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Lang X, Wang X, Han M, Guo Y, Dong Z. TPGS nanoparticles co-loaded with ABT-737 and R848 for breast cancer therapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 177:117107. [PMID: 38996708 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of new effective drugs to treat breast cancer remains a huge challenge. ABT-737 can inhibit Bcl-2 proteins to promote apoptosis. Resiquimod (R848) is a TLR7/8 agonist that is effective in modulating the immunosuppressive microenvironment. In this study, a codelivery system (TPGS/ABT+R848 NPs) based on D-α-tocopheryl poly (ethylene glycol) 1000 succinate as a potential drug delivery vector to codelivery ABT-737 and R848 was investigated. The size of TPGS/ABT+R848 NPs was 102.5 nm, the drug loading of ABT-737 and R848 was 30.6 % and 12.5 %, and the entrapment efficiency was 84.2 % and 23.7 %, respectively. The nanoparticles showed no significant change in particle size over 14 days. R848 and ABT-737 were released in co-loaded nanoparticles in sequential order. In vitro anti-tumor experiments, the IC50 value of TPGS/ABT+R848 NPs was 0.30 μg·mL-1, 34 times lower than that of free ABT-737. Animal experiments also verified that TPGS/ABT+R848 NPs could enhance the anti-tumor activity, and the tumor weight inhibition rate was 75.3 %. This study demonstrated that TPGS NPs loaded with ABT-737 and R848 have superior combination tumor therapeutic effects, and the co-loaded preparation is conducive to anti-tumor efficacy. The TPGS/ABT+R848 NPs could be a promising platform against breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Lang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 151, Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiangtao Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 151, Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Meihua Han
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 151, Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yifei Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 151, Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Medicine Prescription, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 151, Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, No. 151, Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Zhengqi Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, No. 151, Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Medicine Prescription, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 151, Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, No. 151, Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China.
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2
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Manjunath M, Ravindran F, Sharma S, Siddiqua H, Raghavan SC, Choudhary B. Disarib, a Specific BCL2 Inhibitor, Induces Apoptosis in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells and Impedes Tumour Progression in Xenografts by Altering Mitochondria-Associated Processes. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6485. [PMID: 38928195 PMCID: PMC11203414 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Targeted cancer therapy aims to disrupt the functions of proteins that regulate cancer progression, mainly by using small molecule inhibitors (SMIs). SMIs exert their effect by modulating signalling pathways, organelle integrity, chromatin components, and several biosynthetic processes essential for cell division and survival. Antiapoptotic protein BCL2 is highly upregulated in many cancers compared with normal cells, making it an ideal target for cancer therapy. Around 75% of primary breast cancers overexpress BCL2, providing an opportunity to explore BCL2 inhibitors as a therapeutic option. Disarib is an SMI that has been developed as a selective BCL2 inhibitor. Disarib works by disrupting BCL2-BAK interaction and activating intrinsic apoptotic pathways in leukemic cells while sparing normal cells. We investigated the effects of Disarib, a BCL2 specific inhibitor, on breast cancer cells and xenografts. Cytotoxicity and fluorometric assays revealed that Disarib induced cell death by increasing reactive oxygen species and activating intrinsic apoptotic pathways in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer cells (MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468). Disarib also affected the colony-forming properties of these cells. MDA-MB-231- and MDA-MB-468-derived xenografts showed a significant reduction in tumours upon Disarib treatment. Through the transcriptomics approach, we also explored the influence of BCL2 inhibitors on energy metabolism, mitochondrial dynamics, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Mitochondrial dynamics and glucose metabolism mainly regulate energy metabolism. The change in energetics regulates tumour growth through epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and angiogenesis. RNA sequencing (RNAseq) analysis revealed that BCL2 inhibitors ABT-199 and Disarib maintain Oxphos levels in MDA-MB-231. However, key glycolytic genes were significantly downregulated. Mitochondrial fission genes were seen to be downregulated both in RNAseq data and semi quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRTPCR) in Disarib-treated TNBC cells and xenografts. Lastly, Disarib inhibited wound healing and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. This study showed that Disarib disrupts mitochondrial function, activates the intrinsic apoptotic pathway in breast cancer, and inhibits epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition both in vitro and in vivo. These findings highlight Disarib's potential as a multifaceted therapeutic strategy for patients with Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghana Manjunath
- Department of Biotechnology and Applied Bioinformatics, Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Electronic City Phase 1, Bengaluru 560100, India
| | - Febina Ravindran
- Department of Biotechnology and Applied Bioinformatics, Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Electronic City Phase 1, Bengaluru 560100, India
| | - Shivangi Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology and Applied Bioinformatics, Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Electronic City Phase 1, Bengaluru 560100, India
- Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India; (H.S.); (S.C.R.)
| | - Humaira Siddiqua
- Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India; (H.S.); (S.C.R.)
| | | | - Bibha Choudhary
- Department of Biotechnology and Applied Bioinformatics, Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Electronic City Phase 1, Bengaluru 560100, India
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3
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Kopparapu P, Löhr CV, Pearce MC, Tyavanagimatt S, Nakshatri H, Kolluri SK. Small Molecule Functional Converter of B-Cell Lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) Suppresses Breast Cancer Lung Metastasis. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2024; 7:1302-1309. [PMID: 38751629 PMCID: PMC11091964 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.3c00360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
The B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) family of proteins plays a vital role in tumorigenesis. Cancer cells utilize the expression of Bcl-2 to evade therapy and develop resistance. Bcl-2 overexpression also causes cancer cells to be more invasive and metastatic. About 80% of cancer deaths are due to metastases, and yet targeted therapies for metastatic cancers are scarce. We discovered a small molecule, BFC1103, which changes the conformation of Bcl-2 to convert the antiapoptotic protein to a proapoptotic protein. BFC1103-induced apoptosis is dependent on the expression levels of Bcl-2, with higher levels causing more apoptosis. BFC1103 suppressed the growth of breast cancer lung metastasis. BFC1103 has the potential for further optimization and development for clinical testing in metastatic cancers that express Bcl-2. This study demonstrates a new approach to target Bcl-2 using a small molecule, BFC1103, to suppress metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasad
R. Kopparapu
- Cancer
Research Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-8580, United States
| | - Christiane V. Löhr
- Department
of Biomedical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-4801, United States
| | - Martin C. Pearce
- Cancer
Research Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-8580, United States
| | - Shanthakumar Tyavanagimatt
- Cancer
Research Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-8580, United States
| | - Harikrishna Nakshatri
- Department
of Surgery, Indiana University School of
Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202-3082, United States
| | - Siva K. Kolluri
- Cancer
Research Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-8580, United States
- Linus
Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
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4
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Kopparapu PR, Pearce MC, Löhr CV, Duong C, Jang HS, Tyavanagimatt S, O'Donnell EF, Nakshatri H, Kolluri SK. Identification and Characterization of a Small Molecule Bcl-2 Functional Converter. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 4:634-644. [PMID: 38329389 PMCID: PMC10911799 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-22-0526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Cancer cells exploit the expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 to evade apoptosis and develop resistance to therapeutics. High levels of Bcl-2 leads to sequestration of pro-apoptotic proteins causing the apoptotic machinery to halt. In this study, we report discovery of a small molecule, BFC1108 (5-chloro-N-(2-ethoxyphenyl)-2-[(4-methoxybenzyol)amino]benzamide), which targets Bcl-2 and converts it into a pro-apoptotic protein. The apoptotic effect of BFC1108 is not inhibited, but rather potentiated, by Bcl-2 overexpression. BFC1108 induces a conformational change in Bcl-2, resulting in the exposure of its BH3 domain both in vitro and in vivo. BFC1108 suppresses the growth of triple-negative breast cancer xenografts with high Bcl-2 expression and inhibits breast cancer lung metastasis. This study demonstrates a novel approach to targeting Bcl-2 using BFC1108, a small molecule Bcl-2 functional converter that effectively induces apoptosis in Bcl-2-expressing cancers. SIGNIFICANCE We report the identification of a small molecule that exposes the Bcl-2 killer conformation and induces death in Bcl-2-expressing cancer cells. Selective targeting of Bcl-2 and elimination of cancer cells expressing Bcl-2 opens up new therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasad R. Kopparapu
- Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Martin C. Pearce
- Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Christiane V. Löhr
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Cathy Duong
- Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Hyo Sang Jang
- Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Shanthakumar Tyavanagimatt
- Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Edmond F. O'Donnell
- Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | | | - Siva K. Kolluri
- Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
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5
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Ergul M, Kilic-Kurt Z, Aka Y, Kutuk O, Sahin-Inan ZD. The mechanism of anticancer effects of some pyrrolopyrimidine derivatives on HT-29 human colon cancer cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2024; 95:105757. [PMID: 38061602 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2023.105757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, the mechanism of anticancer activity of some pyrrolopyrimidine derivatives was evaluated. Compounds 5 and 8 exhibiting significant antiproliferative activity against HT-29 cells with IC50 values of 4.17 μM and 2.96, arrested the cells at the G2/M phase and significantly induced apoptosis. The apoptotic potential of the compounds has been verified via ELISA assay, which resulted in increased BAX, PUMA, BIM, and cleaved caspase 3 expression and decreased BCL-XL and MCL-1 protein levels in HT-29 cells. Moreover, the immunofluorescence technique showing that compounds 5 and 8-treatment reduced Ki67 immunolocalization and increased the caspase 3 and p53 immunolocalization confirmed the apoptotic activity. While treatment of HT-29 cells to compounds 5 and 8 inhibited Akt and ERK1/2, there are no alterations in JNK and p38 signaling pathways. According to molecular docking results, compounds 5 and 8 occupied the active site of Akt kinase and showed important hydrogen bonding interactions with key amino acids. Also, siRNA-mediated depletion of BIM, PUMA, and BAX/BAK expression decreased apoptotic response in HT-29 cells upon exposure to compound 5 and compound 8. Compounds 5 and 8 trigger the activation of mitochondrial apoptosis in HT-29 cells. Additionally, we found that proapoptotic BH3-only proteins BIM and PUMA are required for the full engagement of mitochondrial apoptosis signaling. However, p53 was dispensable for compound 5- or compound 8-induced apoptosis in HT-29 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Ergul
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Zuhal Kilic-Kurt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Yeliz Aka
- Baskent University School of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Adana Dr. Turgut Noyan Medical and Research Center, Adana, Turkey
| | - Ozgur Kutuk
- Baskent University School of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Adana Dr. Turgut Noyan Medical and Research Center, Adana, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Deniz Sahin-Inan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
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6
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Shamis SA, Savioli F, Ammar A, Al-Badran SS, Hatthakarnkul P, Leslie H, Mallon EE, Jamieson NB, McMillan DC, Edwards J. Spatial transcriptomic analysis of tumour with high and low CAIX expression in TNBC tissue samples using GeoMx™ RNA assay. Histol Histopathol 2024; 39:177-200. [PMID: 37681672 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Prognostic significance and gene signatures associated with carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) was investigated in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients. METHODS Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for CAIX was performed in tissue microarrays (TMAs) of 136 TNBC patients. In a subset of 52 patients Digital Spatial Profiler (DSP) was performed in tumour (pan-cytokeratin+) and stroma (pan-cytokeratin-). Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with P<0.05 and and log2 fold change (FC)>(±0.25 and ±0.3, for tumour and stromal compartment, respectively) were identified. Four genes were validated at the protein level. RESULT Cytoplasmic CAIX expression was independently associated with poor recurrence free survival in TNBC patients [hazard ratio (HR)=6.59, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.47-29.58, P=0.014]. DEG analysis identified 4 up-regulated genes (CD68, HIF1A, pan-melanocyte, and VSIR) in the tumour region and 9 down-regulated genes in the stromal region (CD86, CD3E, MS4A1, BCL2, CCL5, NKG7, PTPRC, CD27, and FAS) when low versus high CAIX expression was explored. Employing IHC, high CD68 and HIF-1α was associated with poorer prognosis and high BCL2 and CD3 was associated with good prognosis. CONCLUSIONS DSP technology identified DEGs in TNBC. Selected genes validated by IHC showed involvement of CD3 and BCL2 expression within stroma and HIF-1α, and CD68 expression within tumour. However, further functional analysis is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suad Ak Shamis
- Academic Unit of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Royal Infirmary, Alexandria Parade, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
- Unit of Molecular Pathology, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Francesca Savioli
- Academic Unit of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Royal Infirmary, Alexandria Parade, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
| | - Aula Ammar
- Unit of Molecular Pathology, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Sara Sf Al-Badran
- Unit of Molecular Pathology, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Phimmada Hatthakarnkul
- Unit of Molecular Pathology, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Holly Leslie
- Unit of Molecular Pathology, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Ea Mallon
- Department of Pathology, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Nigel B Jamieson
- Unit of Molecular Pathology, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Donald C McMillan
- Academic Unit of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Royal Infirmary, Alexandria Parade, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
| | - Joanne Edwards
- Unit of Molecular Pathology, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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7
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Ahmadpour ST, Orre C, Bertevello PS, Mirebeau-Prunier D, Dumas JF, Desquiret-Dumas V. Breast Cancer Chemoresistance: Insights into the Regulatory Role of lncRNA. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15897. [PMID: 37958880 PMCID: PMC10650504 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a subclass of noncoding RNAs composed of more than 200 nucleotides without the ability to encode functional proteins. Given their involvement in critical cellular processes such as gene expression regulation, transcription, and translation, lncRNAs play a significant role in organism homeostasis. Breast cancer (BC) is the second most common cancer worldwide and evidence has shown a relationship between aberrant lncRNA expression and BC development. One of the main obstacles in BC control is multidrug chemoresistance, which is associated with the deregulation of multiple mechanisms such as efflux transporter activity, mitochondrial metabolism reprogramming, and epigenetic regulation as well as apoptosis and autophagy. Studies have shown the involvement of a large number of lncRNAs in the regulation of such pathways. However, the underlying mechanism is not clearly elucidated. In this review, we present the principal mechanisms associated with BC chemoresistance that can be directly or indirectly regulated by lncRNA, highlighting the importance of lncRNA in controlling BC chemoresistance. Understanding these mechanisms in deep detail may interest the clinical outcome of BC patients and could be used as therapeutic targets to overcome BC therapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Tayebeh Ahmadpour
- Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer, Inserm, UMR1069, Université de Tours, 37032 Tours, France; (P.S.B.); (J.-F.D.)
| | - Charlotte Orre
- Inserm U1083, UMR CNRS 6214, Angers University, 49933 Angers, France; (C.O.); (D.M.-P.)
| | - Priscila Silvana Bertevello
- Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer, Inserm, UMR1069, Université de Tours, 37032 Tours, France; (P.S.B.); (J.-F.D.)
| | | | - Jean-François Dumas
- Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer, Inserm, UMR1069, Université de Tours, 37032 Tours, France; (P.S.B.); (J.-F.D.)
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8
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Scully MA, Wilkins DE, Dang MN, Hoover EC, Aboeleneen SB, Day ES. Cancer Cell Membrane Wrapped Nanoparticles for the Delivery of a Bcl-2 Inhibitor to Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:3895-3913. [PMID: 37459272 PMCID: PMC10628893 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Overexpression of the antiapoptotic protein B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) is correlated with poor survival outcomes in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), making Bcl-2 inhibition a promising strategy to treat this aggressive disease. Unfortunately, Bcl-2 inhibitors developed to date have limited clinical success against solid tumors, owing to poor bioavailability, insufficient tumor delivery, and off-target toxicity. To circumvent these problems, we loaded the Bcl-2 inhibitor ABT-737 in poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) that were wrapped with phospholipid membranes derived from 4T1 murine mammary cancer cells, which mimic the growth and metastasis of human TNBC. We show that the biomimetic cancer cell membrane coating enabled the NPs to preferentially target 4T1 TNBC cells over noncancerous mammary epithelial cells in vitro and significantly increased NP accumulation in orthotopic 4T1 tumors in mice after intravenous injection by over 2-fold compared to poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(lactide-co-glycolic) (PEG-PLGA) copolymer NPs. Congruently, the ABT-737 loaded, cancer cell membrane-wrapped PLGA NPs (ABT CCNPs) induced higher levels of apoptosis in TNBC cells in vitro than ABT-737 delivered freely or in PEG-PLGA NPs. When tested in a syngeneic spontaneous metastasis model, the ABT CCNPs significantly increased apoptosis (evidenced by elevated active caspase-3 and decreased Bcl-2 staining) and decreased proliferation (denoted by reduced Ki67 staining) throughout tumors compared with saline or ABT-loaded PEG-PLGA NP controls. Moreover, the ABT CCNPs did not alter animal weight or blood composition, suggesting that the specificity afforded by the TNBC cell membrane coating mitigated the off-target adverse effects typically associated with ABT-737. Despite these promising results, the low dose of ABT CCNPs administered only modestly reduced primary tumor growth and metastatic nodule formation in the lungs relative to controls. We posit that increasing the dose of ABT CCNPs, altering the treatment schedule, or encapsulating a more potent Bcl-2 inhibitor may yield more robust effects on tumor growth and metastasis. With further development, drug-loaded biomimetic NPs may safely treat solid tumors such as TNBC that are characterized by Bcl-2 overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mackenzie A Scully
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19713, United States
| | - Dana E Wilkins
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19713, United States
| | - Megan N Dang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19713, United States
| | - Elise C Hoover
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19713, United States
| | - Sara B Aboeleneen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19713, United States
| | - Emily S Day
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19713, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- Helen F. Graham Cancer Center and Research Institute, Newark, Delaware 19713, United States
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9
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Normann LS, Haugen MH, Hongisto V, Aure MR, Leivonen SK, Kristensen VN, Tahiri A, Engebraaten O, Sahlberg KK, Mælandsmo GM. High-throughput screen in vitro identifies dasatinib as a candidate for combinatorial treatment with HER2-targeting drugs in breast cancer. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280507. [PMID: 36706086 PMCID: PMC9882887 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive (HER2+) breast cancer is an aggressive subtype of this disease. Targeted treatment has improved outcome, but there is still a need for new therapeutic strategies as some patients respond poorly to treatment. Our aim was to identify compounds that substantially affect viability in HER2+ breast cancer cells in response to combinatorial treatment. We performed a high-throughput drug screen of 278 compounds in combination with trastuzumab and lapatinib using two HER2+ breast cancer cell lines (KPL4 and SUM190PT). The most promising drugs were validated in vitro and in vivo, and downstream molecular changes of the treatments were analyzed. The screen revealed multiple drugs that could be used in combination with lapatinib and/or trastuzumab. The Src-inhibitor dasatinib showed the largest combinatorial effect together with lapatinib in the KPL4 cell line compared to treatment with dasatinib alone (p < 0.01). In vivo, only lapatinib significantly reduced tumor growth (p < 0.05), whereas dasatinib alone, or in combination with lapatinib, did not show significant effects. Protein analyses of the treated xenografts showed significant alterations in protein levels compared to untreated controls, suggesting that all drugs reached the tumor and exerted a measurable effect. In silico analyses suggested activation of apoptosis and reduced activity of survival pathways by all treatments, but the opposite pattern was observed for the combinatorial treatment compared to lapatinib alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Svartdal Normann
- Department of Research and Innovation, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Drammen, Norway
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mads Haugland Haugen
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vesa Hongisto
- Division of Toxicology, Misvik Biology, Turku, Finland
| | - Miriam Ragle Aure
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Suvi-Katri Leivonen
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Medical Faculty, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vessela N. Kristensen
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Andliena Tahiri
- Department of Research and Innovation, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Drammen, Norway
| | - Olav Engebraaten
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristine Kleivi Sahlberg
- Department of Research and Innovation, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Drammen, Norway
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- * E-mail:
| | - Gunhild Mari Mælandsmo
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute for Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT–The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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10
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Mehrotra N, Anees M, Tiwari S, Kharbanda S, Singh H. Polylactic acid based polymeric nanoparticle mediated co-delivery of navitoclax and decitabine for cancer therapy. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2023; 47:102627. [PMID: 36410699 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2022.102627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Combination chemotherapy with systemic administration of drugs in their free form can be challenging due to non-synchronized pharmacokinetics and sub-optimal tumor accumulation. The present study investigates a PLA-based block copolymeric nanocarrier for the co-delivery of navitoclax and decitabine (NAV/DCB NPs) for combination cancer therapy. NAV/DCB NPs exhibited potent in vitro synergistic cytotoxicity in both acute myeloid leukemia and breast cancer cell lines. Biodistribution studies of NAV/DCB NPs in tumor bearing mice, showed significant drug accumulation in tumor tissue and detectable quantities in plasma even after 48 h. Good hemocompatibility with reduced in vivo platelet toxicity indicated that encapsulation in PLA-based nanocarrier helped ameliorate navitoclax associated thrombocytopenia. In vivo biological activity of NAV/DCB NPs evaluated in xenograft AML and syngeneic breast cancer model, demonstrated potent tumor growth inhibition efficacy. PLA-based NAV/DCB dual NPs present a novel, safe and effective nanoformulation for combination cancer therapy in both solid tumors and hematologic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Mehrotra
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India
| | - Mohd Anees
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India
| | | | | | - Harpal Singh
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India; Department of Biomedical Engineering, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Delhi, India.
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11
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Lindeman GJ, Fernando TM, Bowen R, Jerzak KJ, Song X, Decker T, Boyle F, McCune S, Armstrong A, Shannon C, Bertelli G, Chang CW, Desai R, Gupta K, Wilson TR, Flechais A, Bardia A. VERONICA: Randomized Phase II Study of Fulvestrant and Venetoclax in ER-Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer Post-CDK4/6 Inhibitors - Efficacy, Safety, and Biomarker Results. Clin Cancer Res 2022; 28:3256-3267. [PMID: 35583555 PMCID: PMC9662928 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-3811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Despite promising activity in hematopoietic malignancies, efficacy of the B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2) inhibitor venetoclax in solid tumors is unknown. We report the prespecified VERONICA primary results, a randomized phase II clinical trial evaluating venetoclax and fulvestrant in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive, HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer, post-cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6 inhibitor progression. PATIENTS AND METHODS Pre-/postmenopausal females ≥18 years were randomized 1:1 to venetoclax (800 mg orally daily) plus fulvestrant (500 mg intramuscular; cycle 1: days 1 and 15; subsequent 28-day cycles: day 1) or fulvestrant alone. The primary endpoint was clinical benefit rate (CBR); secondary endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival, and safety. Exploratory biomarker analyses included BCL2 and BCL extra-large (BCLXL) tumor expression, and PIK3CA circulating tumor DNA mutational status. RESULTS At primary analysis (cutoff: August 5, 2020; n = 103), venetoclax did not significantly improve CBR [venetoclax plus fulvestrant: 11.8% (n = 6/51; 95% confidence interval (CI), 4.44-23.87); fulvestrant: 13.7% (7/51; 5.70-26.26); risk difference -1.96% (95% CI, -16.86 to 12.94)]. Median PFS was 2.69 months (95% CI, 1.94-3.71) with venetoclax plus fulvestrant versus 1.94 months (1.84-3.55) with fulvestrant (stratified HR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.61-1.45; P = 0.7853). Overall survival data were not mature. A nonsignificant improvement of CBR and PFS was observed in patients whose tumors had strong BCL2 expression (IHC 3+), a BCL2/BCLXL Histoscore ratio ≥1, or PIK3CA-wild-type status. CONCLUSIONS Our findings do not indicate clinical utility for venetoclax plus fulvestrant in endocrine therapy-resistant, CDK4/6 inhibitor-refractory metastatic breast tumors, but suggest possible increased dependence on BCLXL in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey J. Lindeman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia.,Cancer Biology and Stem Cells Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Corresponding Author: Geoffrey J. Lindeman, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia. Phone: 61-3-9345-2611; Fax: 61-3-9347-0852; E-mail:
| | - Tharu M. Fernando
- Oncology Biomarker Development, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Rebecca Bowen
- Medical Oncology, Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Katarzyna J. Jerzak
- Medical Oncology, Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Xinni Song
- Medical Oncology, The Ottawa Hospital Cancer Centre, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Thomas Decker
- Hematology and Oncology, Onkologie Ravensburg, Ravensburg, Germany
| | - Frances Boyle
- Patricia Ritchie Centre for Cancer Care and Research, Mater Hospital, Sydney, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Steve McCune
- Medical Oncology, Wellstar Health System, Marietta, Georgia
| | - Anne Armstrong
- Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Ching-Wei Chang
- PHC and Early Development Oncology Biostatistics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Rupal Desai
- Oncology Biomarker Development, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Kushagra Gupta
- Biostatistics, IQVIA RDS (India) Private Ltd, Bangalore, India
| | - Timothy R. Wilson
- Oncology Biomarker Development, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Aulde Flechais
- Global PD Senior Clinical Scientist-Oncology, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Aditya Bardia
- Medical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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12
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Pesch AM, Chandler BC, Michmerhuizen AR, Carter HM, Hirsh NH, Wilder-Romans K, Liu M, Ward T, Ritter CL, Nino CA, Jungles KM, Pierce LJ, Rae JM, Speers CW. Bcl-xL inhibition radiosensitizes PIK3CA/PTEN wild-type triple negative breast cancers with low Mcl-1 expression. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 2:679-693. [PMID: 36381235 PMCID: PMC9648413 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-22-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Patients with radioresistant breast cancers, including a large percentage of women with triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), demonstrate limited response to radiation (RT) and increased locoregional recurrence; thus, strategies to increase the efficacy of RT in TNBC are critically needed. We demonstrate that pan Bcl-2 family inhibition (ABT-263, rER: 1.52-1.56) or Bcl-xL specific inhibition (WEHI-539, A-1331852; rER: 1.31-2.00) radiosensitized wild-type PIK3CA/PTEN TNBC (MDA-MB-231, CAL-120) but failed to radiosensitize mutant PIK3CA/PTEN TNBC (rER: 0.90 - 1.07; MDA-MB-468, CAL-51, SUM-159). Specific inhibition of Bcl-2 or Mcl-1 did not induce radiosensitization, regardless of PIK3CA/PTEN status (rER: 0.95 - 1.07). In wild-type PIK3CA/PTEN TNBC, pan Bcl-2 family inhibition or Bcl-xL specific inhibition with RT led to increased levels of apoptosis (p < 0.001) and an increase in cleaved PARP and cleaved caspase 3. CRISPR-mediated PTEN knockout in wild-type PIK3CA/PTEN MDA-MB-231 and CAL-120 cells induced expression of pAKT/Akt and Mcl-1 and abolished Bcl-xL inhibitor-mediated radiosensitization (rER: 0.94 - 1.07). Similarly, Mcl-1 overexpression abolished radiosensitization in MDA-MB-231 and CAL-120 cells (rER: 1.02 - 1.04) but transient MCL1 knockdown in CAL-51 cells promoted Bcl-xL-inhibitor mediated radiosensitization (rER 2.35 ± 0.05). In vivo, ABT-263 or A-1331852 in combination with RT decreased tumor growth and increased tumor tripling time (p < 0.0001) in PIK3CA/PTEN wild-type TNBC cell line and patient-derived xenografts. Collectively, this study provides the preclinical rationale for early phase clinical trials testing the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of Bcl-xL inhibition and RT in women with wild-type PIK3CA/PTEN wild-type TNBC at high risk for recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M. Pesch
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Benjamin C. Chandler
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Anna R. Michmerhuizen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Hannah M. Carter
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Nicole H. Hirsh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Kari Wilder-Romans
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Meilan Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Tanner Ward
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Cassandra L. Ritter
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Charles A. Nino
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Kassidy M. Jungles
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Lori J. Pierce
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - James M. Rae
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Corey W. Speers
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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13
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Winder ML, Campbell KJ. MCL-1 is a clinically targetable vulnerability in breast cancer. Cell Cycle 2022; 21:1439-1455. [PMID: 35349392 PMCID: PMC9278428 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2022.2054096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Pro-survival members of the BCL-2 family, including MCL-1, are emerging as important proteins during the development and therapeutic response of solid tumors. Notably, high levels of MCL-1 occur in breast cancer, where functional dependency has been demonstrated using cell lines and mouse models. The utility of restoring apoptosis in cancer cells through inhibition of pro-survival BCL-2 proteins has been realized in the clinic, where the first specific inhibitor of BCL-2 is approved for use in leukemia. A variety of MCL-1 inhibitors are now undergoing clinical trials for blood cancer treatment and application of this new class of drugs is also being tested in solid cancers. On-target compounds specific to MCL-1 have demonstrated promising efficacy in preclinical models of breast cancer and show potential to enhance the anti-tumor effect of conventional therapies. Taken together, this makes MCL-1 an extremely attractive target for clinical evaluation in the context of breast cancer.Abbreviations: ADC (antibody-drug conjugate); AML (Acute myeloid leukemia); APAF1 (apoptotic protease activating factor 1); bCAFs (breast cancer associated fibroblasts); BCL-2 (B-cell lymphoma 2); BH (BCL-2 homology); CLL (chronic lymphocytic leukemia); EGF (epidermal growth factor); EMT (epithelial to mesenchymal transition); ER (estrogen receptor); FDA (food and drug administration); GEMM (genetically engineered mouse model); HER2 (human epidermal growth factor 2); IL6 (interleukin 6); IMM (inner mitochondrial membrane); IMS (intermembrane space); MCL-1 (myeloid cell leukemia-1); MOMP (mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilisation); MM (multiple myeloma); PDX (patient-derived xenograft); OMM (outer mitochondrial membrane); PROTAC (proteolysis-targeting chimeras) TNBC (triple negative breast cancer); UPS (ubiquitin mediated proteolysis system).
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L Winder
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate,Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Kirsteen J Campbell
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate,Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
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14
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Montero J, Haq R. Adapted to Survive: Targeting Cancer Cells with BH3 Mimetics. Cancer Discov 2022; 12:1217-1232. [PMID: 35491624 PMCID: PMC9306285 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-21-1334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A hallmark of cancer is cell death evasion, underlying suboptimal responses to chemotherapy, targeted agents, and immunotherapies. The approval of the antiapoptotic BCL2 antagonist venetoclax has finally validated the potential of targeting apoptotic pathways in patients with cancer. Nevertheless, pharmacologic modulators of cell death have shown markedly varied responses in preclinical and clinical studies. Here, we review emerging concepts in the use of this class of therapies. Building on these observations, we propose that treatment-induced changes in apoptotic dependency, rather than pretreatment dependencies, will need to be recognized and targeted to realize the precise deployment of these new pharmacologic agents. SIGNIFICANCE Targeting antiapoptotic family members has proven efficacious and tolerable in some cancers, but responses are infrequent, particularly for patients with solid tumors. Biomarkers to aid patient selection have been lacking. Precision functional approaches that overcome adaptive resistance to these compounds could drive durable responses to chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Montero
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain.,Corresponding Authors: Rizwan Haq, Department of Medical Oncology M423A, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215. Phone: 617-632-6168; E-mail: ; and Joan Montero, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), c/Baldiri Reixac 15-21, Barcelona 08028, Spain. Phone: 34-93-403-9956; E-mail:
| | - Rizwan Haq
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Corresponding Authors: Rizwan Haq, Department of Medical Oncology M423A, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215. Phone: 617-632-6168; E-mail: ; and Joan Montero, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), c/Baldiri Reixac 15-21, Barcelona 08028, Spain. Phone: 34-93-403-9956; E-mail:
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15
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Kawiak A, Kostecka A. Regulation of Bcl-2 Family Proteins in Estrogen Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer and Their Implications in Endocrine Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:279. [PMID: 35053443 PMCID: PMC8773933 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14020279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer accounts for around two-thirds of breast cancer occurrences, with endocrine therapy serving as first-line therapy in most cases. Targeting estrogen signaling pathways, which play a central role in regulating ER+ breast cell proliferation and survival, has proven to improve patient outcomes. However, despite the undeniable advantages of endocrine therapy, a subset of breast cancer patients develop acquired or intrinsic resistance to ER-targeting agents, limiting their efficacy. The activation of downstream ER signaling pathways upregulates pro-survival mechanisms that have been shown to influence the response of cells to endocrine therapy. The Bcl-2 family proteins play a central role in cell death regulation and have been shown to contribute to endocrine therapy resistance, supporting the survival of breast cancer cells and enhancing cell death evasion. Due to the overexpression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins in ER-positive breast cancer, the role of these proteins as potential targets in hormone-responsive breast cancer is growing in interest. In particular, recent advances in the development of BH3 mimetics have enabled their evaluation in preclinical studies with ER+ breast cancer models, and BH3 mimetics have entered early ER+ breast cancer clinical trials. This review summarizes the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of Bcl-2 family proteins in ER+ breast cancer. Furthermore, an overview of recent advances in research regarding the efficacy of BH3 mimetics in ER+ breast cancer has been provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kawiak
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk, Abrahama 58, 80-307 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Anna Kostecka
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdansk, Poland;
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16
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Townsend PA, Kozhevnikova MV, Cexus ONF, Zamyatnin AA, Soond SM. BH3-mimetics: recent developments in cancer therapy. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2021; 40:355. [PMID: 34753495 PMCID: PMC8576916 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-02157-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The hopeful outcomes from 30 years of research in BH3-mimetics have indeed served a number of solid paradigms for targeting intermediates from the apoptosis pathway in a variety of diseased states. Not only have such rational approaches in drug design yielded several key therapeutics, such outputs have also offered insights into the integrated mechanistic aspects of basic and clinical research at the genetics level for the future. In no other area of medical research have the effects of such work been felt, than in cancer research, through targeting the BAX-Bcl-2 protein-protein interactions. With these promising outputs in mind, several mimetics, and their potential therapeutic applications, have also been developed for several other pathological conditions, such as cardiovascular disease and tissue fibrosis, thus highlighting the universal importance of the intrinsic arm of the apoptosis pathway and its input to general tissue homeostasis. Considering such recent developments, and in a field that has generated so much scientific interest, we take stock of how the broadening area of BH3-mimetics has developed and diversified, with a focus on their uses in single and combined cancer treatment regimens and recently explored therapeutic delivery methods that may aid the development of future therapeutics of this nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Townsend
- University of Surrey, Guildford, UK. .,Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation. .,University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Maria V Kozhevnikova
- University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.,Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | | | - Andrey A Zamyatnin
- University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.,Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, Russian Federation
| | - Surinder M Soond
- University of Surrey, Guildford, UK. .,Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation.
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17
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Fairlie WD, Lee EF. Targeting the BCL-2-regulated apoptotic pathway for the treatment of solid cancers. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:2397-2410. [PMID: 34581776 PMCID: PMC8589438 DOI: 10.1042/bst20210750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The deregulation of apoptosis is a key contributor to tumourigenesis as it can lead to the unwanted survival of rogue cells. Drugs known as the BH3-mimetics targeting the pro-survival members of the BCL-2 protein family to induce apoptosis in cancer cells have achieved clinical success for the treatment of haematological malignancies. However, despite our increasing knowledge of the pro-survival factors mediating the unwanted survival of solid tumour cells, and our growing BH3-mimetics armamentarium, the application of BH3-mimetic therapy in solid cancers has not reached its full potential. This is mainly attributed to the need to identify clinically safe, yet effective, combination strategies to target the multiple pro-survival proteins that typically mediate the survival of solid tumours. In this review, we discuss current and exciting new developments in the field that has the potential to unleash the full power of BH3-mimetic therapy to treat currently recalcitrant solid malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- W. Douglas Fairlie
- Cell Death and Survival Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia
- Cell Death and Survival Laboratory, School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Erinna F. Lee
- Cell Death and Survival Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia
- Cell Death and Survival Laboratory, School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
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18
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Garcia‐Pelaez J, Barbosa‐Matos R, Gullo I, Carneiro F, Oliveira C. Histological and mutational profile of diffuse gastric cancer: current knowledge and future challenges. Mol Oncol 2021; 15:2841-2867. [PMID: 33724653 PMCID: PMC8564639 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) pathogenesis is complex and heterogeneous, reflecting morphological, molecular and genetic diversity. Diffuse gastric cancer (DGC) and intestinal gastric cancer (IGC) are the major histological types. GC may be sporadic or hereditary; sporadic GC is related to environmental and genetic low-risk factors and hereditary GC is caused by inherited high-risk mutations, so far identified only for the diffuse histotype. DGC phenotypic heterogeneity challenges the current understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying carcinogenesis. The definition of a DGC-specific mutational profile remains controversial, possibly reflecting the heterogeneity of DGC-related histological subtypes [signet-ring cell carcinoma (SRCC) and poorly cohesive carcinoma not otherwise specified (PCC-NOS)]. Indeed, DGC and DGC-related subtypes may present specific mutational profiles underlying the particularly aggressive behaviour and dismal prognosis of DGC vs IGC and PCC-NOS vs SRCC. In this systematic review, we revised the histological presentations, molecular classifications and approved therapies for gastric cancer, with a focus on DGC. We then analysed results from the most relevant studies, reporting mutational analysis data specifying mutational frequencies, and their relationship with DGC and IGC histological types, and with specific DGC subtypes (SRCC and PCC-NOS). We aimed at identifying histology-associated mutational profiles with an emphasis in DGC and its subtypes (DGC vs IGC; sporadic vs hereditary DGC; and SRCC vs PCC-NOS). We further used these mutational profiles to identify the most commonly affected molecular pathways and biological functions, and explored the clinical trials directed specifically to patients with DGC. This systematic analysis is expected to expose a DGC-specific molecular profile and shed light into potential targets for therapeutic intervention, which are currently missing.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Garcia‐Pelaez
- i3S – Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do PortoPortugal
- IPATIMUP – Institute of Molecular Pathology and ImmunologyUniversity of PortoPortugal
- Doctoral Programme on BiomedicineFaculty of MedicineUniversity of PortoPortugal
| | - Rita Barbosa‐Matos
- i3S – Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do PortoPortugal
- IPATIMUP – Institute of Molecular Pathology and ImmunologyUniversity of PortoPortugal
- Doctoral Programme on Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Applied to Health Sciences (BiotechHealth)ICBAS – Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel SalazarUniversity of PortoPortugal
| | - Irene Gullo
- i3S – Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do PortoPortugal
- IPATIMUP – Institute of Molecular Pathology and ImmunologyUniversity of PortoPortugal
- Department of PathologyFMUP ‐ Faculty of Medicine of the University of PortoPortugal
- Department of PathologyCHUSJ – Centro Hospitalar Universitário São JoãoPortoPortugal
| | - Fátima Carneiro
- i3S – Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do PortoPortugal
- IPATIMUP – Institute of Molecular Pathology and ImmunologyUniversity of PortoPortugal
- Department of PathologyFMUP ‐ Faculty of Medicine of the University of PortoPortugal
- Department of PathologyCHUSJ – Centro Hospitalar Universitário São JoãoPortoPortugal
| | - Carla Oliveira
- i3S – Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do PortoPortugal
- IPATIMUP – Institute of Molecular Pathology and ImmunologyUniversity of PortoPortugal
- Department of PathologyFMUP ‐ Faculty of Medicine of the University of PortoPortugal
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19
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Schroeder B, Vander Steen T, Espinoza I, Venkatapoorna CMK, Hu Z, Silva FM, Regan K, Cuyàs E, Meng XW, Verdura S, Arbusà A, Schneider PA, Flatten KS, Kemble G, Montero J, Kaufmann SH, Menendez JA, Lupu R. Fatty acid synthase (FASN) regulates the mitochondrial priming of cancer cells. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:977. [PMID: 34675185 PMCID: PMC8531299 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04262-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitors of the lipogenic enzyme fatty acid synthase (FASN) have attracted much attention in the last decade as potential targeted cancer therapies. However, little is known about the molecular determinants of cancer cell sensitivity to FASN inhibitors (FASNis), which is a major roadblock to their therapeutic application. Here, we find that pharmacological starvation of endogenously produced FAs is a previously unrecognized metabolic stress that heightens mitochondrial apoptotic priming and favors cell death induction by BH3 mimetic inhibitors. Evaluation of the death decision circuits controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins revealed that FASN inhibition is accompanied by the upregulation of the pro-death BH3-only proteins BIM, PUMA, and NOXA. Cell death triggered by FASN inhibition, which causally involves a palmitate/NADPH-related redox imbalance, is markedly diminished by concurrent loss of BIM or PUMA, suggesting that FASN activity controls cancer cell survival by fine-tuning the BH3 only proteins-dependent mitochondrial threshold for apoptosis. FASN inhibition results in a heightened mitochondrial apoptosis priming, shifting cells toward a primed-for-death state "addicted" to the anti-apoptotic protein BCL-2. Accordingly, co-administration of a FASNi synergistically augments the apoptosis-inducing activity of the dual BCL-XL/BCL-2 inhibitor ABT-263 (navitoclax) and the BCL-2 specific BH3-mimetic ABT-199 (venetoclax). FASN inhibition, however, fails to sensitize breast cancer cells to MCL-1- and BCL-XL-selective inhibitors such as S63845 and A1331852. A human breast cancer xenograft model evidenced that oral administration of the only clinically available FASNi drastically sensitizes FASN-addicted breast tumors to ineffective single-agents navitoclax and venetoclax in vivo. In summary, a novel FASN-driven facet of the mitochondrial priming mechanistically links the redox-buffering mechanism of FASN activity to the intrinsic apoptotic threshold in breast cancer cells. Combining next-generation FASNis with BCL-2-specific BH3 mimetics that directly activate the apoptotic machinery might generate more potent and longer-lasting antitumor responses in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Schroeder
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.,Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.,Helmholtz Pioneer Campus, Heimholtz Zentrum München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1 D-85764 Neuherberg, Munich, Germany
| | - Travis Vander Steen
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Ingrid Espinoza
- Department of Preventive Medicine, John D. Bower School of Population Health, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA.,Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Chandra M Kurapaty Venkatapoorna
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.,Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Hospital Management, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Zeng Hu
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.,Radiation Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Fernando Martín Silva
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kevin Regan
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Elisabet Cuyàs
- Girona Biomedical Research Institute, 17190, Salt, Girona, Spain.,Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Metabolism & Cancer Group, Catalan Institute of Oncology, 17007, Girona, Spain
| | - X Wei Meng
- Deparment of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Sara Verdura
- Girona Biomedical Research Institute, 17190, Salt, Girona, Spain.,Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Metabolism & Cancer Group, Catalan Institute of Oncology, 17007, Girona, Spain
| | - Aina Arbusà
- Girona Biomedical Research Institute, 17190, Salt, Girona, Spain.,Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Metabolism & Cancer Group, Catalan Institute of Oncology, 17007, Girona, Spain
| | | | - Karen S Flatten
- Deparment of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - George Kemble
- Sagimet Biosciences (formerly 3-V Biosciences), San Mateo, CA, 94402, USA
| | - Joan Montero
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Scott H Kaufmann
- Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.,Deparment of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Javier A Menendez
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA. .,Girona Biomedical Research Institute, 17190, Salt, Girona, Spain.
| | - Ruth Lupu
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA. .,Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Mayo Clinic Laboratory, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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20
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Young A, Bu W, Jiang W, Ku A, Kapali J, Dhamne S, Qin L, Hilsenbeck SG, Du YCN, Li Y. Targeting the Pro-Survival Protein BCL-2 to Prevent Breast Cancer. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2021; 15:3-10. [PMID: 34667127 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-21-0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Current chemopreventive strategies require 3-5 years of continuous treatment and have the concerns of significant side effects; therefore, new chemopreventive agents that require shorter and safer treatments are urgently needed. In this study, we developed a new murine model of breast cancer that mimics human breast cancer initiation and is ideal for testing the efficacy of chemopreventive therapeutics. In this model, introduction of lentivirus carrying a PIK3CA gene mutant commonly found in breast cancers infects a small number of the mammary cells, leading to atypia first and then to ductal carcinomas that are positive for both estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor. Venetoclax is a BH3 mimetic that blocks the anti-apoptotic protein BCL-2 and has efficacy in treating breast cancer. We found that venetoclax treatment of atypia-bearing mice delayed the progression to tumors, improved overall survival, and reduced pulmonary metastasis. Therefore, prophylactic treatment to inhibit the pro-survival protein BCL-2 may provide an alternative to the currently available regimens in breast cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelaide Young
- Lester & Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Wen Bu
- Lester & Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Weiyu Jiang
- Lester & Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Amy Ku
- Lester & Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Jyoti Kapali
- Lester & Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Sagar Dhamne
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Lan Qin
- Lester & Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Susan G Hilsenbeck
- Lester & Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Yi-Chieh Nancy Du
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Yi Li
- Lester & Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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21
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Saleh T, El-Sadoni M, Alhesa A, Awad H, Jaradat M, Al-Hazaimeh M, Dawoud R, Mryyian A, Azab B. Expression of Senescence and Apoptosis Biomarkers in Synchronous Bilateral Breast Cancer: A Case Report. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 28:3836-3845. [PMID: 34677245 PMCID: PMC8535022 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol28050327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Background: Synchronous bilateral breast cancer (SBBC) provides a special condition where two independent breast tumors are exposed to cancer pharmacotherapy within a uniform pharmacokinetic milieu. Both senescence and apoptosis are established responses to therapy; however, they have potentially variable contributions to the overall outcome of treatment, which are yet to be determined. Methods: In this report, we describe the clinicopathological picture of two SBBC cases that received standard anticancer treatment and assess their expression profile of several molecular hallmarks of senescence and apoptosis. Results: Our analysis identified that synchronous tumors have variable expression profiles of both senescence- and apoptosis-associated biomarkers, despite comparable pathological responses to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and current survival rates. Conclusions: Our results highlight the variable expression of senescence- and apoptosis-associated markers in breast tumors (despite the shared somatic genetic background) and invites a large-scale assessment of both senescence and apoptosis in breast cancer tissue in vivo and their contribution to the pathological response and overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tareq Saleh
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan; (R.D.); (A.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +962-53903333 (ext. 5574)
| | - Mohammed El-Sadoni
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan; (M.E.-S.); (A.A.); (H.A.); (B.A.)
| | - Ahmad Alhesa
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan; (M.E.-S.); (A.A.); (H.A.); (B.A.)
| | - Heyam Awad
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan; (M.E.-S.); (A.A.); (H.A.); (B.A.)
| | - Mahmoud Jaradat
- Department of General Surgery, Jordanian Royal Medical Services, Amman 11942, Jordan; (M.J.); (M.A.-H.)
| | - Mohammad Al-Hazaimeh
- Department of General Surgery, Jordanian Royal Medical Services, Amman 11942, Jordan; (M.J.); (M.A.-H.)
| | - Rand Dawoud
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan; (R.D.); (A.M.)
| | - Amel Mryyian
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan; (R.D.); (A.M.)
| | - Bilal Azab
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan; (M.E.-S.); (A.A.); (H.A.); (B.A.)
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
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22
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Evasion of cell death: A contributory factor in prostate cancer development and treatment resistance. Cancer Lett 2021; 520:213-221. [PMID: 34343635 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cell death is a natural process in organismal development, homeostasis and response to disease or infection that eliminates unnecessary or potentially dangerous cells and acts as an innate barrier to oncogenesis. Inactivation of cell death is a key step in tumour development and also impedes effective response to cancer therapy. Precise execution of unwanted cells is achieved through regulated cell death processes including the intrinsic apoptotic pathway that is governed by the BCL-2 (B-cell lymphoma 2) protein family. There is compelling evidence that intrinsic apoptosis is defective in prostate cancer, particularly in metastatic and castration resistant advanced disease, currently a lethal diagnosis. New therapeutics have been developed to target pro-survival BCL-2 proteins (including BCL-2, BCL-XL and MCL-1) and show promise in reinstating apoptosis to destroy tumour cells in haematological cancers. Here we discuss perturbation of cell death in prostate cancer and how new therapeutics could improve treatment outcome in prostate cancer.
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23
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Alcon C, Zañudo JGT, Albert R, Wagle N, Scaltriti M, Letai A, Samitier J, Montero J. ER+ Breast Cancer Strongly Depends on MCL-1 and BCL-xL Anti-Apoptotic Proteins. Cells 2021; 10:1659. [PMID: 34359829 PMCID: PMC8304651 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most frequent type of cancer and the major cause of mortality in women. The rapid development of various therapeutic options has led to the improvement of treatment outcomes; nevertheless, one-third of estrogen receptor (ER)-positive patients relapse due to cancer cell acquired resistance. Here, we use dynamic BH3 profiling (DBP), a functional predictive assay that measures net changes in apoptotic priming, to find new effective treatments for ER+ breast cancer. We observed anti-apoptotic adaptations upon treatment that pointed to metronomic therapeutic combinations to enhance cytotoxicity and avoid resistance. Indeed, we found that the anti-apoptotic proteins BCL-xL and MCL-1 are crucial for ER+ breast cancer cells resistance to therapy, as they exert a dual inhibition of the pro-apoptotic protein BIM and compensate for each other. In addition, we identified the AKT inhibitor ipatasertib and two BH3 mimetics targeting these anti-apoptotic proteins, S63845 and A-1331852, as new potential therapies for this type of cancer. Therefore, we postulate the sequential inhibition of both proteins using BH3 mimetics as a new treatment option for refractory and relapsed ER+ breast cancer tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Alcon
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (C.A.); (J.S.)
| | | | - Reka Albert
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802-6300, USA;
| | - Nikhil Wagle
- Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; (J.G.T.Z.); (N.W.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Maurizio Scaltriti
- Human Oncology & Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Anthony Letai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Josep Samitier
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (C.A.); (J.S.)
- Department of Electronics and Biomedical Engineering, University of Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Networking Biomedical Research Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Joan Montero
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (C.A.); (J.S.)
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24
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Niklaus NJ, Tokarchuk I, Zbinden M, Schläfli AM, Maycotte P, Tschan MP. The Multifaceted Functions of Autophagy in Breast Cancer Development and Treatment. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061447. [PMID: 34207792 PMCID: PMC8229352 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy (herein referred to as autophagy) is a complex catabolic process characterized by the formation of double-membrane vesicles called autophagosomes. During this process, autophagosomes engulf and deliver their intracellular content to lysosomes, where they are degraded by hydrolytic enzymes. Thereby, autophagy provides energy and building blocks to maintain cellular homeostasis and represents a dynamic recycling mechanism. Importantly, the clearance of damaged organelles and aggregated molecules by autophagy in normal cells contributes to cancer prevention. Therefore, the dysfunction of autophagy has a major impact on the cell fate and can contribute to tumorigenesis. Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women and has the highest mortality rate among all cancers in women worldwide. Breast cancer patients often have a good short-term prognosis, but long-term survivors often experience aggressive recurrence. This phenomenon might be explained by the high heterogeneity of breast cancer tumors rendering mammary tumors difficult to target. This review focuses on the mechanisms of autophagy during breast carcinogenesis and sheds light on the role of autophagy in the traits of aggressive breast cancer cells such as migration, invasion, and therapeutic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas J. Niklaus
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland; (N.J.N.); (I.T.); (M.Z.); (A.M.S.)
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Igor Tokarchuk
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland; (N.J.N.); (I.T.); (M.Z.); (A.M.S.)
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mara Zbinden
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland; (N.J.N.); (I.T.); (M.Z.); (A.M.S.)
| | - Anna M. Schläfli
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland; (N.J.N.); (I.T.); (M.Z.); (A.M.S.)
| | - Paola Maycotte
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente (CIBIOR), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Puebla 74360, Mexico;
| | - Mario P. Tschan
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland; (N.J.N.); (I.T.); (M.Z.); (A.M.S.)
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-31-632-87-80
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25
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Khan P, Ebenezer NS, Siddiqui JA, Maurya SK, Lakshmanan I, Salgia R, Batra SK, Nasser MW. MicroRNA-1: Diverse role of a small player in multiple cancers. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 124:114-126. [PMID: 34034986 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The process of cancer initiation and development is a dynamic and complex mechanism involving multiple genetic and non-genetic variations. With the development of high throughput techniques like next-generation sequencing, the field of cancer biology extended beyond the protein-coding genes. It brought the functional role of noncoding RNAs into cancer-associated pathways. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are one such class of noncoding RNAs regulating different cancer development aspects, including progression and metastasis. MicroRNA-1 (miR-1) is a highly conserved miRNA with a functional role in developing skeletal muscle precursor cells and cardiomyocytes and acts as a consistent tumor suppressor gene. In humans, two discrete genes, MIR-1-1 located on 20q13.333 and MIR-1-2 located on 18q11.2 loci encode for a single mature miR-1. Downregulation of miR-1 has been demonstrated in multiple cancers, including lung, breast, liver, prostate, colorectal, pancreatic, medulloblastoma, and gastric cancer. A vast number of studies have shown that miR-1 affects the hallmarks of cancer like proliferation, invasion and metastasis, apoptosis, angiogenesis, chemosensitization, and immune modulation. The potential therapeutic applications of miR-1 in multiple cancer pathways provide a novel platform for developing anticancer therapies. This review focuses on the different antitumorigenic and therapeutic aspects of miR-1, including how it regulates tumor development and associated immunomodulatory functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvez Khan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Nivetha Sarah Ebenezer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Jawed Akhtar Siddiqui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Shailendra Kumar Maurya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Imayavaramban Lakshmanan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Ravi Salgia
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Surinder Kumar Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Mohd Wasim Nasser
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
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26
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Na D, Moon HG. Patient-Derived Xenograft Models in Breast Cancer Research. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1187:283-301. [PMID: 33983584 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-32-9620-6_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model can be used as a platform to study the individual patient's sensitivity to targeted agents as well as its ability to guide our understanding in various aspects of tumor biology including the tumor's clonal evolution and interaction with microenvironment. In this chapter, we review the history of PDX models in various tumor types. Additionally, we highlight the key studies that suggested potential value of PDX models in cancer treatment. Specifically, we will briefly introduce several studies on the issue of PDX models for precision medicine. In latter part of this chapter, we focus on the studies that used PDX models to investigate the molecular biology of breast cancer that underlies the process of drug resistance and tumor metastasis. Also, we will address our own experience in developing PDX models using breast cancer tissues from Korean breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deukchae Na
- Institute of Convergence Medicine, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyeong-Gon Moon
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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27
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Li C, Li X. Advances in Therapy for Hormone Receptor (HR)-Positive, Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2)-Negative Advanced Breast Cancer Patients Who Have Experienced Progression After Treatment with CDK4/6 Inhibitors. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 14:2929-2939. [PMID: 33976551 PMCID: PMC8104980 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s298720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 70% of breast cancer (BC) cases are hormone receptor-positive (HR+) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2-) BC. Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors have acted as star drugs for reversing endocrine therapy (ET) resistance and improving the prognosis of patients with HR+ advanced breast cancer (ABC) since they were initially approved. However, progression eventually occurs. In this review, we summarize the recent treatment strategies post CDK4/6 inhibitors: 1) CDK4/6 inhibitors plus exemestane and everolimus; 2) phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor alpelisib plus fulvestrant for patients with PIK3CA mutation; 3) poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor for patients with germline PALB2 mutations, somatic BRCA1/2 mutations, or germline BRCA1/2 mutations; 4) exemestane and everolimus; and (5) chemotherapy. These strategies are all supported by evidence from clinical trials and retrospective studies. We also describe potential future treatment strategies post CDK4/6 inhibitors, such as the trophoblast cell surface antigen 2 (Trop-2) directed antibody–drug conjugate, cyclin-dependent kinase 7 (CDK7) inhibitors, and B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2) inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315000, People's Republic of China.,Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xujun Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315000, People's Republic of China.,Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315000, People's Republic of China
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28
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BCL(X)L and BCL2 increase the metabolic fitness of breast cancer cells: a single-cell imaging study. Cell Death Differ 2021; 28:1512-1531. [PMID: 33328572 PMCID: PMC8166899 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-020-00683-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The BCL2 family of proteins regulate apoptosis by controlling mitochondrial outer membrane permeability. However, the effects on mitochondrial structure and bioenergetics have also been reported. Here we comprehensively characterized the effects of BCL2 and BCL(X)L on cellular energetics in MCF7 breast cancer cells using time-lapse confocal single-cell imaging and mitochondrial and cytosolic FRET reporters. We found that BCL2 and BCL(X)L increase the metabolic robustness of MCF7 cells, and that this was associated with increased mitochondrial NAD(P)H and ATP levels. Experiments with the F1F0 synthase inhibitor oligomycin demonstrated that BCL2 and in particular BCL(X)L, while not affecting ATP synthase activity, more efficiently coupled the mitochondrial proton motive force with ATP production. This metabolic advantage was associated with an increased resistance to nutrient deprivation and enhanced clonogenic survival in response to metabolic stress, in the absence of profound effects on cell death. Our data suggest that a primary function of BCL(X)L and BCL2 overexpression in tumor cells is to increase their resistance to metabolic stress in the tumor microenvironment, independent of cell death signaling.
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29
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Grohmann C, Walker F, Devlin M, Luo MX, Chüeh AC, Doherty J, Vaillant F, Ho GY, Wakefield MJ, Weeden CE, Kamili A, Murray J, Po'uha ST, Weinstock J, Kane SR, Faux MC, Broekhuizen E, Zheng Y, Shield-Artin K, Kershaw NJ, Tan CW, Witchard HM, Ebert G, Charman SA, Street I, Kavallaris M, Haber M, Fletcher JI, Asselin-Labat ML, Scott CL, Visvader JE, Lindeman GJ, Watson KG, Burgess AW, Lessene G. Preclinical small molecule WEHI-7326 overcomes drug resistance and elicits response in patient-derived xenograft models of human treatment-refractory tumors. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:268. [PMID: 33712556 PMCID: PMC7955127 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03269-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Targeting cell division by chemotherapy is a highly effective strategy to treat a wide range of cancers. However, there are limitations of many standard-of-care chemotherapies: undesirable drug toxicity, side-effects, resistance and high cost. New small molecules which kill a wide range of cancer subtypes, with good therapeutic window in vivo, have the potential to complement the current arsenal of anti-cancer agents and deliver improved safety profiles for cancer patients. We describe results with a new anti-cancer small molecule, WEHI-7326, which causes cell cycle arrest in G2/M, cell death in vitro, and displays efficacious anti-tumor activity in vivo. WEHI-7326 induces cell death in a broad range of cancer cell lines, including taxane-resistant cells, and inhibits growth of human colon, brain, lung, prostate and breast tumors in mice xenografts. Importantly, the compound elicits tumor responses as a single agent in patient-derived xenografts of clinically aggressive, treatment-refractory neuroblastoma, breast, lung and ovarian cancer. In combination with standard-of-care, WEHI-7326 induces a remarkable complete response in a mouse model of high-risk neuroblastoma. WEHI-7326 is mechanistically distinct from known microtubule-targeting agents and blocks cells early in mitosis to inhibit cell division, ultimately leading to apoptotic cell death. The compound is simple to produce and possesses favorable pharmacokinetic and toxicity profiles in rodents. It represents a novel class of anti-cancer therapeutics with excellent potential for further development due to the ease of synthesis, simple formulation, moderate side effects and potent in vivo activity. WEHI-7326 has the potential to complement current frontline anti-cancer drugs and to overcome drug resistance in a wide range of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Grohmann
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
- The University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia.
| | - Francesca Walker
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Mark Devlin
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre building, Melbourne, 3000, Australia
- Cancer Therapeutics CRC, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Meng-Xiao Luo
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - Anderly C Chüeh
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
- Cancer Therapeutics CRC, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Judy Doherty
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre building, Melbourne, 3000, Australia
- Cancer Therapeutics CRC, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - François Vaillant
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - Gwo-Yaw Ho
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - Matthew J Wakefield
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - Clare E Weeden
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - Alvin Kamili
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Jayne Murray
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Sela T Po'uha
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Janet Weinstock
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Serena R Kane
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - Maree C Faux
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - Esmee Broekhuizen
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - Ye Zheng
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - Kristy Shield-Artin
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - Nadia J Kershaw
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Chin Wee Tan
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - Helen M Witchard
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Gregor Ebert
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - Susan A Charman
- Centre for Drug Candidate Optimisation, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Ian Street
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Cancer Therapeutics CRC, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Maria Kavallaris
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bionano Science and Technology, Australian Centre for Nanomedicine, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Michelle Haber
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Jamie I Fletcher
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Marie-Liesse Asselin-Labat
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - Clare L Scott
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre building, Melbourne, 3000, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - Jane E Visvader
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - Geoffrey J Lindeman
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre building, Melbourne, 3000, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine, Parkville, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Keith G Watson
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - Antony W Burgess
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
- The University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia.
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.
| | - Guillaume Lessene
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
- The University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia.
- The University of Melbourne, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Parkville, VIC, 3050, Australia.
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Haasler L, Kondadi AK, Tsigaras T, von Montfort C, Graf P, Stahl W, Brenneisen P. The BH3 mimetic (±) gossypol induces ROS-independent apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction in human A375 melanoma cells in vitro. Arch Toxicol 2021; 95:1349-1365. [PMID: 33523262 PMCID: PMC8032633 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-02987-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A major challenge in current cancer therapy is still the treatment of metastatic melanomas of the skin. BH3 mimetics represent a novel group of substances inducing apoptosis. In this study, we investigated the cytotoxic effect of (±) gossypol (GP), a natural compound from cotton seed, on A375 melanoma cells and the underlying biochemical mechanisms. To prevent undesired side effects due to toxicity on normal (healthy) cells, concentrations only toxic for tumor cells have been elaborated. Viability assays were performed to determine the cytotoxicity of GP in A375 melanoma and normal (healthy) cells. For the majority of experiments, a concentration of 2.5 µM GP was used resulting in a ROS-independent but caspase-dependent cell death of A375 melanoma cells. At this level, GP was non-toxic for normal human epidermal melanocytes. GP has a very short half-life, however, it was demonstrated that only the “parent” compound and not decomposition products are responsible for the cytotoxic effect in A375 melanoma cells. GP significantly decreased mitochondrial membrane potential accompanied by a Drp1-dependent loss of mitochondrial integrity (fragmentation) in tumor cells. Taken together, GP induced a ROS-independent intrinsic apoptosis leading to the conclusion that within a specific concentration range, GP may work as effective anticancer drug without harmful side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Haasler
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Arun Kumar Kondadi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thanos Tsigaras
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Claudia von Montfort
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Peter Graf
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Stahl
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Peter Brenneisen
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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31
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Anticancer Activity of the Acetylenic Derivative of Betulin Phosphate Involves Induction of Necrotic-Like Death in Breast Cancer Cells In Vitro. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26030615. [PMID: 33503929 PMCID: PMC7865664 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26030615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Betulin (BT) is a natural pentacyclic lupane-type triterpene exhibiting anticancer activity. Betulin derivatives bearing propynoyloxy and phosphate groups were prepared in an effort to improve the availability and efficacy of the drug. In this study, a comparative assessment of the in vitro anticancer activity of betulin and its four derivatives was carried out using two human breast cancer cell lines: SK-BR-3 and MCF-7. In both studied cell lines, 30-diethoxyphosphoryl-28-propynoylbetulin (compound 4) turned out to be the most powerful inhibitor of growth and inducer of cellular death. Detailed examination of that derivative pertained to the mechanisms underlying its anticancer action. Treatment with compound 4 decreased DNA synthesis and up-regulated p21WAF1/Cip1 mRNA and protein levels in both cell lines. On the other hand, that derivative caused a significant increase in cell death, as evidenced by increased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and ethidium homodimer uptake. Shortly after the compound addition, an increased generation of reactive oxygen species and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential were detected. The activation of caspase-3 and fragmentation of genomic DNA suggested an apoptotic type of cell death. However, analysis of cellular morphology did not reveal any nuclear features typical of apoptosis. Despite necrosis-like morphology, dead cells exhibited activation of the cascade of caspases. These observations have led to the conclusion that compound 4 pushed cells to undergo a form of necrotic-like regulated cell demise.
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32
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Arulananda S, Lee EF, Fairlie WD, John T. The role of BCL-2 family proteins and therapeutic potential of BH3-mimetics in malignant pleural mesothelioma. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2020; 21:413-424. [PMID: 33238762 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2021.1856660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: With limited recent therapeutic changes, malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is associated with poor survival and death within 12 months, making it one of the most lethal malignancies. Due to unregulated asbestos use in developing countries and home renovation exposures, cases of MPM are likely to present for decades. As MPM is largely driven by dysregulation of tumor suppressor genes, researchers have examined other mechanisms of subverting tumor proliferation and spread. Over-expression of pro-survival BCL-2 family proteins impairs cells from undergoing apoptosis, and BH3-mimetics targeting them are a novel treatment option across various cancers, though have not been widely investigated in MPM.Areas covered: This review provides an overview of MPM and its current treatment landscape. It summarizes the role of BCL-2 family proteins in tumorigenesis and the therapeutic potential of BH3-mimetics . Finally, it discusses the role of BCL-2 proteins in MPM and the pre-clinical rationale for investigating BH3-mimetics as a therapeutic strategy.Expert opinion: As a disease without readily actionable oncogene driver mutations and with modest benefit from immune checkpoint inhibition, novel therapeutic options are urgently needed for MPM. Hence, BH3-mimetics provide a promising treatment option, with evidence supporting dependence on pro-survival BCL-2 proteins for MPM cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surein Arulananda
- Department of Medical Oncology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Australia.,Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Australia.,School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, Australia
| | - Erinna F Lee
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Australia.,School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia
| | - W Douglas Fairlie
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Australia.,School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thomas John
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Australia.,School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, Australia.,Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
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33
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Mohamad Anuar NN, Nor Hisam NS, Liew SL, Ugusman A. Clinical Review: Navitoclax as a Pro-Apoptotic and Anti-Fibrotic Agent. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:564108. [PMID: 33381025 PMCID: PMC7768911 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.564108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) family proteins primarily work as a programmed cell death regulator, whereby multiple interactions between them determine cell survival. This explains the two major classes of BCL-2 proteins which are anti-apoptotic and pro-apoptotic proteins. The anti-apoptotic proteins are attractive targets for BCL-2 family inhibitors, which result in the augmentation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. BCL-2 family inhibitors have been studied extensively for novel targeted therapies in various cancer types, fibrotic diseases, aging-related as well as autoimmune diseases. Navitoclax is one of them and it has been discovered to have a high affinity toward BCL-2 anti-apoptotic proteins, including BCL-2, BCL-W and B-cell lymphoma-extra-large. Navitoclax has been demonstrated as a single agent or in combination with other drugs to successfully ameliorate tumor progression and fibrosis development. To date, navitoclax has entered phase I and phase II clinical studies. Navitoclax alone potently treats small cell lung cancer and acute lymphocytic leukemia, whilst in combination therapy for solid tumors, it enhances the therapeutic effect of other chemotherapeutic agents. A low platelet count has always associated with single navitoclax treatments, though this effect is tolerable. Moreover, the efficacy of navitoclax is determined by the expression of several BCL-2 family members. Here, we elucidate the complex mechanisms of navitoclax as a pro-apoptotic agent, and review the early and current clinical studies of navitoclax alone as well as with other drugs. Additionally, some suggestions on the development of navitoclax clinical studies are presented in the future prospects section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Najmi Mohamad Anuar
- Programme of Biomedical Science, Centre for Toxicology & Health Risk Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nur Syahidah Nor Hisam
- Programme of Biomedical Science, Centre for Toxicology & Health Risk Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sze Ling Liew
- Programme of Biomedical Science, Centre for Toxicology & Health Risk Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Azizah Ugusman
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Cheras, Malaysia
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RAB25 confers resistance to chemotherapy by altering mitochondrial apoptosis signaling in ovarian cancer cells. Apoptosis 2020; 25:799-816. [PMID: 32901335 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-020-01635-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer remains one of the most frequent causes of cancer-related death in women. Many patients with ovarian cancer suffer from de novo or acquired resistance to chemotherapy. Here, we report that RAB25 suppresses chemotherapy-induced mitochondrial apoptosis signaling in ovarian cancer cell lines and primary ovarian cancer cells. RAB25 blocks chemotherapy-induced apoptosis upstream of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization by either increasing antiapoptotic BCL-2 proteins or decreasing proapoptotic BCL-2 proteins. In particular, BAX expression negatively correlates with RAB25 expression in ovarian cancer cells. BH3 profiling assays corroborated that RAB25 decreases mitochondrial cell death priming. Suppressing RAB25 by means of RNAi or RFP14 inhibitory hydrocarbon-stapled peptide sensitizes ovarian cancer cells to chemotherapy as well as RAB25-mediated proliferation, invasion and migration. Our data suggest that RAB25 is a potential therapeutic target for ovarian cancer.
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35
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Verma P, Mittal P, Singh A, Singh IK. New Entrants into Clinical Trials for Targeted Therapy of Breast Cancer: An Insight. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2020; 19:2156-2176. [PMID: 31656157 DOI: 10.2174/1871520619666191018172926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is too complex with various different molecular alterations involved in its pathogenesis and progression. Over the decade, we have seen a surge in the development of drugs for bimolecular targets and for the signal transduction pathways involved in the treatment line of breast cancer. These drugs, either alone or in combination with conventional treatments like chemotherapy, hormone therapy and radiotherapy, will help oncologists to get a better insight and do the needful treatment. These novel therapies bring various challenges along with them, which include the dosage selection, patient selection, schedule of treatment and weighing of clinical benefits over side effects. In this review, we highlight the recently studied target molecules that have received indications in breast carcinoma, both in the localized and in an advanced state and about their inhibitors which are in clinical development which can give the immense potential to clinical care in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Verma
- Molecular Biology Research Lab, Department of Zoology, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, Kalkaji, New Delhi, 110019, India
| | - Pooja Mittal
- Molecular Biology Research Lab, Department of Zoology, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, Kalkaji, New Delhi, 110019, India
| | - Archana Singh
- Department of Botany, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110007, India.,Department of Molecular Ecology, Max-Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, D-07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Indrakant K Singh
- Molecular Biology Research Lab, Department of Zoology, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, Kalkaji, New Delhi, 110019, India.,Department of Molecular Ecology, Max-Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, D-07745 Jena, Germany
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36
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Ji Y, Liu X, Li J, Xie X, Huang M, Jiang J, Liao YP, Donahue T, Meng H. Use of ratiometrically designed nanocarrier targeting CDK4/6 and autophagy pathways for effective pancreatic cancer treatment. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4249. [PMID: 32843618 PMCID: PMC7447818 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17996-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant cell cycle machinery and loss of the CDKN2A tumor suppressor locus make CDK4/6 a potential target in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). However, a vast majority of PDAC cases do not harbor a durable response to monotherapy of CDK4/6 inhibitor. Utilizing remote loading to co-encapsulate CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib (PAL) and an autophagy inhibitor hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), we demonstrate a ratiometrically designed mesoporous silica nanoformulation with synergistic efficacy in subcutaneous and orthotopic PDAC mouse models. The synergism is attributed to the effective intratumoral buildup of PAL/HCQ, which otherwise exhibit distinctly different circulatory and biodistribution profile. PAL/HCQ co-delivery nanoparticles lead to the most effective shrinkage of PDAC compared to various controls, including free drug mixture. Immunohistochemistry reveals that PAL/HCQ co-delivery nanoparticles trigger anti-apoptotic pathway after repetitive intravenous administrations in mice. When combined with a Bcl inhibitor, the performance of co-delivery nanoparticles is further improved, leading to a long-lasting anti-PDAC effect in vivo. Aberrant cell cycle machinery and loss of the CDKN2A tumor suppressor locus make CDK4/6 a potential target in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Here, the authors use ratiometrically designed nanoparticles to codeliver the CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib and the autophagy inhibitor hydroxychloroquine, and show their synergistic therapeutic effects in mouse model of PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ji
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hunghom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiangsheng Liu
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Juan Li
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,Key Laboratory of Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterial & Nanosafety, Chinese Academy of Science, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodong Xie
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Max Huang
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jinhong Jiang
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Yu-Pei Liao
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Timothy Donahue
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Huan Meng
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA. .,California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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37
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Portman N, Milioli HH, Alexandrou S, Coulson R, Yong A, Fernandez KJ, Chia KM, Halilovic E, Segara D, Parker A, Haupt S, Haupt Y, Tilley WD, Swarbrick A, Caldon CE, Lim E. MDM2 inhibition in combination with endocrine therapy and CDK4/6 inhibition for the treatment of ER-positive breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2020; 22:87. [PMID: 32787886 PMCID: PMC7425060 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-020-01318-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Resistance to endocrine therapy is a major clinical challenge in the management of oestrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer. In this setting, p53 is frequently wildtype and its activity may be suppressed via upregulation of its key regulator MDM2. This underlies our rationale to evaluate MDM2 inhibition as a therapeutic strategy in treatment-resistant ER-positive breast cancer. Methods We used the MDM2 inhibitor NVP-CGM097 to treat in vitro and in vivo models alone and in combination with fulvestrant or palbociclib. We perform cell viability, cell cycle, apoptosis and senescence assays to evaluate anti-tumour effects in p53 wildtype and p53 mutant ER-positive cell lines (MCF-7, ZR75-1, T-47D) and MCF-7 lines resistant to endocrine therapy and to CDK4/6 inhibition. We further assess the drug effects in patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of endocrine-sensitive and endocrine-resistant ER-positive breast cancer. Results We demonstrate that MDM2 inhibition results in cell cycle arrest and increased apoptosis in p53-wildtype in vitro and in vivo breast cancer models, leading to potent anti-tumour activity. We find that endocrine therapy or CDK4/6 inhibition synergises with MDM2 inhibition but does not further enhance apoptosis. Instead, combination treatments result in profound regulation of cell cycle-related transcriptional programmes, with synergy achieved through increased antagonism of cell cycle progression. Combination therapy pushes cell lines resistant to fulvestrant or palbociclib to become senescent and significantly reduces tumour growth in a fulvestrant-resistant patient-derived xenograft model. Conclusions We conclude that MDM2 inhibitors in combination with ER degraders or CDK4/6 inhibitors represent a rational strategy for treating advanced, endocrine-resistant ER-positive breast cancer, operating through synergistic activation of cell cycle co-regulatory programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Portman
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Heloisa H Milioli
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Sarah Alexandrou
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Rhiannon Coulson
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia.,Tumor Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Aliza Yong
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Kristine J Fernandez
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Kee Ming Chia
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Ensar Halilovic
- Novartis Institutes of Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Davendra Segara
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Andrew Parker
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Sue Haupt
- Tumor Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Ygal Haupt
- Tumor Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Wayne D Tilley
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - Alex Swarbrick
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - C Elizabeth Caldon
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Elgene Lim
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia. .,St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia.
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Barillé-Nion S, Lohard S, Juin PP. Targeting of BCL-2 Family Members during Anticancer Treatment: A Necessary Compromise between Individual Cell and Ecosystemic Responses? Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1109. [PMID: 32722518 PMCID: PMC7464802 DOI: 10.3390/biom10081109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The imbalance between BCL-2 homologues and pro-death counterparts frequently noted in cancer cells endows them with a cell autonomous survival advantage. To eradicate ectopic cells, inhibitors of these homologues (BH3 mimetics) were developed to trigger, during anticancer treatment, full activation of the canonical mitochondrial apoptotic pathway and related caspases. Despite efficiency in some clinical settings, these compounds do not completely fulfill their initial promise. We herein put forth that a growing body of evidence indicates that mitochondrial integrity, controlled by BCL-2 family proteins, and downstream caspases regulate other cell death modes and influence extracellular signaling by committed cells. Moreover, intercellular communications play a key role in spreading therapeutic response across cancer cell populations and in engaging an immune response. We thus advocate that BH3 mimetics administration would be more efficient in the long term if it did not induce apoptosis in all sensitive cells at the same time, but if it could instead allow (or trigger) death signal production by non-terminally committed dying cell populations. The development of such a trade-off strategy requires to unravel the effects of BH3 mimetics not only on each individual cancer cell but also on homotypic and heterotypic cell interactions in dynamic tumor ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Barillé-Nion
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie et Immunologie Nantes Angers (CRCINA), INSERMU1232, Université de Nantes, F-44000 Nantes, France; (S.B.-N.); (S.L.)
- SIRIC ILIAD, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Steven Lohard
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie et Immunologie Nantes Angers (CRCINA), INSERMU1232, Université de Nantes, F-44000 Nantes, France; (S.B.-N.); (S.L.)
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Philippe P. Juin
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie et Immunologie Nantes Angers (CRCINA), INSERMU1232, Université de Nantes, F-44000 Nantes, France; (S.B.-N.); (S.L.)
- SIRIC ILIAD, 44000 Nantes, France
- Institut de Cancérologie de l’Ouest, 15 Rue André Boquel, 49055 Angers, France
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Jiang Y, Fan L. Evaluation of anticancer activities of Poria cocos ethanol extract in breast cancer: In vivo and in vitro, identification and mechanism. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 257:112851. [PMID: 32283190 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Poria cocos Wolf (P. cocos), a well-known traditional East-Asian medicinal and edible fungus, is one of the most important components in Chinese medicine formulas like "Guizhi fuling wan" to treat hyperplasia of mammary glands and breast cancer. AIMING OF STUDY In this study, we attempted to verify the anticancer efficacy of the ethanol extract of P. cocos (PC) on the breast cancer as well as to investigate its most active compound and its underlying molecular mechanism in vivo and in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS The key anti-cancer components were separated and purified through chromatography and identified by spectral analyses. The in vivo anti-breast cancer efficacy and side effects of PC were evaluated in BALB/c nude mice that have been subcutaneously injected with breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231. Cytotoxicity, apoptosis and cell cycle arrest of PC were evaluated in vitro by cell viability assays and flow cytometry. The protein levels were examined via western blotting. RESULTS Pachymic acid (PA), separated and identified as the most active compound, induced the significant cytotoxicity on breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231(IC50 value, 2.13 ± 0.24 μg/mL) and was not active against the normal breast epithelium cells MCF-10A. The in vivo experiment revealed that PC could significantly inhibit the tumor development and the final mean tumor weight of the mice in the PC group (0.51 ± 0.12g) was significantly lower than that in the model group (1.22 ± 0.45g). Notably, compared to the first-line anticancer drug cisplatin, PC showed less side effects on the function of the vital organs and the muscle strength of the mice. Among in vitro study, PC significantly inhibited the cell growth of MDA-MB-231 by inducing cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrested at G0/G1 phase in a dose-dependent manner. The expression of cell cycle-associated cyclin D1, cyclin E, CDK2, and CDK4 were downregulated, while p53 and p21 expression were upregulated following the PA treatment. In addition, PA downregulated the apoptotic regulator Bcl-2, increased the expression of pro-apoptotic protein Bax, and promoted the release of cytochrome c and the activation of cleaved caspase-3, -9 and caspase -8 via mitochondria-mediated and death receptor-mediated signaling pathways. CONCLUSION This study verified the anticancer efficacy of PC on breast cancer in vivo and in vitro through induction of cell apoptosis and G0/G1 cell cycle arrest. The data also suggested that PA could be developed as an efficacious agent for breast cancer treatment with less side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jiang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Liuping Fan
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
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BH3 mimetics selectively eliminate chemotherapy-induced senescent cells and improve response in TP53 wild-type breast cancer. Cell Death Differ 2020; 27:3097-3116. [PMID: 32457483 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-020-0564-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
TP53 wild-type breast tumors rarely undergo a complete pathological response after chemotherapy treatment. These patients have an extremely poor survival rate and studies show these tumors preferentially undergo senescence instead of apoptosis. These senescent cells persist after chemotherapy and secrete cytokines and chemokines comprising the senescence associated secretory phenotype, which promotes survival, proliferation, and metastasis. We hypothesized that eliminating senescent tumor cells would improve chemotherapy response and extend survival. Previous studies have shown "senolytic" agents selectively kill senescent normal cells, but their efficacy in killing chemotherapy-induced senescent cancer cells is unknown. We show that ABT-263, a BH3 mimetic that targets antiapoptotic proteins BCL2/BCL-XL/BCL-W, had no effect on proliferating cells, but rapidly and selectively induced apoptosis in a subset of chemotherapy-treated cancer cells, though sensitivity required days to develop. Low NOXA expression conferred resistance to ABT-263 in some cells, necessitating additional MCL1 inhibition. Gene editing confirmed breast cancer cells relied on BCL-XL or BCL-XL/MCL1 for survival in senescence. In a mouse model of breast cancer, ABT-263 treatment following chemotherapy led to apoptosis, greater tumor regression, and longer survival. Our results reveal cancer cells that have survived chemotherapy by entering senescence can be eliminated using BH3 mimetic drugs that target BCL-XL or BCL-XL/MCL1. These drugs could help minimize residual disease and extend survival in breast cancer patients that otherwise have a poor prognosis and are most in need of improved therapies.
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41
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Targeting triple-negative breast cancers with the Smac-mimetic birinapant. Cell Death Differ 2020; 27:2768-2780. [PMID: 32341449 PMCID: PMC7492458 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-020-0541-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Smac mimetics target inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) proteins, thereby suppressing their function to facilitate tumor cell death. Here we have evaluated the efficacy of the preclinical Smac-mimetic compound A and the clinical lead birinapant on breast cancer cells. Both exhibited potent in vitro activity in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells, including those from patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models. Birinapant was further studied using in vivo PDX models of TNBC and estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer. Birinapant exhibited single agent activity in all TNBC PDX models and augmented response to docetaxel, the latter through induction of TNF. Transcriptomic analysis of TCGA datasets revealed that genes encoding mediators of Smac-mimetic-induced cell death were expressed at higher levels in TNBC compared with ER+ breast cancer, resulting in a molecular signature associated with responsiveness to Smac mimetics. In addition, the cell death complex was preferentially formed in TNBCs versus ER+ cells in response to Smac mimetics. Taken together, our findings provide a rationale for prospectively selecting patients whose breast tumors contain a competent death receptor signaling pathway for the further evaluation of birinapant in the clinic.
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42
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Whittle JR, Vaillant F, Surgenor E, Policheni AN, Giner G, Capaldo BD, Chen HR, Liu HK, Dekkers JF, Sachs N, Clevers H, Fellowes A, Green T, Xu H, Fox SB, Herold MJ, Smyth GK, Gray DHD, Visvader JE, Lindeman GJ. Dual Targeting of CDK4/6 and BCL2 Pathways Augments Tumor Response in Estrogen Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:4120-4134. [PMID: 32245900 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-1872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors significantly extend tumor response in patients with metastatic estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer, relapse is almost inevitable. This may, in part, reflect the failure of CDK4/6 inhibitors to induce apoptotic cell death. We therefore evaluated combination therapy with ABT-199 (venetoclax), a potent and selective BCL2 inhibitor. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN BCL2 family member expression was assessed following treatment with endocrine therapy and the CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib. Functional assays were used to determine the impact of adding ABT-199 to fulvestrant and palbociclib in ER+ breast cancer cell lines, patient-derived organoid (PDO), and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models. A syngeneic ER+ mouse mammary tumor model was used to study the effect of combination therapy on the immune system. RESULTS Triple therapy was well tolerated and produced a superior and more durable tumor response compared with single or doublet therapy. This was associated with marked apoptosis, including of senescent cells, indicative of senolysis. Unexpectedly, ABT-199 resulted in Rb dephosphorylation and reduced G1-S cyclins, most notably at high doses, thereby intensifying the fulvestrant/palbociclib-induced cell-cycle arrest. Interestingly, a CRISPR/Cas9 screen suggested that ABT-199 could mitigate loss of Rb (and potentially other mechanisms of acquired resistance) to palbociclib. ABT-199 did not abrogate the favorable immunomodulatory effects of palbociclib in a syngeneic ER+ mammary tumor model and extended tumor response when combined with anti-PD1 therapy. CONCLUSIONS This study illustrates the potential for targeting BCL2 in combination with CDK4/6 inhibitors and supports investigation of combination therapy in ER+ breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Whittle
- Cancer Biology and Stem Cells Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Oncology, The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - François Vaillant
- Cancer Biology and Stem Cells Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elliot Surgenor
- Cancer Biology and Stem Cells Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Antonia N Policheni
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Immunology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Göknur Giner
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Bioinformatics Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bianca D Capaldo
- Cancer Biology and Stem Cells Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Huei-Rong Chen
- Cancer Biology and Stem Cells Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - He K Liu
- Cancer Biology and Stem Cells Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Johanna F Dekkers
- Cancer Biology and Stem Cells Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Centre (UMC), Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Norman Sachs
- Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Centre (UMC), Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Hans Clevers
- Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Centre (UMC), Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew Fellowes
- Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thomas Green
- Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Huiling Xu
- Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephen B Fox
- Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marco J Herold
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Blood Cells and Blood Cancer Division, The Walter and Eliza Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gordon K Smyth
- Bioinformatics Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Daniel H D Gray
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Immunology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jane E Visvader
- Cancer Biology and Stem Cells Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Geoffrey J Lindeman
- Cancer Biology and Stem Cells Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. .,Department of Medical Oncology, The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Ngoi NYL, Choong C, Lee J, Bellot G, Wong ALA, Goh BC, Pervaiz S. Targeting Mitochondrial Apoptosis to Overcome Treatment Resistance in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E574. [PMID: 32131385 PMCID: PMC7139457 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12030574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Deregulated cellular apoptosis is a hallmark of cancer and chemotherapy resistance. The B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) protein family members are sentinel molecules that regulate the mitochondrial apoptosis machinery and arbitrate cell fate through a delicate balance between pro- and anti-apoptotic factors. The recognition of the anti-apoptotic BCL2 gene as an oncogenic driver in hematological malignancies has directed attention toward unraveling the biological significance of each of the BCL-2 superfamily members in cancer progression and garnered interest in the targeting of apoptosis in cancer therapy. Accordingly, the approval of venetoclax (ABT-199), a small molecule BCL-2 inhibitor, in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and acute myeloid leukemia has become the proverbial torchbearer for novel candidate drug approaches selectively targeting the BCL-2 superfamily. Despite the inspiring advances in this field, much remains to be learned regarding the optimal therapeutic context for BCL-2 targeting. Functional assays, such as through BH3 profiling, may facilitate prediction of treatment response, development of drug resistance and shed light on rational combinations of BCL-2 inhibitors with other branches of cancer therapy. This review summarizes the pathological roles of the BCL-2 family members in cancer, discusses the current landscape of their targeting in clinical practice, and highlights the potential for future therapeutic inroads in this important area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Yan Li Ngoi
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore; (N.Y.L.N.); (C.C.); (J.L.); (A.L.W.); (B.C.G.)
| | - Clarice Choong
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore; (N.Y.L.N.); (C.C.); (J.L.); (A.L.W.); (B.C.G.)
| | - Joanne Lee
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore; (N.Y.L.N.); (C.C.); (J.L.); (A.L.W.); (B.C.G.)
| | - Gregory Bellot
- Department of Hand & Reconstructive Microsurgery, University Orthopedic, Hand & Reconstructive Microsurgery Cluster, National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore;
| | - Andrea LA Wong
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore; (N.Y.L.N.); (C.C.); (J.L.); (A.L.W.); (B.C.G.)
- Cancer Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Boon Cher Goh
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore; (N.Y.L.N.); (C.C.); (J.L.); (A.L.W.); (B.C.G.)
- Cancer Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Shazib Pervaiz
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
- National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore
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44
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Lohard S, Bourgeois N, Maillet L, Gautier F, Fétiveau A, Lasla H, Nguyen F, Vuillier C, Dumont A, Moreau-Aubry A, Frapin M, David L, Loussouarn D, Kerdraon O, Campone M, Jézéquel P, Juin PP, Barillé-Nion S. STING-dependent paracriny shapes apoptotic priming of breast tumors in response to anti-mitotic treatment. Nat Commun 2020; 11:259. [PMID: 31937780 PMCID: PMC6959316 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13689-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A fascinating but uncharacterized action of antimitotic chemotherapy is to collectively prime cancer cells to apoptotic mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP), while impacting only on cycling cell subsets. Here, we show that a proapoptotic secretory phenotype is induced by activation of cGAS/STING in cancer cells that are hit by antimitotic treatment, accumulate micronuclei and maintain mitochondrial integrity despite intrinsic apoptotic pressure. Organotypic cultures of primary human breast tumors and patient-derived xenografts sensitive to paclitaxel exhibit gene expression signatures typical of type I IFN and TNFα exposure. These cytokines induced by cGAS/STING activation trigger NOXA expression in neighboring cells and render them acutely sensitive to BCL-xL inhibition. cGAS/STING-dependent apoptotic effects are required for paclitaxel response in vivo, and they are amplified by sequential, but not synchronous, administration of BH3 mimetics. Thus anti-mitotic agents propagate apoptotic priming across heterogeneously sensitive cancer cells through cytosolic DNA sensing pathway-dependent extracellular signals, exploitable by delayed MOMP targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Lohard
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- SIRIC ILIAD, Nantes, Angers, France
| | - Nathalie Bourgeois
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- SIRIC ILIAD, Nantes, Angers, France
- Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, 15 Rue André Boquel, 49055, Angers, Pays de la Loire, France
| | - Laurent Maillet
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- SIRIC ILIAD, Nantes, Angers, France
| | - Fabien Gautier
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- SIRIC ILIAD, Nantes, Angers, France
- Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, 15 Rue André Boquel, 49055, Angers, Pays de la Loire, France
| | - Aurélie Fétiveau
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- SIRIC ILIAD, Nantes, Angers, France
| | - Hamza Lasla
- SIRIC ILIAD, Nantes, Angers, France
- Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, 15 Rue André Boquel, 49055, Angers, Pays de la Loire, France
| | - Frédérique Nguyen
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- Oniris, site Chantrerie, CS40706, 44307, Cedex 3, Nantes, France
| | - Céline Vuillier
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- SIRIC ILIAD, Nantes, Angers, France
| | - Alison Dumont
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- SIRIC ILIAD, Nantes, Angers, France
| | - Agnès Moreau-Aubry
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Morgane Frapin
- UMR 1280 PhAN, Université de Nantes, INRA, Nantes, France
| | - Laurent David
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Inserm, CRTI, UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes, France
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Inserm, CNRS, SFR Santé, FED 4203, Inserm UMS 016, CNRS UMS 3556, Nantes, France
| | | | - Olivier Kerdraon
- SIRIC ILIAD, Nantes, Angers, France
- Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, 15 Rue André Boquel, 49055, Angers, Pays de la Loire, France
| | - Mario Campone
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- SIRIC ILIAD, Nantes, Angers, France
- Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, 15 Rue André Boquel, 49055, Angers, Pays de la Loire, France
| | - Pascal Jézéquel
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- SIRIC ILIAD, Nantes, Angers, France
- Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, 15 Rue André Boquel, 49055, Angers, Pays de la Loire, France
| | - Philippe P Juin
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.
- SIRIC ILIAD, Nantes, Angers, France.
- Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, 15 Rue André Boquel, 49055, Angers, Pays de la Loire, France.
| | - Sophie Barillé-Nion
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.
- SIRIC ILIAD, Nantes, Angers, France.
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45
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Boac BM, Abbasi F, Ismail-Khan R, Xiong Y, Siddique A, Park H, Han M, Saeed-Vafa D, Soliman H, Henry B, Pena MJ, McClung EC, Robertson SE, Todd SL, Lopez A, Sun W, Apuri S, Lancaster JM, Berglund AE, Magliocco AM, Marchion DC. Expression of the BAD pathway is a marker of triple-negative status and poor outcome. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17496. [PMID: 31767884 PMCID: PMC6877530 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53695-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has few therapeutic targets, making nonspecific chemotherapy the main treatment. Therapies enhancing cancer cell sensitivity to cytotoxic agents could significantly improve patient outcomes. A BCL2-associated agonist of cell death (BAD) pathway gene expression signature (BPGES) was derived using principal component analysis (PCA) and evaluated for associations with the TNBC phenotype and clinical outcomes. Immunohistochemistry was used to determine the relative expression levels of phospho-BAD isoforms in tumour samples. Cell survival assays evaluated the effects of BAD pathway inhibition on chemo-sensitivity. BPGES score was associated with TNBC status and overall survival (OS) in breast cancer samples of the Moffitt Total Cancer Care dataset and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). TNBC tumours were enriched for the expression of phospho-BAD isoforms. Further, the BPGES was associated with TNBC status in breast cancer cell lines of the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE). Targeted inhibition of kinases known to phosphorylate BAD protein resulted in increased sensitivity to platinum agents in TNBC cell lines compared to non-TNBC cell lines. The BAD pathway is associated with triple-negative status and OS. TNBC tumours were enriched for the expression of phosphorylated BAD protein compared to non-TNBC tumours. These findings suggest that the BAD pathway it is an important determinant of TNBC clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadette M Boac
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
- Chemical Biology and Molecular Medicine, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Forough Abbasi
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Roohi Ismail-Khan
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
- Department of Women's Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Yin Xiong
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
- Chemical Biology and Molecular Medicine, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Atif Siddique
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Hannah Park
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
- Chemical Biology and Molecular Medicine, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Mingda Han
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
- Chemical Biology and Molecular Medicine, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Daryoush Saeed-Vafa
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Hatem Soliman
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
- Department of Women's Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Brendon Henry
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - M Juliana Pena
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - E Clair McClung
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | | | - Sarah L Todd
- Department of Women's Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Alex Lopez
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Weihong Sun
- Department of Women's Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Susmitha Apuri
- Department of Women's Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | | | - Anders E Berglund
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | | | - Douglas C Marchion
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
- Chemical Biology and Molecular Medicine, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
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A CTC-Cluster-Specific Signature Derived from OMICS Analysis of Patient-Derived Xenograft Tumors Predicts Outcomes in Basal-Like Breast Cancer. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8111772. [PMID: 31652963 PMCID: PMC6912280 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8111772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cell clusters (CTCcl) have a higher metastatic potential compared to single CTCs and predict long-term outcomes in breast cancer (BC) patients. Because of the rarity of CTCcls, molecular characterization of primary tumors that give rise to CTCcl hold significant promise for better diagnosis and target discovery to combat metastatic BC. In our study, we utilized the reverse-phase protein array (RPPA) and transcriptomic (RNA-Seq) data of 10 triple-negative BC patient-derived xenograft (TNBC PDX) transplantable models with CTCs and evaluated expression of upregulated candidate protein Bcl2 (B-cell lymphoma 2) by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The sample-set consisted of six CTCcl-negative (CTCcl-) and four CTCcl-positive (CTCcl+) models. We analyzed the RPPA and transcriptomic profiles of CTCcl- and CTCcl+ TNBC PDX models. In addition, we derived a CTCcl-specific gene signature for testing if it predicted outcomes using a publicly available dataset from 360 patients with basal-like BC. The RPPA analysis of CTCcl+ vs. CTCcl- TNBC PDX tumors revealed elevated expression of Bcl2 (false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.0001, fold change (FC) = 3.5) and reduced acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase-1 (ACC1) (FDR = 0.0005, FC = 0.3) in CTCcl+ compared to CTCcl- tumors. Genome-wide transcriptomic analysis of CTCcl+ vs. CTCcl- tumors revealed 549 differentially expressed genes associated with the presence of CTCcls. Apoptosis was one of the significantly downregulated pathways (normalized enrichment score (NES) = -1.69; FDR < 0.05) in TNBC PDX tumors associated with CTCcl positivity. Two out of four CTCcl+ TNBC PDX primary tumors had high Bcl2 expression by IHC (H-score > 34); whereas, only one of six CTCcl- TNBC PDX primary tumors met this criterion. Evaluation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-specific signature did not show significant differences between CTCcl+ and CTCcl- tumors. However, a gene signature associated with the presence of CTCcls in TNBC PDX models was associated with worse relapse-free survival in the publicly available dataset from 360 patients with basal-like BC. In summary, we identified the multigene signature of primary PDX tumors associated with the presence of CTCcls. Evaluation of additional TNBC PDX models and patients can further illuminate cellular and molecular pathways facilitating CTCcl formation.
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Williams MM, Elion DL, Rahman B, Hicks DJ, Sanchez V, Cook RS. Therapeutic inhibition of Mcl-1 blocks cell survival in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancers. Oncotarget 2019; 10:5389-5402. [PMID: 31595181 PMCID: PMC6739218 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancers often overexpress anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins for cell death evasion, a recognized hallmark of cancer progression. While estrogen receptor (ER)-α+ breast cancers express high levels of three anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members (Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, and Mcl-1), pharmacological inhibition of Bcl-2 and/or Bcl-xL fails to induce cell death in ERα+ breast cancer cell lines, due to rapid and robust Mcl-1 upregulation. The mechanisms of acute Mcl-1 upregulation in response to Bcl-2/Bcl-xL inhibition remain undefined in in ERα+ breast cancers. We report here that blockade of Bcl-2 or Bcl-xL, alone or together, rapidly induced mTOR signaling in ERα+ breast cancer cells, rapidly increasing cap-dependent Mcl-1 translation. Cells treated with a pharmacological inhibitor of cap-dependent translation, or with the mTORC1 inhibitor RAD001/everolimus, displayed reduced protein levels of Mcl-1 under basal conditions, and failed to upregulate Mcl-1 protein expression following treatment with ABT-263, a pharmacological inhibitor of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL. Although treatment with ABT-263 alone did not sustain apoptosis in tumor cells in culture or in vivo, ABT-263 plus RAD001 increased apoptosis to a greater extent than either agent used alone. Similarly, combined use of the selective Mcl-1 inhibitor VU661013 with ABT-263 resulted in tumor cell apoptosis and diminished tumor growth in vivo. These findings suggest that rapid Mcl-1 translation drives ABT-263 resistance, but can be combated directly using emerging Mcl-1 inhibitors, or indirectly through existing and approved mTOR inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David L Elion
- Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Bushra Rahman
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Donna J Hicks
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Violeta Sanchez
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Rebecca S Cook
- Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville TN 37232, USA.,The Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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48
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Kushwaha PP, Vardhan PS, Kapewangolo P, Shuaib M, Prajapati SK, Singh AK, Kumar S. Bulbine frutescens phytochemical inhibits notch signaling pathway and induces apoptosis in triple negative and luminal breast cancer cells. Life Sci 2019; 234:116783. [PMID: 31442552 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BCa) is the most commonly diagnosed lethal cancer in women worldwide. Notch signaling pathway is directly linked to BCa recurrence and aggressiveness. Natural remedies are becoming a prime choice to overcome against cancer due to lesser side effect and cost-effectiveness. Bulbine frutescens (Asphodelaceae), a traditional medicinal plant in South Africa possess bioactive flavonoids and terpenoids. Polar (methanol) and non-polar (hexane) B. frutescens plant extracts were prepared. GC-MS analysis revealed the differential presence of secondary metabolites in both methanolic and hexane extracts. We hereby first time evaluated the anticancer potential of B. frutescens methanolic and hexane extract in triple-negative and luminal BCa cells. B. frutescens extracts significantly decreased cell viability (IC50 4.8-28.4 μg/ml) and induced cell cycle arrest at G1 phase in MDA-MB-231 and T47D cells as confirmed by spectrophotometry and flow cytometry technique. RT-PCR analysis of cell cycle (cyclin D1, CDK4, and p21) and apoptosis modulating genes (caspase 3, Bcl2 and survivin) revealed upexpression of p21, and caspase 3, and down expression of cyclin D1, CDK4, Bcl2 and survivin genes in extract-treated BCa cells. Fluorescence spectrophotometry and confocal microscopy showed B. frutescens induced nuclear morphology and mitochondrial integrity disruption, and increased reactive oxygen species production in MDA-MB-231 and T47D cells. Flow cytometric apoptosis analysis of B. frutescens extracts treated MDA-MB-231 cells showed ≈13% increase in early apoptotic population in comparison to non-treated cells. Dual-Luciferase Reporter assay confirmed notch promoter inhibitory activity of B. frutescens extracts. Moreover, RTPCR analysis showed down regulation of notch responsive genes (Hes1 and Hey1) at transcription levels in extract-treated BCa cells. Western Blot analysis showed increased procaspase 3 protein expression in extract-treated BCa cells. In all the assays methanolic extract showed better anti-cancer properties. Literature-based identification of methanol soluble phytochemicals in B. frutescens and in silico docking study revealed Bulbineloneside D as a potent ϒ-secretase enzyme inhibitor. In comparison to standard notch inhibitor, lead phytochemical showed two additional hydrophobic interactions with Ala80 and Leu81 amino acids. In conclusion, B. frutescens phytochemicals have cell cycle arrest, ROS production, apoptosis induction, and mitochondria membrane potential disruption efficacy in breast cancer cells. B. frutescens phytochemicals have the ability to downregulate the notch signaling pathway in triple-negative and luminal breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prem Prakash Kushwaha
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbial Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151001, Punjab, India
| | - Pothabathula Sheshu Vardhan
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbial Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151001, Punjab, India
| | - Petrina Kapewangolo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Namibia, P/Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Mohammad Shuaib
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbial Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151001, Punjab, India
| | - Sunita Kumari Prajapati
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbial Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151001, Punjab, India
| | - Atul Kumar Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbial Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151001, Punjab, India
| | - Shashank Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbial Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151001, Punjab, India.
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49
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Pilling AB, Hwang C. Targeting prosurvival BCL2 signaling through Akt blockade sensitizes castration-resistant prostate cancer cells to enzalutamide. Prostate 2019; 79:1347-1359. [PMID: 31228231 PMCID: PMC6617752 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer that recurs after initial treatment inevitably progresses to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), the lethal stage of the disease. Despite improvements in outcomes from next generation androgen receptor (AR)-axis inhibitors, CRPC remains incurable. Therapeutic strategies to target AR antagonist resistance are urgently needed to improve outcomes for men with this lethal form of prostate cancer. METHODS Apoptosis and BCL2 family signaling were characterized in cell line models of CRPC. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis were used to determine BCL2 expression levels. Drug sensitivity was determined by proliferation, survival and apoptosis analysis. Protein-protein interactions were evaluated by coimmunoprecipitation followed by Western blot detection. RESULTS In the present study, we identify antiapoptotic BCL2 protein signaling as a mechanism of resistance to AR antagonist enzalutamide. In CRPC cell line models, we found that BCL-xL and MCL-1 proteins block apoptosis through binding and sequestering proapoptotic proteins BIM and BAX, resulting in cell survival in response to enzalutamide. Treatment with BH3-mimetics targeting BCL-xL or MCL-1 disrupts these interactions and activates apoptosis, sensitizing CRPC cells to enzalutamide. Importantly, we demonstrate that PI3K/Akt signaling is activated in response to enzalutamide and mediates apoptosis evasion through inactivation of BAD, a BH3-only protein that activates proapoptotic signlaing through inhbition of BCL-xL. Inhibition of Akt activates BAD, resulting in increased apoptosis and sensitivity to enzalutamide, demonstrating an alternative therapeutic strategy to target drug resistance. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that CRPC cells employ multiple mechanisms to mediate apoptosis evasion through BCL2 signaling, suggesting this pathway is critical for survival. This study provides a strong preclinical rationale for developing therapeutic strategies to target antiapoptotic BCL2 signaling in combination with AR antagonists to improve treatment options for patients with advanced prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda B. Pilling
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Henry Ford Health SystemHenry Ford Cancer InstituteDetroitMichigan
| | - Clara Hwang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Henry Ford Health SystemHenry Ford Cancer InstituteDetroitMichigan
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50
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Zoeller JJ, Vagodny A, Taneja K, Tan BY, O'Brien N, Slamon DJ, Sampath D, Leverson JD, Bronson RT, Dillon DA, Brugge JS. Neutralization of BCL-2/X L Enhances the Cytotoxicity of T-DM1 In Vivo. Mol Cancer Ther 2019; 18:1115-1126. [PMID: 30962322 PMCID: PMC6758547 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-18-0743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
One of the most recent advances in the treatment of HER2+ breast cancer is the development of the antibody-drug conjugate, T-DM1. T-DM1 has proven clinical benefits for patients with advanced and/or metastatic breast cancer who have progressed on prior HER2-targeted therapies. However, T-DM1 resistance ultimately occurs and represents a major obstacle in the effective treatment of this disease. Because anti-apoptotic BCL-2 family proteins can affect the threshold for induction of apoptosis and thus limit the effectiveness of the chemotherapeutic payload, we examined whether inhibition of BCL-2/XL would enhance the efficacy of T-DM1 in five HER2-expressing patient-derived breast cancer xenograft models. Inhibition of BCL-2/XL via navitoclax/ABT-263 significantly enhanced the cytotoxicity of T-DM1 in two of three models derived from advanced and treatment-exposed metastatic breast tumors. No additive effects of combined treatment were observed in the third metastatic tumor model, which was highly sensitive to T-DM1, as well as a primary treatment-exposed tumor, which was refractory to T-DM1. A fifth model, derived from a treatment naïve primary breast tumor, was sensitive to T-DM1 but markedly benefited from combination treatment. Notably, both PDXs that were highly responsive to the combination therapy expressed low HER2 protein levels and lacked ERBB2 amplification, suggesting that BCL-2/XL inhibition can enhance sensitivity of tumors with low HER2 expression. Toxicities associated with combined treatments were significantly ameliorated with intermittent ABT-263 dosing. Taken together, these studies provide evidence that T-DM1 cytotoxicity could be significantly enhanced via BCL-2/XL blockade and support clinical investigation of this combination beyond ERBB2-amplified and/or HER2-overexpressed tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason J Zoeller
- Department of Cell Biology and Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Aleksandr Vagodny
- Department of Cell Biology and Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Krishan Taneja
- Department of Pathology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Benjamin Y Tan
- Department of Pathology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Neil O'Brien
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Dennis J Slamon
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Deepak Sampath
- Translational Oncology, Genentech, San Francisco, California
| | | | | | - Deborah A Dillon
- Department of Pathology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Joan S Brugge
- Department of Cell Biology and Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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