1
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Huang Q, Sheng H. Magnetic-Field-Induced Spin Regulation in Electrocatalytic Reactions. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400352. [PMID: 38470164 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
The utilization of a magnetic field to manipulate spin states has emerged as a novel approach to enhance efficiency in electrocatalytic reactions, distinguishing from traditional strategies that focus on tuning activation energy barriers. Currently, this approach is specifically tailored to reactions where spin states change during the catalytic process, such as the oxidation of singlet H2O to triplet O2. In the magnetically enhanced oxygen evolution reaction (OER) procedure, the parallel spin alignment on the ferromagnetic catalyst was induced by the external magnetic field, facilitating the triplet O-O bonding, which is the rate limiting step in OER. This review centers on recent advancements in harnessing external magnetic fields to enhance OER performance, delving into mechanistic approaches for this magnetic promotion. Additionally, we provide a summary of magnetic field application in other electrocatalytic reactions, including oxygen reduction, methanol oxidation, and CO2 reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Hua Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
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2
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Mitra K, Adalder A, Mandal S, Ghorai UK. Enhancing Electrochemical Reactivity with Magnetic Fields: Unraveling the Role of Magneto-Electrochemistry. SMALL METHODS 2024:e2301132. [PMID: 38221715 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202301132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Electrocatalysis performs a vital role in numerous energy transformation and repository mechanics, including power cells, Electric field-assisted catalysis, and batteries. It is crucial to investigate new methods to improve electrocatalytic performance if effective and long-lasting power systems are developed. The modulation of catalytic activity and selectivity by external magnetic fields over electrochemical processes has received a lot of interest lately. How the use of various magnetic fields in electrocatalysis has great promise for building effective and selective catalysts, opening the door for the advancement of sophisticated energy conversion is discussed. Furthermore, the challenges and possibilities of incorporating magnetic fields into electrocatalytic systems and suggestions for future research areas are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koushik Mitra
- Department of Industrial Chemistry and Applied Chemistry, Swami Vivekananda Research Centre, Ramakrishna Mission Vidyamandira, Belur Math, Howrah, 711202, India
| | - Ashadul Adalder
- Department of Industrial Chemistry and Applied Chemistry, Swami Vivekananda Research Centre, Ramakrishna Mission Vidyamandira, Belur Math, Howrah, 711202, India
| | - Sumit Mandal
- Department of Physics, Vidyasagar College, Kolkata, 700006, India
| | - Uttam Kumar Ghorai
- Department of Industrial Chemistry and Applied Chemistry, Swami Vivekananda Research Centre, Ramakrishna Mission Vidyamandira, Belur Math, Howrah, 711202, India
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3
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Butcher TA, Coey JMD. Magnetic forces in paramagnetic fluids. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2022; 35:053002. [PMID: 36384048 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aca37f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
An overview of the effect of a magnetic field gradient on fluids with linear magnetic susceptibilities is given. It is shown that two commonly encountered expressions, the magnetic field gradient force and the concentration gradient force for paramagnetic species in solution are equivalent for incompressible fluids. The magnetic field gradient and concentration gradient forces are approximations of the Kelvin force and Korteweg-Helmholtz force densities, respectively. The criterion for the appearance of magnetically induced convection is derived. Experimental work in which magnetically induced convection plays a role is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim A Butcher
- School of Physics and CRANN, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - J M D Coey
- School of Physics and CRANN, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
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4
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Jiang X, Chen Y, Zhang X, You F, Yao J, Yang H, Xia BY. Magnetic Field-Assisted Construction and Enhancement of Electrocatalysts. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202201551. [PMID: 36193685 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202201551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Driven by the energy crisis and environmental pollution, developing sustainable clean energy is an effective strategy to realize carbon neutrality. Electrocatalytic reactions are crucial to sustainable energy conversion and storage technologies, and advanced electrocatalysts are required to improve the sluggish electrocatalytic reactions. The magnetic field, as a thermodynamic parameter independent of temperature and pressure, is vital in the construction of electrocatalysts and enhancement of electrocatalysis. In this Review, the recent progress of magnetic field-assisted construction of electrocatalysts and enhancement of electrocatalysis is comprehensively summarized. Originating from the structure-activity-performance relationship of electrocatalysts, the fundamentals of the magnetic field-induced construction of electrocatalysts, including the magnetocaloric effect, nucleation and growth, and phase regulation, have been illustrated. In addition, the magnetic effect on the electrocatalytic reaction, namely, the magnetothermal, magnetohydrodynamic and micro magnetohydrodynamic, Maxwell stress, Kelvin force, and spin selection effects, are discussed. Finally, the perspective and challenges for magnetic field-assisted construction of electrocatalysts and enhancement of electrocatalysis are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueliang Jiang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plasma Chemistry and Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering Process of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Institute of Technology, No. 206 Guanggu 1st Road, Wuhan, 430205, P. R. China
| | - Yana Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plasma Chemistry and Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering Process of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Institute of Technology, No. 206 Guanggu 1st Road, Wuhan, 430205, P. R. China
| | - Xianzheng Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plasma Chemistry and Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering Process of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Institute of Technology, No. 206 Guanggu 1st Road, Wuhan, 430205, P. R. China
| | - Feng You
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plasma Chemistry and Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering Process of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Institute of Technology, No. 206 Guanggu 1st Road, Wuhan, 430205, P. R. China
| | - Junlong Yao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plasma Chemistry and Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering Process of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Institute of Technology, No. 206 Guanggu 1st Road, Wuhan, 430205, P. R. China
| | - Huan Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plasma Chemistry and Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering Process of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Institute of Technology, No. 206 Guanggu 1st Road, Wuhan, 430205, P. R. China
| | - Bao Yu Xia
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
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5
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Kume E, Martin N, Dunne P, Baroni P, Noirez L. Collective Effects in Ionic Liquid [emim][Tf2N] and Ionic Paramagnetic Nitrate Solutions without Long-Range Structuring. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27227829. [PMID: 36431929 PMCID: PMC9699087 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesoscopic shear elasticity has been revealed in ordinary liquids both experimentally by reinforcing the liquid/surface interfacial energy and theoretically by nonextensive models. The elastic effects are here examined in the frame of small molecules with strong electrostatic interactions such as room temperature ionic liquids [emim][Tf2N] and nitrate solutions exhibiting paramagnetic properties. We first show that these charged fluids also exhibit a nonzero low-frequency shear elasticity at the submillimeter scale, highlighting their resistance to shear stress. A neutron scattering study completes the dynamic mechanical analysis of the paramagnetic nitrate solution, evidencing that the magnetic properties do not induce the formation of a structure in the solution. We conclude that the elastic correlations contained in liquids usually considered as viscous away from any phase transition contribute in an effective way to collective effects under external stress whether mechanical or magnetic fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eni Kume
- Laboratoire Léon Brillouin (CEA-CNRS), Université Paris-Saclay, CEDEX, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Nicolas Martin
- Laboratoire Léon Brillouin (CEA-CNRS), Université Paris-Saclay, CEDEX, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Peter Dunne
- Institut de Physique et de Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, CNRS-UMR7504, 23 rue du Loess, CEDEX 2 BP 43, 67034 Strasbourg, France
| | - Patrick Baroni
- Laboratoire Léon Brillouin (CEA-CNRS), Université Paris-Saclay, CEDEX, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Laurence Noirez
- Laboratoire Léon Brillouin (CEA-CNRS), Université Paris-Saclay, CEDEX, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Correspondence:
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6
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Rurainsky C, Nettler DR, Pahl T, Just A, Cignoni P, Kanokkanchana K, Tschulik K. Electrochemical Dealloying in a Magnetic Field – Tapping the Potential for Catalyst and Material Design. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.140807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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7
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Dev AA, Dunne P, Hermans TM, Doudin B. Fluid Drag Reduction by Magnetic Confinement. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:719-726. [PMID: 34982565 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The frictional forces of a viscous liquid flow are a major energy loss issue and severely limit microfluidics practical use. Reducing this drag by more than a few tens of percent remain elusive. Here, we show how cylindrical liquid-in-liquid flow leads to drag reduction of 60-99% for sub-mm and mm-sized channels, regardless of whether the viscosity of the transported liquid is larger or smaller than that of the confining one. In contrast to lubrication or sheath flow, we do not require a continuous flow of the confining lubricant, here made of a ferrofluid held in place by magnetic forces. In a laminar flow model with appropriate boundary conditions, we introduce a modified Reynolds number with a scaling that depends on geometrical factors and viscosity ratio of the two liquids. It explains our whole range of data and reveals the key design parameters for optimizing the drag reduction values. Our approach promises a new route for microfluidics designs with pressure gradient reduced by orders of magnitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvind Arun Dev
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, UMR 7504 CNRS-UdS, 67034 Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, UMR7140, 4 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67081 Strasbourg, France
| | - Peter Dunne
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, UMR 7504 CNRS-UdS, 67034 Strasbourg, France
| | - Thomas M Hermans
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, UMR7140, 4 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67081 Strasbourg, France
| | - Bernard Doudin
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, UMR 7504 CNRS-UdS, 67034 Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, UMR7140, 4 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67081 Strasbourg, France
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8
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Butcher TA, Prendeville L, Rafferty A, Trtik P, Boillat P, Coey JMD. Neutron Imaging of Paramagnetic Ions: Electrosorption by Carbon Aerogels and Macroscopic Magnetic Forces. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2021; 125:21831-21839. [PMID: 34676016 PMCID: PMC8521529 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c06031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The electrosorption of Gd3+ ions from an aqueous 70 mM Gd(NO3)3 solution in monolithic carbon aerogel electrodes was recorded by dynamic neutron imaging. The aerogels have a bimodal pore size distribution consisting of macropores and mesopores centered at 115 and 15 nm, respectively. After the uptake of Gd3+ ions by the negatively charged surface of the porous structure, an inhomogeneous magnetic field was applied to the system of discharging electrodes. This led to a convective flow and confinement of Gd(NO3)3 solution in the magnetic field gradient. Thus, a way to desalt and capture paramagnetic ions from an initially homogeneous solution is established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim A. Butcher
- School
of Physics and CRANN, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | | | - Aran Rafferty
- AMBER
Centre and School of Chemistry, Trinity
College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Pavel Trtik
- Laboratory
for Neutron Scattering and Imaging, Paul
Scherrer Institut, Villigen CH-5232, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Boillat
- Laboratory
for Neutron Scattering and Imaging, Paul
Scherrer Institut, Villigen CH-5232, Switzerland
- Electrochemistry
Laboratory, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen CH-5232, Switzerland
| | - J. M. D. Coey
- School
of Physics and CRANN, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
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9
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Fritzsche B, Mutschke G, Meinel TJ, Yang X, Lei Z, Eckert K. Oscillatory surface deformation of paramagnetic rare-earth solutions driven by an inhomogeneous magnetic field. Phys Rev E 2020; 101:062601. [PMID: 32688567 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.101.062601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The deformation of the free surface of a paramagnetic liquid subjected to a nonuniform magnetic field is studied. A transient deformation of the surface caused by the interplay of gravity, magnetic field, and surface tension is observed when a permanent magnet is moved vertically downward to the free surface of the liquid. Different concentrations of rare-earth-metal salt (DyCl_{3}) are used and different magnet velocities are studied. The deformation of the interface is followed optically by means of a microscope and recorded with a high-speed camera. The experimental results are compared and discussed with complementary numerical simulations. Detailed results are given for the static shape of the deformed surface and the temporal evolution of the surface deformation below the center of the magnet. The frequency of the surface oscillations is found to depend on the concentration of the salt and is compared with analytical findings. Finally, a potential application of the effects observed is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Fritzsche
- Institute of Process Engineering and Environmental Technology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - G Mutschke
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Fluid Dynamics, Bautzener Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - T J Meinel
- Institute of Process Engineering and Environmental Technology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - X Yang
- Institute of Process Engineering and Environmental Technology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany.,Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Fluid Dynamics, Bautzener Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Z Lei
- Institute of Process Engineering and Environmental Technology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany.,Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Fluid Dynamics, Bautzener Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - K Eckert
- Institute of Process Engineering and Environmental Technology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany.,Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Fluid Dynamics, Bautzener Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
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10
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Gupta T, Aithal S, Mishriki S, Sahu RP, Geng F, Puri IK. Label-Free Magnetic-Field-Assisted Assembly of Layer-on-Layer Cellular Structures. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:4294-4303. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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11
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Dunne P, Adachi T, Dev AA, Sorrenti A, Giacchetti L, Bonnin A, Bourdon C, Mangin PH, Coey J, Doudin B, Hermans TM. Liquid flow and control without solid walls. Nature 2020; 581:58-62. [DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2254-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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12
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Lei Z, Fritzsche B, Eckert K. Stability criterion for the magnetic separation of rare-earth ions. Phys Rev E 2020; 101:013109. [PMID: 32069612 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.101.013109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The stability criterion for the magnetic separation of rare-earth ions is studied, taking dysprosium Dy(iii) ions as an example. Emphasis is placed on quantifying the factors that limit the desired high enrichment. During magnetic separation, a layer enriched in Dy(iii) ions is generated via the surface evaporation of an aqueous solution which is levitated by the Kelvin force. Later, mass transport triggers instability in the enriched layer. The onset time and position of the instability is studied using an interferometer. The onset time signals that an advective process which significantly accelerates the stratification of enrichment is taking place, although the initial phase is quasi-diffusion-like. The onset position of the flow agrees well with that predicted with a generalized Rayleigh number (Ra^{*}=0) criterion which includes the Kelvin force term acting antiparallel to gravity. Further three-dimensional analysis of the potential energy, combining magnetic and gravitational terms, shows an energy barrier that has to be overcome to initiate instability. The position of the energy barrier coincides well with the onset position of the instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Lei
- Institute of Fluid Dynamics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Bautzner Landstrasse 400, D-01328 Dresden, Germany.,Institute of Processing Engineering and Environmental Technology, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Barbara Fritzsche
- Institute of Processing Engineering and Environmental Technology, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Kerstin Eckert
- Institute of Fluid Dynamics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Bautzner Landstrasse 400, D-01328 Dresden, Germany.,Institute of Processing Engineering and Environmental Technology, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
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13
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Haehnel V, Khan FZ, Mutschke G, Cierpka C, Uhlemann M, Fritsch I. Combining magnetic forces for contactless manipulation of fluids in microelectrode-microfluidic systems. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5103. [PMID: 30911104 PMCID: PMC6433926 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41284-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel method to drive and manipulate fluid in a contactless way in a microelectrode-microfluidic system is demonstrated by combining the Lorentz and magnetic field gradient forces. The method is based on the redox-reaction [Fe(CN)6]3-/[Fe(CN)6]4- performed in a magnetic field oriented perpendicular to the ionic current that crosses the gap between two arrays of oppositely polarized microelectrodes, generating a magnetohydrodynamic flow. Additionally, a movable magnetized CoFe micro-strip is placed at different positions beneath the gap. In this region, the magnetic flux density is changed locally and a strong magnetic field gradient is formed. The redox-reaction changes the magnetic susceptibility of the electrolyte near the electrodes, and the resulting magnetic field gradient exerts a force on the fluid, which leads to a deflection of the Lorentz force-driven main flow. Particle Image Velocity measurements and numerical simulations demonstrate that by combining the two magnetic forces, the flow is not only redirected, but also a local change of concentration of paramagnetic species is realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Haehnel
- Institute for Complex Materials, IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstr. 20, D-01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Foysal Z Khan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Gerd Mutschke
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstr. 400, D-01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian Cierpka
- Institute of Thermodynamics and Fluid Mechanics,Technische Universität Ilmenau, D-98684, Ilmenau, Germany
| | - Margitta Uhlemann
- Institute for Complex Materials, IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstr. 20, D-01069, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Ingrid Fritsch
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
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14
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Vialetto J, Hayakawa M, Kavokine N, Takinoue M, Varanakkottu SN, Rudiuk S, Anyfantakis M, Morel M, Baigl D. Magnetic Actuation of Drops and Liquid Marbles Using a Deformable Paramagnetic Liquid Substrate. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201710668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Vialetto
- PASTEUR; Department of chemistry; École Normale Supérieure; UPMC Univ. Paris 06; CNRS; PSL Research University; 75005 Paris France
- Sorbonne Universités; UPMC Univ. Paris 06; École Normale Supérieure; CNRS, PASTEUR; 75005 Paris France
| | - Masayuki Hayakawa
- Department of Computer Science; Tokyo Institute of Technology; Kanagawa 226-8502 Japan
- Current address: RIKEN Quantitative Biology Center; Kobe 650-0047 Japan
| | - Nikita Kavokine
- PASTEUR; Department of chemistry; École Normale Supérieure; UPMC Univ. Paris 06; CNRS; PSL Research University; 75005 Paris France
- Sorbonne Universités; UPMC Univ. Paris 06; École Normale Supérieure; CNRS, PASTEUR; 75005 Paris France
- Laboratoire de Physique Statistique; Ecole Normale Supérieure; PSL Research University; 24 rue Lhomond 75005 Paris France
| | - Masahiro Takinoue
- Department of Computer Science; Tokyo Institute of Technology; Kanagawa 226-8502 Japan
| | - Subramanyan Namboodiri Varanakkottu
- PASTEUR; Department of chemistry; École Normale Supérieure; UPMC Univ. Paris 06; CNRS; PSL Research University; 75005 Paris France
- Sorbonne Universités; UPMC Univ. Paris 06; École Normale Supérieure; CNRS, PASTEUR; 75005 Paris France
- Current address: School of Nano Science and Technology Calicut; National Institute of Technology; Kozhikode India
| | - Sergii Rudiuk
- PASTEUR; Department of chemistry; École Normale Supérieure; UPMC Univ. Paris 06; CNRS; PSL Research University; 75005 Paris France
- Sorbonne Universités; UPMC Univ. Paris 06; École Normale Supérieure; CNRS, PASTEUR; 75005 Paris France
| | - Manos Anyfantakis
- PASTEUR; Department of chemistry; École Normale Supérieure; UPMC Univ. Paris 06; CNRS; PSL Research University; 75005 Paris France
- Sorbonne Universités; UPMC Univ. Paris 06; École Normale Supérieure; CNRS, PASTEUR; 75005 Paris France
- Current address: University of Luxembourg; Physics & Materials Science Research Unit; 162a Avenue de la Faiencerie Luxembourg L-1511 Luxembourg
| | - Mathieu Morel
- PASTEUR; Department of chemistry; École Normale Supérieure; UPMC Univ. Paris 06; CNRS; PSL Research University; 75005 Paris France
- Sorbonne Universités; UPMC Univ. Paris 06; École Normale Supérieure; CNRS, PASTEUR; 75005 Paris France
| | - Damien Baigl
- PASTEUR; Department of chemistry; École Normale Supérieure; UPMC Univ. Paris 06; CNRS; PSL Research University; 75005 Paris France
- Sorbonne Universités; UPMC Univ. Paris 06; École Normale Supérieure; CNRS, PASTEUR; 75005 Paris France
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15
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Vialetto J, Hayakawa M, Kavokine N, Takinoue M, Varanakkottu SN, Rudiuk S, Anyfantakis M, Morel M, Baigl D. Magnetic Actuation of Drops and Liquid Marbles Using a Deformable Paramagnetic Liquid Substrate. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:16565-16570. [PMID: 29131511 PMCID: PMC5836889 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201710668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The magnetic actuation of deposited drops has mainly relied on volume forces exerted on the liquid to be transported, which is poorly efficient with conventional diamagnetic liquids such as water and oil, unless magnetosensitive particles are added. Herein, we describe a new and additive‐free way to magnetically control the motion of discrete liquid entities. Our strategy consists of using a paramagnetic liquid as a deformable substrate to direct, using a magnet, the motion of various floating liquid entities, ranging from naked drops to liquid marbles. A broad variety of liquids, including diamagnetic (water, oil) and nonmagnetic ones, can be efficiently transported using the moderate magnetic field (ca. 50 mT) produced by a small permanent magnet. Complex trajectories can be achieved in a reliable manner and multiplexing potential is demonstrated through on‐demand drop fusion. Our paramagnetofluidic method advantageously works without any complex equipment or electric power, in phase with the necessary development of robust and low‐cost analytical and diagnostic fluidic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Vialetto
- PASTEUR, Department of chemistry, École Normale Supérieure, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, CNRS, PSL Research University, 75005, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, PASTEUR, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Masayuki Hayakawa
- Department of Computer Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Kanagawa, 226-8502, Japan.,Current address: RIKEN Quantitative Biology Center, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Nikita Kavokine
- PASTEUR, Department of chemistry, École Normale Supérieure, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, CNRS, PSL Research University, 75005, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, PASTEUR, 75005, Paris, France.,Laboratoire de Physique Statistique, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Masahiro Takinoue
- Department of Computer Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Kanagawa, 226-8502, Japan
| | - Subramanyan Namboodiri Varanakkottu
- PASTEUR, Department of chemistry, École Normale Supérieure, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, CNRS, PSL Research University, 75005, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, PASTEUR, 75005, Paris, France.,Current address: School of Nano Science and Technology Calicut, National Institute of Technology, Kozhikode, India
| | - Sergii Rudiuk
- PASTEUR, Department of chemistry, École Normale Supérieure, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, CNRS, PSL Research University, 75005, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, PASTEUR, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Manos Anyfantakis
- PASTEUR, Department of chemistry, École Normale Supérieure, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, CNRS, PSL Research University, 75005, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, PASTEUR, 75005, Paris, France.,Current address: University of Luxembourg, Physics & Materials Science Research Unit, 162a Avenue de la Faiencerie, Luxembourg, L-1511, Luxembourg
| | - Mathieu Morel
- PASTEUR, Department of chemistry, École Normale Supérieure, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, CNRS, PSL Research University, 75005, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, PASTEUR, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Damien Baigl
- PASTEUR, Department of chemistry, École Normale Supérieure, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, CNRS, PSL Research University, 75005, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, PASTEUR, 75005, Paris, France
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16
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Franczak A, Binnemans K, Jan Fransaer JF. Magnetomigration of rare-earth ions in inhomogeneous magnetic fields. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:27342-27350. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp02575g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In magnetic field gradients, paramagnetic ions are pulled to the regions of the strongest magnetic fields while the diamagnetic ions move in the opposite direction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Koen Binnemans
- Department of Chemistry
- KU Leuven
- Celestijnenlaan 200 F
- 3001 Heverlee
- Belgium
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17
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Breynaert E, Emmerich J, Mustafa D, Bajpe SR, Altantzis T, Van Havenbergh K, Taulelle F, Bals S, Van Tendeloo G, Kirschhock CEA, Martens JA. Enhanced self-assembly of metal oxides and metal-organic frameworks from precursors with magnetohydrodynamically induced long-lived collective spin states. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2014; 26:5173-5178. [PMID: 24889049 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201400835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Magneto-hydrodynamic generation of long-lived collective spin states and their impact on crystal morphology is demonstrated for three different, technologically relevant materials: COK-16 metal organic framework, manganese oxide nanotubes, and vanadium oxide nano-scrolls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Breynaert
- KU Leuven - Center for Surface, Chemistry and Catalysis (COK), Kasteelpark Arenberg 23 - box 2461, B-3001, Heverlee, Belgium
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18
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Abstract
In the field of spintronics, the archetype solid-state two-terminal device is the spin valve, where the resistance is controlled by the magnetization configuration. We show here how this concept of spin-dependent switch can be extended to magnetic electrodes in solution, by magnetic control of their chemical environment. Appropriate nanoscale design allows a huge enhancement of the magnetic force field experienced by paramagnetic molecular species in solutions, which changes between repulsive and attractive on changing the electrodes' magnetic orientations. Specifically, the field gradient force created within a sub-100-nm-sized nanogap separating two magnetic electrodes can be reversed by changing the orientation of the electrodes' magnetization relative to the current flowing between the electrodes. This can result in a breaking or making of an electric nanocontact, with a change of resistance by a factor of up to 10(3). The results reveal how an external field can impact chemical equilibrium in the vicinity of nanoscale magnetic circuits.
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19
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Monzon LM, Coey J. Magnetic fields in electrochemistry: The Kelvin force. A mini-review. Electrochem commun 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2014.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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20
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Demirörs AF, Pillai PP, Kowalczyk B, Grzybowski BA. Colloidal assembly directed by virtual magnetic moulds. Nature 2013; 503:99-103. [PMID: 24141949 DOI: 10.1038/nature12591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Interest in assemblies of colloidal particles has long been motivated by their applications in photonics, electronics, sensors and microlenses. Existing assembly schemes can position colloids of one type relatively flexibly into a range of desired structures, but it remains challenging to produce multicomponent lattices, clusters with precisely controlled symmetries and three-dimensional assemblies. A few schemes can efficiently produce complex colloidal structures, but they require system-specific procedures. Here we show that magnetic field microgradients established in a paramagnetic fluid can serve as 'virtual moulds' to act as templates for the assembly of large numbers (∼10(8)) of both non-magnetic and magnetic colloidal particles with micrometre precision and typical yields of 80 to 90 per cent. We illustrate the versatility of this approach by producing single-component and multicomponent colloidal arrays, complex three-dimensional structures and a variety of colloidal molecules from polymeric particles, silica particles and live bacteria and by showing that all of these structures can be made permanent. In addition, although our magnetic moulds currently resemble optical traps in that they are limited to the manipulation of micrometre-sized objects, they are massively parallel and can manipulate non-magnetic and magnetic objects simultaneously in two and three dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet F Demirörs
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
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21
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Yang X, Tschulik K, Uhlemann M, Odenbach S, Eckert K. Enrichment of Paramagnetic Ions from Homogeneous Solutions in Inhomogeneous Magnetic Fields. J Phys Chem Lett 2012; 3:3559-3564. [PMID: 26290988 DOI: 10.1021/jz301561q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Applying interferometry to an aqueous solution of paramagnetic manganese ions, subjected to an inhomogeneous magnetic field, we observe an unexpected but highly reproducible change in the refractive index. This change occurs in the top layer of the solution, closest to the magnet. The shape of the layer is in accord with the spatial distribution of the largest component of the magnetic field gradient force. It turns out that this layer is heavier than the underlying solution because it undergoes a Rayleigh-Taylor instability upon removal of the magnet. The very good agreement between the magnitudes of buoyancy, associated with this layer, and the field gradient force at steady state provides conclusive evidence that the layer formation results from an enrichment of paramagnetic manganese ions in regions of high magnetic field gradient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuegeng Yang
- †Institute of Fluid Mechanics, Chair of Magnetofluiddynamics, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
| | | | | | - Stefan Odenbach
- †Institute of Fluid Mechanics, Chair of Magnetofluiddynamics, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Kerstin Eckert
- †Institute of Fluid Mechanics, Chair of Magnetofluiddynamics, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
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22
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Tschulik K, Cierpka C, Mutschke G, Gebert A, Schultz L, Uhlemann M. Clarifying the Mechanism of Reverse Structuring during Electrodeposition in Magnetic Gradient Fields. Anal Chem 2012; 84:2328-34. [DOI: 10.1021/ac2029612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Christian Cierpka
- Institute
of Fluid Dynamics and
Aerodynamics, Universität der Bundeswehr München, Werner-Heisenberg-Weg 39, 85577 Neubiberg, Germany
| | | | - Annett Gebert
- IFW Dresden, Post Office Box 270016, D-01171 Dresden,
Germany
| | - Ludwig Schultz
- IFW Dresden, Post Office Box 270016, D-01171 Dresden,
Germany
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23
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Tschulik K, Yang X, Mutschke G, Uhlemann M, Eckert K, Sueptitz R, Schultz L, Gebert A. How to obtain structured metal deposits from diamagnetic ions in magnetic gradient fields? Electrochem commun 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2011.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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24
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Dunne P, Mazza L, Coey JMD. Magnetic structuring of electrodeposits. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 107:024501. [PMID: 21797609 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.024501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Metal electrodeposition reflects the pattern of the magnetic field at the cathode surface created by a magnet array. For deposits from paramagnetic cations such as Co²⁺ or Cu²⁺, the effect is explained in terms of magnetic pressure which modifies the thickness of the diffusion layer, that governs their mass transport. An inverse effect allows deposits to be structured in complementary patterns when a strongly paramagnetic but nonelectroactive cation such as Dy³⁺ is present in the electrolyte, and is related to inhibition of convection of water liberated at the cathode, in the inhomogeneous magnetic field. The magnetic structuring depends on the susceptibility of the electroactive species relative to that of the nonelectroactive background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Dunne
- School of Physics and CRANN, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
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25
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Tschulik K, Cierpka C, Gebert A, Schultz L, Kähler CJ, Uhlemann M. In Situ Analysis of Three-Dimensional Electrolyte Convection Evolving during the Electrodeposition of Copper in Magnetic Gradient Fields. Anal Chem 2011; 83:3275-81. [DOI: 10.1021/ac102763m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Tschulik
- IFW Dresden, Institute for Metallic Materials, P.O. Box 270016, D-01171 Dresden, Germany
- Dresden University of Technology, Faculty of Sciences, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian Cierpka
- Universität der Bundeswehr München, Institute of Fluid Dynamics and Aerodynamics, Werner-Heisenberg-Weg 39, 85577 Neubiberg, Germany
| | - Annett Gebert
- IFW Dresden, Institute for Metallic Materials, P.O. Box 270016, D-01171 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ludwig Schultz
- IFW Dresden, Institute for Metallic Materials, P.O. Box 270016, D-01171 Dresden, Germany
- Dresden University of Technology, Faculty of Sciences, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian J. Kähler
- Universität der Bundeswehr München, Institute of Fluid Dynamics and Aerodynamics, Werner-Heisenberg-Weg 39, 85577 Neubiberg, Germany
| | - Margitta Uhlemann
- IFW Dresden, Institute for Metallic Materials, P.O. Box 270016, D-01171 Dresden, Germany
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26
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Profile of John Michael David Coey. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009; 106:8808-10. [DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0904444106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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