gene via the transfer of an entire chromosome or fragment, because each chromosome or fragment contains a set of numerous genes. Thus, alternative tools are human artificial chromosome (HAC) and mouse artificial chromosome (MAC) vectors, which can carry a gene or genes of interest. HACs/MACs have been generated mainly by either a "top-down approach" (engineered creation) or a "bottom-up approach" (de novo creation). HACs/MACs with one or more acceptor sites exhibit several characteristics required by an ideal gene delivery vector, including stable episomal maintenance and the capacity to carry large genomic loci plus their regulatory elements, thus allowing the physiological regulation of the introduced gene in a manner similar to that of native chromosomes. The MMCT technique is also applied for manipulating HACs and MACs in donor cells and delivering them to recipient cells. This review describes the lessons learned and prospects identified from studies on the construction of HACs and MACs, and their ability to drive exogenous gene expression in cultured cells and transgenic animals via MMCT. New avenues for a variety of applications to bio-medical challenges are also proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuo Oshimura
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan,
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Lung ML, Cheung AKL, Ko JMY, Lung HL, Cheng Y, Dai W. The interplay of host genetic factors and Epstein-Barr virus in the development of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CANCER 2015; 33:556-68. [PMID: 25367335 PMCID: PMC4244319 DOI: 10.5732/cjc.014.10170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The interplay between host cell genetics and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection contributes to the development of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Understanding the host genetic and epigenetic alterations and the influence of EBV on cell signaling and host gene regulation will aid in understanding the molecular pathogenesis of NPC and provide useful biomarkers and targets for diagnosis and therapy. In this review, we provide an update of the oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes associated with NPC, as well as genes associated with NPC risk including those involved in carcinogen detoxification and DNA repair. We also describe the importance of host genetics that govern the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) complex and immune responses, and we describe the impact of EBV infection on host cell signaling changes and epigenetic regulation of gene expression. High-power genomic sequencing approaches are needed to elucidate the genetic basis for inherited susceptibility to NPC and to identify the genes and pathways driving its molecular pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Li Lung
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Center for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P. R. China.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Dai W, Cheung AKL, Ko JMY, Cheng Y, Zheng H, Ngan RKC, Ng WT, Lee AWM, Yau CC, Lee VHF, Lung ML. Comparative methylome analysis in solid tumors reveals aberrant methylation at chromosome 6p in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Cancer Med 2015; 4:1079-90. [PMID: 25924914 PMCID: PMC4529346 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Altered patterns of DNA methylation are key features of cancer. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) has the highest incidence in Southern China. Aberrant methylation at the promoter region of tumor suppressors is frequently reported in NPC; however, genome-wide methylation changes have not been comprehensively investigated. Therefore, we systematically analyzed methylome data in 25 primary NPC tumors and nontumor counterparts using a high-throughput approach with the Illumina HumanMethylation450 BeadChip. Comparatively, we examined the methylome data of 11 types of solid tumors collected by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). In NPC, the hypermethylation pattern was more dominant than hypomethylation and the majority of de novo methylated loci were within or close to CpG islands in tumors. The comparative methylome analysis reveals hypermethylation at chromosome 6p21.3 frequently occurred in NPC (false discovery rate; FDR=1.33 × 10−9), but was less obvious in other types of solid tumors except for prostate and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)-positive gastric cancer (FDR<10−3). Bisulfite pyrosequencing results further confirmed the aberrant methylation at 6p in an additional patient cohort. Evident enrichment of the repressive mark H3K27me3 and active mark H3K4me3 derived from human embryonic stem cells were found at these regions, indicating both DNA methylation and histone modification function together, leading to epigenetic deregulation in NPC. Our study highlights the importance of epigenetic deregulation in NPC. Polycomb Complex 2 (PRC2), responsible for H3K27 trimethylation, is a promising therapeutic target. A key genomic region on 6p with aberrant methylation was identified. This region contains several important genes having potential use as biomarkers for NPC detection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Dai
- Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), China
| | | | - Josephine Mun Yee Ko
- Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), China
| | - Yue Cheng
- Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), China
| | - Hong Zheng
- Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), China
| | - Roger Kai Cheong Ngan
- Center for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), China.,Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong (SAR), China
| | - Wai Tong Ng
- Center for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), China.,Department of Clinical Oncology, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong (SAR), China
| | - Anne Wing Mui Lee
- Center for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), China.,Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chun Chung Yau
- Center for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), China.,Department of Oncology, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong (SAR), China
| | - Victor Ho Fu Lee
- Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), China
| | - Maria Li Lung
- Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), China.,Center for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Shuen WH, Kan R, Yu Z, Lung HL, Lung ML. Novel lentiviral-inducible transgene expression systems and versatile single-plasmid reporters for in vitro and in vivo cancer biology studies. Cancer Gene Ther 2015; 22:207-14. [PMID: 25721206 DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2015.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Many of the cancer cell lines derived from solid tumors are difficult to transfect using commonly established transfection approaches. This hurdle for some DNA transfection systems has hindered cancer biology studies. Moreover, there are limited tools for studying pathway activities. Therefore, highly efficient improved gene transfer and versatile genetic tools are required. In this study, we established and developed a comprehensive set of new lentiviral tools to study gene functions and pathway activities. Using the optimized conditions, cancer cell lines achieved >90% transduction efficiency. Novel lentiviral doxycycline-regulated pTet-IRES-EGFP (pTIE) systems for transgene expression and TRE reporters used for pathway activity determination were developed and tested. The pTIE Tet-Off system showed in vitro doxycycline-sensitive responses with low or undetectable leakage of protein expression and in vivo tumor suppression as illustrated using candidate tumor suppressors, Fibulin-2 and THY1. In contrast, the Tet-On system showed dose-dependent responses. The pTRE-EGFP (pTE) and pTRE-FLuc-EF1α-RLuc (pT-FER) reporters with the NFκB p65 subunit consensus sequence showed GFP and firefly luciferase responses, which were directly correlated with TNFα stimulation, respectively. Taken together, these newly developed lentiviral systems provide versatile in vitro and in vivo platforms to strengthen our capabilities for cancer biology studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W H Shuen
- Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), China
| | - R Kan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), China
| | - Z Yu
- Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), China
| | - H L Lung
- 1] Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), China [2] Center for Cancer Research, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), China [3] Center for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), China
| | - M L Lung
- 1] Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), China [2] Center for Cancer Research, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), China [3] Center for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Nilsson D, Henmyr V, Halldén C, Säll T, Kull I, Wickman M, Melén E, Cardell LO. Replication of genomewide associations with allergic sensitization and allergic rhinitis. Allergy 2014; 69:1506-14. [PMID: 25066275 DOI: 10.1111/all.12495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Three genomewide metastudies have recently reported associations with self-reported allergic rhinitis and allergic sensitization. The three studies together identified a set of 37 loci but showed low concordance. This study investigates the reproducibility of the detected single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) associations in an extensively characterized longitudinal cohort, BAMSE. METHODS Phenotypic evaluation of allergic rhinitis (AR) and allergic sensitization was performed on 2153 children from BAMSE at 8 and 16 years of age. Allele frequencies of 39 SNPs were investigated for association with the exact allergic phenotypes of the metastudies. Odds ratios and false discovery rates were calculated, and the impact of asthma was evaluated. The cases were also evaluated for age at onset effects (≤ or >8 years of age). RESULTS Association tests of the 39 SNPs identified 12 SNPs with P-values < 0.05 and Q-values < 0.10. Two of the four loci (TLR6-TLR1 and HLA-DQA1-HLA-DQB1) identified in all three original studies were also identified in this study. Three SNPs located in the TLR6-TLR1 locus had the lowest P-values and Q-values < 0.1 when using a well-defined AR phenotype. Two loci showed significant age at onset effects, but the effect of asthma on the associations was very limited. CONCLUSION The TLR6-TLR1 locus is likely to have a central role in the development of allergic disease. The association between genetic variation in the SSTR1-MIPOL1 and TSLP-SLC25A46 loci and age at onset is the first report of age at onset effects in allergic rhinitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D. Nilsson
- Division of ENT Diseases; CLINTEC; Karolinska Institutet; Huddinge Sweden
- Biomedicine; Kristianstad University; Kristianstad Sweden
| | - V. Henmyr
- Division of ENT Diseases; CLINTEC; Karolinska Institutet; Huddinge Sweden
- Biomedicine; Kristianstad University; Kristianstad Sweden
| | - C. Halldén
- Biomedicine; Kristianstad University; Kristianstad Sweden
| | - T. Säll
- Department of Biology; Lund University; Lund Sweden
| | - I. Kull
- Department of Clinical Science and Education; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
- Institute of Environmental Medicine Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
- Sachs Children's Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
| | - M. Wickman
- Institute of Environmental Medicine Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
- Sachs Children's Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
| | - E. Melén
- Institute of Environmental Medicine Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
- Sachs Children's Hospital; Stockholm Sweden
| | - L. O. Cardell
- Division of ENT Diseases; CLINTEC; Karolinska Institutet; Huddinge Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Physiological β-catenin signaling controls self-renewal networks and generation of stem-like cells from nasopharyngeal carcinoma. BMC Cell Biol 2013; 14:44. [PMID: 24073846 PMCID: PMC3819748 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2121-14-44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A few reports suggested that low levels of Wnt signaling might drive cell reprogramming, but these studies could not establish a clear relationship between Wnt signaling and self-renewal networks. There are ongoing debates as to whether and how the Wnt/β-catenin signaling is involved in the control of pluripotency gene networks. Additionally, whether physiological β-catenin signaling generates stem-like cells through interactions with other pathways is as yet unclear. The nasopharyngeal carcinoma HONE1 cells have low expression of β-catenin and wild-type expression of p53, which provided a possibility to study regulatory mechanism of stemness networks induced by physiological levels of Wnt signaling in these cells. Results Introduction of increased β-catenin signaling, haploid expression of β-catenin under control by its natural regulators in transferred chromosome 3, resulted in activation of Wnt/β-catenin networks and dedifferentiation in HONE1 hybrid cell lines, but not in esophageal carcinoma SLMT1 hybrid cells that had high levels of endogenous β-catenin expression. HONE1 hybrid cells displayed stem cell-like properties, including enhancement of CD24+ and CD44+ populations and generation of spheres that were not observed in parental HONE1 cells. Signaling cascades were detected in HONE1 hybrid cells, including activation of p53- and RB1-mediated tumor suppressor pathways, up-regulation of Nanog-, Oct4-, Sox2-, and Klf4-mediated pluripotency networks, and altered E-cadherin expression in both in vitro and in vivo assays. qPCR array analyses further revealed interactions of physiological Wnt/β-catenin signaling with other pathways such as epithelial-mesenchymal transition, TGF-β, Activin, BMPR, FGFR2, and LIFR- and IL6ST-mediated cell self-renewal networks. Using β-catenin shRNA inhibitory assays, a dominant role for β-catenin in these cellular network activities was observed. The expression of cell surface markers such as CD9, CD24, CD44, CD90, and CD133 in generated spheres was progressively up-regulated compared to HONE1 hybrid cells. Thirty-four up-regulated components of the Wnt pathway were identified in these spheres. Conclusions Wnt/β-catenin signaling regulates self-renewal networks and plays a central role in the control of pluripotency genes, tumor suppressive pathways and expression of cancer stem cell markers. This current study provides a novel platform to investigate the interaction of physiological Wnt/β-catenin signaling with stemness transition networks.
Collapse
|
25
|
Cheung AKL, Ip JCY, Lung HL, Wu JZ, Tsao SW, Lung ML. Polo-like kinase inhibitor Ro5203280 has potent antitumor activity in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Mol Cancer Ther 2013; 12:1393-401. [PMID: 23686835 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-12-1219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is a cancer with its highest prevalence among the southern Chinese and is rare elsewhere in the world. The main treatment modalities include chemotherapy and radiotherapy. However, tumor chemoresistance often limits the efficacy of nasopharyngeal carcinoma treatment and reduces survival rates. Thus, identifying new selective chemotherapeutic drugs for nasopharyngeal carcinoma treatment is needed. In this current study, the antitumor efficacy of a polo-like kinase inhibitor, Ro5203280, was investigated. Ro5203280 induces tumor suppression both in vitro and in vivo. An inhibitory effect was observed with the highly proliferating cancer cell lines tested, but not with the nontumorigenic cell line. Real-time cell proliferation and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis, together with immunohistochemical (IHC), immunofluorescence, and Annexin V staining assays, were used to evaluate the impact of drug treatment on cell cycle and apoptosis. Ro5203280 induces G2-M cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis. Western blotting shows it inhibits PLK1 phosphorylation and downregulates the downstream signaling molecule, Cdc25c, and upregulates two important mitosis regulators, Wee1 and Securin, as well as the DNA damage-related factor Chk2 in vitro and in vivo. In vivo tumorigenicity assays with Ro5203280 intravenous injection showed its potent ability to inhibit tumor growth in mice, with no observable signs of toxicity. These findings suggest the potential usefulness of Ro5203280 as a chemotherapeutic targeting drug for nasopharyngeal carcinoma treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Kwok Leung Cheung
- Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong (SAR), People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Canel N, Bevacqua R, Hiriart MI, Salamone D. Replication of somatic micronuclei in bovine enucleated oocytes. Cell Div 2012; 7:23. [PMID: 23173571 PMCID: PMC3564703 DOI: 10.1186/1747-1028-7-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2012] [Accepted: 11/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Microcell-mediated chromosome transfer (MMCT) was developed to introduce a low number of chromosomes into a host cell. We have designed a novel technique combining part of MMCT with somatic cell nuclear transfer, which consists of injecting a somatic micronucleus into an enucleated oocyte, and inducing its cellular machinery to replicate such micronucleus. It would allow the isolation and manipulation of a single or a low number of somatic chromosomes. Methods Micronuclei from adult bovine fibroblasts were produced by incubation in 0.05 μg/ml demecolcine for 46 h followed by 2 mg/ml mitomycin for 2 h. Cells were finally treated with 10 μg/ml cytochalasin B for 1 h. In vitro matured bovine oocytes were mechanically enucleated and intracytoplasmatically injected with one somatic micronucleus, which had been previously exposed [Micronucleus- injected (+)] or not [Micronucleus- injected (−)] to a transgene (50 ng/μl pCX-EGFP) during 5 min. Enucleated oocytes [Enucleated (+)] and parthenogenetic [Parthenogenetic (+)] controls were injected into the cytoplasm with less than 10 pl of PVP containing 50 ng/μl pCX-EGFP. A non-injected parthenogenetic control [Parthenogenetic (−)] was also included. Two hours after injection, oocytes and reconstituted embryos were activated by incubation in 5 μM ionomycin for 4 min + 1.9 mM 6-DMAP for 3 h. Cleavage stage and egfp expression were evaluated. DNA replication was confirmed by DAPI staining. On day 2, Micronucleus- injected (−), Parthenogenetic (−) and in vitro fertilized (IVF) embryos were karyotyped. Differences among treatments were determined by Fisher′s exact test (p≤0.05). Results All the experimental groups underwent the first cell divisions. Interestingly, a low number of Micronucleus-injected embryos showed egfp expression. DAPI staining confirmed replication of micronuclei in most of the evaluated embryos. Karyotype analysis revealed that all Micronucleus-injected embryos had fewer than 15 chromosomes per blastomere (from 1 to 13), while none of the IVF and Parthenogenetic controls showed less than 30 chromosomes per spread. Conclusions We have developed a new method to replicate somatic micronuclei, by using the replication machinery of the oocyte. This could be a useful tool for making chromosome transfer, which could be previously targeted for transgenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Canel
- Laboratorio Biotecnología Animal, Departamento de Producción Animal, Facultad Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av, San Martín 4453, C1417DSE, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
CD105 (Endoglin) exerts prognostic effects via its role in the microvascular niche of paediatric high grade glioma. Acta Neuropathol 2012; 124:99-110. [PMID: 22311740 PMCID: PMC3377898 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-012-0952-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2011] [Revised: 01/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Paediatric high grade glioma (pHGG) (World Health Organisation astrocytoma grades III and IV) remains poor prognosis tumours, with a median survival of only 15 months following diagnosis. Current investigation of anti-angiogenic strategies has focused on adult glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) with phase III trials targeting vascular endothelial growth factor continuing. In this study we investigated whether the degree of vascularity correlated with prognosis in a large cohort of pHGG (n = 150) and whether different vessel markers carried different prognostic value. We found that CD105 (endoglin) had a strongly significant association with poor prognosis on multivariate analysis (p = <0.001). Supervised hierarchical clustering of genome wide gene expression data identified 13 genes associated with differential degrees of vascularity in the cohort. The novel angiogenesis-associated genes identified in this analysis (including MIPOL-1 and ENPP5) were validated by realtime polymerase chain reaction. We also demonstrate that CD105 positive blood vessels associate with CD133 positive tumour cells and that a proportion of CD105 positive vessel cells demonstrates co-positivity for CD133, suggesting that the recently described phenomenon of vasculogenic mimicry occurs in pHGG. Together, the data suggest that targeting angiogenesis, and in particular CD105, is a valid therapeutic strategy for pHGG.
Collapse
|
28
|
Everly D, Sharma-Walia N, Sadagopan S, Chandran B. Herpesviruses and Cancer. CANCER ASSOCIATED VIRUSES 2012:133-167. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-0016-5_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
|
29
|
Huang Z, Cheng Y, Chiu PM, Cheung FMF, Nicholls JM, Kwong DLW, Lee AWM, Zabarovsky ER, Stanbridge EJ, Lung HL, Lung ML. Tumor suppressor Alpha B-crystallin (CRYAB) associates with the cadherin/catenin adherens junction and impairs NPC progression-associated properties. Oncogene 2011; 31:3709-20. [PMID: 22158051 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2011.529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Alpha B-crystallin (CRYAB) maps within the nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) tumor-suppressive critical region 11q22-23 and its downregulation is significantly associated with the progression of NPC. However, little is known about the functional impact of CRYAB on NPC progression. In this study we evaluated the NPC tumor-suppressive and progression-associated functions of CRYAB. Activation of CRYAB suppressed NPC tumor formation in nude mice. Overexpression of CRYAB affected NPC progression-associated phenotypes such as loss of cell adhesion, invasion, interaction with the tumor microenvironment, invasive protrusion formation in three dimensional Matrigel culture, as well as expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition-associated markers. CRYAB mediates this ability to suppress cancer progression by inhibition of E-cadherin cytoplasmic internalization and maintenance of β-catenin in the membrane that subsequently reduces the levels of expression of critical downstream targets such as cyclin-D1 and c-myc. Both ectopically expressed and recombinant CRYAB proteins were associated with endogenous E-cadherin and β-catenin, and, thus, the cadherin/catenin adherens junction. The CRYAB α-crystallin core domain is responsible for the interaction of CRYAB with both E-cadherin and β-catenin. Taken together, these results indicate that CRYAB functions to suppress NPC progression by associating with the cadherin/catenin adherens junction and modulating the β-catenin function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z Huang
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Center for Cancer Research, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (SAR), PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Identification of novel tumor suppressor genes down-regulated in recurrent nasopharyngeal cancer by DNA microarray. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2011; 66:120-5. [PMID: 24533370 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-011-0359-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2011] [Accepted: 11/10/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The nasopharyngeal cancer is a common cancer among southern Chinese. In order to better understand molecular mechanism of recurrent nasopharyngeal cancer (rNPC), we used DNA microarray to identify down-regulated tumor suppressed genes (TSGs) in rNPC, and bioinformatics to analyze their chromosomal localizations and molecular functions. Eight non-recurrent nasopharyngeal cancer (nNPC) and six rNPC tissue samples were selected, and Affymetrix Gene1.0 ST chips were used to construct the expression profiling of each tissue sample. Identify the down-regulated TSGs in rNPC by comparing expression profiling data of two type tissue samples. A total of five TSGs were identified to be down-regulated in rNPC. These five TSGs include SERPINF1, TPD52L1, FBLN1, RASSF6, and S100A2, and Signal Log Ratio were -2.2, -2.3, -3.5, -3.9 and -6.9 respectively. Chromosomal localization analysis showed that S100A2, RASSF6, TPD52L1, SERPINF1, and FBLN1 were located on chromosomes 1q, 4q, 6q, 17p and 22q, respectively. Functional analysis showed that SERPINF1 and TPD52L1 belonged to enzyme activity genes, S100A2 and FBLN1 belonged to calcium ion binding genes, RASSF6 belong to protein binding genes. Five TSGs likely to be the candidate TSGs involved in rNPC, and may play important roles in occurrence of rNPC. Chromosomes 1q, 4q, 6q, 17p and 22q may be considered as important region for screening TSGs that may relevant to rNPC. Those genes and chromosomal region need to be further studied.
Collapse
|
31
|
Deciphering the molecular genetic basis of NPC through functional approaches. Semin Cancer Biol 2011; 22:87-95. [PMID: 22154888 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2011.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 11/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The identification of cancer genes in sporadic cancers has been recognized as a major challenge in the field. It is clear that deletion mapping, genomic sequencing, comparative genomic hybridization, or global gene expression profiling alone would not have easily identified candidate tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) from the huge array of lost regions or genes observed in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). In addition, the epigenetically silenced genes would not have been recognized by the mapping of deleted regions. In this review, we describe how functional approaches using monochromosome transfer may be used to circumvent the above problems and identify TSGs in NPC. A few examples of selected NPC TSGs and their functional roles are reviewed. They regulate a variety of gene functions including cell growth and proliferation, adhesion, migration, invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, metastasis, and angiogenesis. These studies show the advantages of using functional approaches for identification of TSGs.
Collapse
|
32
|
Fang EF, Bah CSF, Wong JH, Pan WL, Chan YS, Ye XJ, Ng TB. A potential human hepatocellular carcinoma inhibitor from Bauhinia purpurea L. seeds: from purification to mechanism exploration. Arch Toxicol 2011; 86:293-304. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-011-0751-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2011] [Accepted: 09/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
33
|
Law EWL, Cheung AKL, Kashuba VI, Pavlova TV, Zabarovsky ER, Lung HL, Cheng Y, Chua D, Lai-Wan Kwong D, Tsao SW, Sasaki T, Stanbridge EJ, Lung ML. Anti-angiogenic and tumor-suppressive roles of candidate tumor-suppressor gene, Fibulin-2, in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Oncogene 2011; 31:728-38. [PMID: 21743496 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2011.272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Fibulin-2 (FBLN2) has been identified as a candidate tumor-suppressor gene in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Originally identified through a chromosome 3 NotI genomic microarray screen, it shows frequent deletion or methylation in NPC. FBLN2 is located on chromosome 3p25.1 and is associated with tumor development through its important interactions with the extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. FBLN2 encodes two isoforms. The short isoform (FBLN2S) is expressed abundantly in normal tissues, but is dramatically downregulated in NPC, while the long isoform (FBLN2L) is either not detectable or is expressed only at low levels in both normal and tumor tissues. Reintroduction of this FBLN2S inhibited cell proliferation, migration, invasion and angiogenesis in vitro. Furthermore, in vivo studies in nude mice show its expression is associated with tumor and angiogenesis suppression. FBLN2-associated angiogenesis occurs via concomitant downregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor and matrix metalloproteinase 2. This study provides compelling evidence that FBLN2S has an important tumor-suppressive and anti-angiogenic role in NPC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E W L Law
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Center for Cancer Research, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong (SAR), PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Role of DNA methylation in head and neck cancer. Clin Epigenetics 2011; 2:123-50. [PMID: 22704334 PMCID: PMC3365391 DOI: 10.1007/s13148-011-0045-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2011] [Accepted: 06/14/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancer (HNC) is a heterogenous and complex entity including diverse anatomical sites and a variety of tumor types displaying unique characteristics and different etilogies. Both environmental and genetic factors play a role in the development of the disease, but the underlying mechanism is still far from clear. Previous studies suggest that alterations in the genes acting in cellular signal pathways may contribute to head and neck carcinogenesis. In cancer, DNA methylation patterns display specific aberrations even in the early and precancerous stages and may confer susceptibility to further genetic or epigenetic changes. Silencing of the genes by hypermethylation or induction of oncogenes by promoter hypomethylation are frequent mechanisms in different types of cancer and achieve increasing diagnostic and therapeutic importance since the changes are reversible. Therefore, methylation analysis may provide promising clinical applications, including the development of new biomarkers and prediction of the therapeutic response or prognosis. In this review, we aimed to analyze the available information indicating a role for the epigenetic changes in HNC.
Collapse
|
35
|
Cysteine-rich intestinal protein 2 (CRIP2) acts as a repressor of NF-kappaB-mediated proangiogenic cytokine transcription to suppress tumorigenesis and angiogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108:8390-5. [PMID: 21540330 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1101747108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosome 14 was transferred into tumorigenic nasopharyngeal carcinoma and esophageal carcinoma cell lines by a microcell-mediated chromosome transfer approach. Functional complementation of defects present in the cancer cells suppressed tumor formation. A candidate tumor-suppressor gene, cysteine-rich intestinal protein 2 (CRIP2), located in the hot spot for chromosomal loss at 14q32.3, was identified as an important candidate gene capable of functionally suppressing tumor formation. Previous studies have shown that CRIP2 is associated with development. To date, no report has provided functional evidence supporting a role for CRIP2 in tumor development. The present study provides unequivocal evidence that CRIP2 can functionally suppress tumorigenesis. CRIP2 is significantly down-regulated in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell lines and tumors. CRIP2 reexpression functionally suppresses in vivo tumorigenesis and angiogenesis; these effects are induced by its transcription-repressor capability. It interacts with the NF-κB/p65 to inhibit its DNA-binding ability to the promoter regions of the major proangiogenesis cytokines critical for tumor progression, including IL6, IL8, and VEGF. In conclusion, we provide compelling evidence that CRIP2 acts as a transcription repressor of the NF-κB-mediated proangiogenic cytokine expression and thus functionally inhibits tumor formation and angiogenesis.
Collapse
|
36
|
Li LL, Shu XS, Wang ZH, Cao Y, Tao Q. Epigenetic disruption of cell signaling in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CANCER 2011; 30:231-9. [PMID: 21439244 PMCID: PMC4013349 DOI: 10.5732/cjc.011.10080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2011] [Revised: 03/09/2011] [Accepted: 03/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignancy with remarkable ethnic and geographic distribution in southern China and Southeast Asia. Alternative to genetic changes, aberrant epigenetic events disrupt multiple genes involved in cell signaling pathways through DNA methylation of promoter CpG islands and/or histone modifications. These epigenetic alterations grant cell growth advantage and contribute to the initiation and progression of NPC. In this review, we summarize the epigenetic deregulation of cell signaling in NPC tumorigenesis and highlight the importance of identifying epigenetic cell signaling regulators in NPC research. Developing pharmacologic strategies to reverse the epigenetic-silencing of cell signaling regulators might thus be useful to NPC prevention and therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Li Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cancer Nanotechnology, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-CUHK, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China;
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Sir YK Pao Center for Cancer, Department of Clinical Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong and CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518057, P. R. China;
- Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P. R. China.
| | - Xing-Sheng Shu
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Sir YK Pao Center for Cancer, Department of Clinical Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong and CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518057, P. R. China;
| | - Zhao-Hui Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cancer Nanotechnology, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-CUHK, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China;
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Sir YK Pao Center for Cancer, Department of Clinical Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong and CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518057, P. R. China;
| | - Ya Cao
- Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P. R. China.
| | - Qian Tao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cancer Nanotechnology, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-CUHK, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P. R. China;
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Sir YK Pao Center for Cancer, Department of Clinical Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong and CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518057, P. R. China;
| |
Collapse
|