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Lim JS, Yim YH. Isotope ratios of total C, N, and S in particulate matter simultaneously calibrated by mixed USGS and IAEA reference materials. Talanta 2024; 271:125627. [PMID: 38224657 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.125627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
This study presents a method for calibrating the isotope ratios of the total carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur in particulate matter (PM) collected from the Seoul metro using an elemental analyzer-isotope ratio mass spectrometer (EA-IRMS). Mixtures of isotope reference materials (MRMs) from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) reference materials formed an input dataset for generalized least squares (GLS) regression to yield calibration lines. The analytical method proposed in this study enabled the measurement of stable isotope ratios of total carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur simultaneously. Results showed good linearity and repeatability for carbon and nitrogen isotopes, but poor results for sulfur isotopes due to peak broadening. Reference values with uncertainties for the isotope ratios of total carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur were determined for the collected PM, demonstrating twice as much uncertainty as that of the USGS and IAEA reference materials. Homogeneity was the biggest uncertainty source for the calibrated values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Sik Lim
- Research Center for Climate Metasphere, Korea Research Institute of refers and Science (KRISS), Gajeong-ro 267, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea; Science of Measurement, University of Science and Technology (UST), Gajeong-ro 217, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yong-Hyeon Yim
- Science of Measurement, University of Science and Technology (UST), Gajeong-ro 217, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea; Inorganic Metrology Group, Korea Research Institute of refers and Science (KRISS), Gajeong-ro 267, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
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Zhang Z, Zang Z, Guo J, Li M, Na H, Zheng R. High-Temporal-Resolution In Situ Sensor for Oceanic CO 2 Isotope Measurement Enabling Multidimensional Isotope Tracing Analysis (R 13C, R 18O, and R 17O) via Laser Absorption Spectroscopy. Anal Chem 2024; 96:1195-1204. [PMID: 38189664 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c04357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Combined in situ analysis of oceanic CO2 concentrations and diverse C and O isotope characteristics can offer a unique perspective with multiple isotopic tracing dimensions for identifying marine biogeochemical processes. Applying this strategy in marine environments is urgently required, yet it faces inherent challenges in terms of existing analytical methods and instruments, e.g., a lack of in situ sensors, limited detectable isotope variety, and low-temporal-resolution data. Here, we report an underwater in situ dissolved CO2 isotope sensor based on mid-infrared tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (MIR-TDLAS) and membrane extraction technology. Through the proposed targeted strategies, the sensor is capable of providing high-temporal-resolution in situ measurement of all monosubstituted isotopes of dissolved CO2 (16O13C16O, 18O12C16O, and 17O12C16O) at marine background concentrations. The sensor is demonstrated to provide comparable precision to that of isotope ratio mass spectrometry. At 400 ppmv, the precision for R13C, R18O, and R17O could achieve 0.084, 0.042, and 0.013‰, respectively, for a 1 s integration time. By enabling a high-frequency in situ analysis in fixed-point time-series field deployment, a 17O anomaly with strong regularity is observed, which is not obvious in 18O and 13C, and therefore, the superiority of the proposed multidimensional in situ isotope tracing strategy is demonstrated. The developed sensor has great potential to open up new prospects for advancing marine carbon research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Zhang
- Faculty of Information Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Zixi Zang
- Faculty of Information Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Jinjia Guo
- Faculty of Information Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Meng Li
- Faculty of Information Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Hui Na
- Faculty of Information Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Ronger Zheng
- Faculty of Information Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
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3
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Yang JW, Brandon M, Landais A, Duchamp-Alphonse S, Blunier T, Prié F, Extier T. Global biosphere primary productivity changes during the past eight glacial cycles. Science 2022; 375:1145-1151. [PMID: 35271325 DOI: 10.1126/science.abj8826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Global biosphere productivity is the largest uptake flux of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), and it plays an important role in past and future carbon cycles. However, global estimation of biosphere productivity remains a challenge. Using the ancient air enclosed in polar ice cores, we present the first 800,000-year record of triple isotopic ratios of atmospheric oxygen, which reflects past global biosphere productivity. We observe that global biosphere productivity in the past eight glacial intervals was lower than that in the preindustrial era and that, in most cases, it starts to increase millennia before deglaciations. Both variations occur concomitantly with CO2 changes, implying a dominant control of CO2 on global biosphere productivity that supports a pervasive negative feedback under the glacial climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Woong Yang
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement/Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace, Université Paris Saclay/CEA/CNRS/UVSQ, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Margaux Brandon
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement/Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace, Université Paris Saclay/CEA/CNRS/UVSQ, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.,Géosciences Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Amaëlle Landais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement/Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace, Université Paris Saclay/CEA/CNRS/UVSQ, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - Thomas Blunier
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, København N, Denmark
| | - Frédéric Prié
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement/Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace, Université Paris Saclay/CEA/CNRS/UVSQ, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Thomas Extier
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement/Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace, Université Paris Saclay/CEA/CNRS/UVSQ, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Buchachenko AL, Bukhvostov AA, Ermakov KV, Kuznetsov DA. A specific role of magnetic isotopes in biological and ecological systems. Physics and biophysics beyond. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 155:1-19. [PMID: 32224188 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2020.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The great diversity of molecular processes in chemistry, physics, and biology exhibits universal property: they are controlled by powerful factor, angular momentum. Conservation of angular momentum (electron spin) is a fundamental and universal principle: all molecular processes are spin selective, they are allowed only for those spin states of reactants whose total spin is identical to that of products. Magnetic catalysis induced by magnetic interactions is a powerful and universal means to overcome spin prohibition and to control physical, chemical and biochemical processes. Contributing almost nothing in total energy, being negligibly small, magnetic interactions are the only ones which are able to change electron spin of reactants and switch over the processes between spin-allowed and spin-forbidden channels, controlling pathways and chemical reactivity in molecular processes. The main source of magnetic and electromagnetic effects in biological systems is now generally accepted and demonstrated in this paper to be radical pair mechanism which implies pairwise generation of radicals in biochemical reactions. This mechanism was convincingly established for enzymatic adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and desoxynucleic acid (DNA) synthesis by using catalyzing metal ions with magnetic nuclei (25Mg, 43Ca, 67Zn) and supported by magnetic field effects on these reactions. The mechanism, is shown to function in medicine as a medical remedy or technology (trans-cranial magnetic stimulation, nuclear magnetic control of the ATP synthesis in heart muscle, the killing of cancer cells by suppression of DNA synthesis). However, the majority of magnetic effects in biology remain to be irreproducible, contradictory, and enigmatic. Three sources of such a state are shown in this paper to be: the presence of paramagnetic metal ions as a component of enzymatic site or as an impurity in an uncontrollable amount; the property of the radical pair mechanism to function at a rather high concentration of catalyzing metal ions, when at least two ions enter into the catalytic site; and the kinetic restrictions, which imply compatibility of chemical and spin dynamics in radical pair. The purpose of the paper is to analyze the reliable sources of magnetic effects, to elucidate the reasons of their inconsistency, to show how and at what conditions magnetic effects exhibit themselves and how they may be controlled, switched on and off, taking into account not only biological and madical but some geophysical and environmental aspects as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoly L Buchachenko
- Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation; Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432, Chernogolovka, Russian Federation; Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432, Chernogolovka, Russian Federation; Moscow State University, 119992, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | | | - Kirill V Ermakov
- Russian National Research Medical University, 119997, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry A Kuznetsov
- Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation; Russian National Research Medical University, 119997, Moscow, Russian Federation.
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Adnew GA, Hofmann ME, Paul D, Laskar A, Surma J, Albrecht N, Pack A, Schwieters J, Koren G, Peters W, Röckmann T. Determination of the triple oxygen and carbon isotopic composition of CO 2 from atomic ion fragments formed in the ion source of the 253 Ultra high-resolution isotope ratio mass spectrometer. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2019; 33:1363-1380. [PMID: 31063233 PMCID: PMC6771542 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Determination of δ17 O values directly from CO2 with traditional gas source isotope ratio mass spectrometry is not possible due to isobaric interference of 13 C16 O16 O on 12 C17 O16 O. The methods developed so far use either chemical conversion or isotope equilibration to determine the δ17 O value of CO2 . In addition, δ13 C measurements require correction for the interference from 12 C17 O16 O on 13 C16 O16 O since it is not possible to resolve the two isotopologues. METHODS We present a technique to determine the δ17 O, δ18 O and δ13 C values of CO2 from the fragment ions that are formed upon electron ionization in the ion source of the Thermo Scientific 253 Ultra high-resolution isotope ratio mass spectrometer (hereafter 253 Ultra). The new technique is compared with the CO2 -O2 exchange method and the 17 O-correction algorithm for δ17 O and δ13 C values, respectively. RESULTS The scale contractions for δ13 C and δ18 O values are slightly larger for fragment ion measurements than for molecular ion measurements. The δ17 O and Δ17 O values of CO2 can be measured on the 17 O+ fragment with an internal error that is a factor 1-2 above the counting statistics limit. The ultimate precision depends on the signal intensity and on the total time that the 17 O+ beam is monitored; a precision of 14 ppm (parts per million) (standard error of the mean) was achieved in 20 hours at the University of Göttingen. The Δ17 O measurements with the O-fragment method agree with the CO2 -O2 exchange method over a range of Δ17 O values of -0.3 to +0.7‰. CONCLUSIONS Isotope measurements on atom fragment ions of CO2 can be used as an alternative method to determine the carbon and oxygen isotopic composition of CO2 without chemical processing or corrections for mass interferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Getachew A. Adnew
- Institute for Marine and Atmospheric research Utrecht (IMAU)Utrecht UniversityThe Netherlands
| | - Magdalena E.G. Hofmann
- Institute for Marine and Atmospheric research Utrecht (IMAU)Utrecht UniversityThe Netherlands
| | - Dipayan Paul
- Institute for Marine and Atmospheric research Utrecht (IMAU)Utrecht UniversityThe Netherlands
- Centre for Isotope ResearchUniversity of GroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Amzad Laskar
- Institute for Marine and Atmospheric research Utrecht (IMAU)Utrecht UniversityThe Netherlands
| | - Jakub Surma
- Geoscience Center GöttingenGeorg‐August‐University GöttingenGermany
| | - Nina Albrecht
- Geoscience Center GöttingenGeorg‐August‐University GöttingenGermany
| | - Andreas Pack
- Geoscience Center GöttingenGeorg‐August‐University GöttingenGermany
| | | | - Gerbrand Koren
- Department of Meteorology and Air QualityWageningen UniversityThe Netherlands
| | - Wouter Peters
- Centre for Isotope ResearchUniversity of GroningenThe Netherlands
- Department of Meteorology and Air QualityWageningen UniversityThe Netherlands
| | - Thomas Röckmann
- Institute for Marine and Atmospheric research Utrecht (IMAU)Utrecht UniversityThe Netherlands
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6
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Koren G, Schneider L, van der Velde IR, van Schaik E, Gromov SS, Adnew GA, Mrozek Martino DJ, Hofmann MEG, Liang M, Mahata S, Bergamaschi P, van der Laan‐Luijkx IT, Krol MC, Röckmann T, Peters W. Global 3-D Simulations of the Triple Oxygen Isotope Signature Δ 17O in Atmospheric CO 2. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. ATMOSPHERES : JGR 2019; 124:8808-8836. [PMID: 31598450 PMCID: PMC6774299 DOI: 10.1029/2019jd030387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The triple oxygen isotope signature Δ17O in atmospheric CO2, also known as its "17O excess," has been proposed as a tracer for gross primary production (the gross uptake of CO2 by vegetation through photosynthesis). We present the first global 3-D model simulations for Δ17O in atmospheric CO2 together with a detailed model description and sensitivity analyses. In our 3-D model framework we include the stratospheric source of Δ17O in CO2 and the surface sinks from vegetation, soils, ocean, biomass burning, and fossil fuel combustion. The effect of oxidation of atmospheric CO on Δ17O in CO2 is also included in our model. We estimate that the global mean Δ17O (defined as Δ 17 O = ln ( δ 17 O + 1 ) - λ RL · ln ( δ 18 O + 1 ) with λ RL = 0.5229) of CO2 in the lowest 500 m of the atmosphere is 39.6 per meg, which is ∼20 per meg lower than estimates from existing box models. We compare our model results with a measured stratospheric Δ17O in CO2 profile from Sodankylä (Finland), which shows good agreement. In addition, we compare our model results with tropospheric measurements of Δ17O in CO2 from Göttingen (Germany) and Taipei (Taiwan), which shows some agreement but we also find substantial discrepancies that are subsequently discussed. Finally, we show model results for Zotino (Russia), Mauna Loa (United States), Manaus (Brazil), and South Pole, which we propose as possible locations for future measurements of Δ17O in tropospheric CO2 that can help to further increase our understanding of the global budget of Δ17O in atmospheric CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerbrand Koren
- Meteorology and Air Quality GroupWageningen University & ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Linda Schneider
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK‐TRO)Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyKarlsruheGermany
- Now at Zentrum für Sonnenenergie‐ und Wasserstoff‐Forschung Baden‐Württemberg (ZSW)StuttgartGermany
| | - Ivar R. van der Velde
- Earth System Research LaboratoryNational Oceanic and Atmospheric AdministrationBoulderCOUSA
- Now at Faculty of ScienceVU University AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Erik van Schaik
- Meteorology and Air Quality GroupWageningen University & ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Sergey S. Gromov
- Atmospheric Chemistry DepartmentMax‐Planck Institute for ChemistryMainzGermany
- Institute of Global Climate and Ecology of Roshydromet and RASMoscowRussia
| | - Getachew A. Adnew
- Institute of Marine and Atmospheric ResearchUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | | | - Magdalena E. G. Hofmann
- Institute of Marine and Atmospheric ResearchUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Now at Picarro B.V. 's‐HertogenboschThe Netherlands
| | | | - Sasadhar Mahata
- Institute of Global Environmental ChangeXian Jiaotong UniversityXianChina
| | | | | | - Maarten C. Krol
- Meteorology and Air Quality GroupWageningen University & ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
- Institute of Marine and Atmospheric ResearchUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Thomas Röckmann
- Institute of Marine and Atmospheric ResearchUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Wouter Peters
- Meteorology and Air Quality GroupWageningen University & ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
- Centre for Isotope ResearchUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
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7
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Warter ML, Gunthardt CE, Wei W, McBane GC, North SW. Nascent O 2 ( a 1Δ g, v = 0, 1) rotational distributions from the photodissociation of jet-cooled O 3 in the Hartley band. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:134309. [PMID: 30292221 DOI: 10.1063/1.5051540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We report rotational distributions for the O2 (a 1Δg) fragment from the photodissociation of jet-cooled O3 at 248, 266, and 282 nm. The rotational distributions show a population alternation that favors the even states, as previously reported for a 300 K sample by Valentini et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 86, 6745 (1987)]. The alternation from the jet-cooled precursor is much stronger than that observed by Valentini et al. and in contrast to their observations does not depend strongly on the O2 (a 1Δg) vibrational state or photolysis wavelength. The odd/even alternation diminishes substantially when the ozone beam temperature is increased from 60 to 200 K, confirming its dependence on parent internal energy. The magnitude of the even/odd alternation in product rotational states from the cold ozone sample, its temperature dependence, and other experimental and theoretical evidence reported since 1987 suggest that the alternation originates from a Λ-doublet propensity and not from a mass independent curve crossing effect, as previously proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L Warter
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842, USA
| | - Carolyn E Gunthardt
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842, USA
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842, USA
| | - George C McBane
- Department of Chemistry, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, Michigan 49401, USA
| | - Simon W North
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842, USA
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8
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Buchachenko AL. Mercury Isotopes in Earth and Environmental Chemistry. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990793118040048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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9
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Buchachenko AL. Magnetic isotopes as a means to elucidate Earth and environmental chemistry. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2018. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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10
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Yeung LY, Li S, Kohl IE, Haslun JA, Ostrom NE, Hu H, Fischer TP, Schauble EA, Young ED. Extreme enrichment in atmospheric 15N 15N. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2017; 3:eaao6741. [PMID: 29159288 PMCID: PMC5693561 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aao6741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Molecular nitrogen (N2) comprises three-quarters of Earth's atmosphere and significant portions of other planetary atmospheres. We report a 19 per mil (‰) excess of 15N15N in air relative to a random distribution of nitrogen isotopes, an enrichment that is 10 times larger than what isotopic equilibration in the atmosphere allows. Biological experiments show that the main sources and sinks of N2 yield much smaller proportions of 15N15N in N2. Electrical discharge experiments, however, establish 15N15N excesses of up to +23‰. We argue that 15N15N accumulates in the atmosphere because of gas-phase chemistry in the thermosphere (>100 km altitude) on time scales comparable to those of biological cycling. The atmospheric 15N15N excess therefore reflects a planetary-scale balance of biogeochemical and atmospheric nitrogen chemistry, one that may also exist on other planets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Y. Yeung
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Shuning Li
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
- Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Issaku E. Kohl
- Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Joshua A. Haslun
- Department of Integrative Biology and Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Nathaniel E. Ostrom
- Department of Integrative Biology and Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Huanting Hu
- Department of Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Tobias P. Fischer
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Edwin A. Schauble
- Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Edward D. Young
- Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
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11
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Ndengué S, Dawes R, Wang XG, Carrington T, Sun Z, Guo H. Calculated vibrational states of ozone up to dissociation. J Chem Phys 2016; 144:074302. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4941559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Steve Ndengué
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, USA
| | - Richard Dawes
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, USA
| | - Xiao-Gang Wang
- Chemistry Department, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Tucker Carrington
- Chemistry Department, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Zhigang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Center for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China and Center for Advanced Chemical Physics and 2011 Frontier Center for Quantum Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Hua Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
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12
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Oxygen anomaly in near surface carbon dioxide reveals deep stratospheric intrusion. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11352. [PMID: 26081178 PMCID: PMC4469951 DOI: 10.1038/srep11352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Stratosphere-troposphere exchange could be enhanced by tropopause folding, linked to variability in the subtropical jet stream. Relevant to tropospheric biogeochemistry is irreversible transport from the stratosphere, associated with deep intrusions. Here, oxygen anomalies in near surface air CO2 are used to study the irreversible transport from the stratosphere, where the triple oxygen isotopes of CO2 are distinct from those originating from the Earth’s surface. We show that the oxygen anomaly in CO2 is observable at sea level and the magnitude of the signal increases during the course of our sampling period (September 2013-February 2014), concordant with the strengthening of the subtropical jet system and the East Asia winter monsoon. The trend of the anomaly is found to be 0.1‰/month (R2 = 0.6) during the jet development period in October. Implications for utilizing the oxygen anomaly in CO2 for CO2 biogeochemical cycle study and stratospheric intrusion flux at the surface are discussed.
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13
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Thiemens MH. Introduction to chemistry and applications in nature of mass independent isotope effects special feature. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:17631-7. [PMID: 24167299 PMCID: PMC3816458 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1312926110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Stable isotope ratio variations are regulated by physical and chemical laws. These rules depend on a relation with mass differences between isotopes. New classes of isotope variation effects that deviate from mass dependent laws, termed mass independent isotope effects, were discovered in 1983 and have a wide range of applications in basic chemistry and nature. In this special edition, new applications of these effects to physical chemistry, solar system origin models, terrestrial atmospheric and biogenic evolution, polar paleo climatology, snowball earth geology, and present day atmospheric sciences are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark H. Thiemens
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0356
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