1
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Sharma S, Mujumdar PP. Baseflow significantly contributes to river floods in Peninsular India. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1251. [PMID: 38218731 PMCID: PMC10787776 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51850-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Extreme rainfall prior to a flood event is often a necessary condition for its occurrence; however, rainfall alone is not always an indicator of flood severity. Antecedent wetness condition of a catchment is another important factor which strongly influences the flood magnitudes. The key role of soil moisture in driving floods is widely recognized; however, antecedent conditions of deeper saturated zone may contribute to river floods. Here, we assess how closely the flood magnitudes are associated to extreme rainfall, soil moisture and baseflow in 70 catchments of Peninsular India for the period 1979-2018. Annual flood magnitudes have declined across most of the catchments. Effect of flow regulations is also assessed to understand the impact of human interventions on flood characteristics. Reservoir regulation has positive effect by reducing the flood peak and volume, whereas the duration of flood events has increased after the construction of dams. Baseflow exhibits similar patterns of trends as floods, whereas trends in rainfall and soil moisture extremes are weakly correlated with trends in flood magnitudes. Baseflow is found to be more strongly influencing the flood magnitudes than soil moisture at various time lags. Further analysis with event coincidence analysis confirms that baseflow has stronger triggering effect on river floods in Peninsular India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailza Sharma
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.
| | - P P Mujumdar
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Water Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
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2
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Antary N, Trauth MH, Marwan N. Interpolation and sampling effects on recurrence quantification measures. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2023; 33:103105. [PMID: 37782832 DOI: 10.1063/5.0167413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
The recurrence plot and the recurrence quantification analysis (RQA) are well-established methods for the analysis of data from complex systems. They provide important insights into the nature of the dynamics, periodicity, regime changes, and many more. These methods are used in different fields of research, such as finance, engineering, life, and earth science. To use them, the data have usually to be uniformly sampled, posing difficulties in investigations that provide non-uniformly sampled data, as typical in medical data (e.g., heart-beat based measurements), paleoclimate archives (such as sediment cores or stalagmites), or astrophysics (supernova or pulsar observations). One frequently used solution is interpolation to generate uniform time series. However, this preprocessing step can introduce bias to the RQA measures, particularly those that rely on the diagonal or vertical line structure in the recurrence plot. Using prototypical model systems, we systematically analyze differences in the RQA measure average diagonal line length for data with different sampling and interpolation. For real data, we show that the course of this measure strongly depends on the choice of the sampling rate for interpolation. Furthermore, we suggest a correction scheme, which is capable of correcting the bias introduced by the prepossessing step if the interpolation ratio is an integer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Antary
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz Association, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Leipzig, 04081 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin H Trauth
- Institute of Geosciences, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Norbert Marwan
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz Association, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
- Institute of Geosciences, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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3
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Wang LN, Li M, Zang CR. Modeling directed weighted network based on event coincidence analysis and its application on spatial propagation characteristics. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2023; 33:063155. [PMID: 37368039 DOI: 10.1063/5.0142001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The problem of synchronicity quantification, based on event occurrence time, has become the research focus in different fields. Methods of synchrony measurement provide an effective way to explore spatial propagation characteristics of extreme events. Using the synchrony measurement method of event coincidence analysis, we construct a directed weighted network and innovatively explore the direction of correlations between event sequences. Based on trigger event coincidence, the synchrony of traffic extreme events of base stations is measured. Analyzing topology characteristics of the network, we study the spatial propagation characteristics of traffic extreme events in the communication system, including the propagation area, propagation influence, and spatial aggregation. This study provides a framework of network modeling to quantify the propagation characteristics of extreme events, which is helpful for further research on the prediction of extreme events. In particular, our framework is effective for events that occurred in time aggregation. In addition, from the perspective of a directed network, we analyze differences between the precursor event coincidence and the trigger event coincidence and the impact of event aggregation on the synchrony measurement methods. The precursor event coincidence and the trigger event coincidence are consistent when identifying event synchronization, while there are differences when measuring the event synchronization extent. Our study can provide a reference for the analysis of extreme climatic events such as rainstorms, droughts, and others in the climate field.
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Affiliation(s)
- L N Wang
- College of Sciences, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Statistical Analysis Theory for Life Data and Neural Network Modeling, Hohhot 010051, China
| | - M Li
- College of Sciences, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China
| | - C R Zang
- Inner Mongolia Branch, China Unicom, Hohhot 010050, China
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4
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Pleistocene drivers of Northwest African hydroclimate and vegetation. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3552. [PMID: 35729104 PMCID: PMC9213457 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31120-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Savanna ecosystems were the landscapes for human evolution and are vital to modern Sub-Saharan African food security, yet the fundamental drivers of climate and ecology in these ecosystems remain unclear. Here we generate plant-wax isotope and dust flux records to explore the mechanistic drivers of the Northwest African monsoon, and to assess ecosystem responses to changes in monsoon rainfall and atmospheric pCO2. We show that monsoon rainfall is controlled by low-latitude insolation gradients and that while increases in precipitation are associated with expansion of grasslands into desert landscapes, changes in pCO2 predominantly drive the C3/C4 composition of savanna ecosystems.
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5
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Dynamic Linkages among Carbon, Energy and Financial Markets: Multiplex Recurrence Network Approach. MATHEMATICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/math10111829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
It has become a hot issue to integrate the carbon market, energy market, and financial market into one system and explore the relationship among them. Considering that the carbon market, energy market, and financial market all have chaotic characteristics to varying degrees, this paper proposes a theoretical framework to study the linkage relationship among the three markets on the basis of the method of the Multiplex recurrence network. Firstly, we built a multiplex recurrence network of carbon-energy-financial market. Then, based on the connection relationship among nodes of the recurrence network of each market, the degree distribution of nodes of each market, and the information entropy theory, we put forward several metric indicators to explore the correlativity and mutual guidance relation among carbon market, energy market and financial market from micro and macro perspectives. Using the data generated by the deterministic system, the effectiveness of the defined index was confirmed by numerical simulation. The empirical analysis of the carbon market, energy market, and financial market revealed the evolution process of the increasingly close connection between the three markets, and we found that the carbon market plays an increasingly important role in the world capital market system. Based on the research results, we propose some suggestions for market decision-makers, enterprises, and investors.
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6
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Varley TF, Sporns O. Network Analysis of Time Series: Novel Approaches to Network Neuroscience. Front Neurosci 2022; 15:787068. [PMID: 35221887 PMCID: PMC8874015 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.787068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last two decades, there has been an explosion of interest in modeling the brain as a network, where nodes correspond variously to brain regions or neurons, and edges correspond to structural or statistical dependencies between them. This kind of network construction, which preserves spatial, or structural, information while collapsing across time, has become broadly known as "network neuroscience." In this work, we provide an alternative application of network science to neural data: network-based analysis of non-linear time series and review applications of these methods to neural data. Instead of preserving spatial information and collapsing across time, network analysis of time series does the reverse: it collapses spatial information, instead preserving temporally extended dynamics, typically corresponding to evolution through some kind of phase/state-space. This allows researchers to infer a, possibly low-dimensional, "intrinsic manifold" from empirical brain data. We will discuss three methods of constructing networks from nonlinear time series, and how to interpret them in the context of neural data: recurrence networks, visibility networks, and ordinal partition networks. By capturing typically continuous, non-linear dynamics in the form of discrete networks, we show how techniques from network science, non-linear dynamics, and information theory can extract meaningful information distinct from what is normally accessible in standard network neuroscience approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas F. Varley
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
- School of Informatics, Computing, and Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Olaf Sporns
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
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7
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Bagniewski W, Ghil M, Rousseau DD. Automatic detection of abrupt transitions in paleoclimate records. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2021; 31:113129. [PMID: 34881579 DOI: 10.1063/5.0062543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Bifurcations and tipping points (TPs) are an important part of the Earth system's behavior. These critical points represent thresholds at which small changes in the system's parameters or in the forcing abruptly switch it from one state or type of behavior to another. Current concern with TPs is largely due to the potential of slow anthropogenic forcing to bring about abrupt, and possibly irreversible, change to the physical climate system and impacted ecosystems. Paleoclimate proxy records have been shown to contain abrupt transitions, or "jumps," which may represent former instances of such dramatic climate change events. These transitions can provide valuable information for identifying critical TPs in current and future climate evolution. Here, we present a robust methodology for detecting abrupt transitions in proxy records that is applied to ice core and speleothem records of the last climate cycle. This methodology is based on the nonparametric Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) test for the equality, or not, of the probability distributions associated with two samples drawn from a time series, before and after any potential jump. To improve the detection of abrupt transitions in proxy records, the KS test is augmented by several other criteria and it is compared with recurrence analysis. The augmented KS test results show substantial skill when compared with more subjective criteria for jump detection. This test can also usefully complement recurrence analysis and improve upon certain aspects of its results.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Bagniewski
- Department of Geosciences and Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (CNRS and IPSL), École Normale Supérieure and PSL University, 75132 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - M Ghil
- Department of Geosciences and Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (CNRS and IPSL), École Normale Supérieure and PSL University, 75132 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - D D Rousseau
- Geosciences Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, 34095 Montpellier, France
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8
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Quinn RL, Lepre CJ. Contracting eastern African C 4 grasslands during the extinction of Paranthropus boisei. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7164. [PMID: 33785831 PMCID: PMC8009881 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86642-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The extinction of the Paranthropus boisei estimated to just before 1 Ma occurred when C4 grasslands dominated landscapes of the Eastern African Rift System (EARS). P. boisei has been characterized as an herbivorous C4 specialist, and paradoxically, its demise coincided with habitats favorable to its dietary ecology. Here we report new pedogenic carbonate stable carbon (δ13CPC) and oxygen (δ18OPC) values (nodules = 53, analyses = 95) from an under-sampled interval (1.4-0.7 Ma) in the Turkana Basin (Kenya), one of the most fossiliferous locales of P. boisei. We combined our new results with published δ13CPC values from the EARS dated to 3-0 Ma, conducted time-series analysis of woody cover (ƒWC), and compared the EARS ƒWC trends to regional and global paleo-environmental and -climatic datasets. Our results demonstrate that the long-term rise of C4 grasslands was punctuated by a transient but significant increase in C3 vegetation and warmer temperatures, coincident with the Mid-Pleistocene Transition (1.3-0.7 Ma) and implicating a short-term rise in pCO2. The contraction of C4 grasslands escalated dietary competition amongst the abundant C4-feeders, likely influencing P. boisei's demise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhonda L Quinn
- Department of Sociology, Anthropology, Social Work and Criminal Justice, Seton Hall University, 400 South Orange Ave, South Orange, NJ, 07079, USA.
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Rutgers University, 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
| | - Christopher J Lepre
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Rutgers University, 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
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9
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Analysis of Gas-water Flow Transition Characteristics Based on Multiscale Limited Penetrable Visibility Graph. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7030. [PMID: 32341391 PMCID: PMC7184586 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64021-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractIt’s a significant challenge for gas-water flow transition characteristics from experimental measurements in the study of multiphase flow systems. The limited penetrable visibility graph has been proved to be an efficient methodology for revealing nonlinear dynamical behaviors of time series. In order to uncovering gas-water flow transitions, gas-water flow experiment was carried out to obtain time series signals related to the transitions of three flow patterns. Then a novel multiscale limited penetrable visibility graph (MLPVG) is used to construct complex networks from many different experimental flow conditions. The multiscale network measures associated with node degree are employed to describe the topological features of the constructed MLPVG. The results show that the multiscale limited penetrable visibility graph can not only effectively characterize flow transition but also yields novel insights into the identification of gas-water flow patterns.
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10
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Liu JL, Yu ZG, Leung Y, Fung T, Zhou Y. Fractal analysis of recurrence networks constructed from the two-dimensional fractional Brownian motions. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2020; 30:113123. [PMID: 33261323 DOI: 10.1063/5.0003884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we focus on the fractal property of recurrence networks constructed from the two-dimensional fractional Brownian motion (2D fBm), i.e., the inter-system recurrence network, the joint recurrence network, the cross-joint recurrence network, and the multidimensional recurrence network, which are the variants of classic recurrence networks extended for multiple time series. Generally, the fractal dimension of these recurrence networks can only be estimated numerically. The numerical analysis identifies the existence of fractality in these constructed recurrence networks. Furthermore, it is found that the numerically estimated fractal dimension of these networks can be connected to the theoretical fractal dimension of the 2D fBm graphs, because both fractal dimensions are piecewisely associated with the Hurst exponent H in a highly similar pattern, i.e., a linear decrease (if H varies from 0 to 0.5) followed by an inversely proportional-like decay (if H changes from 0.5 to 1). Although their fractal dimensions are not exactly identical, their difference can actually be deciphered by one single parameter with the value around 1. Therefore, it can be concluded that these recurrence networks constructed from the 2D fBms must inherit some fractal properties of its associated 2D fBms with respect to the fBm graphs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Long Liu
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Information Processing of Ministry of Education and Hunan Key Laboratory for Computation and Simulation in Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, China
| | - Zu-Guo Yu
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Information Processing of Ministry of Education and Hunan Key Laboratory for Computation and Simulation in Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, China
| | - Yee Leung
- Institute of Future Cities, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tung Fung
- Institute of Future Cities, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Institute of Future Cities, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
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11
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Odenweller A, Donner RV. Disentangling synchrony from serial dependency in paired-event time series. Phys Rev E 2020; 101:052213. [PMID: 32575302 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.101.052213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Quantifying synchronization phenomena based on the timing of events has recently attracted a great deal of interest in various disciplines such as neuroscience or climatology. A multitude of similarity measures has been proposed for this purpose, including event synchronization (ES) and event coincidence analysis (ECA) as two widely applicable examples. While ES defines synchrony in a data-adaptive local way that does not distinguish between different timescales, ECA requires selecting a specific scale for analysis. In this paper, we use slightly modified versions of both ES and ECA that address previous issues with respect to proper normalization and boundary treatment, which are particularly relevant for short time series with low temporal resolution. By numerically studying threshold crossing events in coupled autoregressive processes, we identify a practical limitation of ES when attempting to study synchrony between serially dependent event sequences exhibiting event clustering in time. Practical implications of this observation are demonstrated for the case of functional network representations of climate extremes based on both ES and ECA, while no marked differences between both measures are observed for the case of epileptic electroencephalogram data. Our findings suggest that careful event detection along with diligent preprocessing is recommended when applying ES while less crucial for ECA. Despite the lack of a general modus operandi for both event definition and detection of synchronization, we suggest ECA as a widely robust method, especially for time-resolved synchronization analyses of event time series from various disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Odenweller
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Germany.,Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability (CEN), University of Hamburg, Germany.,The Land in the Earth System, Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Reik V Donner
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Germany.,Department of Water, Environment, Construction and Safety, Magdeburg-Stendal University of Applied Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
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12
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Wolf F, Bauer J, Boers N, Donner RV. Event synchrony measures for functional climate network analysis: A case study on South American rainfall dynamics. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2020; 30:033102. [PMID: 32237783 DOI: 10.1063/1.5134012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Understanding spatiotemporal patterns of climate extremes has gained considerable relevance in the context of ongoing climate change. With enhanced computational capacity, data driven methods such as functional climate networks have been proposed and have already contributed to significant advances in understanding and predicting extreme events, as well as identifying interrelations between the occurrences of various climatic phenomena. While the (in its basic setting) parameter free event synchronization (ES) method has been widely applied to construct functional climate networks from extreme event series, its original definition has been realized to exhibit problems in handling events occurring at subsequent time steps, which need to be accounted for. Along with the study of this conceptual limitation of the original ES approach, event coincidence analysis (ECA) has been suggested as an alternative approach that incorporates an additional parameter for selecting certain time scales of event synchrony. In this work, we compare selected features of functional climate network representations of South American heavy precipitation events obtained using ES and ECA without and with the correction for temporal event clustering. We find that both measures exhibit different types of biases, which have profound impacts on the resulting network structures. By combining the complementary information captured by ES and ECA, we revisit the spatiotemporal organization of extreme events during the South American Monsoon season. While the corrected version of ES captures multiple time scales of heavy rainfall cascades at once, ECA allows disentangling those scales and thereby tracing the spatiotemporal propagation more explicitly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Wolf
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK)-Member of the Leibniz Association, Telegrafenberg A56, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Jurek Bauer
- Institute for Astrophysics, Georg-August-University, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Niklas Boers
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK)-Member of the Leibniz Association, Telegrafenberg A56, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Reik V Donner
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK)-Member of the Leibniz Association, Telegrafenberg A56, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
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13
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Fdez-Arroyabe P, Fornieles-Callejón J, Santurtún A, Szangolies L, Donner RV. Schumann resonance and cardiovascular hospital admission in the area of Granada, Spain: An event coincidence analysis approach. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 705:135813. [PMID: 31826805 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The study of bio-effects of Schumann resonances is a very complex issue. There is a need to identify mechanisms and pathways that explain how Extremely Low Frequency magnetic fields affect biology or human health. This particular study tries to identify statistical associations between ELF magnetic fields in the province of Granada (Spain) and cardiovascular related hospital admission in the same province for the period April, 1st 2013 to March, 31st 2014. Research is developed under an epidemiological approach based on an Event Coincidence Analysis statistical method. Clustered events, statistically significant (ECA shuffle-surrogate test p = .01 and p < .01), were found for the minimum values of the first and the third Schuman resonances frequency on east-west and north-south directions, and for the amplitude parameter of the second resonance and the total signal energy in the north-south direction. Empirical measurements of SR parameters were recorded at the Sierra Nevada Mountain in Granada province (Spain). Results show a clear coincidence of the events for the minima amplitudes of Shuman resonances and energy in the north-south orientation and the number of the cardiovascular related hospital admissions. Further research is needed with longer temporal series and a new approach based on gender seems to be also interesting for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Fdez-Arroyabe
- University of Cantabria, Department of Geography, Geobiomet Research Group, Santander, Spain.
| | | | - Ana Santurtún
- University of Cantabria, Faculty of Medicine, Physiology and Pharmacology Department, Geobiomet Research Group, Santander, Spain
| | - Leonna Szangolies
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK) - A Member of the Leibniz Association, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Reik V Donner
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK) - A Member of the Leibniz Association, Potsdam, Germany; Magdeburg-Stendal University of Applied Sciences, Department of Water, Environment, Construction and Safety, Magdeburg, Germany
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14
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Abstract
Nonlinear time series analysis gained prominence from the late 1980s on, primarily because of its ability to characterize, analyze, and predict nontrivial features in data sets that stem from a wide range of fields such as finance, music, human physiology, cognitive science, astrophysics, climate, and engineering. More recently, recurrence plots, initially proposed as a visual tool for the analysis of complex systems, have proven to be a powerful framework to quantify and reveal nontrivial dynamical features in time series data. This tutorial review provides a brief introduction to the fundamentals of nonlinear time series analysis, before discussing in greater detail a few (out of the many existing) approaches of recurrence plot-based analysis of time series. In particular, it focusses on recurrence plot-based measures which characterize dynamical features such as determinism, synchronization, and regime changes. The concept of surrogate-based hypothesis testing, which is crucial to drawing any inference from data analyses, is also discussed. Finally, the presented recurrence plot approaches are applied to two climatic indices related to the equatorial and North Pacific regions, and their dynamical behavior and their interrelations are investigated.
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15
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Gao ZK, Li YL, Yang YX, Ma C. A recurrence network-based convolutional neural network for fatigue driving detection from EEG. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2019; 29:113126. [PMID: 31779352 DOI: 10.1063/1.5120538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Driver fatigue is an important cause of traffic accidents, which has triggered great concern for detecting drivers' fatigue. Numerous methods have been proposed to fulfill this challenging task, including feature methods and machine learning methods. Recently, with the development of deep learning techniques, many studies achieved better results than traditional feature methods, and the combination of traditional methods and deep learning techniques gradually received attention. In this paper, we propose a recurrence network-based convolutional neural network (RN-CNN) method to detect fatigue driving. To be specific, we first conduct a simulated driving experiment to collect electroencephalogram (EEG) signals of subjects under alert state and fatigue state. Then, we construct the multiplex recurrence network (RN) from EEG signals to fuse information from the original time series. Finally, CNN is employed to extract and learn the features of a multiplex RN for realizing a classification task. The results indicate that the proposed RN-CNN method can achieve an average accuracy of 92.95%. To verify the effectiveness of our method, some existing competitive methods are compared with ours. The results show that our method outperforms the existing methods, which demonstrate the effect of the RN-CNN method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Ke Gao
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yan-Li Li
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yu-Xuan Yang
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Chao Ma
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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16
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Lekscha J, Donner RV. Areawise significance tests for windowed recurrence network analysis. Proc Math Phys Eng Sci 2019; 475:20190161. [PMID: 31534423 DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2019.0161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Many time-series analysis techniques use sliding window approaches or are repeatedly applied over a continuous range of parameters. When combined with a significance test, intrinsic correlations among the pointwise analysis results can make falsely positive significant points appear as continuous patches rather than as isolated points. To account for this effect, we present an areawise significance test that identifies such false-positive patches. For this purpose, we numerically estimate the decorrelation length of the statistic of interest by calculating correlation functions between the analysis results and require an areawise significant point to belong to a patch of pointwise significant points that is larger than this decorrelation length. We apply our areawise test to results from windowed traditional and scale-specific recurrence network analysis in order to identify dynamical anomalies in time series of a non-stationary Rössler system and tree ring width index values from Eastern Canada. Especially, in the palaeoclimate context, the areawise testing approach markedly reduces the number of points that are identified as significant and therefore highlights only the most relevant features in the data. This provides a crucial step towards further establishing recurrence networks as a tool for palaeoclimate data analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaqueline Lekscha
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK) - Member of the Leibniz Association, 14473 Potsdam, Germany.,Department of Physics, Humboldt University, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Reik V Donner
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK) - Member of the Leibniz Association, 14473 Potsdam, Germany.,Department of Water, Environment, Construction and Safety, Magdeburg-Stendal University of Applied Sciences, 39114 Magdeburg, Germany
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17
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Gao ZK, Guo W, Cai Q, Ma C, Zhang YB, Kurths J. Characterization of SSMVEP-based EEG signals using multiplex limited penetrable horizontal visibility graph. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2019; 29:073119. [PMID: 31370406 DOI: 10.1063/1.5108606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The steady state motion visual evoked potential (SSMVEP)-based brain computer interface (BCI), which incorporates the motion perception capabilities of the human visual system to alleviate the negative effects caused by strong visual stimulation from steady-state VEP, has attracted a great deal of attention. In this paper, we design a SSMVEP-based experiment by Newton's ring paradigm. Then, we use the canonical correlation analysis and Support Vector Machines to classify SSMVEP signals for the SSMVEP-based electroencephalography (EEG) signal detection. We find that the classification accuracy of different subjects under fatigue state is much lower than that in the normal state. To probe into this, we develop a multiplex limited penetrable horizontal visibility graph method, which enables to infer a brain network from 62-channel EEG signals. Subsequently, we analyze the variation of the average weighted clustering coefficient and the weighted global efficiency corresponding to these two brain states and find that both network measures are lower under fatigue state. The results suggest that the associations and information transfer efficiency among different brain regions become weaker when the brain state changes from normal to fatigue, which provide new insights into the explanations for the reduced classification accuracy. The promising classification results and the findings render the proposed methods particularly useful for analyzing EEG recordings from SSMVEP-based BCI system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Ke Gao
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wei Guo
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Qing Cai
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Chao Ma
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yuan-Bo Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jürgen Kurths
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Telegraphenberg A31, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
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18
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Ruan Y, Donner RV, Guan S, Zou Y. Ordinal partition transition network based complexity measures for inferring coupling direction and delay from time series. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2019; 29:043111. [PMID: 31042940 DOI: 10.1063/1.5086527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that the construction of ordinal partition transition networks (OPTNs) from time series provides a prospective approach to improve our understanding of the underlying dynamical system. In this work, we introduce a suite of OPTN based complexity measures to infer the coupling direction between two dynamical systems from pairs of time series. For several examples of coupled stochastic processes, we demonstrate that our approach is able to successfully identify interaction delays of both unidirectional and bidirectional coupling configurations. Moreover, we show that the causal interaction between two coupled chaotic Hénon maps can be captured by the OPTN based complexity measures for a broad range of coupling strengths before the onset of synchronization. Finally, we apply our method to two real-world observational climate time series, disclosing the interaction delays underlying the temperature records from two distinct stations in Oxford and Vienna. Our results suggest that ordinal partition transition networks can be used as complementary tools for causal inference tasks and provide insights into the potentials and theoretical foundations of time series networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijing Ruan
- Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Reik V Donner
- Department of Water, Environment, Construction and Safety, Magdeburg-Stendal University of Applied Sciences, Breitscheidstraße 2, 39114 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Shuguang Guan
- Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Yong Zou
- Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
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19
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Jacob R, Harikrishnan KP, Misra R, Ambika G. Weighted recurrence networks for the analysis of time-series data. Proc Math Phys Eng Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2018.0256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recurrence networks (RNs) have become very popular tools for the nonlinear analysis of time-series data. They are unweighted and undirected complex networks constructed with specific criteria from time series. In this work, we propose a method to construct a ‘weighted recurrence network’ from a time series and show that it can reveal useful information regarding the structure of a chaotic attractor which the usual unweighted RN cannot provide. Especially, a network measure, the node strength distribution, from every chaotic attractor follows a power law (with exponential cut off at the tail) with an index characteristic to the fractal structure of the attractor. This provides a new class among complex networks to which networks from all standard chaotic attractors are found to belong. Two other prominent network measures, clustering coefficient and characteristic path length, are generalized and their utility in discriminating chaotic dynamics from noise is highlighted. As an application of the proposed measure, we present an analysis of variable star light curves whose behaviour has been reported to be strange non-chaotic in a recent study. Our numerical results indicate that the weighted recurrence network and the associated measures can become potentially important tools for the analysis of short and noisy time series from the real world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinku Jacob
- Department of Physics, The Cochin College, Cochin 682 002, India
| | | | - R. Misra
- Inter University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411 007, India
| | - G. Ambika
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Tirupati 517507, India
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20
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Skonieczny C, McGee D, Winckler G, Bory A, Bradtmiller LI, Kinsley CW, Polissar PJ, De Pol-Holz R, Rossignol L, Malaizé B. Monsoon-driven Saharan dust variability over the past 240,000 years. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaav1887. [PMID: 30613782 PMCID: PMC6314818 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aav1887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Reconstructions of past Saharan dust deposition in marine sediments provide foundational records of North African climate over time scales of 103 to 106 years. Previous dust records show primarily glacial-interglacial variability in the Pleistocene, in contrast to other monsoon records showing strong precessional variability. Here, we present the first Saharan dust record spanning multiple glacial cycles obtained using 230Th normalization, an improved method of calculating fluxes. Contrary to previous data, our record from the West African margin demonstrates high correlation with summer insolation and limited glacial-interglacial changes, indicating coherent variability in the African monsoon belt throughout the late Pleistocene. Our results demonstrate that low-latitude Saharan dust emissions do not vary synchronously with high- and mid-latitude dust emissions, and they call into question the use of existing Plio-Pleistocene dust records to investigate links between climate and hominid evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Skonieczny
- Laboratoire Géosciences Paris-Sud, UMR CNRS 8148, Université de Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - D. McGee
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - G. Winckler
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY, USA
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - A. Bory
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY, USA
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Université Littoral Cote d’Opale, UMR 8187, LOG, Laboratoire d’Océanologie et de Géosciences, Lille, France
| | - L. I. Bradtmiller
- Department of Environmental Studies, Macalester College, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - C. W. Kinsley
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - P. J. Polissar
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - R. De Pol-Holz
- GAIA-Antártica, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - L. Rossignol
- Laboratoire Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux, UMR CNRS 5805, Université de Bordeaux, Pessac, France
| | - B. Malaizé
- Laboratoire Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux, UMR CNRS 5805, Université de Bordeaux, Pessac, France
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21
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Lekscha J, Donner RV. Phase space reconstruction for non-uniformly sampled noisy time series. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2018; 28:085702. [PMID: 30180600 DOI: 10.1063/1.5023860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Analyzing data from paleoclimate archives such as tree rings or lake sediments offers the opportunity of inferring information on past climate variability. Often, such data sets are univariate and a proper reconstruction of the system's higher-dimensional phase space can be crucial for further analyses. In this study, we systematically compare the methods of time delay embedding and differential embedding for phase space reconstruction. Differential embedding relates the system's higher-dimensional coordinates to the derivatives of the measured time series. For implementation, this requires robust and efficient algorithms to estimate derivatives from noisy and possibly non-uniformly sampled data. For this purpose, we consider several approaches: (i) central differences adapted to irregular sampling, (ii) a generalized version of discrete Legendre coordinates, and (iii) the concept of Moving Taylor Bayesian Regression. We evaluate the performance of differential and time delay embedding by studying two paradigmatic model systems-the Lorenz and the Rössler system. More precisely, we compare geometric properties of the reconstructed attractors to those of the original attractors by applying recurrence network analysis. Finally, we demonstrate the potential and the limitations of using the different phase space reconstruction methods in combination with windowed recurrence network analysis for inferring information about past climate variability. This is done by analyzing two well-studied paleoclimate data sets from Ecuador and Mexico. We find that studying the robustness of the results when varying the analysis parameters is an unavoidable step in order to make well-grounded statements on climate variability and to judge whether a data set is suitable for this kind of analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaqueline Lekscha
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Reik V Donner
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
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22
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Donner RV, Stolbova V, Balasis G, Donges JF, Georgiou M, Potirakis SM, Kurths J. Temporal organization of magnetospheric fluctuations unveiled by recurrence patterns in the Dst index. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2018; 28:085716. [PMID: 30180615 DOI: 10.1063/1.5024792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic storms constitute the most remarkable large-scale phenomena of nonlinear magnetospheric dynamics. Studying the dynamical organization of macroscopic variability in terms of geomagnetic activity index data by means of complexity measures provides a promising approach for identifying the underlying processes and associated time scales. Here, we apply a suite of characteristics from recurrence quantification analysis (RQA) and recurrence network analysis (RNA) in order to unveil some key nonlinear features of the hourly Disturbance storm-time (Dst) index during periods with magnetic storms and such of normal variability. Our results demonstrate that recurrence-based measures can serve as excellent tracers for changes in the dynamical complexity along non-stationary records of geomagnetic activity. In particular, trapping time (characterizing the typical length of "laminar phases" in the observed dynamics) and recurrence network transitivity (associated with the number of the system's effective dynamical degrees of freedom) allow for a very good discrimination between magnetic storm and quiescence phases. In general, some RQA and RNA characteristics distinguish between storm and non-storm times equally well or even better than other previously considered nonlinear characteristics like Hurst exponent or symbolic dynamics based entropy concepts. Our results point to future potentials of recurrence characteristics for unveiling temporal changes in the dynamical complexity of the magnetosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reik V Donner
- Research Domain IV-Transdisciplinary Concepts and Methods, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Telegrafenberg A31, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Veronika Stolbova
- Research Domain IV-Transdisciplinary Concepts and Methods, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Telegrafenberg A31, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Georgios Balasis
- Institute for Astronomy, Astrophysics, Space Applications and Remote Sensing, National Observatory of Athens, I. Metaxa & Vas. Pavlou Street, 15236 Penteli, Greece
| | - Jonathan F Donges
- Research Domain I-Earth System Analysis, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Telegrafenberg A31, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Marina Georgiou
- Institute for Astronomy, Astrophysics, Space Applications and Remote Sensing, National Observatory of Athens, I. Metaxa & Vas. Pavlou Street, 15236 Penteli, Greece
| | - Stelios M Potirakis
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, University of West Attica, Campus 2, 250 Thivon and P. Ralli, Aigaleo, 12244 Athens, Greece
| | - Jürgen Kurths
- Research Domain IV-Transdisciplinary Concepts and Methods, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Telegrafenberg A31, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
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23
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Gao ZK, Liu CY, Yang YX, Cai Q, Dang WD, Du XL, Jia HX. Multivariate weighted recurrence network analysis of EEG signals from ERP-based smart home system. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2018; 28:085713. [PMID: 30180616 DOI: 10.1063/1.5018824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Smart home has been widely used to improve the living quality of people. Recently, the brain-computer interface (BCI) contributes greatly to the smart home system. We design a BCI-based smart home system, in which the event-related potentials (ERP) are induced by the image interface based on the oddball paradigm. Then, we investigate the influence of mental fatigue on the ERP classification by the Fisher linear discriminant analysis. The results indicate that the classification accuracy of ERP decreases as the brain evolves from the normal stage to the mental fatigue stage. In order to probe into the difference of the brain, cognitive process between mental fatigue and normal states, we construct multivariate weighted recurrence networks and analyze the variation of the weighted clustering coefficient and weighted global efficiency corresponding to these two brain states. The findings suggest that these two network metrics allow distinguishing normal and mental fatigue states and yield novel insights into the brain fatigue behavior resulting from a long use of the ERP-based smart home system. These properties render the multivariate recurrence network, particularly useful for analyzing electroencephalographic recordings from the ERP-based smart home system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Ke Gao
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Cheng-Yong Liu
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yu-Xuan Yang
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Qing Cai
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wei-Dong Dang
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xiu-Lan Du
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Hao-Xuan Jia
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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24
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Statistical Significance of Earth's Electric and Magnetic Field Variations Preceding Earthquakes in Greece and Japan Revisited. ENTROPY 2018; 20:e20080561. [PMID: 33265650 PMCID: PMC7513084 DOI: 10.3390/e20080561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
By analyzing the seismicity in a new time domain, termed natural time, we recently found that the change of the entropy under time reversal (Physica A2018, 506, 625–634) and the relevant complexity measures (Entropy2018, 20, 477) exhibit pronounced variations before the occurrence of the M8.2 earthquake in Mexico on 7 September 2017. Here, the statistical significance of precursory phenomena associated with other physical properties and in particular the anomalous variations observed in the Earth’s electric and magnetic fields before earthquakes in different regions of the world and in particular in Greece since 1980s and Japan during 2001–2010 are revisited (the latter, i.e., the magnetic field variations are alternatively termed ultra low frequency (ULF) seismo-magnetic phenomena). Along these lines we employ modern statistical tools like the event coincidence analysis and the receiver operating characteristics technique. We find that these precursory variations are far beyond chance and in addition their lead times fully agree with the experimental findings in Greece since the 1980s.
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25
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Dong Z, Li X, Chen W. Frequency Network Analysis of Heart Rate Variability for Obstructive Apnea Patient Detection. IEEE J Biomed Health Inform 2018; 22:1895-1905. [PMID: 29990048 DOI: 10.1109/jbhi.2017.2784415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a popular sleep disorder. Traditional OSA diagnosis methods are cumbersome and expensive, which bring inconvenience for patient diagnosis and heavy workload for physician. Automatically identifying OSA patients from electrocardiogram (ECG) records is important for clinical diagnosis and treatment. In this paper, a new method based on the frequency and network domains is proposed to automatically recognize OSA patients with nocturnal ECG records. First, each RR-interval (beat to beat heart rate) series was divided into segments. By calculating the power spectral density (PSD) of heart rate variability segment with Lomb-Scargle method, the dynamic time warping (DTW) distance was used to evaluate the similarity (dissimilarity) of the lower frequency in the PSD series, then the DTW distance matrix was transformed to a binary matrix, and then network metrics were calculated to discriminate OSA patients with healthy subjects. The new method was tested with data of 389 subjects collected from two public databases that consist of normal subjects without OSA (apnea-hypopnea index, AHI 5) and OSA patients (AHI 5). Results show that a single network metric (local clustering coefficient) can recognize OSA patients with 90.1% accuracy, 88.29% sensitivity, and 90.5% specificity, and confirm the potential of using the ECG records for OSA patients recognition.
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26
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Goswami B, Boers N, Rheinwalt A, Marwan N, Heitzig J, Breitenbach SFM, Kurths J. Abrupt transitions in time series with uncertainties. Nat Commun 2018; 9:48. [PMID: 29298987 PMCID: PMC5752700 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02456-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying abrupt transitions is a key question in various disciplines. Existing transition detection methods, however, do not rigorously account for time series uncertainties, often neglecting them altogether or assuming them to be independent and qualitatively similar. Here, we introduce a novel approach suited to handle uncertainties by representing the time series as a time-ordered sequence of probability density functions. We show how to detect abrupt transitions in such a sequence using the community structure of networks representing probabilities of recurrence. Using our approach, we detect transitions in global stock indices related to well-known periods of politico-economic volatility. We further uncover transitions in the El Niño-Southern Oscillation which coincide with periods of phase locking with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation. Finally, we provide for the first time an 'uncertainty-aware' framework which validates the hypothesis that ice-rafting events in the North Atlantic during the Holocene were synchronous with a weakened Asian summer monsoon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bedartha Goswami
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Transdisciplinary Concepts & Methods, 14412, Potsdam, Germany.
- Institute of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht Str. 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Niklas Boers
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Transdisciplinary Concepts & Methods, 14412, Potsdam, Germany
- Grantham Institute - Climate Change and the Environment, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Aljoscha Rheinwalt
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Transdisciplinary Concepts & Methods, 14412, Potsdam, Germany
- Institute of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht Str. 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Norbert Marwan
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Transdisciplinary Concepts & Methods, 14412, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Jobst Heitzig
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Transdisciplinary Concepts & Methods, 14412, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Sebastian F M Breitenbach
- Sediment and Isotope Geology, Institute for Geology, Mineralogy & Geophysics, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Jürgen Kurths
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Transdisciplinary Concepts & Methods, 14412, Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Physics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstr. 15, 12489, Berlin, Germany
- Saratov State University, 83 Astrakhanskaya Street, Saratov, 410012, Russia
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27
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Eroglu D, Marwan N, Stebich M, Kurths J. Multiplex recurrence networks. Phys Rev E 2018; 97:012312. [PMID: 29448424 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.97.012312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We have introduced a multiplex recurrence network approach by combining recurrence networks with the multiplex network approach in order to investigate multivariate time series. The potential use of this approach is demonstrated on coupled map lattices and a typical example from palaeobotany research. In both examples, topological changes in the multiplex recurrence networks allow for the detection of regime changes in their dynamics. The method goes beyond classical interpretation of pollen records by considering the vegetation as a whole and using the intrinsic similarity in the dynamics of the different regional vegetation elements. We find that the different vegetation types behave more similarly when one environmental factor acts as the dominant driving force.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Eroglu
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Potsdam 14473, Germany
- Department of Physics, Humboldt University, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Norbert Marwan
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Potsdam 14473, Germany
| | - Martina Stebich
- Senckenberg Research Station of Quaternary Palaeontology Weimar, Am Jakobskirchhof 4, Weimar 99423, Germany
| | - Jürgen Kurths
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Potsdam 14473, Germany
- Department of Physics, Humboldt University, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Complex Systems and Mathematical Biology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, United Kingdom
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28
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Guo H, Ramos AMT, Macau EEN, Zou Y, Guan S. Constructing regional climate networks in the Amazonia during recent drought events. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186145. [PMID: 29040296 PMCID: PMC5645106 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate networks are powerful approaches to disclose tele-connections in climate systems and to predict severe climate events. Here we construct regional climate networks from precipitation data in the Amazonian region and focus on network properties under the recent drought events in 2005 and 2010. Both the networks of the entire Amazon region and the extreme networks resulted from locations severely affected by drought events suggest that network characteristics show slight difference between the two drought events. Based on network degrees of extreme drought events and that without drought conditions, we identify regions of interest that are correlated to longer expected drought period length. Moreover, we show that the spatial correlation length to the regions of interest decayed much faster in 2010 than in 2005, which is because of the dual roles played by both the Pacific and Atlantic oceans. The results suggest that hub nodes in the regional climate network of Amazonia have fewer long-range connections when more severe drought conditions appeared in 2010 than that in 2005.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Guo
- Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Antônio M. T. Ramos
- National Institute for Space Research, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elbert E. N. Macau
- National Institute for Space Research, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Yong Zou
- Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (YZ); (SG)
| | - Shuguang Guan
- Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (YZ); (SG)
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29
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Zhang J, Zhou J, Tang M, Guo H, Small M, Zou Y. Constructing ordinal partition transition networks from multivariate time series. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7795. [PMID: 28798326 PMCID: PMC5552885 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08245-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing number of algorithms have been proposed to map a scalar time series into ordinal partition transition networks. However, most observable phenomena in the empirical sciences are of a multivariate nature. We construct ordinal partition transition networks for multivariate time series. This approach yields weighted directed networks representing the pattern transition properties of time series in velocity space, which hence provides dynamic insights of the underling system. Furthermore, we propose a measure of entropy to characterize ordinal partition transition dynamics, which is sensitive to capturing the possible local geometric changes of phase space trajectories. We demonstrate the applicability of pattern transition networks to capture phase coherence to non-coherence transitions, and to characterize paths to phase synchronizations. Therefore, we conclude that the ordinal partition transition network approach provides complementary insight to the traditional symbolic analysis of nonlinear multivariate time series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayang Zhang
- Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Ming Tang
- School of Information Science Technology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Heng Guo
- Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Michael Small
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
- Mineral Resources, CSIRO, Kensington, WA, Australia
| | - Yong Zou
- Department of Physics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
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30
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PageRank versatility analysis of multilayer modality-based network for exploring the evolution of oil-water slug flow. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5493. [PMID: 28710402 PMCID: PMC5511222 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05890-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous irregular flow structures exist in the complicated multiphase flow and result in lots of disparate spatial dynamical flow behaviors. The vertical oil-water slug flow continually attracts plenty of research interests on account of its significant importance. Based on the spatial transient flow information acquired through our designed double-layer distributed-sector conductance sensor, we construct multilayer modality-based network to encode the intricate spatial flow behavior. Particularly, we calculate the PageRank versatility and multilayer weighted clustering coefficient to quantitatively explore the inferred multilayer modality-based networks. Our analysis allows characterizing the complicated evolution of oil-water slug flow, from the opening formation of oil slugs, to the succedent inter-collision and coalescence among oil slugs, and then to the dispersed oil bubbles. These properties render our developed method particularly powerful for mining the essential flow features from the multilayer sensor measurements.
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31
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Correlates and catalysts of hominin evolution in Africa. Theory Biosci 2017; 136:123-140. [PMID: 28597395 DOI: 10.1007/s12064-017-0250-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Hominin evolution in the African Pliocene and Pleistocene was accompanied and mediated by changes in the abiotic and biotic spheres. It has been hypothesized that such environmental changes were catalysts of hominin morphological evolution and speciations. Whereas there is little doubt that ecological changes were relevant to shaping the trajectories of mammalian evolution, testing specific hypotheses with data from the fossil record has yielded ambiguous results regarding environmental disruption as a primary catalyst. Proposed mechanisms for abiotic and biotic causes of evolution are not always consistent with the timing and trends exhibited by the African fossil record of hominins and other mammals. Analyses of fossil and genetic data suggest that much of hominin evolution, and by extension mammalian evolution, was autocatalytic, driven by feedback loops within a species or lineage, irrespective of changes in the external environment.
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32
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Godavarthi V, Unni VR, Gopalakrishnan EA, Sujith RI. Recurrence networks to study dynamical transitions in a turbulent combustor. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2017; 27:063113. [PMID: 28679226 DOI: 10.1063/1.4985275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Thermoacoustic instability and lean blowout are the major challenges faced when a gas turbine combustor is operated under fuel lean conditions. The dynamics of thermoacoustic system is the result of complex nonlinear interactions between the subsystems-turbulent reactive flow and the acoustic field of the combustor. In order to study the transitions between the dynamical regimes in such a complex system, the time series corresponding to one of the dynamic variables is transformed to an ε-recurrence network. The topology of the recurrence network resembles the structure of the attractor representing the dynamics of the system. The transitions in the thermoacoustic system are then captured as the variation in the topological characteristics of the network. We show the presence of power law degree distribution in the recurrence networks constructed from time series acquired during the occurrence of combustion noise and during the low amplitude aperiodic oscillations prior to lean blowout. We also show the absence of power law degree distribution in the recurrence networks constructed from time series acquired during the occurrence of thermoacoustic instability and during the occurrence of intermittency. We demonstrate that the measures derived from recurrence network can be used as tools to capture the transitions in the turbulent combustor and also as early warning measures for predicting impending thermoacoustic instability and blowout.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Godavarthi
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, IIT Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - V R Unni
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, IIT Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - E A Gopalakrishnan
- Center for Computational Engineering and Networking, Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham (Amrita University), Coimbatore 641112, India
| | - R I Sujith
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, IIT Madras, Chennai 600036, India
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33
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Yang J, Bai S, Qu Z, Chang H. Investigation on law and economics of listed companies' financing preference based on complex network theory. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173514. [PMID: 28301510 PMCID: PMC5354285 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, complex network theory is used to make time-series analysis of key indicators of governance structure and financing data. We analyze scientific listed companies' governance data from 2010 to 2014 and divide them into groups in accordance with the similarity they share. Then we select sample companies to analyze their financing data and explore the influence of governance structure on financing decision and the financing preference they display. This paper reviews relevant laws and regulations of financing from the perspective of law and economics, then proposes reasonable suggestions to consummate the law for the purpose of regulating listed companies' financing. The research provides a reference for making qualitative analysis on companies' financing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yang
- Law School, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuying Bai
- Law School, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhao Qu
- School of Foreign Languages and Literature, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui Chang
- Law School, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
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34
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Gao ZK, Dang WD, Xue L, Zhang SS. Directed weighted network structure analysis of complex impedance measurements for characterizing oil-in-water bubbly flow. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2017; 27:035805. [PMID: 28364745 DOI: 10.1063/1.4972562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Characterizing the flow structure underlying the evolution of oil-in-water bubbly flow remains a contemporary challenge of great interests and complexity. In particular, the oil droplets dispersing in a water continuum with diverse size make the study of oil-in-water bubbly flow really difficult. To study this issue, we first design a novel complex impedance sensor and systematically conduct vertical oil-water flow experiments. Based on the multivariate complex impedance measurements, we define modalities associated with the spatial transient flow structures and construct modality transition-based network for each flow condition to study the evolution of flow structures. In order to reveal the unique flow structures underlying the oil-in-water bubbly flow, we filter the inferred modality transition-based network by removing the edges with small weight and resulting isolated nodes. Then, the weighted clustering coefficient entropy and weighted average path length are employed for quantitatively assessing the original network and filtered network. The differences in network measures enable to efficiently characterize the evolution of the oil-in-water bubbly flow structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Ke Gao
- School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wei-Dong Dang
- School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Le Xue
- School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Shan-Shan Zhang
- School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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35
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Weng T, Zhang J, Small M, Zheng R, Hui P. Memory and betweenness preference in temporal networks induced from time series. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41951. [PMID: 28157194 PMCID: PMC5291220 DOI: 10.1038/srep41951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We construct temporal networks from time series via unfolding the temporal information into an additional topological dimension of the networks. Thus, we are able to introduce memory entropy analysis to unravel the memory effect within the considered signal. We find distinct patterns in the entropy growth rate of the aggregate network at different memory scales for time series with different dynamics ranging from white noise, 1/f noise, autoregressive process, periodic to chaotic dynamics. Interestingly, for a chaotic time series, an exponential scaling emerges in the memory entropy analysis. We demonstrate that the memory exponent can successfully characterize bifurcation phenomenon, and differentiate the human cardiac system in healthy and pathological states. Moreover, we show that the betweenness preference analysis of these temporal networks can further characterize dynamical systems and separate distinct electrocardiogram recordings. Our work explores the memory effect and betweenness preference in temporal networks constructed from time series data, providing a new perspective to understand the underlying dynamical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongfeng Weng
- HKUST-DT System and Media Laboratory, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, HongKong
| | - Jie Zhang
- Centre for Computational Systems Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Michael Small
- The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.,Mineral Resources, CSIRO, Kensington, WA, Australia
| | - Rui Zheng
- HKUST-DT System and Media Laboratory, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, HongKong
| | - Pan Hui
- HKUST-DT System and Media Laboratory, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, HongKong
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36
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Ghaffari HO, Griffith WA, Benson PM. Microscopic Evolution of Laboratory Volcanic Hybrid Earthquakes. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40560. [PMID: 28074878 PMCID: PMC5225436 DOI: 10.1038/srep40560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Characterizing the interaction between fluids and microscopic defects is one of the long-standing challenges in understanding a broad range of cracking processes, in part because they are so difficult to study experimentally. We address this issue by reexamining records of emitted acoustic phonon events during rock mechanics experiments under wet and dry conditions. The frequency spectrum of these events provides direct information regarding the state of the system. Such events are typically subdivided into high frequency (HF) and low frequency (LF) events, whereas intermediate "Hybrid" events, have HF onsets followed by LF ringing. At a larger scale in volcanic terranes, hybrid events are used empirically to predict eruptions, but their ambiguous physical origin limits their diagnostic use. By studying acoustic phonon emissions from individual microcracking events we show that the onset of a secondary instability-related to the transition from HF to LF-occurs during the fast equilibration phase of the system, leading to sudden increase of fluid pressure in the process zone. As a result of this squeezing process, a secondary instability akin to the LF event occurs. This mechanism is consistent with observations of hybrid earthquakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- H O Ghaffari
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA
| | - W A Griffith
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA
| | - P M Benson
- Rock Mechanics Laboratory, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, PO1 3QL, UK
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37
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Laut I, Räth C. Surrogate-assisted network analysis of nonlinear time series. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2016; 26:103108. [PMID: 27802681 DOI: 10.1063/1.4964646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The performance of recurrence networks and symbolic networks to detect weak nonlinearities in time series is compared to the nonlinear prediction error. For the synthetic data of the Lorenz system, the network measures show a comparable performance. In the case of relatively short and noisy real-world data from active galactic nuclei, the nonlinear prediction error yields more robust results than the network measures. The tests are based on surrogate data sets. The correlations in the Fourier phases of data sets from some surrogate generating algorithms are also examined. The phase correlations are shown to have an impact on the performance of the tests for nonlinearity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Laut
- Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Forschungsgruppe Komplexe Plasmen, 82234 Weßling, Germany
| | - Christoph Räth
- Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Forschungsgruppe Komplexe Plasmen, 82234 Weßling, Germany
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38
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Armed-conflict risks enhanced by climate-related disasters in ethnically fractionalized countries. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:9216-21. [PMID: 27457927 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1601611113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Social and political tensions keep on fueling armed conflicts around the world. Although each conflict is the result of an individual context-specific mixture of interconnected factors, ethnicity appears to play a prominent and almost ubiquitous role in many of them. This overall state of affairs is likely to be exacerbated by anthropogenic climate change and in particular climate-related natural disasters. Ethnic divides might serve as predetermined conflict lines in case of rapidly emerging societal tensions arising from disruptive events like natural disasters. Here, we hypothesize that climate-related disaster occurrence enhances armed-conflict outbreak risk in ethnically fractionalized countries. Using event coincidence analysis, we test this hypothesis based on data on armed-conflict outbreaks and climate-related natural disasters for the period 1980-2010. Globally, we find a coincidence rate of 9% regarding armed-conflict outbreak and disaster occurrence such as heat waves or droughts. Our analysis also reveals that, during the period in question, about 23% of conflict outbreaks in ethnically highly fractionalized countries robustly coincide with climatic calamities. Although we do not report evidence that climate-related disasters act as direct triggers of armed conflicts, the disruptive nature of these events seems to play out in ethnically fractionalized societies in a particularly tragic way. This observation has important implications for future security policies as several of the world's most conflict-prone regions, including North and Central Africa as well as Central Asia, are both exceptionally vulnerable to anthropogenic climate change and characterized by deep ethnic divides.
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39
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Assaf D, Amar E, Marwan N, Neuman Y, Salai M, Rath E. Dynamic Patterns of Expertise: The Case of Orthopedic Medical Diagnosis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158820. [PMID: 27414794 PMCID: PMC4945032 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze dynamic patterns for scanning femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) radiographs in orthopedics, in order to better understand the nature of expertise in radiography. Seven orthopedics residents with at least two years of expertise and seven board-certified orthopedists participated in the study. The participants were asked to diagnose 15 anteroposterior (AP) pelvis radiographs of 15 surgical patients, diagnosed with FAI syndrome. Eye tracking data were recorded using the SMI desk-mounted tracker and were analyzed using advanced measures and methodologies, mainly recurrence quantification analysis. The expert orthopedists presented a less predictable pattern of scanning the radiographs although there was no difference between experts and non-experts in the deterministic nature of their scan path. In addition, the experts presented a higher percentage of correct areas of focus and more quickly made their first comparison between symmetric regions of the pelvis. We contribute to the understanding of experts’ process of diagnosis by showing that experts are qualitatively different from residents in their scanning patterns. The dynamic pattern of scanning that characterizes the experts was found to have a more complex and less predictable signature, meaning that experts’ scanning is simultaneously both structured (i.e. deterministic) and unpredictable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Assaf
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eyal Amar
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Orthopedics Division, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, 6 Weizmann Street, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Norbert Marwan
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Yair Neuman
- Department of Education, Homeland Security Institute, Center for the Study of Conversion and Inter-Religious Encounters, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Moshe Salai
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Orthopedics Division, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, 6 Weizmann Street, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ehud Rath
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Orthopedics Division, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, 6 Weizmann Street, Tel Aviv, Israel
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40
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Complex network analysis of phase dynamics underlying oil-water two-phase flows. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28151. [PMID: 27306101 PMCID: PMC4910115 DOI: 10.1038/srep28151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Characterizing the complicated flow behaviors arising from high water cut and low velocity oil-water flows is an important problem of significant challenge. We design a high-speed cycle motivation conductance sensor and carry out experiments for measuring the local flow information from different oil-in-water flow patterns. We first use multivariate time-frequency analysis to probe the typical features of three flow patterns from the perspective of energy and frequency. Then we infer complex networks from multi-channel measurements in terms of phase lag index, aiming to uncovering the phase dynamics governing the transition and evolution of different oil-in-water flow patterns. In particular, we employ spectral radius and weighted clustering coefficient entropy to characterize the derived unweighted and weighted networks and the results indicate that our approach yields quantitative insights into the phase dynamics underlying the high water cut and low velocity oil-water flows.
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41
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Siegmund JF, Sanders TGM, Heinrich I, van der Maaten E, Simard S, Helle G, Donner RV. Meteorological Drivers of Extremes in Daily Stem Radius Variations of Beech, Oak, and Pine in Northeastern Germany: An Event Coincidence Analysis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:733. [PMID: 27375625 PMCID: PMC4891350 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Observed recent and expected future increases in frequency and intensity of climatic extremes in central Europe may pose critical challenges for domestic tree species. Continuous dendrometer recordings provide a valuable source of information on tree stem radius variations, offering the possibility to study a tree's response to environmental influences at a high temporal resolution. In this study, we analyze stem radius variations (SRV) of three domestic tree species (beech, oak, and pine) from 2012 to 2014. We use the novel statistical approach of event coincidence analysis (ECA) to investigate the simultaneous occurrence of extreme daily weather conditions and extreme SRVs, where extremes are defined with respect to the common values at a given phase of the annual growth period. Besides defining extreme events based on individual meteorological variables, we additionally introduce conditional and joint ECA as new multivariate extensions of the original methodology and apply them for testing 105 different combinations of variables regarding their impact on SRV extremes. Our results reveal a strong susceptibility of all three species to the extremes of several meteorological variables. Yet, the inter-species differences regarding their response to the meteorological extremes are comparatively low. The obtained results provide a thorough extension of previous correlation-based studies by emphasizing on the timings of climatic extremes only. We suggest that the employed methodological approach should be further promoted in forest research regarding the investigation of tree responses to changing environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonatan F. Siegmund
- Research Domain IV—Transdisciplinary Concepts and Methods, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact ResearchPotsdam, Germany
- Institute of Earth and Environmental Science, University of PotsdamPotsdam, Germany
| | | | - Ingo Heinrich
- Department 5 Geoarchives, Helmholtz Centre Potsdam, GFZ German Research Centre for GeosciencesPotsdam, Germany
| | - Ernst van der Maaten
- Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University of GreifswaldGreifswald, Germany
| | - Sonia Simard
- Department 5 Geoarchives, Helmholtz Centre Potsdam, GFZ German Research Centre for GeosciencesPotsdam, Germany
| | - Gerhard Helle
- Department 5 Geoarchives, Helmholtz Centre Potsdam, GFZ German Research Centre for GeosciencesPotsdam, Germany
| | - Reik V. Donner
- Research Domain IV—Transdisciplinary Concepts and Methods, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact ResearchPotsdam, Germany
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42
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Gao ZK, Yang YX, Cai Q, Zhang SS, Jin ND. Multivariate weighted recurrence network inference for uncovering oil-water transitional flow behavior in a vertical pipe. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2016; 26:063117. [PMID: 27368782 DOI: 10.1063/1.4954271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Exploring the dynamical behaviors of high water cut and low velocity oil-water flows remains a contemporary and challenging problem of significant importance. This challenge stimulates us to design a high-speed cycle motivation conductance sensor to capture spatial local flow information. We systematically carry out experiments and acquire the multi-channel measurements from different oil-water flow patterns. Then we develop a novel multivariate weighted recurrence network for uncovering the flow behaviors from multi-channel measurements. In particular, we exploit graph energy and weighted clustering coefficient in combination with multivariate time-frequency analysis to characterize the derived complex networks. The results indicate that the network measures are very sensitive to the flow transitions and allow uncovering local dynamical behaviors associated with water cut and flow velocity. These properties render our method particularly useful for quantitatively characterizing dynamical behaviors governing the transition and evolution of different oil-water flow patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Ke Gao
- School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yu-Xuan Yang
- School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Qing Cai
- School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Shan-Shan Zhang
- School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ning-De Jin
- School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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43
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Zou Y, Donner RV, Thiel M, Kurths J. Disentangling regular and chaotic motion in the standard map using complex network analysis of recurrences in phase space. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2016; 26:023120. [PMID: 26931601 DOI: 10.1063/1.4942584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Recurrence in the phase space of complex systems is a well-studied phenomenon, which has provided deep insights into the nonlinear dynamics of such systems. For dissipative systems, characteristics based on recurrence plots have recently attracted much interest for discriminating qualitatively different types of dynamics in terms of measures of complexity, dynamical invariants, or even structural characteristics of the underlying attractor's geometry in phase space. Here, we demonstrate that the latter approach also provides a corresponding distinction between different co-existing dynamical regimes of the standard map, a paradigmatic example of a low-dimensional conservative system. Specifically, we show that the recently developed approach of recurrence network analysis provides potentially useful geometric characteristics distinguishing between regular and chaotic orbits. We find that chaotic orbits in an intermittent laminar phase (commonly referred to as sticky orbits) have a distinct geometric structure possibly differing in a subtle way from those of regular orbits, which is highlighted by different recurrence network properties obtained from relatively short time series. Thus, this approach can help discriminating regular orbits from laminar phases of chaotic ones, which presents a persistent challenge to many existing chaos detection techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zou
- Department of Physics, East China Normal University, 200062 Shanghai, China
| | - Reik V Donner
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, P. O. Box 60 12 03, 14412 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Marco Thiel
- Institute for Complex Systems and Mathematical Biology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB243UE, United Kingdom
| | - Jürgen Kurths
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, P. O. Box 60 12 03, 14412 Potsdam, Germany
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44
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Dool SE, Puechmaille SJ, Foley NM, Allegrini B, Bastian A, Mutumi GL, Maluleke TG, Odendaal LJ, Teeling EC, Jacobs DS. Nuclear introns outperform mitochondrial DNA in inter-specific phylogenetic reconstruction: Lessons from horseshoe bats (Rhinolophidae: Chiroptera). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2016; 97:196-212. [PMID: 26826601 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Despite many studies illustrating the perils of utilising mitochondrial DNA in phylogenetic studies, it remains one of the most widely used genetic markers for this purpose. Over the last decade, nuclear introns have been proposed as alternative markers for phylogenetic reconstruction. However, the resolution capabilities of mtDNA and nuclear introns have rarely been quantified and compared. In the current study we generated a novel ∼5kb dataset comprising six nuclear introns and a mtDNA fragment. We assessed the relative resolution capabilities of the six intronic fragments with respect to each other, when used in various combinations together, and when compared to the traditionally used mtDNA. We focused on a major clade in the horseshoe bat family (Afro-Palaearctic clade; Rhinolophidae) as our case study. This old, widely distributed and speciose group contains a high level of conserved morphology. This morphological stasis renders the reconstruction of the phylogeny of this group with traditional morphological characters complex. We sampled multiple individuals per species to represent their geographic distributions as best as possible (122 individuals, 24 species, 68 localities). We reconstructed the species phylogeny using several complementary methods (partitioned Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian and Bayesian multispecies-coalescent) and made inferences based on consensus across these methods. We computed pairwise comparisons based on Robinson-Foulds tree distance metric between all Bayesian topologies generated (27,000) for every gene(s) and visualised the tree space using multidimensional scaling (MDS) plots. Using our supported species phylogeny we estimated the ancestral state of key traits of interest within this group, e.g. echolocation peak frequency which has been implicated in speciation. Our results revealed many potential cryptic species within this group, even in taxa where this was not suspected a priori and also found evidence for mtDNA introgression. We demonstrated that by using just two introns one can recover a better supported species tree than when using the mtDNA alone, despite the shorter overall length of the combined introns. Additionally, when combining any single intron with mtDNA, we showed that the result is highly similar to the mtDNA gene tree and far from the true species tree and therefore this approach should be avoided. We caution against the indiscriminate use of mtDNA in phylogenetic studies and advocate for pilot studies to select nuclear introns. The selection of marker type and number is a crucial step that is best based on critical examination of preliminary or previously published data. Based on our findings and previous publications, we recommend the following markers to recover phylogenetic relationships between recently diverged taxa (<20 My) in bats and other mammals: ACOX2, COPS7A, BGN, ROGDI and STAT5A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena E Dool
- Department of Biological Sciences, Animal Evolution and Systematics Group, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Zoological Institute and Museum, University of Greifswald, Soldmann-Straße 14, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Sebastien J Puechmaille
- Zoological Institute and Museum, University of Greifswald, Soldmann-Straße 14, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany; Midi-Pyrénées bat group (CREN-GCMP), Toulouse, France; School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Nicole M Foley
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | | | - Anna Bastian
- Department of Biological Sciences, Animal Evolution and Systematics Group, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Gregory L Mutumi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Animal Evolution and Systematics Group, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Tinyiko G Maluleke
- Department of Biological Sciences, Animal Evolution and Systematics Group, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Lizelle J Odendaal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Animal Evolution and Systematics Group, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Emma C Teeling
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - David S Jacobs
- Department of Biological Sciences, Animal Evolution and Systematics Group, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
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45
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Christodoulou L, Kabiraj L, Saurabh A, Karimi N. Characterizing the signature of flame flashback precursor through recurrence analysis. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2016; 26:013110. [PMID: 26826862 DOI: 10.1063/1.4940154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, it is shown that prior to flashback, small dynamical changes appear in the system. These changes appear as a drift in the recurrence plots and are found to be associated with a gradual increase in the determinism and recurrence rate. Thus, this study indicates that precursors to flame flashback exist and can be detected in the multidimensional phase space reconstructed from pressure measurements acquired during flashback. This observation could have broad academic as well as industrial implications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lipika Kabiraj
- Hermann Föttinger Institute, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Aditya Saurabh
- Hermann Föttinger Institute, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nader Karimi
- School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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Subramaniyam NP, Donges JF, Hyttinen J. Signatures of chaotic and stochastic dynamics uncovered with
ε
-recurrence networks. Proc Math Phys Eng Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2015.0349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
An old and important problem in the field of nonlinear time-series analysis entails the distinction between chaotic and stochastic dynamics. Recently,
ε
-recurrence networks have been proposed as a tool to analyse the structural properties of a time series. In this paper, we propose the applicability of local and global
ε
-recurrence network measures to distinguish between chaotic and stochastic dynamics using paradigmatic model systems such as the Lorenz system, and the chaotic and hyper-chaotic Rössler system. We also demonstrate the effect of increasing levels of noise on these network measures and provide a real-world application of analysing electroencephalographic data comprising epileptic seizures. Our results show that both local and global
ε
-recurrence network measures are sensitive to the presence of unstable periodic orbits and other structural features associated with chaotic dynamics that are otherwise absent in stochastic dynamics. These network measures are still robust at high noise levels and short data lengths. Furthermore,
ε
-recurrence network analysis of the real-world epileptic data revealed the capability of these network measures in capturing dynamical transitions using short window sizes.
ε
-recurrence network analysis is a powerful method in uncovering the signatures of chaotic and stochastic dynamics based on the geometrical properties of time series.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. P. Subramaniyam
- Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland
- BioMediTech, Tampere, Finland
| | - J. F. Donges
- Earth System Analysis, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Potsdam, Germany
- Planetary Boundary Research Lab, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J. Hyttinen
- Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland
- BioMediTech, Tampere, Finland
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47
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Donges JF, Heitzig J, Beronov B, Wiedermann M, Runge J, Feng QY, Tupikina L, Stolbova V, Donner RV, Marwan N, Dijkstra HA, Kurths J. Unified functional network and nonlinear time series analysis for complex systems science: The pyunicorn package. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2015; 25:113101. [PMID: 26627561 DOI: 10.1063/1.4934554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We introduce the pyunicorn (Pythonic unified complex network and recurrence analysis toolbox) open source software package for applying and combining modern methods of data analysis and modeling from complex network theory and nonlinear time series analysis. pyunicorn is a fully object-oriented and easily parallelizable package written in the language Python. It allows for the construction of functional networks such as climate networks in climatology or functional brain networks in neuroscience representing the structure of statistical interrelationships in large data sets of time series and, subsequently, investigating this structure using advanced methods of complex network theory such as measures and models for spatial networks, networks of interacting networks, node-weighted statistics, or network surrogates. Additionally, pyunicorn provides insights into the nonlinear dynamics of complex systems as recorded in uni- and multivariate time series from a non-traditional perspective by means of recurrence quantification analysis, recurrence networks, visibility graphs, and construction of surrogate time series. The range of possible applications of the library is outlined, drawing on several examples mainly from the field of climatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan F Donges
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, P.O. Box 601203, D-14412 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Jobst Heitzig
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, P.O. Box 601203, D-14412 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Boyan Beronov
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, P.O. Box 601203, D-14412 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Marc Wiedermann
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, P.O. Box 601203, D-14412 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Jakob Runge
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, P.O. Box 601203, D-14412 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Qing Yi Feng
- Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research Utrecht (IMAU), Department of Physics and Astronomy, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Liubov Tupikina
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, P.O. Box 601203, D-14412 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Veronika Stolbova
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, P.O. Box 601203, D-14412 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Reik V Donner
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, P.O. Box 601203, D-14412 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Norbert Marwan
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, P.O. Box 601203, D-14412 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Henk A Dijkstra
- Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research Utrecht (IMAU), Department of Physics and Astronomy, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jürgen Kurths
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, P.O. Box 601203, D-14412 Potsdam, Germany
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48
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Potts R, Faith JT. Alternating high and low climate variability: The context of natural selection and speciation in Plio-Pleistocene hominin evolution. J Hum Evol 2015; 87:5-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2015.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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49
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Marwan N, Kurths J. Complex network based techniques to identify extreme events and (sudden) transitions in spatio-temporal systems. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2015; 25:097609. [PMID: 26428562 DOI: 10.1063/1.4916924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We present here two promising techniques for the application of the complex network approach to continuous spatio-temporal systems that have been developed in the last decade and show large potential for future application and development of complex systems analysis. First, we discuss the transforming of a time series from such systems to a complex network. The natural approach is to calculate the recurrence matrix and interpret such as the adjacency matrix of an associated complex network, called recurrence network. Using complex network measures, such as transitivity coefficient, we demonstrate that this approach is very efficient for identifying qualitative transitions in observational data, e.g., when analyzing paleoclimate regime transitions. Second, we demonstrate the use of directed spatial networks constructed from spatio-temporal measurements of such systems that can be derived from the synchronized-in-time occurrence of extreme events in different spatial regions. Although there are many possibilities to investigate such spatial networks, we present here the new measure of network divergence and how it can be used to develop a prediction scheme of extreme rainfall events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Marwan
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, 14412 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Jürgen Kurths
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, 14412 Potsdam, Germany
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50
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Quinn RL. Influence of Plio-Pleistocene basin hydrology on the Turkana hominin enamel carbonate δ(18)O values. J Hum Evol 2015; 86:13-31. [PMID: 26277306 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2015.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Stable oxygen isotopes of hominin enamel carbonate (δ(18)OEC) provide a window into aspects of past drinking behavior and diet, body size, breastfeeding and weaning, mobility, and paleoclimate. It is tempting to compare all hominins across time and space in order to gauge species-level adaptations to changing environments and niche separation between those living sympatrically. Basinal, sub-basinal, and micro-environmental differences, however, may exert an influence on variation in enamel carbonate isotopic values that must be reconciled before hominin species across Africa can be meaningfully compared. Plio-Pleistocene Turkana hominin δ(18)OEC values show a considerable spread, potentially revealing many intrinsic and extrinsic contributing factors operating on different scales. In this study, I examine Turkana hominin δ(18)OEC values relative to identity (taxon, tooth type and number, body size of taxon), dietary (δ(13)C value, Turkana coeval and modern mammalian δ(18)OEC values), and contextual (time, depositional environment) information of each specimen and collection locality and discuss various potential influences. Turkana hominin δ(18)OEC values may primarily reflect differences in imbibed water sources (lake vs. river) as a function of evolving basin hydrology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhonda L Quinn
- Department of Sociology, Anthropology and Social Work, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ 07079, USA; Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Rutgers University, USA.
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