1
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Bury G, Pushkar Y. Insights from Ca 2+→Sr 2+ substitution on the mechanism of O-O bond formation in photosystem II. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2024:10.1007/s11120-024-01117-2. [PMID: 39186214 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-024-01117-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a steady interest in unraveling the intricate mechanistic details of water oxidation mechanism in photosynthesis. Despite the substantial progress made over several decades, a comprehensive understanding of the precise kinetics underlying O-O bond formation and subsequent evolution remains elusive. However, it is well-established that the oxygen evolving complex (OEC), specifically the CaMn4O5 cluster, plays a crucial role in O-O bond formation, undergoing a series of four oxidative events as it progresses through the S-states of the Kok cycle. To gain further insights into the OEC, researchers have explored the substitution of the Ca2+ cofactor with strontium (Sr), the sole atomic replacement capable of retaining oxygen-evolving activity. Empirical investigations utilizing spectroscopic techniques such as XAS, XRD, EPR, FTIR, and XANES have been conducted to probe the structural consequences of Ca2+→Sr2+ substitution. In parallel, the development of DFT and QM/MM computational models has explored different oxidation and protonation states, as well as variations in ligand coordination at the catalytic center involving amino acid residues. In this review, we critically evaluate and integrate these computational and spectroscopic approaches, focusing on the structural and mechanistic implications of Ca2+→Sr2+ substitution in PS II. We contribute DFT modelling and simulate EXAFS Fourier transforms of Sr-substituted OEC, analyzing promising structures of the S3 state. Through the combination of computational modeling and spectroscopic investigations, valuable insights have been gained, developing a deeper understanding of the photosynthetic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Bury
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Yulia Pushkar
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
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2
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Kornowicz A, Pietrzak T, Korona K, Terlecki M, Justyniak I, Kubas A, Lewiński J. Fresh Impetus in the Chemistry of Calcium Peroxides. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:18938-18947. [PMID: 38847558 PMCID: PMC11258691 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c00906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Redox-inactive metal ions are essential in modulating the reactivity of various oxygen-containing metal complexes and metalloenzymes, including photosystem II (PSII). The heart of this unique membrane-protein complex comprises the Mn4CaO5 cluster, in which the Ca2+ ion acts as a critical cofactor in the splitting of water in PSII. However, there is still a lack of studies involving Ca-based reactive oxygen species (ROS) systems, and the exact nature of the interaction between the Ca2+ center and ROS in PSII still generates intense debate. Here, harnessing a novel Ca-TEMPO complex supported by the β-diketiminate ligand to control the activation of O2, we report the isolation and structural characterization of hitherto elusive Ca peroxides, a homometallic Ca hydroperoxide and a heterometallic Ca/K peroxide. Our studies indicate that the presence of K+ cations is a key factor controlling the outcome of the oxygenation reaction of the model Ca-TEMPO complex. Combining experimental observations with computational investigations, we also propose a mechanistic rationalization for the reaction outcomes. The designed approach demonstrates metal-TEMPO complexes as a versatile platform for O2 activation and advances the understanding of Ca/ROS systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkadiusz Kornowicz
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Pietrzak
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzesimir Korona
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Terlecki
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Iwona Justyniak
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adam Kubas
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Janusz Lewiński
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
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3
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Hota PK, Jose A, Panda S, Dunietz EM, Herzog AE, Wojcik L, Le Poul N, Belle C, Solomon EI, Karlin KD. Coordination Variations within Binuclear Copper Dioxygen-Derived (Hydro)Peroxo and Superoxo Species; Influences upon Thermodynamic and Electronic Properties. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:13066-13082. [PMID: 38688016 PMCID: PMC11161030 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c14422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Copper ion is a versatile and ubiquitous facilitator of redox chemical and biochemical processes. These include the binding of molecular oxygen to copper(I) complexes where it undergoes stepwise reduction-protonation. A detailed understanding of thermodynamic relationships between such reduced/protonated states is key to elucidate the fundamentals of the chemical/biochemical processes involved. The dicopper(I) complex [CuI2(BPMPO-)]1+ {BPMPOH = 2,6-bis{[(bis(2-pyridylmethyl)amino]methyl}-4-methylphenol)} undergoes cryogenic dioxygen addition; further manipulations in 2-methyltetrahydrofuran generate dicopper(II) peroxo [CuII2(BPMPO-)(O22-)]1+, hydroperoxo [CuII2(BPMPO-)(-OOH)]2+, and superoxo [CuII2(BPMPO-)(O2•-)]2+ species, characterized by UV-vis, resonance Raman and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopies, and cold spray ionization mass spectrometry. An unexpected EPR spectrum for [CuII2(BPMPO-)(O2•-)]2+ is explained by the analysis of its exchange-coupled three-spin frustrated system and DFT calculations. A redox equilibrium, [CuII2(BPMPO-)(O22-)]1+ ⇄ [CuII2(BPMPO-)(O2•-)]2+, is established utilizing Me8Fc+/Cr(η6-C6H6)2, allowing for [CuII2(BPMPO-)(O2•-)]2+/[CuII2(BPMPO-)(O22-)]1+ reduction potential calculation, E°' = -0.44 ± 0.01 V vs Fc+/0, also confirmed by cryoelectrochemical measurements (E°' = -0.40 ± 0.01 V). 2,6-Lutidinium triflate addition to [CuII2(BPMPO-)(O22-)]1+ produces [CuII2(BPMPO-)(-OOH)]2+; using a phosphazene base, an acid-base equilibrium was achieved, pKa = 22.3 ± 0.7 for [CuII2(BPMPO-)(-OOH)]2+. The BDFEOO-H = 80.3 ± 1.2 kcal/mol, as calculated for [CuII2(BPMPO-)(-OOH)]2+; this is further substantiated by H atom abstraction from O-H substrates by [CuII2(BPMPO-)(O2•-)]2+ forming [CuII2(BPMPO-)(-OOH)]2+. In comparison to known analogues, the thermodynamic and spectroscopic properties of [CuII2(BPMPO-)] O2-derived adducts can be accounted for based on chelate ring size variations built into the BPMPO- framework and the resulting enhanced CuII-ion Lewis acidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradip Kumar Hota
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Anex Jose
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Sanjib Panda
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Eleanor M Dunietz
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Austin E Herzog
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Laurianne Wojcik
- UMR CNRS 6521, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 6 Avenue Le Gorgeu, CS 93837, Brest Cedex 3 29238, France
| | - Nicolas Le Poul
- UMR CNRS 6521, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 6 Avenue Le Gorgeu, CS 93837, Brest Cedex 3 29238, France
| | - Catherine Belle
- Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS, DCM, UMR 5250, Grenoble 38058, France
| | - Edward I Solomon
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Kenneth D Karlin
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
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4
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Alvarez-Hernandez JL, Zhang X, Cui K, Deziel AP, Hammes-Schiffer S, Hazari N, Piekut N, Zhong M. Long-range electrostatic effects from intramolecular Lewis acid binding influence the redox properties of cobalt-porphyrin complexes. Chem Sci 2024; 15:6800-6815. [PMID: 38725508 PMCID: PMC11077573 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06177a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
A CoII-porphyrin complex (1) with an appended aza-crown ether for Lewis acid (LA) binding was synthesized and characterized. NMR spectroscopy and electrochemistry show that cationic group I and II LAs (i.e., Li+, Na+, K+, Ca2+, Sr2+, and Ba2+) bind to the aza-crown ether group of 1. The binding constant for Li+ is comparable to that observed for a free aza-crown ether. LA binding causes an anodic shift in the CoII/CoI couple of between 10 and 40 mV and also impacts the CoIII/CoII couple. The magnitude of the anodic shift of the CoII/CoI couple varies linearly with the strength of the LA as determined by the pKa of the corresponding metal-aqua complex, with dications giving larger shifts than monocations. The extent of the anodic shift of the CoII/CoI couple also increases as the ionic strength of the solution decreases. This is consistent with electric field effects being responsible for the changes in the redox properties of 1 upon LA binding and provides a novel method to tune the reduction potential. Density functional theory calculations indicate that the bound LA is 5.6 to 6.8 Å away from the CoII ion, demonstrating that long-range electrostatic effects, which do not involve changes to the primary coordination sphere, are responsible for the variations in redox chemistry. Compound 1 was investigated as a CO2 reduction electrocatalyst and shows high activity but rapid decomposition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University New Haven CT 06520 USA
| | - Kai Cui
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University Princeton NJ 08544 USA
| | | | | | - Nilay Hazari
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University New Haven CT 06520 USA
| | - Nicole Piekut
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University New Haven CT 06520 USA
| | - Mingjiang Zhong
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University New Haven CT 06520 USA
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5
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Semin B, Loktyushkin A, Lovyagina E. Current analysis of cations substitution in the oxygen-evolving complex of photosystem II. Biophys Rev 2024; 16:237-247. [PMID: 38737202 PMCID: PMC11078907 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-024-01186-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Water oxidation in photosystem II (PSII) is performed by the oxygen-evolving complex Mn4CaO5 which can be extracted from PSII and then reconstructed using exogenous cations Mn(II) and Ca2+. The binding efficiency of other cations to the Mn-binding sites in Mn-depleted PSII was investigated without any positive results. At the same time, a study of the Fe cations interaction with Mn-binding sites showed that it binds at a level comparable with the binding of Mn cations. Binding of Fe(II) cations first requires its light-dependent oxidation. In general, the interaction of Fe(II) with Mn-depleted PSII has a number of features similar to the two-quantum model of photoactivation of the complex with the release of oxygen. Interestingly, incubation of Ca-depleted PSII with Fe(II) cations under certain conditions is accompanied by the formation of a chimeric cluster Mn/Fe in the oxygen-evolving complex. PSII with the cluster 2Mn2Fe was found to be capable of water oxidation, but only to the H2O2 intermediate. However, the cluster 3Mn1Fe can oxidize water to O2 with an efficiency about 25% of the original in the absence of extrinsic proteins PsbQ and PsbP. In the presence of these proteins, the efficiency of O2 evolution can reach 80% of the original when adding exogenous Ca2+. In this review, we summarized information on the formation of chimeric Mn-Fe clusters in the oxygen-evolving complex. The data cited may be useful for detailing the mechanism of water oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Semin
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia 119234
| | - Aleksey Loktyushkin
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia 119234
| | - Elena Lovyagina
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia 119234
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6
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Lionetti D, Suseno S, Shiau AA, de Ruiter G, Agapie T. Redox Processes Involving Oxygen: The Surprising Influence of Redox-Inactive Lewis Acids. JACS AU 2024; 4:344-368. [PMID: 38425928 PMCID: PMC10900226 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Metalloenzymes with heteromultimetallic active sites perform chemical reactions that control several biogeochemical cycles. Transformations catalyzed by such enzymes include dioxygen generation and reduction, dinitrogen reduction, and carbon dioxide reduction-instrumental transformations for progress in the context of artificial photosynthesis and sustainable fertilizer production. While the roles of the respective metals are of interest in all these enzymatic transformations, they share a common factor in the transfer of one or multiple redox equivalents. In light of this feature, it is surprising to find that incorporation of redox-inactive metals into the active site of such an enzyme is critical to its function. To illustrate, the presence of a redox-inactive Ca2+ center is crucial in the Oxygen Evolving Complex, and yet particularly intriguing given that the transformation catalyzed by this cluster is a redox process involving four electrons. Therefore, the effects of redox inactive metals on redox processes-electron transfer, oxygen- and hydrogen-atom transfer, and O-O bond cleavage and formation reactions-mediated by transition metals have been studied extensively. Significant effects of redox inactive metals have been observed on these redox transformations; linear free energy correlations between Lewis acidity and the redox properties of synthetic model complexes are observed for several reactions. In this Perspective, these effects and their relevance to multielectron processes will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sandy Suseno
- Division of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, California Institute
of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, MC 127-72, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Angela A. Shiau
- Division of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, California Institute
of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, MC 127-72, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Graham de Ruiter
- Division of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, California Institute
of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, MC 127-72, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Theodor Agapie
- Division of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering, California Institute
of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, MC 127-72, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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7
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Juda CE, Casaday CE, Clarke RM, Litak NP, Campbell BM, Chang T, Zheng SL, Chen YS, Betley TA. Lewis Acid Supported Nickel Nitrenoids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202313156. [PMID: 37830508 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202313156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Metalation of the polynucleating ligand F,tbs LH6 (1,3,5-C6 H9 (NC6 H3 -4-F-2-NSiMe2 t Bu)3 ) with two equivalents of Zn(N(SiMe3 )2 )2 affords the dinuclear product (F,tbs LH2 )Zn2 (1), which can be further deprotonated to yield (F,tbs L)Zn2 Li2 (OEt2 )4 (2). Transmetalation of 2 with NiCl2 (py)2 yields the heterometallic, trinuclear cluster (F,tbs L)Zn2 Ni(py) (3). Reduction of 3 with KC8 affords [KC222 ][(F,tbs L)Zn2 Ni] (4) which features a monovalent Ni centre. Addition of 1-adamantyl azide to 4 generates the bridging μ3 -nitrenoid adduct [K(THF)3 ][(F,tbs L)Zn2 Ni(μ3 -NAd)] (5). EPR spectroscopy reveals that the anionic cluster possesses a doublet ground state (S =1 / 2 ${{ 1/2 }}$ ). Cyclic voltammetry of 5 reveals two fully reversible redox events. The dianionic nitrenoid [K2 (THF)9 ][(F,tbs L)Zn2 Ni(μ3 -NAd)] (6) was isolated and characterized while the neutral redox isomer was observed to undergo both intra- and intermolecular H-atom abstraction processes. Ni K-edge XAS studies suggest a divalent oxidation state for the Ni centres in both the monoanionic and dianionic [Zn2 Ni] nitrenoid complexes. However, DFT analysis suggests Ni-borne oxidation for 5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristin E Juda
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Claire E Casaday
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Ryan M Clarke
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Nicholas P Litak
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Brandon M Campbell
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Tieyan Chang
- ChemMatCARS Beamline, The University of Chicago, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60429, USA
| | - Shao-Liang Zheng
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Yu-Sheng Chen
- ChemMatCARS Beamline, The University of Chicago, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60429, USA
| | - Theodore A Betley
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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8
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Boggiano AC, Studvick CM, Steiner A, Bacsa J, Popov IA, La Pierre HS. Structural distortion by alkali metal cations modulates the redox and electronic properties of Ce 3+ imidophosphorane complexes. Chem Sci 2023; 14:11708-11717. [PMID: 37920331 PMCID: PMC10619540 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04262f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of Ce3+ complexes with counter cations ranging from Li to Cs are presented. Cyclic voltammetry data indicate a significant dependence of the oxidation potential on the alkali metal identity. Analysis of the single-crystal X-ray diffraction data indicates that the degree of structural distortion of the secondary coordination sphere is linearly correlated with the measured oxidation potential. Solution electronic absorption spectroscopy confirms that the structural distortion is reflected in the solution structure. Computational studies further validate this analysis, deciphering the impact of alkali metal cations on the Ce atomic orbital contributions, differences in energies of Ce-dominant molecular orbitals, energy shift of the 4f-5d electronic transitions, and degree of structural distortions. In sum, the structural impact of the alkali metal cation is demonstrated to modulate the redox and electronic properties of the Ce3+ complexes, and provides insight into the rational tuning of the Ce3+ imidophosphorane complex oxidation potential through alkali metal identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C Boggiano
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta Georgia 30332-0400 USA
| | - Chad M Studvick
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron Akron Ohio 44325-3601 USA
| | - Alexander Steiner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
| | - John Bacsa
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta Georgia 30332-0400 USA
| | - Ivan A Popov
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron Akron Ohio 44325-3601 USA
| | - Henry S La Pierre
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta Georgia 30332-0400 USA
- Nuclear and Radiological Engineering and Medical Physics Program, School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta Georgia 30332-0400 USA
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9
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Nguyen HM, Morgan HWT, Chantarojsiri T, Kerr TA, Yang JY, Alexandrova AN, Léonard NG. Charge and Solvent Effects on the Redox Behavior of Vanadyl Salen-Crown Complexes. J Phys Chem A 2023. [PMID: 37316977 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c00827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The incorporation of charged groups proximal to a redox active transition metal center can impact the local electric field, altering redox behavior and enhancing catalysis. Vanadyl salen (salen = N,N'-ethylenebis(salicylideneaminato)) complexes functionalized with a crown ether containing a nonredox active metal cation (V-Na, V-K, V-Ba, V-La, V-Ce, and V-Nd) were synthesized. The electrochemical behavior of this series of complexes was investigated by cyclic voltammetry in solvents with varying polarity and dielectric constant (ε) (acetonitrile, ε = 37.5; N,N-dimethylformamide, ε = 36.7; and dichloromethane, ε = 8.93). The vanadium(V/IV) reduction potential shifted anodically with increasing cation charge compared to a complex lacking a proximal cation (ΔE1/2 > 900 mV in acetonitrile and >700 mV in dichloromethane). In contrast, the reduction potential for all vanadyl salen-crown complexes measured in N,N-dimethylformamide was insensitive to the magnitude of the cationic charge, regardless of the electrolyte or counteranion used. Titration studies of N,N-dimethylformamide into acetonitrile resulted in cathodic shifting of the vanadium(V/IV) reduction potential with increasing concentration of N,N-dimethylformamide. Binding constants of N,N-dimethylformamide (log(KDMF)) for the series of crown complexes show increased binding affinity in the order of V-La > V-Ba > V-K > (salen)V(O), indicating an enhancement of Lewis acid/base interaction with increasing cationic charge. The redox behavior of (salen)V(O) and (salen-OMe)V(O) (salen-OMe = N,N'-ethylenebis(3-methoxysalicylideneamine) was also investigated and compared to the crown-containing complexes. For (salen-OMe)V(O), a weak association of triflate salt at the vanadium(IV) oxidation state was observed through cyclic voltammetry titration experiments, and cation dissociation upon oxidation to vanadium(V) was identified. These studies demonstrate the noninnocent role of solvent coordination and cation/anion effects on redox behavior and, by extension, the local electric field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hien M Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Harry W T Morgan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Teera Chantarojsiri
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Tyler A Kerr
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Jenny Y Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Anastassia N Alexandrova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Nadia G Léonard
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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10
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Dopp CM, Golwankar RR, Kelsey SR, Douglas JT, Erickson AN, Oliver AG, Day CS, Day VW, Blakemore JD. Vanadyl as a Spectroscopic Probe of Tunable Ligand Donor Strength in Bimetallic Complexes. Inorg Chem 2023. [PMID: 37315176 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c00724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Incorporation of secondary metal ions into heterobimetallic complexes has emerged as an attractive strategy for rational tuning of compounds' properties and reactivity, but direct solution-phase spectroscopic interrogation of tuning effects has received less attention than it deserves. Here, we report the assembly and study of a series of heterobimetallic complexes containing the vanadyl ion, [VO]2+, paired with monovalent cations (Cs+, Rb+, K+, Na+, and Li+) and a divalent cation (Ca2+). These complexes, which can be isolated in pure form or generated in situ from a common monometallic vanadyl-containing precursor, enable experimental spectroscopic and electrochemical quantification of the influence of the incorporated cations on the properties of the vanadyl moiety. The data reveal systematic shifts in the V-O stretching frequency, isotropic hyperfine coupling constant for the vanadium center, and V(V)/V(IV) reduction potential in the complexes. These shifts can be interpreted as charge density effects parametrized through the Lewis acidities of the cations, suggesting broad potential for the vanadyl ion to serve as a spectroscopic probe in multimetallic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire M Dopp
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, 1567 Irving Hill Road, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Riddhi R Golwankar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, 1567 Irving Hill Road, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Shaun R Kelsey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, 1567 Irving Hill Road, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Justin T Douglas
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Laboratory, Molecular Structures Group, University of Kansas, 2034 Becker Dr, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Alexander N Erickson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Memphis, 3744 Walker Avenue, Memphis, Tennessee 38152, United States
| | - Allen G Oliver
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Cynthia S Day
- Department of Chemistry, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27109, United States
| | - Victor W Day
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, 1567 Irving Hill Road, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - James D Blakemore
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, 1567 Irving Hill Road, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
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11
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Golwankar RR, Curry TD, Paranjothi CJ, Blakemore JD. Molecular Influences on the Quantification of Lewis Acidity with Phosphine Oxide Probes. Inorg Chem 2023. [PMID: 36943934 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Gutmann-Beckett-type measurements with phosphine oxide probes can be used to estimate effective Lewis acidity with 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, but the influence of the molecular structure of a given probe on the quantification of Lewis acidity remains poorly documented in experimental work. Here, a quantitative comparison of triethyl (E), trioctyl (O), and triphenyl (P) phosphine oxides as molecular probes of Lewis acidity has been carried out via titration studies in MeCN with a test set of six mono- and divalent metal triflate salts. In comparison to E, the bulkier O displays a similar range of chemical shift values and binding affinities for the various test metal ions. Spectral linewidths and speciation properties vary for individual cation-to-probe ratios, however, confirming probe-specific properties that can impact the data quality. Importantly, P displays a consistently narrower dynamic range than both E and O, illustrating how electronic changes at phosphorus can influence the NMR response. Comparative parametrizations of the effective Lewis acidities of a broader range of metal ions, including the trivalent rare earth ions Y3+, Lu3+, and Sc3+ as well as the uranyl ion (UO22+), can be understood in light of these results, providing insight into the fundamental chemical processes underlying the useful approach of single-point measurements for quantification of effective Lewis acidity. Together with a study of counteranion effects reported here, these data clarify the diverse ensemble of factors that can influence the measurement of Lewis acid/base interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riddhi R Golwankar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, 1845 Irving Hill Road, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - T Davis Curry
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, 1845 Irving Hill Road, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Cecilia J Paranjothi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, 1845 Irving Hill Road, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - James D Blakemore
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, 1845 Irving Hill Road, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
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12
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Schwiedrzik L, Rajkovic T, González L. Regeneration and Degradation in a Biomimetic Polyoxometalate Water Oxidation Catalyst. ACS Catal 2023; 13:3007-3019. [PMID: 36910868 PMCID: PMC9990072 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c06301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Complete understanding of catalytic cycles is required to advance the design of water oxidation catalysts, but it is difficult to attain, due to the complex factors governing their reactivity and stability. In this study, we investigate the regeneration and degradation pathways of the highly active biomimetic water oxidation catalyst [Mn3+ 2Mn4+ 2V4O17(OAc)3]3-, thereby completing its catalytic cycle. Beginning with the deactivated species [Mn3+ 4V4O17(OAc)2]4- left over after O2 evolution, we scrutinize a network of reaction intermediates belonging to two alternative water oxidation cycles. We find that catalyst regeneration to the activated species [Mn4+ 4V4O17(OAc)2(OH)(H2O)]- proceeds via oxidation of each Mn center, with one water ligand being bound during the first oxidation step and a second water ligand being bound and deprotonated during the final oxidation step. ΔΔG values for this last oxidation are consistent with previous experimental results, while regeneration within an alternative catalytic cycle was found to be thermodynamically unfavorable. Extensive in silico sampling of catalyst structures also revealed two degradation processes: cubane opening and ligand dissociation, both of which have low barriers at highly reduced states of the catalyst due to the presence of Jahn-Teller effects. These mechanistic insights are expected to spur the development of more efficient and stable Mn cubane water oxidation catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludwig Schwiedrzik
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria.,Vienna Doctoral School in Chemistry (DoSChem), University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Tina Rajkovic
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Leticia González
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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13
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Wu YH, Mehta H, Willinger E, Yuwono JA, Kumar PV, Abdala PM, Wach A, Kierzkowska A, Donat F, Kuznetsov DA, Müller CR. Altering Oxygen Binding by Redox-Inactive Metal Substitution to Control Catalytic Activity: Oxygen Reduction on Manganese Oxide Nanoparticles as a Model System. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202217186. [PMID: 36538473 PMCID: PMC10108258 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202217186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Establishing generic catalyst design principles by identifying structural features of materials that influence their performance will advance the rational engineering of new catalytic materials. In this study, by investigating metal-substituted manganese oxide (spinel) nanoparticles, Mn3 O4 :M (M=Sr, Ca, Mg, Zn, Cu), we rationalize the dependence of the activity of Mn3 O4 :M for the electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) on the enthalpy of formation of the binary MO oxide, Δf H°(MO), and the Lewis acidity of the M2+ substituent. Incorporation of elements M with low Δf H°(MO) enhances the oxygen binding strength in Mn3 O4 :M, which affects its activity in ORR due to the established correlation between ORR activity and the binding energy of *O/*OH/*OOH species. Our work provides a perspective on the design of new compositions for oxygen electrocatalysis relying on the rational substitution/doping by redox-inactive elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hsuan Wu
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zürich, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Harshit Mehta
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zürich, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Elena Willinger
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zürich, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jodie A Yuwono
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.,College of Engineering and Computer Science, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Priyank V Kumar
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Paula M Abdala
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zürich, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Anna Wach
- Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Agnieszka Kierzkowska
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zürich, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Felix Donat
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zürich, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Denis A Kuznetsov
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zürich, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Christoph R Müller
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zürich, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland
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14
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Pattanayak S, Loewen ND, Berben LA. Using Substituted [Fe 4N(CO) 12] - as a Platform To Probe the Effect of Cation and Lewis Acid Location on Redox Potential. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:1919-1925. [PMID: 36006454 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The impact of cationic and Lewis acidic functional groups installed in the primary or secondary coordination sphere (PCS or SCS) of an (electro)catalyst is known to vary depending on the precise positioning of those groups. However, it is difficult to systematically probe the effect of that position. In this report, we probe the effect of the functional group position and identity on the observed reduction potentials (Ep,c) using substituted iron clusters, [Fe4N(CO)11R]n, where R = NO+, PPh2-CH2CH2-9BBN, (MePTA+)2, (MePTA+)4, and H+ and n = 0, -1, +1, or +3 (9-BBN is 9-borabicyclo(3.3.1)nonane; MePTA+ is 1-methyl-1-azonia-3,5-diaza-7-phosphaadamantane). The cationic NO+ and H+ ligands cause anodic shifts of 700 and 320 mV, respectively, in Ep,c relative to unsubstituted [Fe4N(CO)12]-. Infrared absorption band data, νCO, suggests that some of the 700 mV shift by NO+ results from electronic changes to the cluster core. This contrasts with the effects of cationic MePTA+ and H+ which cause primarily electrostatic effects on Ep,c. Lewis acidic 9-BBN in the SCS had almost no effect on Ep,c.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santanu Pattanayak
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Natalia D Loewen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Louise A Berben
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
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15
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Hong YH, Lee YM, Nam W, Fukuzumi S. Reaction Intermediates in Artificial Photosynthesis with Molecular Catalysts. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c05033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Young Hyun Hong
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul03760, Korea
| | - Yong-Min Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul03760, Korea
| | - Wonwoo Nam
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul03760, Korea
| | - Shunichi Fukuzumi
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul03760, Korea
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16
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McKenzie J, Kempler PA, Brozek CK. Solvent-controlled ion-coupled charge transport in microporous metal chalcogenides. Chem Sci 2022; 13:12747-12759. [PMID: 36519058 PMCID: PMC9645383 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc05090k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Interactions between ions and itinerant charges govern electronic processes ranging from the redox chemistry of molecules to the conductivity of organic semiconductors, but remain an open frontier in the study of microporous materials. These interactions may strongly influence the electronic behavior of microporous materials that confine ions and charges to length scales comparable to proton-coupled electron transfer. Yet despite mounting evidence that both solvent and electrolyte influence charge transport through ion-charge interactions in metal-organic frameworks, fundamental microscopic insights are only just beginning to emerge. Here, through electrochemical analysis of two open-framework chalcogenides TMA2FeGe4S10 and TMA2ZnGe4S10, we outline the key signatures of ion-coupled charge transport in band-type and hopping-type microporous conductors. Pressed-pellet direct-current and impedance techniques reveal that solvent enhances the conductivity of both materials, but for distinct mechanistic reasons. This analysis required the development of a fitting method that provides a novel quantitative metric of concerted ion-charge motion. Taken together, these results provide chemical parameters for a general understanding of electrochemistry in nanoconfined spaces and for designing microporous conductors and electrochemical methods used to evaluate them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob McKenzie
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, Oregon Center for Electrochemistry, University of Oregon Eugene OR 97403 USA
| | - Paul A Kempler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, Oregon Center for Electrochemistry, University of Oregon Eugene OR 97403 USA
| | - Carl K Brozek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, Oregon Center for Electrochemistry, University of Oregon Eugene OR 97403 USA
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17
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Gao X, Fan H. The Role of Redox-Inactive Metals in Modulating the Redox Potential of the Mn 4CaO 4 Model Complex. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:11539-11549. [PMID: 35839298 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Photosynthetic oxygen-evolving center (OEC), the "engine of life", is a unique Mn4CaO5 cluster catalyzing the water oxidation. The role of redox-inactive component Ca2+, which can only be functionally replaced by Sr2+ in a biological environment, has been under debate for a long time. Recently, its modulating effect on the redox potential of native OEC and artificial structural OEC model complex has received great attention, and linear relationship between the potential and the Lewis acidity of the redox-inactive metal has been proposed for the MMn3O4 model complex. In this work, the modulating effect has been studied in detail using the Mn4CaO4 model complex, which is the closest structural model to OEC to date and has a similar redox potential at the S1-S2 transition. We found the redox-inactive metal only has a weak modulating effect on the potential, which is comparable in strength to that of the ligand environments. Meanwhile, the net charge of the complex, which could be changed along with the redox-inactive metal, has a high impact on the potential and can be unified by protonation, deprotonation, or ligand modification. Although the modulating effect of the redox-inactive metal is not very strong, the linear relationship between the potential and the Lewis acidity is still valid for Mn4MO4 complexes. Our results of strong modulating effects for net charge and weak modulating effects for redox-inactive metal fit with the previous experimental observations on Mn4MO4 (M = Ca2+, Y3+, and Gd3+) model complexes, and suggest that Ca2+ can be structurally and electrochemically replaced with other metal cations, together with proper ligand modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianrui Gao
- Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Hongjun Fan
- Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian 116023, China
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18
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Teptarakulkarn P, Lorpaiboon W, Anusanti T, Laowiwatkasem N, Chainok K, Sangtrirutnugul P, Surawatanawong P, Chantarojsiri T. Incorporation of Cation Affects the Redox Reactivity of Fe- NNN Complexes on C-H Oxidation. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:11066-11074. [PMID: 35815773 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cations such as Lewis acids have been shown to enhance the catalytic activity of high-valent Fe-oxygen intermediates. Herein, we present a pyridine diamine ethylene glycol macrocycle, which can form Zn(II)- or Fe(III)-complex with the NNN site, while allowing redox-inactive cations to bind to the ethylene glycol moiety. The addition of alkali, alkali earth, and lanthanum ions resulted in positive shifts to the Fe(III/II) redox potential. Calculation of dissociation constants showed the tightest binding with a Ba2+ ion. Density functional theory calculations were used to elucidate the effects of redox inactive cations toward the electronic structures of Fe complexes. Although the Fe-NNN complexes, both in the absence and presence of cations, can catalyze C-H oxidation of 9,10-dihydroanthracene, to give anthracene [hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) product], anthrone, and anthraquinone [oxygen atom transfer (OAT) products], highest overall activity and OAT/HAT product ratios were obtained in the presence of dications, that is, Ba2+ and Mg2+, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pathorn Teptarakulkarn
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Wanutcha Lorpaiboon
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Thana Anusanti
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Natchapol Laowiwatkasem
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Kittipong Chainok
- Thammasat University Research Unit in Multifunctional Crystalline Materials and Applications (TU-MCMA), Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12121, Thailand
| | - Preeyanuch Sangtrirutnugul
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Panida Surawatanawong
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Teera Chantarojsiri
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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19
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Chen Y, Xu B, Yao R, Chen C, Zhang C. Mimicking the Oxygen-Evolving Center in Photosynthesis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:929532. [PMID: 35874004 PMCID: PMC9302449 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.929532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The oxygen-evolving center (OEC) in photosystem II (PSII) of oxygenic photosynthetic organisms is a unique heterometallic-oxide Mn4CaO5-cluster that catalyzes water splitting into electrons, protons, and molecular oxygen through a five-state cycle (Sn, n = 0 ~ 4). It serves as the blueprint for the developing of the man-made water-splitting catalysts to generate solar fuel in artificial photosynthesis. Understanding the structure-function relationship of this natural catalyst is a great challenge and a long-standing issue, which is severely restricted by the lack of a precise chemical model for this heterometallic-oxide cluster. However, it is a great challenge for chemists to precisely mimic the OEC in a laboratory. Recently, significant advances have been achieved and a series of artificial Mn4XO4-clusters (X = Ca/Y/Gd) have been reported, which closely mimic both the geometric structure and the electronic structure, as well as the redox property of the OEC. These new advances provide a structurally well-defined molecular platform to study the structure-function relationship of the OEC and shed new light on the design of efficient catalysts for the water-splitting reaction in artificial photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chen
- Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Boran Xu
- Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ruoqing Yao
- Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Changhui Chen
- Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunxi Zhang
- Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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20
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Golwankar RR, Kumar A, Day VW, Blakemore JD. Revealing the Influence of Diverse Secondary Metal Cations on Redox‐Active Palladium Complexes. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200344. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Riddhi R. Golwankar
- Department of Chemistry University of Kansas 1567 Irving Hill Road Lawrence Kansas 66045 USA
| | - Amit Kumar
- Department of Chemistry University of Kansas 1567 Irving Hill Road Lawrence Kansas 66045 USA
- Current address: Department of Chemistry University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104 USA
| | - Victor W. Day
- Department of Chemistry University of Kansas 1567 Irving Hill Road Lawrence Kansas 66045 USA
| | - James D. Blakemore
- Department of Chemistry University of Kansas 1567 Irving Hill Road Lawrence Kansas 66045 USA
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21
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Yuan S, Peng J, Cai B, Huang Z, Garcia-Esparza AT, Sokaras D, Zhang Y, Giordano L, Akkiraju K, Zhu YG, Hübner R, Zou X, Román-Leshkov Y, Shao-Horn Y. Tunable metal hydroxide-organic frameworks for catalysing oxygen evolution. NATURE MATERIALS 2022; 21:673-680. [PMID: 35210585 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-022-01199-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The oxygen evolution reaction is central to making chemicals and energy carriers using electrons. Combining the great tunability of enzymatic systems with known oxide-based catalysts can create breakthrough opportunities to achieve both high activity and stability. Here we report a series of metal hydroxide-organic frameworks (MHOFs) synthesized by transforming layered hydroxides into two-dimensional sheets crosslinked using aromatic carboxylate linkers. MHOFs act as a tunable catalytic platform for the oxygen evolution reaction, where the π-π interactions between adjacent stacked linkers dictate stability, while the nature of transition metals in the hydroxides modulates catalytic activity. Substituting Ni-based MHOFs with acidic cations or electron-withdrawing linkers enhances oxygen evolution reaction activity by over three orders of magnitude per metal site, with Fe substitution achieving a mass activity of 80 A [Formula: see text] at 0.3 V overpotential for 20 h. Density functional theory calculations correlate the enhanced oxygen evolution reaction activity with the MHOF-based modulation of Ni redox and the optimized binding of oxygenated intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Yuan
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiayu Peng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Bin Cai
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhehao Huang
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Angel T Garcia-Esparza
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Dimosthenis Sokaras
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Yirui Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Livia Giordano
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Karthik Akkiraju
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yun Guang Zhu
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - René Hübner
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
| | - Xiaodong Zou
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yuriy Román-Leshkov
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Yang Shao-Horn
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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22
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Weberg AB, Murphy RP, Tomson NC. Oriented internal electrostatic fields: an emerging design element in coordination chemistry and catalysis. Chem Sci 2022; 13:5432-5446. [PMID: 35694353 PMCID: PMC9116365 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc01715f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The power of oriented electrostatic fields (ESFs) to influence chemical bonding and reactivity is a phenomenon of rapidly growing interest. The presence of strong ESFs has recently been implicated as one of the most significant contributors to the activity of select enzymes, wherein alignment of a substrate's changing dipole moment with a strong, local electrostatic field has been shown to be responsible for the majority of the enzymatic rate enhancement. Outside of enzymology, researchers have studied the impacts of "internal" electrostatic fields via the addition of ionic salts to reactions and the incorporation of charged functional groups into organic molecules (both experimentally and computationally), and "externally" via the implementation of bulk fields between electrode plates. Incorporation of charged moieties into homogeneous inorganic complexes to generate internal ESFs represents an area of high potential for novel catalyst design. This field has only begun to materialize within the past 10 years but could be an area of significant impact moving forward, since it provides a means for tuning the properties of molecular complexes via a method that is orthogonal to traditional strategies, thereby providing possibilities for improved catalytic conditions and novel reactivity. In this perspective, we highlight recent developments in this area and offer insights, obtained from our own research, on the challenges and future directions of this emerging field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander B Weberg
- R, oy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania 231 S. 34th Street Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104 USA
| | - Ryan P Murphy
- R, oy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania 231 S. 34th Street Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104 USA
| | - Neil C Tomson
- R, oy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania 231 S. 34th Street Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104 USA
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23
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Ghosh TK, Maity S, Ghosh S, Gomila RM, Frontera A, Ghosh A. Role of Redox-Inactive Metal Ions in Modulating the Reduction Potential of Uranyl Schiff Base Complexes: Detailed Experimental and Theoretical Studies. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:7130-7142. [PMID: 35467851 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A mononuclear uranyl complex, [UO2L] (1), has been synthesized with the ligand N,N'-bis(3-methoxy-2-hydroxybenzylidene)-1,6-diamino-3-azahexane (H2L). The complex showed a reversible U(VI)/U(V) redox couple in cyclic voltammetric measurements. The reduction potential of this couple showed a positive shift upon the addition of redox-inactive alkali- and alkaline-earth Lewis acidic metal ions (Li+, Na+, K+, Ca2+, Sr2+, and Ba2+) to an acetonitrile solution of complex 1. The positive shift of the reduction potential has been explained on the basis of the Lewis acidity and internal electric-field effect of the respective metal ions. The bimetallic complexes [UO2LLi(NO3)] (2), [UO2LNa(BF4)]2 (3), [UO2LK(PF6)]2 (4), [(UO2L)2Ca]·(ClO4)2·CH3CN (5), [(UO2L)2Sr(H2O)2]·(ClO4)2·CH3CN (6), and [(UO2L)2Ba(ClO4)]·(ClO4) (7) have also been isolated in the solid state by reacting complex 1 with the corresponding metal ions and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Density functional theory calculations of the optimized [UO2LM]n+ complexes have been used to rationalize the experimental reduction and electric-field potentials imposed by the non-redox-active cations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanmoy Kumar Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, University College of Science, University of Calcutta, 92 APC Road, Kolkata 700009, India
| | - Souvik Maity
- Department of Chemistry, University College of Science, University of Calcutta, 92 APC Road, Kolkata 700009, India
| | - Soumavo Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, University College of Science, University of Calcutta, 92 APC Road, Kolkata 700009, India
| | - Rosa M Gomila
- Departament de Química, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Carta de Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Baleares, Spain
| | - Antonio Frontera
- Departament de Química, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Carta de Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Baleares, Spain
| | - Ashutosh Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, University College of Science, University of Calcutta, 92 APC Road, Kolkata 700009, India.,Rani Rashmoni Green University, Tarakeswar, Hooghly 712410, West Bengal, India
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24
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Yang H, Hausmann JN, Hlukhyy V, Braun T, Laun K, Zebger I, Driess M, Menezes PW. An Intermetallic CaFe6Ge6 Approach to Unprecedented Ca‐Fe‐O Electrocatalyst for Efficient Alkaline Oxygen Evolution Reaction. ChemCatChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202200293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Viktor Hlukhyy
- Technical University of Munich: Technische Universitat Munchen Chemistry Lichtenbergstraße 4Garching 85747 Garching GERMANY
| | - Thomas Braun
- Technical University of Munich: Technische Universitat Munchen Chemistry GERMANY
| | | | - Ingo Zebger
- Technical University of Berlin: Technische Universitat Berlin Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Matthias Driess
- Technische Universitat Graz Chemistry Strasse des 17. Juni 135, Sekr. C2Technische Universität BerlinBerlin D-10623 Berlin GERMANY
| | - Prashanth W. Menezes
- Technische Universitat Berlin Chemistry Strasse des 17. Juni 135, Sekr. C2 10623 Berlin GERMANY
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25
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Gao Y, Pink M, Smith JM. Alkali Metal Ions Dictate the Structure and Reactivity of an Iron(II) Imido Complex. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:1786-1794. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c11429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Maren Pink
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Jeremy M. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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26
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Amtawong J, Nguyen AI, Tilley TD. Mechanistic Aspects of Cobalt–Oxo Cubane Clusters in Oxidation Chemistry. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:1475-1492. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c11445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jaruwan Amtawong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Andy I. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - T. Don Tilley
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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27
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Shi H, Cheng L, Pan Y, Mak CK, Lau KC, Lau TC. Synergistic effects of CH 3CO 2H and Ca 2+ on C–H bond activation by MnO 4−. Chem Sci 2022; 13:11600-11606. [PMID: 36320399 PMCID: PMC9555569 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc03089f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The activation of metal-oxo species with Lewis acids is of current interest. In this work, the effects of a weak Brønsted acid such as CH3CO2H and a weak Lewis acid such as Ca2+ on C–H bond activation by KMnO4 have been investigated. Although MnO4− is rather non-basic (pKa of MnO3(OH) = −2.25), it can be activated by AcOH or Ca2+ to oxidize cyclohexane at room temperature to give cyclohexanone as the major product. A synergistic effect occurs when both AcOH and Ca2+ are present; the relative rates for the oxidation of cyclohexane by MnO4−/AcOH, MnO4−/Ca2+ and MnO4−/AcOH/Ca2+ are 1 : 73 : 198. DFT calculations show that in the active intermediate of MnO4−/AcOH/Ca2+, MnO4− is H-bonded to 3 AcOH molecules, while Ca2+ is bonded to 3 AcOH molecules as well as to an oxo ligand of MnO4−. Our results also suggest that these synergistic activating effects of a weak Brønsted acid and a weak Lewis acid should be applicable to a variety of metal-oxo species. The activation of metal-oxo species with Lewis acids is of current interest.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Huatian Shi
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lin Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yi Pan
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi-Keung Mak
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kai-Chung Lau
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tai-Chu Lau
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
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28
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Gupta G, Bera M, Paul S, Paria S. Electrochemical Properties and Reactivity Study of [Mn V(O)(μ-OR-Lewis Acid)] Cores. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:18006-18016. [PMID: 34813300 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A mononuclear manganese(V) oxo complex of a bis(amidate)bis(alkoxide) ligand, (NMe4)[MnV(HMPAB)(O)] [2; H4HMPAB = 1,2-bis(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanamido)benzene], was synthesized and structurally characterized. A Mn-Oterm distance of 1.566(4) Å was observed in the solid-state structure of 2, consistent with the Mn≡O formulation. The reaction of redox-inactive metal ions (Mn+ = Li+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Y3+, and Sc3+) with 2 resulted in the formation of 2-Mn+ species, which were characterized by UV-vis, 1H NMR, cyclic voltammetry, and in situ IR spectroscopy. Theoretical calculations suggested that the alkoxide oxygen atoms of the ligand scaffold are energetically most favorable for coordinating the Mn+ ions in 2. Complex 2 revealed one-electron-reduction potential at -0.01 V versus ferrocenium/ferrocene, which shifted anodically upon coordination of Mn+ ions to 2, and such a shift became more prominent with stronger Lewis acids. The oxygen-atom transfer (OAT) reactivities of 2 and 2-Mn+ species with triphenylphosphine were compared, which exhibited a systematic increase of the reaction rate with increasing Lewis acidity of Mn+ ions, and a plot of log k2 versus Lewis acidity of Mn+ ions (ΔE) followed a linear relationship. It was observed that 2-Sc3+ was ca. 3200 times more reactive toward the OAT reaction compared to 2. Hammett analysis of 2 exhibited a V-shaped plot, indicating a change of the reaction mechanism upon going from electron-rich to electron-deficient Ar3P substrates. In contrast, 2-Ca2+ and 2-Sc3+ showed an electrophilic nature toward the OAT reaction, thus demonstrating the role of the Lewis acid in controlling the OAT mechanism. The hydrogen-atom abstraction reaction of 2 and 2-Mn+ adducts with 1-benzyl-1,4-dihydronicotinamide was investigated, and it was observed that the rate of reaction did not vary considerably with the Lewis acidity of Mn+ ions. On the basis of Eyring analysis of 2 and 2-Mn+ adducts, we hypothesized an entropy-controlled hydrogen-atom-transfer reaction for 2-Sc3+, which is different from the reaction mechanism of 2 and 2-Ca2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetika Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Moumita Bera
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Satadal Paul
- Department of Chemistry, Bangabasi Morning College, Kolkata 700009, India
| | - Sayantan Paria
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
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29
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30
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Karmalkar DG, Seo MS, Lee YM, Kim Y, Lee E, Sarangi R, Fukuzumi S, Nam W. Deeper Understanding of Mononuclear Manganese(IV)-Oxo Binding Brønsted and Lewis Acids and the Manganese(IV)-Hydroxide Complex. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:16996-17007. [PMID: 34705465 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Binding of Lewis acidic metal ions and Brønsted acid at the metal-oxo group of high-valent metal-oxo complexes enhances their reactivities significantly in oxidation reactions. However, such a binding of Lewis acids and proton at the metal-oxo group has been questioned in several cases and remains to be clarified. Herein, we report the synthesis, characterization, and reactivity studies of a mononuclear manganese(IV)-oxo complex binding triflic acid, {[(dpaq)MnIV(O)]-HOTf}+ (1-HOTf). First, 1-HOTf was synthesized and characterized using various spectroscopic techniques, including resonance Raman (rRaman) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy/extended X-ray absorption fine structure. In particular, in rRaman experiments, we observed a linear correlation between the Mn-O stretching frequencies of 1-HOTf (e.g., νMn-O at ∼793 cm-1) and 1-Mn+ (Mn+ = Ca2+, Zn2+, Lu3+, Al3+, or Sc3+) and the Lewis acidities of H+ and Mn+ ions, suggesting that H+ and Mn+ bind at the metal-oxo moiety of [(dpaq)MnIV(O)]+. Interestingly, a single-crystal structure of 1-HOTf was obtained by X-ray diffraction analysis, but the structure was not an expected Mn(IV)-oxo complex but a Mn(IV)-hydroxide complex, [(dpaq)MnIV(OH)](OTf)2 (4), with a Mn-O bond distance of 1.8043(19) Å and a Mn-O stretch at 660 cm-1. More interestingly, 4 reverted to 1-HOTf upon dissolution, demonstrating that 1-HOTf and 4 are interconvertible depending on the physical states, such as 1-HOTf in solution and 4 in isolated solid. The reactivity of 1-HOTf was investigated in hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) and oxygen atom transfer (OAT) reactions and then compared with those of 1-Mn+ complexes; an interesting correlation between the Mn-O stretching frequencies of 1-HOTf and 1-Mn+ and their reactivities in the OAT and HAT reactions is reported for the first time in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika G Karmalkar
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Mi Sook Seo
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Yong-Min Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Youngsuk Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Eunsung Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Ritimukta Sarangi
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Shunichi Fukuzumi
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Wonwoo Nam
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
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31
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Schwiedrzik L, Brieskorn V, González L. Flexibility Enhances Reactivity: Redox Isomerism and Jahn-Teller Effects in a Bioinspired Mn 4O 4 Cubane Water Oxidation Catalyst. ACS Catal 2021; 11:13320-13329. [PMID: 34777908 PMCID: PMC8576808 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c03566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Understanding how water oxidation to molecular oxygen proceeds in molecular metal-oxo catalysts is a challenging endeavor due to their structural complexity. In this report, we unravel the water oxidation mechanism of the highly active water oxidation catalyst [Mn4V4O17(OAc)3]3-, a polyoxometalate catalyst with a [Mn4O4]6+ cubane core reminiscent of the natural oxygen-evolving complex. Starting from the activated species [Mn4 4+V4O17(OAc)2(H2O)(OH)]1-, we scrutinized multiple pathways to find that water oxidation proceeds via a sequential proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET), O-O bond formation, another PCET, an intramolecular electron transfer, and another PCET resulting in O2 evolution, with a predicted thermodynamic overpotential of 0.71 V. An in-depth investigation of the O-O bond formation process revealed an essential interplay between redox isomerism and Jahn-Teller effects, responsible for enhancing reactivity in the catalytic cycle. This is achieved by redistributing electrons between metal centers and weakening relevant bonds through Jahn-Teller distortions, introducing flexibility to the otherwise rigid cubane core of the catalyst. These mechanistic insights are expected to advance the design of efficient bioinspired Mn cubane water-splitting catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludwig Schwiedrzik
- Institute of Theoretical
Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University
of Vienna, Währinger Straße 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Vera Brieskorn
- Institute of Theoretical
Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University
of Vienna, Währinger Straße 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Leticia González
- Institute of Theoretical
Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University
of Vienna, Währinger Straße 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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32
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Yao R, Li Y, Chen Y, Xu B, Chen C, Zhang C. Rare-Earth Elements Can Structurally and Energetically Replace the Calcium in a Synthetic Mn 4CaO 4-Cluster Mimicking the Oxygen-Evolving Center in Photosynthesis. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:17360-17365. [PMID: 34643379 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c09085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The oxygen-evolving center (OEC) in photosynthesis is a unique biological Mn4CaO5 cluster catalyzing the water-splitting reaction. A great current challenge is to achieve a robust and precise mimic of the OEC in the laboratory. Herein, we report synthetic Mn4XO4 clusters (X = calcium, yttrium, gadolinium) that closely resemble the OEC with regard to the main metal-oxide core and peripheral ligands, as well as the oxidation states of the four Mn ions and the redox potential of the cluster. We demonstrate that rare-earth elements can structurally replace the calcium in neutral Mn4XO4 clusters. All three Mn4XO4 clusters with different redox-inactive metal ions display essentially the same redox properties, challenging the conventional view that the Lewis acidity of the redox-inactive metal ions could modulate the redox potential of the heteronuclear-oxide clusters. The new synthetic rare-earth element-containing Mn4XO4 clusters reported here provide robust and structurally well-defined chemical models and shed new light on the design of new water-splitting catalysts in artificial photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoqing Yao
- Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanxi Li
- Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Boran Xu
- Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Changhui Chen
- Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Chunxi Zhang
- Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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33
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Léonard NG, Dhaoui R, Chantarojsiri T, Yang JY. Electric Fields in Catalysis: From Enzymes to Molecular Catalysts. ACS Catal 2021; 11:10923-10932. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c02084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nadia G. Léonard
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Rakia Dhaoui
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Teera Chantarojsiri
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Jenny Y. Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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34
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Fabrizio K, Lazarou KA, Payne LI, Twight LP, Golledge S, Hendon CH, Brozek CK. Tunable Band Gaps in MUV-10(M): A Family of Photoredox-Active MOFs with Earth-Abundant Open Metal Sites. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:12609-12621. [PMID: 34370478 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c04808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Titanium-based metal-organic frameworks (Ti-MOFs) have attracted intense research attention because they can store charges in the form of Ti3+ and they serve as photosensitizers to cocatalysts through heterogeneous photoredox reactions at the MOF-liquid interface. Both the charge storage and charge transfer depend on the redox potentials of the MOF and the molecular substrate, but the factors controlling these energetic aspects are not well understood. Additionally, photocatalysis involving Ti-MOFs relies on cocatalysts rather than the intrinsic Ti reactivity, in part because Ti-MOFs with open metal sites are rare. Here, we report that the class of Ti-MOFs known as MUV-10 can be synthetically modified to include a range of redox-inactive ions with flexible coordination environments that control the energies of the photoactive orbitals. Lewis acidic cations installed in the MOF cluster (Cd2+, Sr2+, and Ba2+) or introduced to the pores (H+, Li+, Na+, K+) tune the electronic structure and band gaps of the MOFs. Through the use of optical redox indicators, we report the first direct measurement of the Fermi levels (redox potentials) of photoexcited MOFs in situ. Taken together, these results explain the ability of Ti-MOFs to store charges and provide design principles for achieving heterogeneous photoredox chemistry with electrostatic control.
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35
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Lee HB, Shiau AA, Marchiori DA, Oyala PH, Yoo B, Kaiser JT, Rees DC, Britt RD, Agapie T. CaMn
3
IV
O
4
Cubane Models of the Oxygen‐Evolving Complex: Spin Ground States
S
<9/2 and the Effect of Oxo Protonation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202105303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heui Beom Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering California Institute of Technology 1200 E California Blvd MC 127-72 Pasadena CA 91125 USA
| | - Angela A. Shiau
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering California Institute of Technology 1200 E California Blvd MC 127-72 Pasadena CA 91125 USA
| | - David A. Marchiori
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Davis One Shields Ave Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - Paul H. Oyala
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering California Institute of Technology 1200 E California Blvd MC 127-72 Pasadena CA 91125 USA
| | - Byung‐Kuk Yoo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering California Institute of Technology 1200 E California Blvd MC 127-72 Pasadena CA 91125 USA
| | - Jens T. Kaiser
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering California Institute of Technology 1200 E California Blvd MC 127-72 Pasadena CA 91125 USA
| | - Douglas C. Rees
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering California Institute of Technology 1200 E California Blvd MC 127-72 Pasadena CA 91125 USA
| | - R. David Britt
- Department of Chemistry University of California, Davis One Shields Ave Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - Theodor Agapie
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering California Institute of Technology 1200 E California Blvd MC 127-72 Pasadena CA 91125 USA
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36
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Kelsey SR, Kumar A, Oliver AG, Day VW, Blakemore JD. Promotion and Tuning of the Electrochemical Reduction of Hetero‐ and Homobimetallic Zinc Complexes**. ChemElectroChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202100358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaun R. Kelsey
- Department of Chemistry University of Kansas 1567 Irving Hill Rd Lawrence KS 66045
| | - Amit Kumar
- Department of Chemistry University of Kansas 1567 Irving Hill Rd Lawrence KS 66045
| | - Allen G. Oliver
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Notre Dame 149 Stepan Chemistry Notre Dame IN 46556 USA
| | - Victor W. Day
- Department of Chemistry University of Kansas 1567 Irving Hill Rd Lawrence KS 66045
| | - James D. Blakemore
- Department of Chemistry University of Kansas 1567 Irving Hill Rd Lawrence KS 66045
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37
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Fan G, Wasuwanich P, Furst AL. Biohybrid Systems for Improved Bioinspired, Energy-Relevant Catalysis. Chembiochem 2021; 22:2353-2367. [PMID: 33594779 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Biomimetic catalysts, ranging from small-molecule metal complexes to supramolecular assembles, possess many exciting properties that could address salient challenges in industrial-scale manufacturing. Inspired by natural enzymes, these biohybrid catalytic systems demonstrate superior characteristics, including high activity, enantioselectivity, and enhanced aqueous solubility, over their fully synthetic counterparts. However, instability and limitations in the prediction of structure-function relationships are major drawbacks that often prevent the application of biomimetic catalysts outside of the laboratory. Despite these obstacles, recent advances in synthetic enzyme models have improved our understanding of complicated biological enzymatic processes and enabled the production of catalysts with increased efficiency. This review outlines important developments and future prospects for the design and application of bioinspired and biohybrid systems at multiple length scales for important, biologically relevant, clean energy transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Fan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Pris Wasuwanich
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ariel L Furst
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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38
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Lee HB, Shiau AA, Marchiori DA, Oyala PH, Yoo BK, Kaiser JT, Rees DC, Britt RD, Agapie T. CaMn 3 IV O 4 Cubane Models of the Oxygen-Evolving Complex: Spin Ground States S<9/2 and the Effect of Oxo Protonation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:17671-17679. [PMID: 34042234 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202105303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We report the single crystal XRD and MicroED structure, magnetic susceptibility, and EPR data of a series of CaMn3 IV O4 and YMn3 IV O4 complexes as structural and spectroscopic models of the cuboidal subunit of the oxygen-evolving complex (OEC). The effect of changes in heterometal identity, cluster geometry, and bridging oxo protonation on the spin-state structure was investigated. In contrast to previous computational models, we show that the spin ground state of CaMn3 IV O4 complexes and variants with protonated oxo moieties need not be S=9/2. Desymmetrization of the pseudo-C3 -symmetric Ca(Y)Mn3 IV O4 core leads to a lower S=5/2 spin ground state. The magnitude of the magnetic exchange coupling is attenuated upon oxo protonation, and an S=3/2 spin ground state is observed in CaMn3 IV O3 (OH). Our studies complement the observation that the interconversion between the low-spin and high-spin forms of the S2 state is pH-dependent, suggesting that the (de)protonation of bridging or terminal oxygen atoms in the OEC may be connected to spin-state changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heui Beom Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E California Blvd MC 127-72, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Angela A Shiau
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E California Blvd MC 127-72, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - David A Marchiori
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Paul H Oyala
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E California Blvd MC 127-72, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Byung-Kuk Yoo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E California Blvd MC 127-72, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Jens T Kaiser
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E California Blvd MC 127-72, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Douglas C Rees
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E California Blvd MC 127-72, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - R David Britt
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Theodor Agapie
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E California Blvd MC 127-72, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
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39
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Ohnishi M, Furutani R, Sohtome T, Suzuki T, Wada S, Tanaka S, Ifuku K, Ueno D, Miyake C. Photosynthetic Parameters Show Specific Responses to Essential Mineral Deficiencies. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:996. [PMID: 34201487 PMCID: PMC8300717 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10070996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to decreases in the assimilation efficiency of CO2, plants oxidize the reaction center chlorophyll (P700) of photosystem I (PSI) to suppress reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. In hydro-cultured sunflower leaves experiencing essential mineral deficiencies, we analyzed the following parameters that characterize PSI and PSII: (1) the reduction-oxidation states of P700 [Y(I), Y(NA), and Y(ND)]; (2) the relative electron flux in PSII [Y(II)]; (3) the reduction state of the primary electron acceptor in PSII, QA (1 - qL); and (4) the non-photochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence (NPQ). Deficiency treatments for the minerals N, P, Mn, Mg, S, and Zn decreased Y(II) with an increase in the oxidized P700 [Y(ND)], while deficiencies for the minerals K, Fe, Ca, B, and Mo decreased Y(II) without an increase in Y(ND). During the induction of photosynthesis, the above parameters showed specific responses to each mineral. That is, we could diagnose the mineral deficiency and identify which mineral affected the photosynthesis parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Ohnishi
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School for Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan; (M.O.); (R.F.); (T.S.); (S.W.); (S.T.)
- Core Research for Environmental Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 7 Gobancho, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan;
| | - Riu Furutani
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School for Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan; (M.O.); (R.F.); (T.S.); (S.W.); (S.T.)
- Core Research for Environmental Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 7 Gobancho, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan;
| | - Takayuki Sohtome
- Core Research for Environmental Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 7 Gobancho, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan;
- Department of System Development, Bunkoukeiki Co. Ltd., 4-8 Takakura-machi, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo 192-0033, Japan
| | - Takeshi Suzuki
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School for Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan; (M.O.); (R.F.); (T.S.); (S.W.); (S.T.)
- Core Research for Environmental Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 7 Gobancho, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan;
| | - Shinya Wada
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School for Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan; (M.O.); (R.F.); (T.S.); (S.W.); (S.T.)
- Core Research for Environmental Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 7 Gobancho, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan;
| | - Soma Tanaka
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School for Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan; (M.O.); (R.F.); (T.S.); (S.W.); (S.T.)
| | - Kentaro Ifuku
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan;
| | - Daisei Ueno
- Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Science, Kochi University, 200 Otsu, Monobe, Nankoku 783-8502, Japan;
| | - Chikahiro Miyake
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School for Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan; (M.O.); (R.F.); (T.S.); (S.W.); (S.T.)
- Core Research for Environmental Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 7 Gobancho, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan;
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40
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Saito K, Nakagawa M, Mandal M, Ishikita H. Role of redox-inactive metals in controlling the redox potential of heterometallic manganese-oxido clusters. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2021; 148:153-159. [PMID: 34047897 PMCID: PMC8292285 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-021-00846-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Photosystem II (PSII) contains Ca2+, which is essential to the oxygen-evolving activity of the catalytic Mn4CaO5 complex. Replacement of Ca2+ with other redox-inactive metals results in a loss/decrease of oxygen-evolving activity. To investigate the role of Ca2+ in this catalytic reaction, we investigate artificial Mn3[M]O2 clusters redox-inactive metals [M] ([M] = Mg2+, Ca2+, Zn2+, Sr2+, and Y3+), which were synthesized by Tsui et al. (Nat Chem 5:293, 2013). The experimentally measured redox potentials (Em) of these clusters are best described by the energy of their highest occupied molecular orbitals. Quantum chemical calculations showed that the valence of metals predominantly affects Em(MnIII/IV), whereas the ionic radius of metals affects Em(MnIII/IV) only slightly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Saito
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8654, Japan.
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8904, Japan.
| | - Minesato Nakagawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8654, Japan
| | - Manoj Mandal
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8904, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ishikita
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8654, Japan.
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8904, Japan.
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41
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Gouré E, Gerey B, Astudillo CN, Pécaut J, Sirach S, Molton F, Fortage J, Collomb MN. Self-Assembled Heterometallic Complexes by Incorporation of Calcium or Strontium Ion into a Manganese(II) 12-Metallacrown-3 Framework Supported by a Tripodal Ligand with Pyridine-Carboxylate Motifs: Stability in Their Manganese(III) Oxidized Form. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:7922-7936. [PMID: 34014651 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c00457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We report on the isolation of a new family of μ-carboxylato-bridged metallocrown (MC) compounds by self-assembly of the recently isolated hexadentate tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine ligand tpada2- incorporating two carboxylate units with metal cations. Twelve-membered MCs of manganese of the type 12-MC-3, namely, [{MnII(tpada)}3(M)(H2O)n]2+ (Mn3M) (M = Mn2+ (n = 0), Ca2+ (n = 1), or Sr2+ (n = 2)), were structurally characterized. The metallamacrocycles connectivity consisting in three -[Mn-O-C-O]- repeating units is provided by one carboxylate unit of the three tpada2- ligands, while the second carboxylate coordinated a fourth cation in the central cavity of the MC, Mn2+ or an alkaline earth metal, Ca2+ or Sr2+. Mn3Ca and {Mn3Sr}2 join the small family of heterometallic manganese-calcium complexes and even rarer manganese-strontium complexes as models of the OEC of photosystem II (PSII). A 8-MC-4 of strontium of the molecular wheel type with four -[Sr-O]- repeating unit was also isolated by self-assembly of the tpada2- ligand with Sr2+. This complex, namely, [Sr(tpada)(OH2)]4 (Sr4), does not incorporate any cation in the central cavity but instead four water molecules coordinated to each Sr2+. Electrochemical investigations coupled to UV-visible absorption and EPR spectroscopies as well as electrospray mass spectrometry reveal the stability of the 12-MC-3 tetranuclear structures in solution, both in the initial oxidation state, MnII3M, as well as in the three-electrons oxidized state, MnIII3M. Indeed, the cyclic voltammogram of all these complexes exhibits three-successive reversible oxidation waves between +0.5 and +0.9 V corresponding to the successive one-electron oxidation of the Mn(II) ion into Mn(III) of the three {Mn(tpada)} units constituting the ring, which are fully maintained after bulk electrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Gouré
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DCM, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Bertrand Gerey
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DCM, 38000 Grenoble, France.,Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG, SyMMES, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | | | - Jacques Pécaut
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG, SyMMES, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Selim Sirach
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DCM, 38000 Grenoble, France
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42
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Loewen ND, Pattanayak S, Herber R, Fettinger JC, Berben LA. Quantification of the Electrostatic Effect on Redox Potential by Positive Charges in a Catalyst Microenvironment. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:3066-3073. [PMID: 33750139 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c00406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Charged functional groups in the secondary coordination sphere (SCS) of a heterogeneous nanoparticle or homogeneous electrocatalyst are of growing interest due to enhancements in reactivity that derive from specific interactions that stabilize substrate binding or charged intermediates. At the same time, accurate benchmarking of electrocatalyst systems most often depends on the development of linear free-energy scaling relationships. However, the thermodynamic axis in those kinetic-thermodynamic correlations is most often obtained by a direct electrochemical measurement of the catalyst redox potential and might be influenced by electrostatic effects of a charged SCS. In this report, we systematically probe positive charges in a SCS and their electrostatic contributions to the electrocatalyst redox potential. A series of 11 iron carbonyl clusters modified with charged and uncharged ligands was probed, and a linear correlation between the νCO absorption band energy and electrochemical redox potentials is observed except where the SCS is positively charged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia D Loewen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Santanu Pattanayak
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Rolfe Herber
- Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - James C Fettinger
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Louise A Berben
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
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43
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Yamanoi Y, Nakae T, Nishihara H. Bio-organic-inorganic hybrid soft materials: photoelectric conversion systems based on photosystem I and II with molecular wires. CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.210111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Yamanoi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Toyotaka Nakae
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nishihara
- Research Center for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda-shi, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
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44
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Cui P, Huang X, Du J, Huang Z. P–C Bond Cleavage Induced Ni(II) Complexes Bearing Rare-Earth-Metal-Based Metalloligand and Reactivities toward Isonitrile, Nitrile, and Epoxide. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:3249-3258. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c03675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Cui
- Key Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Xia Huang
- Key Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, PR China
| | - Jun Du
- Key Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, PR China
| | - Zeming Huang
- Key Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, PR China
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45
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Semin BК, Davletshina LN, Goryachev SN, Seibert M. Ca 2+ effects on Fe(II) interactions with Mn-binding sites in Mn-depleted oxygen-evolving complexes of photosystem II and on Fe replacement of Mn in Mn-containing, Ca-depleted complexes. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2021; 147:229-237. [PMID: 33532973 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-020-00813-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fe(II) cations bind with high efficiency and specificity at the high-affinity (HA), Mn-binding site (termed the "blocking effect" since Fe blocks further electron donation to the site) of the oxygen-evolving complex (OEC) in Mn-depleted, photosystem II (PSII) membrane fragments (Semin et al. in Biochemistry 41:5854, 2002). Furthermore, Fe(II) cations can substitute for 1 or 2Mn cations (pH dependent) in Ca-depleted PSII membranes (Semin et al. in Journal of Bioenergetics and Biomembranes 48:227, 2016; Semin et al. in Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B 178:192, 2018). In the current study, we examined the effect of Ca2+ cations on the interaction of Fe(II) ions with Mn-depleted [PSII(-Mn)] and Ca-depleted [PSII(-Ca)] photosystem II membranes. We found that Ca2+ cations (about 50 mM) inhibit the light-dependent oxidation of Fe(II) (5 µM) by about 25% in PSII(-Mn) membranes, whereas inhibition of the blocking process is greater at about 40%. Blocking of the HA site by Fe cations also decreases the rate of charge recombination between QA- and YZ•+ from t1/2 = 30 ms to 46 ms. However, Ca2+ does not affect the rate during the blocking process. An Fe(II) cation (20 µM) replaces 1Mn cation in the Mn4CaO5 catalytic cluster of PSII(-Ca) membranes at pH 5.7 but 2 Mn cations at pH 6.5. In the presence of Ca2+ (10 mM) during the substitution process, Fe(II) is not able to extract Mn at pH 5.7 and extracts only 1Mn at pH 6.5 (instead of two without Ca2+). Measurements of fluorescence induction kinetics support these observations. Inhibition of Mn substitution with Fe(II) cations in the OEC only occurs with Ca2+ and Sr2+ cations, which are also able to restore oxygen evolution in PSII(-Ca) samples. Nonactive cations like La3+, Ni2+, Cd2+, and Mg2+ have no influence on the replacement of Mn with Fe. These results show that the location and/or ligand composition of one Mn cation in the Mn4CaO5 cluster is strongly affected by calcium depletion or rebinding and that bound calcium affects the redox potential of the extractable Mn4 cation in the OEC, making it resistant to reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- B К Semin
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119234.
| | - L N Davletshina
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119234
| | - S N Goryachev
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119234
| | - M Seibert
- Laboratory, BioEnergy Sciences and Technology Directorate, National Renewable Energy, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
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46
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Orio M, Pantazis DA. Successes, challenges, and opportunities for quantum chemistry in understanding metalloenzymes for solar fuels research. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:3952-3974. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cc00705j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Overview of the rich and diverse contributions of quantum chemistry to understanding the structure and function of the biological archetypes for solar fuel research, photosystem II and hydrogenases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maylis Orio
- Aix-Marseille Université
- CNRS
- iSm2
- Marseille
- France
| | - Dimitrios A. Pantazis
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung
- Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1
- 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr
- Germany
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47
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Martin DJ, Johnson SI, Mercado BQ, Raugei S, Mayer JM. Intramolecular Electrostatic Effects on O2, CO2, and Acetate Binding to a Cationic Iron Porphyrin. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:17402-17414. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Martin
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Samantha I. Johnson
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Brandon Q. Mercado
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Simone Raugei
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - James M. Mayer
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
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48
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Chen G, Ma L, Lo PK, Mak CK, Lau KC, Lau TC. Cooperative activating effects of metal ion and Brønsted acid on a metal oxo species. Chem Sci 2020; 12:632-638. [PMID: 34163794 PMCID: PMC8179018 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc04069j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal oxo (M
Created by potrace 1.16, written by Peter Selinger 2001-2019
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O) complexes are common oxidants in chemical and biological systems. The use of Lewis acids to activate metal oxo species has attracted great interest in recent years, especially after the discovery of the CaMn4O5 cluster in the oxygen-evolving centre of photosystem II. Strong Lewis acids such as Sc3+ and BF3, as well as strong Brønsted acids such as H2SO4 and CF3SO3H, are commonly used to activate metal oxo species. In this work, we demonstrate that relatively weak Lewis acids such as Ca2+ and other group 2 metal ions, as well as weak Brønsted acids such as CH3CO2H, can readily activate the stable RuO4− complex towards the oxidation of alkanes. Notably, the use of Ca2+ and CH3CO2H together produces a remarkable cooperative effect on RuO4−, resulting in a much more efficient oxidant. DFT calculations show that Ca2+ and CH3CO2H can bind to two oxo ligands to form a chelate ring. This results in substantial lowering of the barrier for hydrogen atom abstraction from cyclohexane. Combining a weak Lewis acid and weak Brønsted acid produces strong cooperative effects for activating metal oxo species towards alkane oxidation.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui Chen
- Dongguan Cleaner Production Technology Center, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology Dongguan Guangdong 523808 China
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University Guangzhou 510632 China
| | - Po-Kam Lo
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon Tong Hong Kong China
| | - Chi-Keung Mak
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon Tong Hong Kong China
| | - Kai-Chung Lau
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon Tong Hong Kong China
| | - Tai-Chu Lau
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon Tong Hong Kong China
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49
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Kondo M, Masaoka S. Pentanuclear Scaffold: A Molecular Platform for Small-Molecule Conversions. Acc Chem Res 2020; 53:2140-2151. [PMID: 32870647 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Small-molecule conversions involving multielectron transfer processes enable the conversion of earth-abundant materials into valuable chemicals and are regarded as a solution for environmental and energy shortage problems. In this context, the development of artificial catalysts that promote these reactions is an important research target. In nature, metalloenzymes that contain multinuclear metal complexes as active sites are known to efficiently catalyze reactions under mild conditions. Therefore, using multinuclear metal complexes as artificial catalysts can be an attractive strategy for small-molecule conversions involving multielectron transfer processes. However, multinuclear-metal-complex-based catalysts for these reactions have not been well established. In this Account, we describe our recent advances in the development of multinuclear metal complexes as catalysts for small-molecule conversion, mainly focusing on water oxidation. As small-molecule conversions involving multielectron transfer processes consists of two essential processes, (1) the transfer of multiple electrons and (2) the formation/cleavage of covalent bond(s), catalysts for these reactions should facilitate both steps. Therefore, we assumed that the assembly of redox-active metal ions and the cooperative effect of neighboring coordinatively unsaturated metal ions can promote these processes. On the basis of this assumption, we employed a pentanuclear metal complex as a molecular scaffold for the catalyst. The scaffold has a pentanuclear structure with quasi-D3 symmetry and consists of a [M3(μ3-X)] core (X = O2- or OH-) wrapped by two [M(μ-bpp)3] units (Hbpp = 3,5-bis(2-pyridyl)pyrazole). The metal ions in the triangular core are coordinatively unsaturated, whereas the metal ions at the apical positions are coordinatively saturated. In other words, the pentanuclear scaffold possesses multiple redox-active centers and coordinatively unsaturated sites. It should also be noted that the electron transfer ability of the complex changes dramatically depending on the identity of the constituent metal ions. The iron derivative of the pentanuclear scaffold was found to serve as an electrocatalyst for water oxidation (2H2O → O2 + 4e- + 4H+) with a high reaction rate and excellent robustness. The substitution of metal ions in the pentanuclear scaffold to cobalt ions resulted in the development of a catalyst for CO2 reduction. Furthermore, we investigated the effect of substituents on the ligands of the pentanuclear iron complex and succeeded in precisely manipulating the electron transfer possess. These results clearly demonstrate that the pentanuclear scaffold is an attractive platform for catalysts for small-molecule conversions. Additionally, the intrinsic features of the multinuclear catalytic system, which are totally different from those of conventional mononuclear-metal-complex-based catalysts, are disclosed. In reactions mediated by multinuclear complexes, the multinuclear core can initially accumulate the charge required for catalysis to reach the catalytically active state. Subsequently, the catalyst in the active state reacts with the substrate, initiating electron transfer to the substrate and rearrangement of covalent bonds in the substrate to afford the product. In such a mechanism, the desired number of electrons can be transferred to the substrates in an on-demand fashion, and the formation of undesired chemical species in the targeted catalysis may be prevented. This feature of multinuclear-metal-complex-based catalysts will achieve demanding small-molecule conversions with a high reaction rate, selectivity, and durability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mio Kondo
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Masaoka
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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50
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Shoshani MM, Agapie T. Ligand architecture for triangular metal complexes: a high oxidation state Ni 3 cluster with proximal metal arrangement. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:11279-11282. [PMID: 32832943 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc03816d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new multidentate tetraanionic ligand platform for supporting trinuclear transition metal clusters has been developed. Two trisphenoxide phosphinimide ligands bind three Ni centers in a triangular arrangement. The phosphinimide donors bridge in μ3 fashion and the phenoxides complete a pseudo-square planar coordination sphere around each metal center. Electrochemical studies reveal two pseudo-reversible oxidation events at notably low potentials (-0.80 V and +0.05 V). The one electron oxidized species was characterized structurally, and it is assigned as a NiIII-containing cluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manar M Shoshani
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.
| | - Theodor Agapie
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.
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