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Lee J, Rogers HM, Springer DA, Noguchi CT. Neuronal nitric oxide synthase required for erythropoietin modulation of heart function in mice. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1338476. [PMID: 38628440 PMCID: PMC11019009 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1338476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Erythropoietin (EPO) acts primarily in regulating red blood cell production mediated by high EPO receptor (EPOR) expression in erythroid progenitor cells. EPO activity in non-erythroid tissue is evident in mice with EPOR restricted to erythroid tissues (ΔEPORE) that become obese, glucose-intolerant, and insulin-resistant. In animal models, nitric oxide synthase (NOS) contributes to EPO activities including erythropoiesis, neuroprotection, and cardioprotection against ischemia-reperfusion injury. However, we found that extended EPO treatment to increase hematocrit compromised heart function, while the loss of neuronal NOS (nNOS) was protective against the deleterious activity of EPO to promote heart failure. Methods: Wild-type (WT) mice, ΔEPORE mice, and nNOS-knockout mice (nNOS-/-) were placed on a high-fat diet to match the ΔEPORE obese phenotype and were treated with EPO for 3 weeks. Hematocrit and metabolic response to EPO treatment were monitored. Cardiac function was assessed by echocardiography and ultrasonography. Results: ΔEPORE mice showed a decrease in the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) peak velocity, ejection fraction, and fractional shortening, showing that endogenous non-erythroid EPO response is protective for heart function. EPO treatment increased hematocrit in all mice and decreased fat mass in male WT, demonstrating that EPO regulation of fat mass requires non-erythroid EPOR. EPO treatment also compromised heart function in WT mice, and decreased the pulmonary artery peak velocity (PA peak velocity), LVOT peak velocity, ejection fraction, and fractional shortening, but it had minimal effect in further reducing the heart function in ΔEPORE mice, indicating that the adverse effect of EPO on heart function is not related to EPO-stimulated erythropoiesis. ΔEPORE mice had increased expression of heart failure-associated genes, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy-related genes, and sarcomeric genes that were also elevated with EPO treatment in WT mice. Male and female nNOS-/- mice were protected against diet-induced obesity. EPO treatment in nNOS-/- mice increased the hematocrit that tended to be lower than WT mice and decreased the PA peak velocity but did not affect the LVOT peak velocity, ejection fraction, and fractional shortening, suggesting that nNOS is required for the adverse effect of EPO treatment on heart function in WT mice. EPO treatment did not change expression of heart failure-associated gene expression in nNOS-/- mice. Discussion: Endogenous EPO has a protective effect on heart function. With EPO administration, in contrast to the protective effect to the cardiac injury of acute EPO treatment, extended EPO treatment to increase hematocrit in WT mice adversely affected the heart function with a corresponding increase in expression of heart failure-associated genes. This EPO activity was independent of EPO-stimulated erythropoiesis and required EPOR in non-erythroid tissue and nNOS activity, while nNOS-/- mice were protected from the EPO-associated adverse effect on heart function. These data provide evidence that nNOS contributes to the negative impact on the heart function of high-dose EPO treatment for anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeeyoung Lee
- Molecular Medicine Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Heather M. Rogers
- Molecular Medicine Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Danielle A. Springer
- Murine Phenotyping Core, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Constance T. Noguchi
- Molecular Medicine Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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2
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An S, Shi J, Huang J, Li Z, Feng M, Cao G. HIF-1α-induced upregulation of m6A reader IGF2BP1 facilitates peripheral nerve injury recovery by enhancing SLC7A11 mRNA stabilization. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2023; 59:596-605. [PMID: 37783915 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-023-00812-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
The recovery of peripheral nerve injury (PNI) is not ideal in clinic. Our previous study revealed that hypoxia treatment promoted PNI repair by inhibiting ferroptosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the underlying molecular mechanism of HIF-1α in hypoxia-PNI recovery. M6A dot blot was used to determine the total level of m6A modification. Besides, HIF-1α small interfering RNA (siRNA) or IGF2BP1 overexpression vector was transfected into dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons to alter the expression of HIF-1α and IGF2BP1. Subsequently, MeRIP-PCR analysis was applied to validate the m6A methylation level of SLC7A11. We demonstrated the hypoxia stimulated HIF-1α-dependent expression of IGF2BP1 and promoted the overall m6A methylation levels of DRG neurons. Overexpression of HIF-1α increased the expressions of neurotrophic factors including nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), which could be effectively reversed by siRNA knockdown of IGF2BP1. Moreover, upregulation of HIF-1α contributed to the m6A methylation level and mRNA stabilization of SLC7A11. This study revealed that the HIF-1α/IGF2BP1/SLC7A11 regulatory axis facilitated the recovery of injured DRG neurons. Our findings suggest a novel insight for the m6A methylation modification in PNI recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai An
- Department of Orthopedics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Jingfei Shi
- Cerebrovascular and Neuroscience Research Institute, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiang Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Mingli Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Guanglei Cao
- Department of Orthopedics, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China.
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3
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Papadopoulos KI, Papadopoulou A, Aw TC. Beauty and the beast: host microRNA-155 versus SARS-CoV-2. Hum Cell 2023; 36:908-922. [PMID: 36847920 PMCID: PMC9969954 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-023-00867-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in the young and healthy usually results in an asymptomatic or mild viral syndrome, possibly through an erythropoietin (EPO)-dependent, protective evolutionary landscape. In the old and in the presence of co-morbidities, however, a potentially lethal coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cytokine storm, through unrestrained renin-angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) hyperactivity, has been described. Multifunctional microRNA-155 (miR-155) elevation in malaria, dengue virus (DENV), the thalassemias, and SARS-CoV-1/2, plays critical antiviral and cardiovascular roles through its targeted translational repression of over 140 genes. In the present review, we propose a plausible miR-155-dependent mechanism whereby the translational repression of AGRT1, Arginase-2 and Ets-1, reshapes RAAS towards Angiotensin II (Ang II) type 2 (AT2R)-mediated balanced, tolerable, and SARS-CoV-2-protective cardiovascular phenotypes. In addition, it enhances EPO secretion and endothelial nitric oxide synthase activation and substrate availability, and negates proinflammatory Ang II effects. Disrupted miR-155 repression of AT1R + 1166C-allele, significantly associated with adverse cardiovascular and COVID-19 outcomes, manifests its decisive role in RAAS modulation. BACH1 and SOCS1 repression creates an anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective milieu, robustly inducing antiviral interferons. MiR-155 dysregulation in the elderly, and in comorbidities, allows unimpeded RAAS hyperactivity to progress towards a particularly aggressive COVID-19 course. Elevated miR-155 in thalassemia plausibly engenders a favorable cardiovascular profile and protection against malaria, DENV, and SARS-CoV-2. MiR-155 modulating pharmaceutical approaches could offer novel therapeutic options in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. I. Papadopoulos
- THAI StemLife, 566/3 Soi Ramkhamhaeng 39 (Thepleela 1), Prachaouthit Rd., Wangthonglang, Bangkok, 10310 Thailand
| | - A. Papadopoulou
- Occupational and Environmental Health Services, Feelgood Lund, Ideon Science Park, Scheelevägen 17, 223 63 Lund, Sweden
| | - T. C. Aw
- grid.413815.a0000 0004 0469 9373Department of Laboratory Medicine, Changi General Hospital, 2 Simei Street 3, Singapore, 529889 Singapore
- grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Department of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119228 Singapore
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4
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Papadopoulos KI, Papadopoulou A, Aw TC. A protective erythropoietin evolutionary landscape, NLRP3 inflammasome regulation, and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. Hum Cell 2023; 36:26-40. [PMID: 36310304 PMCID: PMC9618415 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-022-00819-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The low incidence of pediatric severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and the associated multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) lack a unifying pathophysiological explanation, impeding effective prevention and therapy. Activation of the NACHT, LRR, and PYD domains-containing protein (NLRP) 3 inflammasome in SARS-CoV-2 with perturbed regulation in MIS-C, has been reported. We posit that, early age physiological states and genetic determinants, such as certain polymorphisms of renin-angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) molecules, promote a controlled RAAS hyperactive state, and form an evolutionary landscape involving an age-dependent erythropoietin (EPO) elevation, mediating ancestral innate immune defenses that, through appropriate NLRP3 regulation, mitigate tissue injury and pathogen invasion. SARS-CoV-2-induced downregulation of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)2 expression in endothelial cells (EC), impairment of endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase (eNOS) activity and downstream NO bioavailability, may promote a hyperactive RAAS with elevated angiotensin II and aldosterone that, can trigger, and accelerate NLRP3 inflammasome activation, while EPO-eNOS/NO abrogate it. Young age and a protective EPO evolutionary landscape may successfully inhibit SARS-CoV-2 and contain NLRP3 inflammasome activation. By contrast, increasing age and falling EPO levels, in genetically susceptible children with adverse genetic variants and co-morbidities, may lead to unopposed RAAS hyperactivity, NLRP3 inflammasome dysregulation, severe endotheliitis with pyroptotic cytokine storm, and development of autoantibodies, as already described in MIS-C. Our haplotype estimates, predicted from allele frequencies in population databases, are in concordance with MIS-C incidence reports in Europeans but indicate lower risks for Asians and African Americans. Targeted Mendelian approaches dissecting the influence of relevant genetic variants are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos I Papadopoulos
- Department of Research and Development, THAI StemLife Co., Ltd., 566/3 THAI StemLife Bldg., Soi Ramkhamhaeng 39 (Thepleela 1), Prachaouthit Rd., Wangthonglang, 10310, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Alexandra Papadopoulou
- Occupational and Environmental Health Services, Feelgood Lund, Ideon Science Park, Scheelevägen 17, 223 63, Lund, Sweden
| | - Tar-Choon Aw
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, 529889, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
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5
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An S, Shi J, Li Z, Feng M, Cao G. The effects of acrylamide-mediated dorsal root ganglion neurons injury on ferroptosis. Hum Exp Toxicol 2022; 41:9603271221129786. [PMID: 36154307 DOI: 10.1177/09603271221129786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Acrylamide (ACR) is a water-soluble chemical applied in industrial and laboratory processes. The neurotoxicity induced by acrylamide involves both peripheral and central nervous system. Hence, there is a growing urgency to investigate the mechanisms of acrylamide-induced neurotoxicity and search novel therapeutic target for the nerve repair. The effects of ACR on the proliferation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and iron production of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons and Schwann cells were determined. 5-Ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EDU) staining and transwell assay were applied to detect the proliferation and migration capacity of DRG cells. Ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1) was used to suppress ferroptosis induced by ACR. RT-PCR analysis was performed to examine the expression of neurotrophic factors including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), nerve growth factor (NGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF). Moreover, Iron, ROS, malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) contents were measured to reveal the regulation of ferroptosis in ACR-related nerve injury. ACR inhibited the proliferation and migration of DRG neurons and the supplementation of Fer-1 reversed the effects induced by ACR. Besides, the treatment of Fer-1 effectively increased the expression of NGF, BDNF, VEGF and GDNF. Furthermore, ACR increased the iron level, MDA and ROS contents while inhibited the level of GSH. It was unveiled that ACR attenuated the proliferation, migration and neuron repair of DRG neurons through regulating ferroptosis. The modulation of ferroptosis might be a promising therapeutic strategy and provide references for future treatment of acrylamide-induced nerve damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai An
- Department of Orthopedics, Xuanwu Hospital, 71044Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingfei Shi
- Cerebrovascular and Neuroscience Research Institute, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Xuanwu Hospital, 71044Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xuanwu Hospital, 71044Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingli Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, Xuanwu Hospital, 71044Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guanglei Cao
- Department of Orthopedics, Xuanwu Hospital, 71044Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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6
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David BT, Curtin JJ, Brown JL, Coutts DJC, Boles NC, Hill CE. Treatment with hypoxia-mimetics protects cultured rat Schwann cells against oxidative stress-induced cell death. Glia 2021; 69:2215-2234. [PMID: 34019306 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Schwann cell (SC) grafts promote axon regeneration in the injured spinal cord, but transplant efficacy is diminished by a high death rate in the first 2-3 days postimplantation. Both hypoxic preconditioning and pharmacological induction of the cellular hypoxic response can drive cellular adaptations and improve transplant survival in a number of disease/injury models. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α), a regulator of the cellular response to hypoxia, is implicated in preconditioning-associated protection. HIF-1α cellular levels are regulated by the HIF-prolyl hydroxylases (HIF-PHDs). Pharmacological inhibition of the HIF-PHDs mimics hypoxic preconditioning and provides a method to induce adaptive hypoxic responses without direct exposure to hypoxia. In this study, we show that hypoxia-mimetics, deferoxamine (DFO) and adaptaquin (AQ), enhance HIF-1α stability and HIF-1α target gene expression. Expression profiling of hypoxia-related genes demonstrates that HIF-dependent and HIF-independent expression changes occur. Analyses of transcription factor binding sites identify several candidate transcriptional co-regulators that vary in SCs along with HIF-1α. Using an in vitro model system, we show that hypoxia-mimetics are potent blockers of oxidative stress-induced death in SCs. In contrast, traditional hypoxic preconditioning was not protective. The robust protection induced by pharmacological preconditioning, particularly with DFO, indicates that pharmacological induction of hypoxic adaptations could be useful for promoting transplanted SC survival. These agents may also be more broadly useful for protecting SCs, as oxidative stress is a major pathway that drives cellular damage in the context of neurological injury and disease, including demyelinating diseases and peripheral neuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian T David
- Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, New York, USA.,Weill Cornell Medicine, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jessica J Curtin
- Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, New York, USA.,Weill Cornell Medicine, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jennifer L Brown
- Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, New York, USA.,Weill Cornell Medicine, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, New York, New York, USA
| | - David J C Coutts
- Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, New York, USA.,Weill Cornell Medicine, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Caitlin E Hill
- Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, New York, USA.,Weill Cornell Medicine, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, New York, New York, USA.,Neural Stem Cell Institute, Rensselaer, New York, USA
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7
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Vasileva R, Chaprazov T. Preclinical studies on pleiotropic functions of erythropoietin on bone healing. BULGARIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.15547/bjvm.2020-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Erythropoietin (ЕPО) is a glycoprotein hormone, mainly known for its haemopoietic function. For orthopaedics, its pleiotropic effects – osteogenic and angiogenic potential, are of primary interest. The exact mechanism of EPO action is still unclear. The effects of EPO on bone healing were investigated through experiments with rats, mice, rabbits and pigs. Each of used models for experimental bone defects (calvarial models, long bone segmental defects, posterolateral spinal fusion and corticosteroid-induced femoral head osteonecrosis) has specific advantages and flaws. Obtaining specific and correct results is largely dependent on the used model. The brief evaluation of models could serve for standardisation of preclinical studies on bone regeneration.
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8
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A glycolytic shift in Schwann cells supports injured axons. Nat Neurosci 2020; 23:1215-1228. [PMID: 32807950 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-020-0689-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Axon degeneration is a hallmark of many neurodegenerative disorders. The current assumption is that the decision of injured axons to degenerate is cell-autonomously regulated. Here we show that Schwann cells (SCs), the glia of the peripheral nervous system, protect injured axons by virtue of a dramatic glycolytic upregulation that arises in SCs as an inherent adaptation to axon injury. This glycolytic response, paired with enhanced axon-glia metabolic coupling, supports the survival of axons. The glycolytic shift in SCs is largely driven by the metabolic signaling hub, mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1, and the downstream transcription factors hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha and c-Myc, which together promote glycolytic gene expression. The manipulation of glial glycolytic activity through this pathway enabled us to accelerate or delay the degeneration of perturbed axons in acute and subacute rodent axon degeneration models. Thus, we demonstrate a non-cell-autonomous metabolic mechanism that controls the fate of injured axons.
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9
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Kober KM, Schumacher M, Conley YP, Topp K, Mazor M, Hammer MJ, Paul SM, Levine JD, Miaskowski C. Signaling pathways and gene co-expression modules associated with cytoskeleton and axon morphology in breast cancer survivors with chronic paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy. Mol Pain 2020; 15:1744806919878088. [PMID: 31486345 PMCID: PMC6755139 DOI: 10.1177/1744806919878088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The major dose-limiting toxicity of paclitaxel, one of the most commonly used
drugs to treat breast cancer, is peripheral neuropathy (paclitaxel-induced
peripheral neuropathy). Paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy, which
persists into survivorship, has a negative impact on patient’s mood,
functional status, and quality of life. Currently, no interventions are
available to treat paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy. A critical
barrier to the development of efficacious interventions is the lack of
understanding of the mechanisms that underlie paclitaxel-induced peripheral
neuropathy. While data from preclinical studies suggest that disrupting
cytoskeleton- and axon morphology-related processes are a potential
mechanism for paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy, clinical evidence is
limited. The purpose of this study in breast cancer survivors was to
evaluate whether differential gene expression and co-expression patterns in
these pathways are associated with paclitaxel-induced peripheral
neuropathy. Methods Signaling pathways and gene co-expression modules associated with
cytoskeleton and axon morphology were identified between survivors who
received paclitaxel and did (n = 25) or did not (n = 25) develop
paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy. Results Pathway impact analysis identified four significantly perturbed cytoskeleton-
and axon morphology-related signaling pathways. Weighted gene co-expression
network analysis identified three co-expression modules. One module was
associated with paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy group membership.
Functional analysis found that this module was associated with four
signaling pathways and two ontology annotations related to cytoskeleton and
axon morphology. Conclusions This study, which is the first to apply systems biology approaches using
circulating whole blood RNA-seq data in a sample of breast cancer survivors
with and without chronic paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy, provides
molecular evidence that cytoskeleton- and axon morphology-related mechanisms
identified in preclinical models of various types of neuropathic pain
including chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy are found in breast
cancer survivors and suggests pathways and a module of genes for validation
and as potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kord M Kober
- School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mark Schumacher
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yvette P Conley
- School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kimberly Topp
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Melissa Mazor
- School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Marilynn J Hammer
- Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Steven M Paul
- School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jon D Levine
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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10
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Rey F, Balsari A, Giallongo T, Ottolenghi S, Di Giulio AM, Samaja M, Carelli S. Erythropoietin as a Neuroprotective Molecule: An Overview of Its Therapeutic Potential in Neurodegenerative Diseases. ASN Neuro 2020; 11:1759091419871420. [PMID: 31450955 PMCID: PMC6712762 DOI: 10.1177/1759091419871420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Erythropoietin (EPO) is a cytokine mainly induced in hypoxia conditions. Its major production site is the kidney. EPO primarily acts on the erythroid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. More and more studies are highlighting its secondary functions, with a crucial focus on its role in the central nervous system. Here, EPO may interact with up to four distinct isoforms of its receptor (erythropoietin receptor [EPOR]), activating different signaling cascades with roles in neuroprotection and neurogenesis. Indeed, the EPO/EPOR axis has been widely studied in the neurodegenerative diseases field. Its potential therapeutic effects have been evaluated in multiple disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, spinal cord injury, as well as brain ischemia, hypoxia, and hyperoxia. EPO is showing great promise by counteracting secondary neuroinflammatory processes, reactive oxygen species imbalance, and cell death in these diseases. Multiple studies have been performed both in vitro and in vivo, characterizing the mechanisms through which EPO exerts its neurotrophic action. In some cases, clinical trials involving EPO have been performed, highlighting its therapeutic potential. Together, all these works indicate the potential beneficial effects of EPO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Rey
- 1 Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Alice Balsari
- 1 Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Toniella Giallongo
- 1 Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Ottolenghi
- 2 Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Anna M Di Giulio
- 1 Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Italy.,3 Pediatric Clinical Research Center Fondazione "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", University of Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Samaja
- 2 Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Stephana Carelli
- 1 Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Italy.,3 Pediatric Clinical Research Center Fondazione "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", University of Milan, Italy
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11
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Kober KM, Lee MC, Olshen A, Conley YP, Sirota M, Keiser M, Hammer MJ, Abrams G, Schumacher M, Levine JD, Miaskowski C. Differential methylation and expression of genes in the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 signaling pathway are associated with paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy in breast cancer survivors and with preclinical models of chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain. Mol Pain 2020; 16:1744806920936502. [PMID: 32586194 PMCID: PMC7322824 DOI: 10.1177/1744806920936502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paclitaxel is an important chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of breast cancer. Paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy (PIPN) is a major dose-limiting toxicity that can persist into survivorship. While not all survivors develop PIPN, for those who do, it has a substantial negative impact on their functional status and quality of life. No interventions are available to treat PIPN. In our previous studies, we identified that the HIF-1 signaling pathway (H1SP) was perturbed between breast cancer survivors with and without PIPN. Preclinical studies suggest that the H1SP is involved in the development of bortezomib-induced and diabetic peripheral neuropathy, and sciatic nerve injury. The purpose of this study was to identify H1SP genes that have both differential methylation and differential gene expression between breast cancer survivors with and without PIPN. METHODS A multi-staged integrated analysis was performed. In peripheral blood, methylation was assayed using microarray and gene expression was assayed using RNA-seq. Candidate genes in the H1SP having both differentially methylation and differential expression were identified between survivors who received paclitaxel and did (n = 25) and did not (n = 25) develop PIPN. Then, candidate genes were evaluated for differential methylation and differential expression in public data sets of preclinical models of PIPN and sciatic nerve injury. RESULTS Eight candidate genes were identified as both differential methylation and differential expression in survivors. Of the eight homologs identified, one was found to be differential expression in both PIPN and "normal" mice dorsal root ganglia; three were differential methylation in sciatic nerve injury versus sham rats in both pre-frontal cortex and T-cells; and two were differential methylation in sciatic nerve injury versus sham rats in the pre-frontal cortex. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to evaluate for methylation in cancer survivors with chronic PIPN. The findings provide evidence that the expression of H1SP genes associated with chronic PIPN in cancer survivors may be regulated by epigenetic mechanisms and suggests genes for validation as potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kord M Kober
- School of Nursing, University of
California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive
Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Bakar Computational Health Sciences
Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Man-Cheung Lee
- School of Medicine, University of
California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Adam Olshen
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive
Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and
Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yvette P Conley
- School of Nursing,
University
of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Marina Sirota
- Bakar Computational Health Sciences
Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- School of Medicine, University of
California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michael Keiser
- Bakar Computational Health Sciences
Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- School of Medicine, University of
California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Institute for Neurodegenerative
Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Marilyn J Hammer
- Phyllis F. Cantor Center,
Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gary Abrams
- School of Medicine, University of
California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mark Schumacher
- School of Medicine, University of
California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jon D Levine
- School of Medicine, University of
California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Christine Miaskowski
- School of Nursing, University of
California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive
Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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12
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Man Z, Meng X, Sun F, Pu Y, Xu K, Sun R, Zhang J, Yin L, Pu Y. Global Identification of HIF-1α Target Genes in Benzene Poisoning Mouse Bone Marrow Cells. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15112531. [PMID: 30424520 PMCID: PMC6266356 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15112531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Benzene is a hematopoietic toxicant, and hematopoietic cells in bone marrow (BM) are one of the main targets for its action, especially hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is associated with the metabolism and physiological functions of HSCs. We previously found that the mechanism of regulation of HIF-1α is involved in benzene-induced hematopoietic toxicity. In this study, chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-Seq) technologies were used to analyze the genome-wide binding spectrum of HIF-1α in mouse BM cells, and specific HIF-1α target genes and pathways associated with benzene toxicity were screened and validated. By application of the ChIP-Seq technique, we identified target genes HIF-1α directly binds to and regulates. Forty-two differentially down-regulated genes containing the HIF-1α specific binding site hypoxia response element (HRE) were found, of which 25 genes were with biological function. Moreover, the enrichment analysis of signal pathways indicated that these genes were significantly enriched in the Jak-STAT signaling pathway, Natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity, the Fc epsilon RI signaling pathway, Pyrimidine metabolism, the T cell receptor signaling pathway, and Transcriptional misregulation in cancer. After verification, 11 genes involved in HSC self-renewal, cell cycle, differentiation, and apoptosis pathways were found to be significantly reduced, and may participate in benzene-induced hematotoxicity. Our study provides a new academic clue for the mechanism of benzene hematotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaodi Man
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education of China, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Xing Meng
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education of China, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Fengxia Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education of China, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Yunqiu Pu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education of China, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Kai Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education of China, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Rongli Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education of China, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Juan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education of China, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Lihong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education of China, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Yuepu Pu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education of China, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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13
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Oshiro S, Ishima Y, Maeda H, Honda N, Bi J, Kinoshita R, Ikeda M, Iwao Y, Imafuku T, Nishida K, Miyamura S, Watanabe H, Otagiri M, Maruyama T. Dual Therapeutic Effects of an Albumin-Based Nitric Oxide Donor on 2 Experimental Models of Chronic Kidney Disease. J Pharm Sci 2017; 107:848-855. [PMID: 29074377 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is accompanied by a variety of complications, typically renal anemia and kidney fibrosis. Accordingly, it is desirable to develop the novel therapeutics that can treat these CKD conditions. Since nitric oxide (NO) has multiple functions including hypoxia inducible factor stabilizing, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and anti-apoptoic activities, the use of NO for the CKD therapy has attracted considerable interest. Here, we evaluate the therapeutic impacts of S-nitrosated human serum albumin (SNO-HSA), a long-lasting NO donor, on 2 animal models of CKD. SNO-HSA increased the expression of erythropoietin (EPO), VEGF, and eNOS by stabilizing hypoxia inducible factor-1α in HepG2 and HK-2 cells. SNO-HSA increased hematopoiesis in both healthy and renal anemia rats, suggesting the promotion of EPO production. In unilateral ureteral obstruction-treated mice, SNO-HSA ameliorated kidney fibrosis by suppressing the accumulation of renal extracellular matrix. SNO-HSA also inhibited unilateral ureteral obstruction-induced α-smooth muscle actin increase and E-cadherin decrease, suggesting that SNO-HSA might suppress the accumulation of myofibroblasts, an important factor of fibrosis. SNO-HSA also inhibited the elevations of fibrosis factors, such as transforming growth factor-β, interleukin-6, and oxidative stress, while it increased EPO production, an anti-fibrosis factor. In conclusion, SNO-HSA has the potential to function as a dual therapeutics for renal anemia and kidney fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Oshiro
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Yu Ishima
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1, Sho-machi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Maeda
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Naoko Honda
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Jing Bi
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Ryo Kinoshita
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Mayumi Ikeda
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 1-78-1, Sho-machi, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Yasunori Iwao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Tadashi Imafuku
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Kento Nishida
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Sigeyuki Miyamura
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Watanabe
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Masaki Otagiri
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto 860-0822, Japan
| | - Toru Maruyama
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan.
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14
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Pathipati P, Ferriero DM. The Differential Effects of Erythropoietin Exposure to Oxidative Stress on Microglia and Astrocytes in vitro. Dev Neurosci 2017; 39:310-322. [PMID: 28511187 DOI: 10.1159/000467391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The neonatal brain is especially susceptible to oxidative stress owing to its reduced antioxidant capacity. Following hypoxic-ischemic (HI) injury, for example, there is a prolonged elevation in levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in the immature brain compared to the adult brain, resulting in lasting injury that can lead to life-long disability or morbidity. Erythropoietin (Epo) is one of few multifaceted treatment options that have been promising enough to trial in the clinic for both term and preterm brain injury. Despite this, there is a lack of clear understanding of how Epo modulates glial cell activity following oxidative injury, specifically, whether it affects microglia (Mg) and astrocytes (Ast) differently. Using an in vitro approach using primary murine Mg and Ast subjected to H2O2 injury, we studied the oxidative and inflammatory responses of Mg and Ast to recombinant murine (rm)Epo treatment. We found that Epo protects Ast from H2O2 injury (p < 0.05) and increases secreted nitric oxide levels in these cells (p < 0.05) while suppressing intracellular reactive oxygen species (p < 0.05) and superoxide ion (p < 0.05) levels only in Mg. Using a multiplex analysis, we noted that although H2O2 induced the levels of several chemokines, rmEpo did not have any significant specific effects on their levels, either with or without the presence of conditioned medium from injured neurons (NCM). Ultimately, it appears that rmEpo has pleiotropic effects based on the cell type; it has a protective effect on Ast but an antioxidative effect only on Mg without any significant modulation of chemokine and cytokine levels in either cell type. These findings highlight the importance of considering all cell types when assessing the benefits and pitfalls of Epo use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praneeti Pathipati
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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15
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Maggio DM, Singh A, Iorgulescu JB, Bleicher DH, Ghosh M, Lopez MM, Tuesta LM, Flora G, Dietrich WD, Pearse DD. Identifying the Long-Term Role of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase after Contusive Spinal Cord Injury Using a Transgenic Mouse Model. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18020245. [PMID: 28125047 PMCID: PMC5343782 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18020245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is a potent mediator of oxidative stress during neuroinflammation triggered by neurotrauma or neurodegeneration. We previously demonstrated that acute iNOS inhibition attenuated iNOS levels and promoted neuroprotection and functional recovery after spinal cord injury (SCI). The present study investigated the effects of chronic iNOS ablation after SCI using inos-null mice. iNOS-/- knockout and wild-type (WT) control mice underwent a moderate thoracic (T8) contusive SCI. Locomotor function was assessed weekly, using the Basso Mouse Scale (BMS), and at the endpoint (six weeks), by footprint analysis. At the endpoint, the volume of preserved white and gray matter, as well as the number of dorsal column axons and perilesional blood vessels rostral to the injury, were quantified. At weeks two and three after SCI, iNOS-/- mice exhibited a significant locomotor improvement compared to WT controls, although a sustained improvement was not observed during later weeks. At the endpoint, iNOS-/- mice showed significantly less preserved white and gray matter, as well as fewer dorsal column axons and perilesional blood vessels, compared to WT controls. While short-term antagonism of iNOS provides histological and functional benefits, its long-term ablation after SCI may be deleterious, blocking protective or reparative processes important for angiogenesis and tissue preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic M Maggio
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
- Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institute of Heath, Bethesda, MD 20824, USA.
| | - Amanpreet Singh
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
| | - J Bryan Iorgulescu
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Drew H Bleicher
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
| | - Mousumi Ghosh
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
| | - Michael M Lopez
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
| | - Luis M Tuesta
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Govinder Flora
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
| | - W Dalton Dietrich
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
- The Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
- The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
| | - Damien D Pearse
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
- The Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
- The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
- Bruce W. Carter Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
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16
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An animal model of Miller Fisher syndrome: Mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide is produced by the autoimmune attack of nerve terminals and activates Schwann cells. Neurobiol Dis 2016; 96:95-104. [PMID: 27597525 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The neuromuscular junction is a tripartite synapse composed of the presynaptic nerve terminal, the muscle and perisynaptic Schwann cells. Its functionality is essential for the execution of body movements and is compromised in a number of disorders, including Miller Fisher syndrome, a variant of Guillain-Barré syndrome: this autoimmune peripheral neuropathy is triggered by autoantibodies specific for the polysialogangliosides GQ1b and GT1a present in motor axon terminals, including those innervating ocular muscles, and in sensory neurons. Their binding to the presynaptic membrane activates the complement cascade, leading to a nerve degeneration that resembles that caused by some animal presynaptic neurotoxins. Here we have studied the intra- and inter-cellular signaling triggered by the binding and complement activation of a mouse monoclonal anti-GQ1b/GT1a antibody to primary cultures of spinal cord motor neurons and cerebellar granular neurons. We found that a membrane attack complex is rapidly assembled following antibody binding, leading to calcium accumulation, which affects mitochondrial functionality. Consequently, using fluorescent probes specific for mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide, we found that this reactive oxygen species is rapidly produced by mitochondria of damaged neurons, and that it triggers the activation of the MAP kinase pathway in Schwann cells. These results throw light on the molecular and cellular pathogenesis of Miller Fisher syndrome, and may well be relevant to other pathologies of the motor axon terminals, including some subtypes of the Guillain Barré syndrome.
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17
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Phagocyte respiratory burst activates macrophage erythropoietin signalling to promote acute inflammation resolution. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12177. [PMID: 27397585 PMCID: PMC4942576 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation resolution is an active process, the failure of which causes uncontrolled inflammation which underlies many chronic diseases. Therefore, endogenous pathways that regulate inflammation resolution are fundamental and of wide interest. Here, we demonstrate that phagocyte respiratory burst-induced hypoxia activates macrophage erythropoietin signalling to promote acute inflammation resolution. This signalling is activated following acute but not chronic inflammation. Pharmacological or genetical inhibition of the respiratory burst suppresses hypoxia and macrophage erythropoietin signalling. Macrophage-specific erythropoietin receptor-deficient mice and chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) mice, which lack the capacity for respiratory burst, display impaired inflammation resolution, and exogenous erythropoietin enhances this resolution in WT and CGD mice. Mechanistically, erythropoietin increases macrophage engulfment of apoptotic neutrophils via PPARγ, promotes macrophage removal of debris and enhances macrophage migration to draining lymph nodes. Together, our results provide evidences of an endogenous pathway that regulates inflammation resolution, with important implications for treating inflammatory conditions.
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18
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Sharawy N, Rashed L, Youakim MF. Evaluation of multi-neuroprotective effects of erythropoietin using cisplatin induced peripheral neurotoxicity model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 67:315-22. [PMID: 25758589 DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2015.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Revised: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cisplatin (CDDP) is severely neurotoxic anti-neoplastic drug that causes peripheral neuropathies with clinical signs known as chemotherapy-induced peripheral neurotoxicity. The ameliorating effects of erythropoeitin on cisplatin-induced neuropathy, which seem to be mediated by enhancing the cell resistance to side effects of cisplatin rather than by influencing the formation or repair rates of cisplatin-induced cross-links in the nuclear DNA, had been previously reported. The main objective of our study is to investigate the roles of nitro-oxidative stress, nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) gene expressions and TNF levels on the previous reported erythropoietin anti-apoptotic neuroprotective effects during cisplatin induced neurotoxicity. The present study compared the effects of erythropoietin (50 μg/kg/d thrice weekly) on cisplatin (2mg/kg/d i.p. twice weekly for 4 weeks) induced neurophysiologic changes and the associated changes in the inflammatory mediators (TNF alpha and NFKB), oxidative stress (malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutases (SOD) and glutathione) and gene expression of both neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). In addition, sciatic nerve pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic indicators (Bcl, Bax, Caspase 3) were measured. We found that concomitant administration of erythropoietin significantly reversed the cisplatin induced nitro-oxidative stress - with significant increases in sciatic nerve glutathione and superoxide dismutase antioxidant enzyme levels and a significant decrease in iNOS gene expression. We conclude that erythropoietin anti-apoptotic neuro-protective effects could partially contribute to observed antioxidant effects of erthropoietin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivin Sharawy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Laila Rashed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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19
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Lee J, Jo DG, Park D, Chung HY, Mattson MP. Adaptive cellular stress pathways as therapeutic targets of dietary phytochemicals: focus on the nervous system. Pharmacol Rev 2015; 66:815-68. [PMID: 24958636 DOI: 10.1124/pr.113.007757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
During the past 5 decades, it has been widely promulgated that the chemicals in plants that are good for health act as direct scavengers of free radicals. Here we review evidence that favors a different hypothesis for the health benefits of plant consumption, namely, that some phytochemicals exert disease-preventive and therapeutic actions by engaging one or more adaptive cellular response pathways in cells. The evolutionary basis for the latter mechanism is grounded in the fact that plants produce natural antifeedant/noxious chemicals that discourage insects and other organisms from eating them. However, in the amounts typically consumed by humans, the phytochemicals activate one or more conserved adaptive cellular stress response pathways and thereby enhance the ability of cells to resist injury and disease. Examplesof such pathways include those involving the transcription factors nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, nuclear factor-κB, hypoxia-inducible factor 1α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, and forkhead box subgroup O, as well as the production and action of trophic factors and hormones. Translational research to develop interventions that target these pathways may lead to new classes of therapeutic agents that act by stimulating adaptive stress response pathways to bolster endogenous defenses against tissue injury and disease. Because neurons are particularly sensitive to potentially noxious phytochemicals, we focus on the nervous system but also include findings from other cell types in which actions of phytochemicals on specific signal transduction pathways have been more thoroughly studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaewon Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, and Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, Republic of Korea (J.L., D.P., H.Y.C.); School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea (D.-G.J.); Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland (M.P.M.); and Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (M.P.M.)
| | - Dong-Gyu Jo
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, and Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, Republic of Korea (J.L., D.P., H.Y.C.); School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea (D.-G.J.); Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland (M.P.M.); and Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (M.P.M.)
| | - Daeui Park
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, and Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, Republic of Korea (J.L., D.P., H.Y.C.); School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea (D.-G.J.); Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland (M.P.M.); and Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (M.P.M.)
| | - Hae Young Chung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, and Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, Republic of Korea (J.L., D.P., H.Y.C.); School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea (D.-G.J.); Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland (M.P.M.); and Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (M.P.M.)
| | - Mark P Mattson
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, and Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, Republic of Korea (J.L., D.P., H.Y.C.); School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea (D.-G.J.); Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland (M.P.M.); and Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (M.P.M.)
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20
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Yu T, Li L, Chen T, Liu Z, Liu H, Li Z. Erythropoietin attenuates advanced glycation endproducts-induced toxicity of Schwann cells in vitro. Neurochem Res 2015; 40:698-712. [PMID: 25585642 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-015-1516-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs)-induced cytotoxicity is regarded as one of the main mechanisms responsible for neurological disorders. Although erythropoietin (EPO) is demonstrated to have neuroprotective effects in neurodegenerative diseases, the effects of EPO on AGEs-induced toxicity of Schwann cells (SCs) remain open for investigation. Primary cultured SCs isolated from 4 day-old Wistar rats were exposed to AGEs with or without EPO treatment for 5 days. AGEs decreased cell viability, increased apoptotic rate, elevated intracellular reactive oxygen species levels, and reduced total glutathione levels of SCs. The AGEs-induced toxic effects on SCs were partially blocked by AGER siRNA or AGER inhibitor FPS-ZM1. SCs exposed to AGEs exhibited higher mRNA and protein levels of receptor for AGEs (AGER), EPO, and EPO receptor (EPOR). Exogenous EPO treatment attenuated AGEs-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis probably by reducing the mRNA and protein expression of AGER. The protective effect of EPO against AGEs-induced toxicity was blocked by EPOR siRNA. The data of the present study gives, for the first time, evidence of the protective effects of EPO on SCs with AGEs-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis. These results imply that EPO might be a novel valuable agent for treating AGEs-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yu
- Department of Anatomy, Shandong University School of Medicine, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong Province, China,
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21
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Ahlawat A, Rana A, Goyal N, Sharma S. Potential role of nitric oxide synthase isoforms in pathophysiology of neuropathic pain. Inflammopharmacology 2014; 22:269-78. [PMID: 25095760 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-014-0213-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain triggers a cascade of events in the sensory neurons. It is the main complication of diabetes after cardiovascular disease. Nitric oxide (NO) produced from nitric oxide synthases (NOS) is an important signaling molecule which is crucial for many physiological processes such as synaptic plasticity, neuronal survival, vasodilation, vascular homeostasis, immune regulation. Overproduction of NO due to changes in NOS isoforms level involves pathological processes such as neurotoxicity, septic shock and neuropathic pain. All three isoforms of NOS as well as their end product, NO have modulatory effect on neuropathic pain. Overactivation of the N-Methyl-D-Aspartate receptor and peroxynitrite formation results in high levels of neuronal NOS (nNOS) and endothelial NOS (eNOS) which suggest that nNOS and eNOS are critical for pain hypersensitivity. Inducible NOS induced in glia by inflammation due to activation of Tumor Necrosis Factor α, Calcitonin Gene Regulating Peptide, Mitogen Activated Protein Kinases, Extracellular signal Regulated Kinase, c-Jun N-terminal kinases can induce neuronal death. This review focuses on different nitric oxide synthases and their role in pathophysiology of neuropathic pain considering NOS as an important therapeutic target.
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22
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Dong-Feng Z, Ting L, Cheng C, Xi Z, Xue L, Xing-Hua C, Pei-Yan K. Silencing HIF-1α reduces the adhesion and secretion functions of acute leukemia hBMSCs. Braz J Med Biol Res 2014; 45:906-12. [PMID: 22948410 PMCID: PMC3854177 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2012007500107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2012] [Accepted: 05/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is an important transcription factor, which plays a critical role in the formation of solid tumor and its microenvironment. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the expression and function of HIF-1α in human leukemia bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) and to identify the downstream targets of HIF-1α. HIF-1α expression was detected at both the RNA and protein levels using real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α) were detected in stromal cells by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. HIF-1α was blocked by constructing the lentiviral RNAi vector system and infecting the BMSCs. The Jurkat cell/BMSC co-cultured system was constructed by putting the two cells into the same suitable cultured media and conditions. Cell adhesion and secretion functions of stromal cells were evaluated after transfection with the lentiviral RNAi vector of HIF-1α. Increased HIF-1α mRNA and protein was detected in the nucleus of the acute myeloblastic and acute lymphoblastic leukemia compared with normal BMSCs. The lentiviral RANi vector for HIF-1α was successfully constructed and was applied to block the expression of HIF-1α. When HIF-1α of BMSCs was blocked, the expression of VEGF and SDF-1 secreted by stromal cells were decreased. When HIF-1α was blocked, the co-cultured Jurkat cell's adhesion and migration functions were also decreased. Taken together, these results suggest that HIF-1α acts as an important transcription factor and can significantly affect the secretion and adhesion functions of leukemia BMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeng Dong-Feng
- Department of Hematology, XinQiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, ChongQing, China
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Kanngiesser M, Mair N, Lim HY, Zschiebsch K, Blees J, Häussler A, Brüne B, Ferreiròs N, Kress M, Tegeder I. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 regulates heat and cold pain sensitivity and persistence. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 20:2555-71. [PMID: 24144405 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The present study assessed the functions of the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) in sensory neurons in models of acute, inflammatory, ischemic, and neuropathic pain. The alpha subunit, HIF1α, was specifically deleted in neurons of the dorsal root ganglia by mating HIF1α(fl/fl) mice with SNScre mice. RESULTS SNS-HIF1α(-/-) mice were more sensitive to noxious heat and cold pain stimulation than were HIF1α(fl/fl) control mice. They also showed heightened first-phase nociceptive responses in the formalin and capsaicin tests with increased numbers of cFos-positive neurons in the dorsal horn, and intensified hyperalgesia in early phases after paw inflammation and hind limb ischemia/reperfusion. The behavioral cold and heat pain hypersensitivity was explained by increased calcium fluxes after transient receptor potential channel activation in primary sensory neurons of SNS-HIF1α(-/-) mice and lowered electrical activation thresholds of sensory fibers. SNS-HIF1α(-/-) mice however, developed less neuropathic pain after sciatic nerve injury, which was associated with an abrogation of HIF1-mediated gene up-regulation. INNOVATION The results suggest that HIF1α is protective in terms of acute heat and cold pain but in case of ongoing activation in injured neurons, it may promote the development of neuropathic pain. CONCLUSION The duality of HIF1 in pain regulation may have an impact on the side effects of drugs targeting HIF1, which are being developed, for example, as anticancer agents. Specifically, in patients with cancer neuropathy, however, temporary HIF1 inhibition might provide a welcome combination of growth and pain reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maike Kanngiesser
- 1 Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe-University Hospital Frankfurt , Frankfurt, Germany
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Tzekova N, Heinen A, Küry P. Molecules involved in the crosstalk between immune- and peripheral nerve Schwann cells. J Clin Immunol 2014; 34 Suppl 1:S86-104. [PMID: 24740512 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-014-0015-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Schwann cells are the myelinating glial cells of the peripheral nervous system and establish myelin sheaths on large caliber axons in order to accelerate their electrical signal propagation. Apart from this well described function, these cells revealed to exhibit a high degree of differentiation plasticity as they were shown to re- and dedifferentiate upon injury and disease as well as to actively participate in regenerative- and inflammatory processes. This review focuses on the crosstalk between glial- and immune cells observed in many peripheral nerve pathologies and summarizes functional evidences of molecules, regulators and factors involved in this process. We summarize data on Schwann cell's role presenting antigens, on interactions with the complement system, on Schwann cell surface molecules/receptors and on secreted factors involved in immune cell interactions or para-/autocrine signaling events, thus strengthening the view for a broader (patho) physiological role of this cell lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nevena Tzekova
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstrasse 5, D-40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Beirowski B. Concepts for regulation of axon integrity by enwrapping glia. Front Cell Neurosci 2013; 7:256. [PMID: 24391540 PMCID: PMC3867696 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2013.00256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Long axons and their enwrapping glia (EG; Schwann cells (SCs) and oligodendrocytes (OLGs)) form a unique compound structure that serves as conduit for transport of electric and chemical information in the nervous system. The peculiar cytoarchitecture over an enormous length as well as its substantial energetic requirements make this conduit particularly susceptible to detrimental alterations. Degeneration of long axons independent of neuronal cell bodies is observed comparatively early in a range of neurodegenerative conditions as a consequence of abnormalities in SCs and OLGs . This leads to the most relevant disease symptoms and highlights the critical role that these glia have for axon integrity, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. The quest to understand why and how axons degenerate is now a crucial frontier in disease-oriented research. This challenge is most likely to lead to significant progress if the inextricable link between axons and their flanking glia in pathological situations is recognized. In this review I compile recent advances in our understanding of the molecular programs governing axon degeneration, and mechanisms of EG’s non-cell autonomous impact on axon-integrity. A particular focus is placed on emerging evidence suggesting that EG nurture long axons by virtue of their intimate association, release of trophic substances, and neurometabolic coupling. The correction of defects in these functions has the potential to stabilize axons in a variety of neuronal diseases in the peripheral nervous system and central nervous system (PNS and CNS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan Beirowski
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine Saint Louis, MO, USA
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26
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Motawi TK, Rizk SM, Ibrahim IAR, El-Emady YF. Alterations in circulating angiogenic and anti-angiogenic factors in type 2 diabetic patients with neuropathy. Cell Biochem Funct 2013; 32:155-63. [PMID: 23913471 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.2987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Revised: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is one of the most common diabetic chronic complications. There is an increased attention directed towards the role of angiogenic factors including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and anti-angiogenic factors including soluble endoglin (sEng) as contributors to diabetic microvascular complications including neuropathy. The purposes of this study were to determine the role of these angiogenesis regulators in the prognosis of DPN. The study group included 60 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and 20 clinically healthy individuals. The patients were divided into two groups. Group I included 20 T2DM patients without peripheral neuropathy, and Group II consisted of 40 T2DM patients with DPN. In all groups, plasma VEGF, sEng and endothelin-1 (ET-1), nitric oxide and ET-1 mRNA were estimated. Plasma levels of VEGF, sEng, ET-1 and nitric oxide were significantly elevated in diabetic patients (Groups I and II) compared with healthy control subjects, with a higher increase in their levels in patients with DPN compared with diabetic patients without peripheral neuropathy. Measurement of plasma levels of angiogenesis-related biomarkers in high-risk diabetic patients might identify who later develop DPN, thus providing opportunities for early detection and targets for novel treatments.
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Abstract
The hematopoietic growth factor erythropoietin (Epo) circulates in plasma and controls the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood (Fisher. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 228:1-14, 2003). Epo is produced primarily in the adult kidney and fetal liver and was originally believed to play a role restricted to stimulation of early erythroid precursor proliferation, inhibition of apoptosis, and differentiation of the erythroid lineage. Early studies showed that mice with targeted deletion of Epo or the Epo receptor (EpoR) show impaired erythropoiesis, lack mature erythrocytes, and die in utero around embryonic day 13.5 (Wu et al. Cell 83:59-67, 1995; Lin et al. Genes Dev. 10:154-164, 1996). These animals also exhibited heart defects, abnormal vascular development as well as increased apoptosis in the brain suggesting additional functions for Epo signaling in normal development of the central nervous system and heart. Now, in addition to its well-known role in erythropoiesis, a diverse array of cells have been identified that produce Epo and/or express the Epo-R including endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and cells of the central nervous system (Masuda et al. J Biol Chem. 269:19488-19493, 1994; Marti et al. Eur J Neurosci. 8:666-676, 1996; Bernaudin et al. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 19:643-651, 1999; Li et al. Neurochem Res. 32:2132-2141, 2007). Endogenously produced Epo and/or expression of the EpoR gives rise to autocrine and paracrine signaling in different organs particularly during hypoxia, toxicity, and injury conditions. Epo has been shown to regulate a variety of cell functions such as calcium flux (Korbel et al. J Comp Physiol B. 174:121-128, 2004) neurotransmitter synthesis and cell survival (Velly et al. Pharmacol Ther. 128:445-459, 2010; Vogel et al. Blood. 102:2278-2284, 2003). Furthermore Epo has neurotrophic effects (Grimm et al. Nat Med. 8:718-724, 2002; Junk et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 99:10659-10664, 2002), can induce an angiogenic phenotype in cultured endothelial cells and is a potent angiogenic factor in vivo (Ribatti et al. Eur J Clin Invest. 33:891-896, 2003) and might enhance ventilation in hypoxic conditions (Soliz et al. J Physiol. 568:559-571, 2005; Soliz et al. J Physiol. 583, 329-336, 2007). Thus multiple functions have been identified breathing new life and exciting possibilities into what is really an old growth factor.This review will address the function of Epo in non-hematopoietic tissues with significant emphasis on the brain and heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omolara O Ogunshola
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Kagias K, Nehammer C, Pocock R. Neuronal responses to physiological stress. Front Genet 2012; 3:222. [PMID: 23112806 PMCID: PMC3481051 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2012.00222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Accepted: 10/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Physiological stress can be defined as any external or internal condition that challenges the homeostasis of a cell or an organism. It can be divided into three different aspects: environmental stress, intrinsic developmental stress, and aging. Throughout life all living organisms are challenged by changes in the environment. Fluctuations in oxygen levels, temperature, and redox state for example, trigger molecular events that enable an organism to adapt, survive, and reproduce. In addition to external stressors, organisms experience stress associated with morphogenesis and changes in inner chemistry during normal development. For example, conditions such as intrinsic hypoxia and oxidative stress, due to an increase in tissue mass, have to be confronted by developing embryos in order to complete their development. Finally, organisms face the challenge of stochastic accumulation of molecular damage during aging that results in decline and eventual death. Studies have shown that the nervous system plays a pivotal role in responding to stress. Neurons not only receive and process information from the environment but also actively respond to various stresses to promote survival. These responses include changes in the expression of molecules such as transcription factors and microRNAs that regulate stress resistance and adaptation. Moreover, both intrinsic and extrinsic stresses have a tremendous impact on neuronal development and maintenance with implications in many diseases. Here, we review the responses of neurons to various physiological stressors at the molecular and cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Kagias
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen Copenhagen, Denmark
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29
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Jeong JK, Moon MH, Park YG, Lee JH, Lee YJ, Seol JW, Park SY. Gingerol-Induced Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1 Alpha Inhibits Human Prion Peptide-Mediated Neurotoxicity. Phytother Res 2012; 27:1185-92. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.4842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Revised: 08/17/2012] [Accepted: 08/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Kyo Jeong
- Korea Zoonoses Research Institute, Bio-Safety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine; Chonbuk National University; Jeonju Jeonbuk 561-756 South Korea
| | - Myung-Hee Moon
- Korea Zoonoses Research Institute, Bio-Safety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine; Chonbuk National University; Jeonju Jeonbuk 561-756 South Korea
| | - Yang-Gyu Park
- Korea Zoonoses Research Institute, Bio-Safety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine; Chonbuk National University; Jeonju Jeonbuk 561-756 South Korea
| | - Ju-Hee Lee
- Korea Zoonoses Research Institute, Bio-Safety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine; Chonbuk National University; Jeonju Jeonbuk 561-756 South Korea
| | - You-Jin Lee
- Korea Zoonoses Research Institute, Bio-Safety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine; Chonbuk National University; Jeonju Jeonbuk 561-756 South Korea
| | - Jae-Won Seol
- Korea Zoonoses Research Institute, Bio-Safety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine; Chonbuk National University; Jeonju Jeonbuk 561-756 South Korea
| | - Sang-Youel Park
- Korea Zoonoses Research Institute, Bio-Safety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine; Chonbuk National University; Jeonju Jeonbuk 561-756 South Korea
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Maiese K, Chong ZZ, Shang YC, Wang S. Erythropoietin: new directions for the nervous system. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:11102-11129. [PMID: 23109841 PMCID: PMC3472733 DOI: 10.3390/ijms130911102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Revised: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
New treatment strategies with erythropoietin (EPO) offer exciting opportunities to prevent the onset and progression of neurodegenerative disorders that currently lack effective therapy and can progress to devastating disability in patients. EPO and its receptor are present in multiple systems of the body and can impact disease progression in the nervous, vascular, and immune systems that ultimately affect disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, retinal injury, stroke, and demyelinating disease. EPO relies upon wingless signaling with Wnt1 and an intimate relationship with the pathways of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI 3-K), protein kinase B (Akt), and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Modulation of these pathways by EPO can govern the apoptotic cascade to control β-catenin, glycogen synthase kinase-3β, mitochondrial permeability, cytochrome c release, and caspase activation. Yet, EPO and each of these downstream pathways require precise biological modulation to avert complications associated with the vascular system, tumorigenesis, and progression of nervous system disorders. Further understanding of the intimate and complex relationship of EPO and the signaling pathways of Wnt, PI 3-K, Akt, and mTOR are critical for the effective clinical translation of these cell pathways into robust treatments for neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Maiese
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Signaling, Cancer Center, F 1220, New Jersey Health Sciences University, 205 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 07101, USA; E-Mails: (Z.Z.C.); (Y.C.S.); (S.W.)
- Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA
- New Jersey Health Sciences University, Newark, New Jersey 07101, USA
| | - Zhao Zhong Chong
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Signaling, Cancer Center, F 1220, New Jersey Health Sciences University, 205 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 07101, USA; E-Mails: (Z.Z.C.); (Y.C.S.); (S.W.)
- New Jersey Health Sciences University, Newark, New Jersey 07101, USA
| | - Yan Chen Shang
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Signaling, Cancer Center, F 1220, New Jersey Health Sciences University, 205 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 07101, USA; E-Mails: (Z.Z.C.); (Y.C.S.); (S.W.)
- New Jersey Health Sciences University, Newark, New Jersey 07101, USA
| | - Shaohui Wang
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Signaling, Cancer Center, F 1220, New Jersey Health Sciences University, 205 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 07101, USA; E-Mails: (Z.Z.C.); (Y.C.S.); (S.W.)
- New Jersey Health Sciences University, Newark, New Jersey 07101, USA
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31
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Lingor P, Koch JC, Tönges L, Bähr M. Axonal degeneration as a therapeutic target in the CNS. Cell Tissue Res 2012; 349:289-311. [PMID: 22392734 PMCID: PMC3375418 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-012-1362-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2011] [Accepted: 02/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Degeneration of the axon is an important step in the pathomechanism of traumatic, inflammatory and degenerative neurological diseases. Increasing evidence suggests that axonal degeneration occurs early in the course of these diseases and therefore represents a promising target for future therapeutic strategies. We review the evidence for axonal destruction from pathological findings and animal models with particular emphasis on neurodegenerative and neurotraumatic disorders. We discuss the basic morphological and temporal modalities of axonal degeneration (acute, chronic and focal axonal degeneration and Wallerian degeneration). Based on the mechanistic concepts, we then delineate in detail the major molecular mechanisms that underlie the degenerative cascade, such as calcium influx, axonal transport, protein aggregation and autophagy. We finally concentrate on putative therapeutic targets based on the mechanistic prerequisites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Lingor
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany.
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32
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Erythropoietin in brain development and beyond. ANATOMY RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2012; 2012:953264. [PMID: 22567318 PMCID: PMC3335485 DOI: 10.1155/2012/953264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2011] [Revised: 10/27/2011] [Accepted: 11/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Erythropoietin is known as the requisite cytokine for red blood cell production. Its receptor, expressed at a high level on erythroid progenitor/precursor cells, is also found on endothelial, neural, and other cell types. Erythropoietin and erythropoietin receptor expression in the developing and adult brain suggest their possible involvement in neurodevelopment and neuroprotection. During ischemic stress, erythropoietin, which is hypoxia inducible, can contribute to brain homeostasis by increasing red blood cell production to increase the blood oxygen carrying capacity, stimulate nitric oxide production to modulate blood flow and contribute to the neurovascular response, or act directly on neural cells to provide neuroprotection as demonstrated in culture and animal models. Clinical studies of erythropoietin treatment in stroke and other diseases provide insight on safety and potential adverse effects and underscore the potential pleiotropic activity of erythropoietin. Herein, we summarize the roles of EPO and its receptor in the developing and adult brain during health and disease, providing first a brief overview of the well-established EPO biology and signaling, its hypoxic regulation, and role in erythropoiesis.
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The role of hypoxia-inducible factors in oxygen sensing by the carotid body. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2012; 758:1-5. [PMID: 23080136 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-4584-1_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chronic intermittent hypoxia (IH) associated with sleep-disordered breathing is an important cause of hypertension, which results from carotid body-mediated activation of the sympathetic nervous system. IH triggers increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the carotid body, which induce increased synthesis and stability of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) and calpain-dependent degradation of HIF-2α. HIF-1 activates transcription of the Nox2 gene, encoding NADPH oxidase 2, which generates superoxide. Loss of HIF-2 activity leads to decreased transcription of the Sod2 gene, encoding manganese superoxide dismutase, which converts superoxide to hydrogen peroxide. Thus, IH disrupts the balance between HIF-1-dependent pro-oxidant and HIF-2-dependent anti-oxidant activities, and this loss of redox homeostasis underlies the pathogenesis of autonomic morbidities associated with IH.
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Sakoda Y, Anand S, Zhao Y, Park JJ, Liu Y, Kuramasu A, van Rooijen N, Chen L, Strome SE, Hancock WW, Chen L, Tamada K. Herpesvirus entry mediator regulates hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and erythropoiesis in mice. J Clin Invest 2011; 121:4810-9. [PMID: 22080867 DOI: 10.1172/jci57332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Erythropoiesis, the production of red blood cells, must be tightly controlled to ensure adequate oxygen delivery to tissues without causing thrombosis or stroke. Control of physiologic and pathologic erythropoiesis is dependent predominantly on erythropoietin (EPO), the expression of which is regulated by hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) activity in response to low oxygen tension. Accumulating evidence indicates that oxygen-independent mediators, including inflammatory stimuli, cytokines, and growth factors, also upregulate HIF activity, but it is unclear whether these signals also result in EPO production and erythropoiesis in vivo. Here, we found that signaling through herpesvirus entry mediator (HVEM), a molecule of the TNF receptor superfamily, promoted HIF-1α activity in the kidney and subsequently facilitated renal Epo production and erythropoiesis in vivo under normoxic conditions. This Epo upregulation was mediated by increased production of NO by renal macrophages. Hvem-deficient mice displayed impaired Epo expression and aggravated anemia in response to erythropoietic stress. These data reveal that HVEM signaling functions to promote HIF-1α activity and Epo production, and thus to regulate erythropoiesis. Furthermore, our findings suggest that this molecular mechanism could represent a therapeutic target for Epo-responsive diseases, including anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukimi Sakoda
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Shang YC, Chong ZZ, Wang S, Maiese K. Erythropoietin and Wnt1 govern pathways of mTOR, Apaf-1, and XIAP in inflammatory microglia. Curr Neurovasc Res 2011; 8:270-85. [PMID: 22023617 PMCID: PMC3254854 DOI: 10.2174/156720211798120990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2011] [Revised: 09/20/2011] [Accepted: 10/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory microglia modulate a host of cellular processes in the central nervous system that include neuronal survival, metabolic fluxes, foreign body exclusion, and cellular regeneration. Elucidation of the pathways that oversee microglial survival and integrity may offer new avenues for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. Here we demonstrate that erythropoietin (EPO), an emerging strategy for immune system modulation, prevents microglial early and late apoptotic injury during oxidant stress through Wnt1, a cysteine-rich glycosylated protein that modulates cellular development and survival. Loss of Wnt1 through blockade of Wnt1 signaling or through the gene silencing of Wnt1 eliminates the protective capacity of EPO. Furthermore, endogenous Wnt1 in microglia is vital to preserve microglial survival since loss of Wnt1 alone increases microglial injury during oxidative stress. Cellular protection by EPO and Wnt1 intersects at the level of protein kinase B (Akt1), the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and p70S6K, which are necessary to foster cytoprotection for microglia. Downstream from these pathways, EPO and Wnt1 control "anti-apoptotic" pathways of microglia through the modulation of mitochondrial membrane permeability, the release of cytochrome c, and the expression of apoptotic protease activating factor-1 (Apaf-1) and X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP). These studies offer new insights for the development of innovative therapeutic strategies for neurodegenerative disorders that focus upon inflammatory microglia and novel signal transduction pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen Shang
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Signaling, University of Medicine and Dentistry, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, 07101 New Jersey
- Department of Neurology and Neurosciences, University of Medicine and Dentistry, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, 07101 New Jersey
- Cancer Center - New Jersey Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, 07101 New Jersey
| | - Zhao Zhong Chong
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Signaling, University of Medicine and Dentistry, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, 07101 New Jersey
- Department of Neurology and Neurosciences, University of Medicine and Dentistry, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, 07101 New Jersey
- Cancer Center - New Jersey Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, 07101 New Jersey
| | - Shaohui Wang
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Signaling, University of Medicine and Dentistry, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, 07101 New Jersey
- Department of Neurology and Neurosciences, University of Medicine and Dentistry, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, 07101 New Jersey
- Cancer Center - New Jersey Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, 07101 New Jersey
| | - Kenneth Maiese
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Signaling, University of Medicine and Dentistry, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, 07101 New Jersey
- Department of Neurology and Neurosciences, University of Medicine and Dentistry, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, 07101 New Jersey
- Cancer Center - New Jersey Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, 07101 New Jersey
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Generation, Translocation, and Action of Nitric Oxide in Living Systems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 18:1211-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2011.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2011] [Revised: 09/19/2011] [Accepted: 09/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Pavenski K, Hare GMT, Mazer CD. Erythropoietic neuroprotection: Holy Grail or potential to fail? Intensive Care Med 2011; 37:1403-5. [PMID: 21779850 DOI: 10.1007/s00134-011-2305-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2011] [Accepted: 05/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Maiese K, Chong ZZ, Shang YC, Wang S. Translating cell survival and cell longevity into treatment strategies with SIRT1. ROMANIAN JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY AND EMBRYOLOGY = REVUE ROUMAINE DE MORPHOLOGIE ET EMBRYOLOGIE 2011; 52:1173-85. [PMID: 22203920 PMCID: PMC3253557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The sirtuin SIRT1, a class III NAD(+)-dependent protein histone deacetylase, is present throughout the body that involves cells of the central nervous system, immune system, cardiovascular system, and the musculoskeletal system. SIRT1 has broad biological effects that affect cellular metabolism as well as cellular survival and longevity that can impact both acute and chronic disease processes that involve neurodegenerative disease, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Given the intricate relationship SIRT1 holds with a host of signal transduction pathways ranging from transcription factors, such as forkhead, to cytokines and growth factors, such as erythropoietin, it becomes critical to elucidate the cellular pathways of SIRT1 to safely and effectively develop and translate novel avenues of treatment for multiple disease entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Maiese
- Department of Neurology and Neurosciences, Cancer Center, F 1220, UMDNJ - New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA.
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