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Hegde M, Girisa S, Aswani BS, Alqahtani MS, Abbas M, Sethi G, Kunnumakkara AB. Harnessing potential role of gangliosides in immunomodulation and cancer therapeutics. Life Sci 2024; 351:122786. [PMID: 38848944 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Gangliosides represent glycolipids containing sialic acid residues, present on the cell membrane with glycan residues exposed to the extracellular matrix (ECM), while the ceramides are anchored within the membrane. These molecules play a critical role in pathophysiological processes such as host-pathogen interactions, cell-cell recognition, signal transduction, cell adhesion, motility, and immunomodulation. Accumulated evidence suggests the overexpression of gangliosides on tumor tissues in comparison to healthy human tissues. These tumor-associated gangliosides have been implicated in various facets of tumor biology, including cell motility, differentiation, signaling, immunosuppression, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Consequently, these entities emerge as attractive targets for immunotherapeutic interventions. Notably, the administration of antibodies targeting gangliosides has demonstrated cytotoxic effects on cancer cells that exhibit an overexpression of these glycolipids. Passive immunotherapy approaches utilizing murine or murine/human chimeric anti-ganglioside antibodies have been explored as potential treatments for diverse cancer types. Additionally, vaccination strategies employing tumor-associated gangliosides in conjunction with adjuvants have entered the realm of promising techniques currently undergoing clinical trials. The present comprehensive review encapsulates the multifaceted roles of gangliosides in tumor initiation, progression, immunosuppression, and metastasis. Further, an overview is provided of the correlation between the expression status of gangliosides in normal and tumor cells and its impact on cancer patient survival. Furthermore, the discussion extends to ongoing and completed clinical trials employing diverse strategies to target gangliosides, elucidating their effectiveness in treating cancers. This emerging discipline is expected to supply substantial impetus for the establishment of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mangala Hegde
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati (IITG), Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Sosmitha Girisa
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati (IITG), Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Babu Santha Aswani
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati (IITG), Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Mohammed S Alqahtani
- Radiological Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia; BioImaging Unit, Space Research Centre, Michael Atiyah Building, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Mohamed Abbas
- Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore; NUS Center for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117699, Singapore.
| | - Ajaikumar B Kunnumakkara
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati (IITG), Guwahati, Assam 781039, India.
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Itokazu Y, Ariga T, Fuchigami T, Li D. Gangliosides in neural stem cell fate determination and nerve cell specification--preparation and administration. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.09.598109. [PMID: 38915682 PMCID: PMC11195043 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.09.598109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Gangliosides are sialylated glycosphingolipids with essential but enigmatic functions in healthy and disease brains. GD3 is the predominant species in neural stem cells (NSCs) and GD3-synthase (sialyltransferase II; St8Sia1) knockout (GD3S-KO) revealed reduction of postnatal NSC pools with severe behavioral deficits including cognitive impairment, depression-like phenotypes, and olfactory dysfunction. Exogenous administration of GD3 significantly restored the NSC pools and enhanced the stemness of NSCs with multipotency and self-renewal, followed by restored neuronal functions. Our group discovered that GD3 is involved in the maintenance of NSC fate determination by interacting with epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFRs), by modulating expression of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors p27 and p21, and by regulating mitochondrial dynamics via associating a mitochondrial fission protein, the dynamin-related protein-1 (Drp1). Furthermore, we discovered that nuclear GM1 promotes neuronal differentiation by an epigenetic regulatory mechanism. GM1 binds with acetylated histones on the promoter of N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase (GalNAcT; GM2 synthase (GM2S); B4galnt1) as well as on the NeuroD1 in differentiated neurons. In addition, epigenetic activation of the GM2S gene was detected as accompanied by an apparent induction of neuronal differentiation in NSCs responding to an exogenous supplement of GM1. Interestingly, GM1 induced epigenetic activation of the tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) gene, with recruitment of Nurr1 and PITX3, dopaminergic neuron-associated transcription factors, to the TH promoter region. In this way, GM1 epigenetically regulates dopaminergic neuron specific gene expression, and it would modify Parkinson's disease. Multifunctional gangliosides significantly modulate lipid microdomains to regulate functions of important molecules on multiple sites: the plasma membrane, mitochondrial membrane, and nuclear membrane. Versatile gangliosides regulate functional neurons as well as sustain NSC functions via modulating protein and gene activities on ganglioside microdomains. Maintaining proper ganglioside microdomains benefits healthy neuronal development and millions of senior citizens with neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we introduce how to isolate GD3 and GM1 and how to administer them into the mouse brain to investigate their functions on NSC fate determination and nerve cell specification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Itokazu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta 30912, Georgia, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta 30912, Georgia, USA
- Y.I. and T.A. contributed equally to this work
| | - Toshio Ariga
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta 30912, Georgia, USA
- Y.I. and T.A. contributed equally to this work
| | - Takahiro Fuchigami
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta 30912, Georgia, USA
- Departmet of Molecular Diagnosis, Graduate School of Medicine Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Dongpei Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta 30912, Georgia, USA
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Itokazu Y, Terry AV. Potential roles of gangliosides in chemical-induced neurodegenerative diseases and mental health disorders. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1391413. [PMID: 38711942 PMCID: PMC11070511 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1391413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Itokazu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Alvin V. Terry
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
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Merz N, Hartel JC, Grösch S. How ceramides affect the development of colon cancer: from normal colon to carcinoma. Pflugers Arch 2024:10.1007/s00424-024-02960-x. [PMID: 38635059 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-024-02960-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
The integrity of the colon and the development of colon cancer depend on the sphingolipid balance in colon epithelial cells. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on how ceramides and their complex derivatives influence normal colon development and colon cancer development. Ceramides, glucosylceramides and sphingomyelin are essential membrane components and, due to their biophysical properties, can influence the activation of membrane proteins, affecting protein-protein interactions and downstream signalling pathways. Here, we review the cellular mechanisms known to be affected by ceramides and their effects on colon development. We also describe which ceramides are deregulated during colorectal carcinogenesis, the molecular mechanisms involved in ceramide deregulation and how this affects carcinogenesis. Finally, we review new methods that are now state of the art for studying lipid-protein interactions in the physiological environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Merz
- Goethe-University Frankfurt, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jennifer Christina Hartel
- Goethe-University Frankfurt, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sabine Grösch
- Goethe-University Frankfurt, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany.
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany.
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Itokazu Y. Multifunctional glycolipids as multi-targeting therapeutics for neural regeneration. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:707-708. [PMID: 37843195 PMCID: PMC10664132 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.382244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Itokazu
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
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Hein V, Baeza-Kallee N, Bertucci A, Colin C, Tchoghandjian A, Figarella-Branger D, Tabouret E. GD3 ganglioside is a promising therapeutic target for glioma patients. Neurooncol Adv 2024; 6:vdae038. [PMID: 38590763 PMCID: PMC11000324 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdae038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most frequent and aggressive primary brain tumor in adults. Currently, no curative treatment is available. Despite first-line treatment composed by the association of surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, relapse remains inevitable in a median delay of 6 to 10 months. Improving patient management and developing new therapeutic strategies are therefore a critical medical need in neuro-oncology. Gangliosides are sialic acid-containing glycosphingolipids, the most abundant in the nervous system, representing attractive therapeutic targets. The ganglioside GD3 is highly expressed in neuroectoderm-derived tumors such as melanoma and neuroblastoma, but also in gliomas. Moreover, interesting results, including our own, have reported the involvement of GD3 in the stemness of glioblastoma cells. In this review, we will first describe the characteristics of the ganglioside GD3 and its enzyme, the GD3 synthase (GD3S), including their biosynthesis and metabolism. Then, we will detail their expression and role in gliomas. Finally, we will summarize the current knowledge regarding the therapeutic development opportunities against GD3 and GD3S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Hein
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, GlioME Team, Marseille, France
| | - Nathalie Baeza-Kallee
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, GlioME Team, Marseille, France
- Aix-Marseille Univ, Réseau Préclinique et Translationnel de Recherche en Neuro-oncologie PETRA, Plateforme PETRA“TECH” and Plateforme PE”TRANSLA,”Marseille, France
| | - Alexandre Bertucci
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, GlioME Team, Marseille, France
- APHM, CHU Timone, Service de Neuro-Oncologie, MarseilleFrance
| | - Carole Colin
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, GlioME Team, Marseille, France
- Aix-Marseille Univ, Réseau Préclinique et Translationnel de Recherche en Neuro-oncologie PETRA, Plateforme PETRA“TECH” and Plateforme PE”TRANSLA,”Marseille, France
| | - Aurélie Tchoghandjian
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, GlioME Team, Marseille, France
- Aix-Marseille Univ, Réseau Préclinique et Translationnel de Recherche en Neuro-oncologie PETRA, Plateforme PETRA“TECH” and Plateforme PE”TRANSLA,”Marseille, France
| | | | - Emeline Tabouret
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, GlioME Team, Marseille, France
- APHM, CHU Timone, Service de Neuro-Oncologie, MarseilleFrance
- Aix-Marseille Univ, Réseau Préclinique et Translationnel de Recherche en Neuro-oncologie PETRA, Plateforme PETRA“TECH” and Plateforme PE”TRANSLA,”Marseille, France
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Fuchigami T, Itokazu Y, Yu RK. Ganglioside GD3 regulates neural stem cell quiescence and controls postnatal neurogenesis. Glia 2024; 72:167-183. [PMID: 37667994 PMCID: PMC10840680 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
The postnatal neural stem cell (NSC) pool hosts quiescent and activated radial glia-like NSCs contributing to neurogenesis throughout adulthood. However, the underlying regulatory mechanism during the transition from quiescent NSCs to activated NSCs in the postnatal NSC niche is not fully understood. Lipid metabolism and lipid composition play important roles in regulating NSC fate determination. Biological lipid membranes define the individual cellular shape and help maintain cellular organization and are highly heterogeneous in structure and there exist diverse microdomains (also known as lipid rafts), which are enriched with sugar molecules, such as glycosphingolipids. An often overlooked but key aspect is that the functional activities of proteins and genes are highly dependent on their molecular environments. We previously reported that ganglioside GD3 is the predominant species in NSCs and that the reduced postnatal NSC pools are observed in global GD3-synthase knockout (GD3S-KO) mouse brains. The specific roles of GD3 in determining the stage and cell-lineage determination of NSCs remain unclear, since global GD3S-KO mice cannot distinguish if GD3 regulates postnatal neurogenesis or developmental impacts. Here, we show that inducible GD3 deletion in postnatal radial glia-like NSCs promotes NSC activation, resulting in the loss of the long-term maintenance of the adult NSC pools. The reduced neurogenesis in the subventricular zone (SVZ) and the dentate gyrus (DG) of GD3S-conditional-knockout mice led to the impaired olfactory and memory functions. Thus, our results provide convincing evidence that postnatal GD3 maintains the quiescent state of radial glia-like NSCs in the adult NSC niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Fuchigami
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Yutaka Itokazu
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Robert K. Yu
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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Fuchigami T, Itokazu Y, Yu RK. Ganglioside GD3 regulates neural stem cell quiescence and controls postnatal neurogenesis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.14.532547. [PMID: 36993675 PMCID: PMC10055067 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.14.532547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
The postnatal neural stem cell (NSC) pool hosts quiescent and activated radial glia-like NSCs contributing to neurogenesis throughout adulthood. However, the underlying regulatory mechanism during the transition from quiescent NSCs to activated NSCs in the postnatal NSC niche is not fully understood. Lipid metabolism and lipid composition play important roles in regulating NSC fate determination. Biological lipid membranes define the individual cellular shape and help maintain cellular organization and are highly heterogenous in structure and there exist diverse microdomains (also known as lipid rafts), which are enriched with sugar molecules, such as glycosphingolipids. An often overlooked but key aspect is that the functional activities of proteins and genes are highly dependent upon their molecular environments. We previously reported that ganglioside GD3 is the predominant species in NSCs and that the reduced postnatal NSC pools are observed in global GD3-synthase knockout (GD3S-KO) mouse brains. The specific roles of GD3 in determining the stage and cell-lineage determination of NSCs remain unclear, since global GD3S-KO mice cannot distinguish if GD3 regulates postnatal neurogenesis or developmental impacts. Here we show that inducible GD3 deletion in postnatal radial glia-like NSCs promotes the NSC activation, resulting in the loss of the long-term maintenance of the adult NSC pools. The reduced neurogenesis in the subventricular zone (SVZ) and the dentate gyrus (DG) of GD3S-conditional-knockout mice led to impaired olfactory and memory functions. Thus, our results provide convincing evidence that postnatal GD3 maintains the quiescent state of radial glia-like NSCs in the adult NSC niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Fuchigami
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Yutaka Itokazu
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Robert K. Yu
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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Fuchigami T, Itokazu Y, Morgan JC, Yu RK. Restoration of Adult Neurogenesis by Intranasal Administration of Gangliosides GD3 and GM1 in The Olfactory Bulb of A53T Alpha-Synuclein-Expressing Parkinson's-Disease Model Mice. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:3329-3344. [PMID: 36849668 PMCID: PMC10140382 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03282-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder affecting the body and mind of millions of people in the world. As PD progresses, bradykinesia, rigidity, and tremor worsen. These motor symptoms are associated with the neurodegeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. PD is also associated with non-motor symptoms, including loss of smell (hyposmia), sleep disturbances, depression, anxiety, and cognitive impairment. This broad spectrum of non-motor symptoms is in part due to olfactory and hippocampal dysfunctions. These non-motor functions are suggested to be linked with adult neurogenesis. We have reported that ganglioside GD3 is required to maintain the neural stem cell (NSC) pool in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricles and the subgranular layer of the dentate gyrus (DG) in the hippocampus. In this study, we used nasal infusion of GD3 to restore impaired neurogenesis in A53T alpha-synuclein-expressing mice (A53T mice). Intriguingly, intranasal GD3 administration rescued the number of bromodeoxyuridine + (BrdU +)/Sox2 + NSCs in the SVZ. Furthermore, the administration of gangliosides GD3 and GM1 increases doublecortin (DCX)-expressing immature neurons in the olfactory bulb, and nasal ganglioside administration recovered the neuronal populations in the periglomerular layer of A53T mice. Given the relevance of decreased ganglioside on olfactory impairment, we discovered that GD3 has an essential role in olfactory functions. Our results demonstrated that intranasal GD3 infusion restored the self-renewal ability of the NSCs, and intranasal GM1 infusion promoted neurogenesis in the adult brain. Using a combination of GD3 and GM1 has the potential to slow down disease progression and rescue dysfunctional neurons in neurodegenerative brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Fuchigami
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Yutaka Itokazu
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
| | - John C Morgan
- Movement Disorders Program, Parkinson's Foundation Center of Excellence, Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Robert K Yu
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
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Itokazu Y, Fuchigami T, Yu RK. Functional Impairment of the Nervous System with Glycolipid Deficiencies. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 29:419-448. [PMID: 36255683 PMCID: PMC9793801 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-12390-0_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Patients with nervous system disorders suffer from impaired cognitive, sensory and motor functions that greatly inconvenience their daily life and usually burdens their family and society. It is difficult to achieve functional recovery for the damaged central nervous system (CNS) because of its limited ability to regenerate. Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are abundant in the CNS and are known to play essential roles in cell-cell recognition, adhesion, signal transduction, and cellular migration, that are crucial in all phases of neurogenesis. Despite intense investigation of CNS regeneration, the roles of GSLs in neural regeneration remain unclear. Here we focus on the respective potentials of glycolipids to promote regeneration and repair of the CNS. Mice lacking glucosylceramide, lactosylceramide or gangliosides show lethal phenotypes. More importantly, patients with ganglioside deficiencies exhibit severe clinical phenotypes. Further, neurodegenerative diseases and mental health disorders are associated with altered GSL expression. Accumulating studies demonstrate that GSLs not only delimit physical regions but also play central roles in the maintenance of the biological functions of neurons and glia. We anticipate that the ability of GSLs to modulate behavior of a variety of molecules will enable them to ameliorate biochemical and neurobiological defects in patients. The use of GSLs to treat such defects in the human CNS will be a paradigm-shift in approach since GSL-replacement therapy has not yet been achieved in this manner clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Itokazu
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
| | - Takahiro Fuchigami
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Robert K Yu
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
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Gangliosides in Neurodegenerative Diseases. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 29:391-418. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-12390-0_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Itokazu Y, Yu RK. Ganglioside Microdomains on Cellular and Intracellular Membranes Regulate Neuronal Cell Fate Determination. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 29:281-304. [PMID: 36255679 PMCID: PMC9772537 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-12390-0_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Gangliosides are sialylated glycosphingolipids (GSLs) with essential but enigmatic functions in brain activities and neural stem cell (NSC) maintenance. Our group has pioneered research on the importance of gangliosides for growth factor receptor signaling and epigenetic regulation of NSC activity and differentiation. The primary localization of gangliosides is on cell-surface microdomains and the drastic dose and composition changes during neural differentiation strongly suggest that they are not only important as biomarkers, but also are involved in modulating NSC fate determination. Ganglioside GD3 is the predominant species in NSCs and GD3-synthase knockout (GD3S-KO) revealed reduction of postnatal NSC pools with severe behavioral deficits. Exogenous administration of GD3 significantly restored the NSC pools and enhanced the stemness of NSCs with multipotency and self-renewal. Since morphological changes during neurogenesis require a huge amount of energy, mitochondrial functions are vital for neurogenesis. We discovered that a mitochondrial fission protein, the dynamin-related protein-1 (Drp1), as a novel GD3-binding protein, and GD3 regulates mitochondrial dynamics. Furthermore, we discovered that GM1 ganglioside promotes neuronal differentiation by an epigenetic regulatory mechanism. Nuclear GM1 binds with acetylated histones on the promoters of N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase (GalNAcT; GM2 synthase) as well as on the NeuroD1 genes in differentiated neurons. In addition, epigenetic activation of the GalNAcT gene was detected as accompanied by an apparent induction of neuronal differentiation in NSCs responding to an exogenous supplement of GM1. GM1 is indeed localized in the nucleus where it can interact with transcriptionally active histones. Interestingly, GM1 could induce epigenetic activation of the tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) gene, with recruitment of nuclear receptor related 1 (Nurr1, also known as NR4A2), a dopaminergic neuron-associated transcription factor, to the TH promoter region. In this way, GM1 epigenetically regulates dopaminergic neuron specific gene expression. GM1 interacts with active chromatin via acetylated histones to recruit transcription factors at the nuclear periphery, resulting in changes in gene expression for neuronal differentiation. The significance is that multifunctional gangliosides modulate lipid microdomains to regulate functions of important molecules on multiple sites: the plasma membrane, mitochondrial membrane, and nuclear membrane. Versatile gangliosides could regulate functional neurons as well as sustain NSC functions via modulating protein and gene activities on ganglioside microdomains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Itokazu
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Robert K Yu
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
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Yang J, Han L, Sha Y, Jin Y, Li Z, Gong B, Li J, Liu Y, Wang Y, Zhao Q. A novel ganglioside-related risk signature can reveal the distinct immune landscape of neuroblastoma and predict the immunotherapeutic response. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1061814. [PMID: 36605200 PMCID: PMC9807785 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1061814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Gangliosides play an essential role in cancer development and progression. However, the involvement of gangliosides in the prognosis and tumor microenvironment (TME) of neuroblastoma is not entirely understood. Methods Consensus clustering analysis was performed to identify ganglioside-mediated molecular subtypes. LASSO-Cox analysis was conducted to identify independent prognostic genes, and a novel risk signature was constructed. The risk signature was validated internally and externally. We further explored the independent prognosis value, immune landscape, drug susceptibility, and tumor dedifferentiation of the risk signature. The role of the signature gene B3GALT4 in neuroblastoma was explored in vitro. Results Seventeen ganglioside-related genes were differentially expressed between INSS stage 4 and other stages, and two ganglioside-related clusters with distinct prognoses were identified. A novel risk signature integrating ten ganglioside-related prognostic genes was established. Across the train set and external validation sets, the risk signature presented high predictive accuracy and discrimination. The risk signature was an independent prognostic factor and constructed a nomogram combining multiple clinical characteristics. In the high-score group, the deficiency in antigen processing and presenting machinery, lack of immune cell infiltration, and escaping NK cells contributed substantially to immune escape. The low-score group was more responsive to immune checkpoint blockade therapy, while the high-score group showed substantial sensitivity to multiple chemotherapeutic drugs. Besides, the risk score was significantly positively correlated with the stemness index and reduced considerably in all-trans retinoic acid-treated neuroblastoma cell lines, indicating high dedifferentiation in the high-score group. Additionally, neuroblastoma cells with downregulation of B3GALT4 present with increased proliferation, invasion, and metastasis abilities in vitro. Conclusion The novel ganglioside-related risk signature highlights the role of ganglioside in neuroblastoma prognosis and immune landscape and helps optimize chemotherapy and immunotherapy for neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxing Yang
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Lei Han
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Department of Cancer Molecular Diagnostics Core, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yongliang Sha
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Jin
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhongyuan Li
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Baocheng Gong
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Yangyang Wang
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
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14
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Yoon JH, Seo Y, Jo YS, Lee S, Cho E, Cazenave-Gassiot A, Shin YS, Moon MH, An HJ, Wenk MR, Suh PG. Brain lipidomics: From functional landscape to clinical significance. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eadc9317. [PMID: 36112688 PMCID: PMC9481132 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adc9317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Lipids are crucial components of cellular function owing to their role in membrane formation, intercellular signaling, energy storage, and homeostasis maintenance. In the brain, lipid dysregulations have been associated with the etiology and progression of neurodegeneration and other neurological pathologies. Hence, brain lipids are emerging as important potential targets for the early diagnosis and prognosis of neurological diseases. This review aims to highlight the significance and usefulness of lipidomics in diagnosing and treating brain diseases. We explored lipid alterations associated with brain diseases, paying attention to organ-specific characteristics and the functions of brain lipids. As the recent advances in brain lipidomics would have been impossible without advances in analytical techniques, we provide up-to-date information on mass spectrometric approaches and integrative analysis with other omic approaches. Last, we present the potential applications of lipidomics combined with artificial intelligence techniques and interdisciplinary collaborative research for treating brain diseases with clinical heterogeneities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Hyuk Yoon
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngsuk Seo
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Suk Jo
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Seulah Lee
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunji Cho
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Amaury Cazenave-Gassiot
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator (SLING), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Yong-Seung Shin
- Laboratory Solutions Sales, Agilent Technologies Korea Ltd., Seoul, 06621, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong Hee Moon
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Joo An
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Markus R. Wenk
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator (SLING), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Pann-Ghill Suh
- Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
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15
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Leal AF, Suarez DA, Echeverri-Peña OY, Albarracín SL, Alméciga-Díaz CJ, Espejo-Mojica ÁJ. Sphingolipids and their role in health and disease in the central nervous system. Adv Biol Regul 2022; 85:100900. [PMID: 35870382 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2022.100900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Sphingolipids (SLs) are lipids derived from sphingosine, and their metabolism involves a broad and complex network of reactions. Although SLs are widely distributed in the body, it is well known that they are present in high concentrations within the central nervous system (CNS). Under physiological conditions, their abundance and distribution in the CNS depend on brain development and cell type. Consequently, SLs metabolism impairment may have a significant impact on the normal CNS function, and has been associated with several disorders, including sphingolipidoses, Parkinson's, and Alzheimer's. This review summarizes the main SLs characteristics and current knowledge about synthesis, catabolism, regulatory pathways, and their role in physiological and pathological scenarios in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Felipe Leal
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Faculty of Science, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C, Colombia
| | - Diego A Suarez
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Faculty of Science, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C, Colombia
| | - Olga Yaneth Echeverri-Peña
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Faculty of Science, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C, Colombia
| | - Sonia Luz Albarracín
- Nutrition and Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C, Colombia
| | - Carlos Javier Alméciga-Díaz
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Faculty of Science, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C, Colombia.
| | - Ángela Johana Espejo-Mojica
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Faculty of Science, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C, Colombia.
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16
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Xu Y, Sun J, Yang L, Zhao S, Liu X, Su Y, Zhang J, Zhao M. Gangliosides play important roles in the nervous system by regulating ion concentrations. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:1791-1798. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03576-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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17
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Glycosphingolipids in human embryonic stem cells and breast cancer stem cells, and potential cancer therapy strategies based on their structures and functions. Glycoconj J 2022; 39:177-195. [PMID: 35267131 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-021-10032-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Expression profiles of glycosphingolipids (GSLs) in human embryonic stem cell (hESC) lines and their differentiated embryoid body (EB) outgrowth cells, consisting of three germ layers, were surveyed systematically. Several globo- and lacto-series GSLs were identified in undifferentiated hESCs and during differentiation of hESCs to EB outgrowth cells, and core structure switching of these GSLs to gangliosides was observed. Such switching was attributable to altered expression of key glycosyltransferases (GTs) in GSL biosynthetic pathways, reflecting the unique stage-specific transitions and mechanisms characteristic of the differentiation process. Lineage-specific differentiation of hESCs was associated with further GSL alterations. During differentiation of undifferentiated hESCs to neural progenitor cells, core structure switching from globo- and lacto-series to primarily gangliosides (particularly GD3) was again observed. During differentiation to endodermal cells, alterations of GSL profiles were distinct from those in differentiation to EB outgrowth or neural progenitor cells, with high expression of Gb4Cer and low expression of stage-specific embryonic antigen (SSEA)-3, -4, or GD3 in endodermal cells. Again, such profile changes resulted from alterations of key GTs in GSL biosynthetic pathways. Novel glycan structures identified on hESCs and their differentiated counterparts presumably play functional roles in hESCs and related cancer or cancer stem cells, and will be useful as surface biomarkers. We also examined GSL expression profiles in breast cancer stem cells (CSCs), using a model of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-induced human breast CSCs. We found that GD2 and GD3, together with their common upstream GTs, GD3 synthase (GD3S) and GD2/GM2 synthase, maintained stem cell phenotype in breast CSCs. Subsequent studies showed that GD3 was associated with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and activated EGFR signaling in breast CSCs and breast cancer cell lines. GD3S knockdown enhanced cytotoxicity of gefitinib (an EGFR kinase inhibitor) in resistant MDA-MB468 cells, both in vitro and in vivo. Our findings indicate that GD3S contributes to gefitinib resistance in EGFR-positive breast cancer cells, and is a potentially useful therapeutic target in drug-resistant breast cancers.
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18
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Sphingolipid control of cognitive functions in health and disease. Prog Lipid Res 2022; 86:101162. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2022.101162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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19
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Shi Y, Ye Z, Lu G, Yang N, Zhang J, Wang L, Cui J, Del Pozo MA, Wu Y, Xia D, Shen HM. Cholesterol-enriched membrane micro-domaindeficiency induces doxorubicin resistancevia promoting autophagy in breast cancer. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2021; 23:311-329. [PMID: 34786475 PMCID: PMC8573103 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2021.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Drug resistance has become one of the largest challenges for cancer chemotherapies. Under certain conditions, cancer cells hijack autophagy to cope with therapeutic stress, which largely undermines the chemo-therapeutic efficacy. Currently, biomarkers indicative of autophagy-derived drug resistance remain largely inclusive. Here, we report a novel role of lipid rafts/cholesterol-enriched membrane micro-domains (CEMMs) in autophagosome biogenesis and doxorubicin resistance in breast tumors. We showed that CEMMs are required for the interaction of VAMP3 with syntaxin 6 (STX6, a cholesterol-binding SNARE protein). Upon disruption of CEMM, VAMP3 is released from STX6, resulting in the trafficking of ATG16L1-containing vesicles to recycling endosomes and subsequent autophagosome biogenesis. Furthermore, we found that CEMM marker CAV1 is decreased in breast cancer patients and that the CEMM deficiency-induced autophagy is related to doxorubicin resistance, which is overcome by autophagy inhibition. Taken together, we propose a novel model whereby CEMMs in recycling endosomes support the VAMP3 and STX6 interaction and function as barriers to limit the activity of VAMP3 in autophagic vesicle fusion, thus CEMM deficiency promotes autophagosome biogenesis and doxorubicin resistance in breast tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Shi
- Department of Immunology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China.,Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Zu Ye
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore 119077, Singapore.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA
| | - Guang Lu
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Naidi Yang
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore 119077, Singapore.,Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 211800, China
| | - Jianbin Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Liming Wang
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore 119077, Singapore.,School of Biomedical Science, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jianzhou Cui
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Miguel A Del Pozo
- Integrin Signaling Laboratory, Vascular Biology and Inflammation Department, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Yihua Wu
- Department of Toxicology of School of Public Health, and Department of Gynecologic Oncology of Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Dajing Xia
- Department of Toxicology of School of Public Health, and Department of Gynecologic Oncology of Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Han-Ming Shen
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore 119077, Singapore.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China
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20
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Itokazu Y, Fuchigami T, Morgan JC, Yu RK. Intranasal infusion of GD3 and GM1 gangliosides downregulates alpha-synuclein and controls tyrosine hydroxylase gene in a PD model mouse. Mol Ther 2021; 29:3059-3071. [PMID: 34111562 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by Lewy bodies (composed predominantly of alpha-synuclein [aSyn]) and loss of pigmented midbrain dopaminergic neurons comprising the nigrostriatal pathway. Most PD patients show significant deficiency of gangliosides, including GM1, in the brain, and GM1 ganglioside appears to keep dopaminergic neurons functioning properly. Thus, supplementation of GM1 could potentially provide some rescuing effects. In this study, we demonstrate that intranasal infusion of GD3 and GM1 gangliosides reduces intracellular aSyn levels. GM1 also significantly enhances expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in the substantia nigra pars compacta of the A53T aSyn overexpressing mouse, following restored nuclear expression of nuclear receptor related 1 (Nurr1, also known as NR4A2), an essential transcription factor for differentiation, maturation, and maintenance of midbrain dopaminergic neurons. GM1 induces epigenetic activation of the TH gene, including augmentation of acetylated histones and recruitment of Nurr1 to the TH promoter region. Our data indicate that intranasal administration of gangliosides could reduce neurotoxic proteins and restore functional neurons via modulating chromatin status by nuclear gangliosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Itokazu
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
| | - Takahiro Fuchigami
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - John C Morgan
- Movement Disorders Program, Parkinson's Foundation Center of Excellence, Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Robert K Yu
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
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21
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Tang X, Zuo C, Fang P, Liu G, Qiu Y, Huang Y, Tang R. Targeting Glioblastoma Stem Cells: A Review on Biomarkers, Signal Pathways and Targeted Therapy. Front Oncol 2021; 11:701291. [PMID: 34307170 PMCID: PMC8297686 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.701291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) remains the most lethal and common primary brain tumor, even after treatment with multiple therapies, such as surgical resection, chemotherapy, and radiation. Although great advances in medical development and improvements in therapeutic methods of GBM have led to a certain extension of the median survival time of patients, prognosis remains poor. The primary cause of its dismal outcomes is the high rate of tumor recurrence, which is closely related to its resistance to standard therapies. During the last decade, glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) have been successfully isolated from GBM, and it has been demonstrated that these cells are likely to play an indispensable role in the formation, maintenance, and recurrence of GBM tumors, indicating that GSCs are a crucial target for treatment. Herein, we summarize the current knowledge regarding GSCs, their related signaling pathways, resistance mechanisms, crosstalk linking mechanisms, and microenvironment or niche. Subsequently, we present a framework of targeted therapy for GSCs based on direct strategies, including blockade of the pathways necessary to overcome resistance or prevent their function, promotion of GSC differentiation, virotherapy, and indirect strategies, including targeting the perivascular, hypoxic, and immune niches of the GSCs. In summary, targeting GSCs provides a tremendous opportunity for revolutionary approaches to improve the prognosis and therapy of GBM, despite a variety of challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejia Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chenghai Zuo
- Department of Neurosurgery and Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Pengchao Fang
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guojing Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yongyi Qiu
- Department of Neurosurgery, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Ninth People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Rongrui Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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22
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Wang J, Zhang Q, Lu Y, Dong Y, Dhandapani KM, Brann DW, Yu RK. Ganglioside GD3 is up-regulated in microglia and regulates phagocytosis following global cerebral ischemia. J Neurochem 2021; 158:737-752. [PMID: 34133773 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Gangliosides, the major sialic-acid containing glycosphingolipids in the mammalian brain, play important roles in brain development and neural functions. Here, we show that the b-series ganglioside GD3 and its biosynthetic enzyme, GD3-synthase (GD3S), were up-regulated predominantly in the microglia of mouse hippocampus from 2 to 7 days following global cerebral ischemia (GCI). Interestingly, GD3S knockout (GD3S-KO) mice exhibited decreased hippocampal neuronal loss following GCI, as compared to wild-type (WT) mice. While comparable levels of astrogliosis and microglial proliferation were observed between WT and GD3S-KO mice, the phagocytic capacity of the GD3S-KO microglia was significantly compromised after GCI. At 2 and 4 days following GCI, the GD3S-KO microglia demonstrated decreased amoebic morphology, reduced neuronal material engulfment, and lower expression of the phagolysosome marker CD68, as compared to the WT microglia. Finally, by using a microglia-primary neuron co-culture model, we demonstrated that the GD3S-KO microglia isolated from mouse brains at 2 days after GCI are less neurotoxic to co-cultured hippocampal neurons than the WT-GCI microglia. Moreover, the percentage of microglia with engulfed neuronal elements in the co-cultured wells was also significantly decreased in the GD3S-KO mice after GCI. Interestingly, the impaired phagocytic capacity of GD3S-KO microglia could be partially restored by pre-treatment with exogenous ganglioside GD3. Altogether, this study provides functional evidence that ganglioside GD3 regulates phagocytosis by microglia in an ischemic stroke model. Our data also suggest that the GD3-linked microglial phagocytosis may contribute to the mechanism of delayed neuronal death following ischemic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Quanguang Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Yujiao Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Yan Dong
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Krishnan M Dhandapani
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Darrell W Brann
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Robert K Yu
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
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23
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Ohkawa Y, Zhang P, Momota H, Kato A, Hashimoto N, Ohmi Y, Bhuiyan RH, Farhana Y, Natsume A, Wakabayashi T, Furukawa K, Furukawa K. Lack of GD3 synthase (St8sia1) attenuates malignant properties of gliomas in genetically engineered mouse model. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:3756-3768. [PMID: 34145699 PMCID: PMC8409297 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
High expression of gangliosides GD3 and GD2 is observed in human gliomas. The functions of GD3 and GD2 in malignant properties have been reported in glioma cells in vitro, but those functions have not yet been investigated in vivo. In this study, we showed that deficiency of GD3 synthase (GD3S, St8sia1) attenuated glioma progression and clinical and pathological features in a platelet-derived growth factor B-driven murine glioma model. Lack of GD3S resulted in the prolonged lifespan of glioma-bearing mice and low-grade pathology in generated gliomas. Correspondingly, they showed reduced phosphorylation levels of Akt, Erks, and Src family kinases in glioma tissues. A DNA microarray study revealed marked alteration in the expression of various genes, particularly in MMP family genes, in GD3S-deficient gliomas. Re-expression of GD3S restored expression of MMP9 in primary-cultured glioma cells. We also identified a transcription factor, Ap2α, expressed in parallel with GD3S expression, and showed that Ap2α was critical for the induction of MMP9 by transfection of its cDNA and luciferase reporter genes, and a ChIP assay. These findings suggest that GD3S enhances the progression of gliomas by enhancement of the Ap2α-MMP9 axis. This is the first report to describe the tumor-enhancing functions of GD3S in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Ohkawa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chubu University College of Life and Health Sciences, Kasugai, Japan.,Department of Glyco-Oncology and Medical Biochemistry, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Pu Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chubu University College of Life and Health Sciences, Kasugai, Japan.,Department of Biochemistry II, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Momota
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Surgical Neuro-Oncology, The Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Kato
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Noboru Hashimoto
- Department of Biochemistry II, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuhsuke Ohmi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chubu University College of Life and Health Sciences, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Robiul H Bhuiyan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chubu University College of Life and Health Sciences, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Yesmin Farhana
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chubu University College of Life and Health Sciences, Kasugai, Japan.,Department of Biochemistry II, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Atsushi Natsume
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Wakabayashi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Keiko Furukawa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chubu University College of Life and Health Sciences, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Koichi Furukawa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chubu University College of Life and Health Sciences, Kasugai, Japan.,Department of Biochemistry II, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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24
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Abreu CA, Teixeira-Pinheiro LC, Lani-Louzada R, da Silva-Junior AJ, Vasques JF, Gubert F, Nascimento-Dos-Santos G, Mohana-Borges R, Matos EDS, Pimentel-Coelho PM, Santiago MF, Mendez-Otero R. GD3 synthase deletion alters retinal structure and impairs visual function in mice. J Neurochem 2021; 158:694-709. [PMID: 34081777 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Gangliosides are glycosphingolipids abundantly expressed in the vertebrate nervous system, and are classified into a-, b-, or c-series according to the number of sialic acid residues. The enzyme GD3 synthase converts GM3 (an a-series ganglioside) into GD3, a b-series ganglioside highly expressed in the developing and adult retina. The present study evaluated the visual system of GD3 synthase knockout mice (GD3s-/- ), morphologically and functionally. The absence of b- series gangliosides in the retinas of knockout animals was confirmed by mass spectrometry imaging, which also indicated an accumulation of a-series gangliosides, such as GM3. Retinal ganglion cell (RGC) density was significantly reduced in GD3s-/- mice, with a similar reduction in the number of axons in the optic nerve. Knockout animals also showed a 15% reduction in the number of photoreceptor nuclei, but no difference in the bipolar cells. The area occupied by GFAP-positive glial cells was smaller in GD3s-/- retinas, but the number of microglial cells/macrophages did not change. In addition to the morphological alterations, a 30% reduction in light responsiveness was detected through quantification of pS6-expressing RGC, an indicator of neural activity. Furthermore, electroretinography (ERG) indicated a significant reduction in RGC and photoreceptor electrical activity in GD3s-/- mice, as indicated by scotopic ERG and pattern ERG (PERG) amplitudes. Finally, evaluation of the optomotor response demonstrated that GD3s-/- mice have reduced visual acuity and contrast sensitivity. These results suggest that b-series gangliosides play a critical role in regulating the structure and function of the mouse visual system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Andreia Abreu
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Medicina Regenerativa, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Leandro Coelho Teixeira-Pinheiro
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Medicina Regenerativa, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rafael Lani-Louzada
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Almir Jordão da Silva-Junior
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Medicina Regenerativa, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Juliana F Vasques
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Medicina Regenerativa, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Gubert
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Medicina Regenerativa, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Ronaldo Mohana-Borges
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Eduardo de Souza Matos
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Pedro Moreno Pimentel-Coelho
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Medicina Regenerativa, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Felippe Santiago
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Medicina Regenerativa, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rosalia Mendez-Otero
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Medicina Regenerativa, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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25
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Inokuchi JI, Kanoh H, Inamori KI, Nagafuku M, Nitta T, Fukase K. Homeostatic and pathogenic roles of the GM3 ganglioside. FEBS J 2021; 289:5152-5165. [PMID: 34125497 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Two decades ago, we achieved molecular cloning of ganglioside GM3 synthase (GM3S; ST3GAL5), the enzyme responsible for initiating biosynthesis of complex gangliosides. The efforts of our research group since then have been focused on clarifying the physiological and pathological roles of gangliosides, particularly GM3. This review summarizes our long-term studies on the roles of GM3 in insulin resistance and adipogenesis in adipose tissues, cholesterol uptake in intestine, and leptin resistance in hypothalamus. We hypothesized that GM3 plays a role in innate immune function of macrophages and demonstrated that molecular species of GM3 with differing acyl-chain structures and modifications functioned as pro- and anti-inflammatory endogenous Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) modulators in macrophages. Very-long-chain and α-hydroxy GM3 species enhanced TLR4 activation, whereas long-chain and unsaturated GM3 species counteracted this effect. Lipidomic analyses of serum and adipose tissues revealed that imbalances between such pro- and anti-inflammatory GM3 species promoted progression of metabolic disorders. GM3 thus functions as a physiological regulatory factor controlling the balance between homeostatic and pathological states. Ongoing studies based on these findings will clarify the mechanisms underlying ganglioside-dependent control of energy homeostasis and innate immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ichi Inokuchi
- Division of Glycopathology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan.,Core for Medicine and Science Collaborative Research and Education (MS-CORE), Project Research Center for Fundamental Sciences, Osaka University, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Kanoh
- Division of Glycopathology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kei-Ichiro Inamori
- Division of Glycopathology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masakazu Nagafuku
- Division of Glycopathology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nitta
- Division of Glycopathology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Koichi Fukase
- Core for Medicine and Science Collaborative Research and Education (MS-CORE), Project Research Center for Fundamental Sciences, Osaka University, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Japan
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26
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Cavdarli S, Schröter L, Albers M, Baumann AM, Vicogne D, Le Doussal JM, Mühlenhoff M, Delannoy P, Groux-Degroote S. Role of Sialyl- O-Acetyltransferase CASD1 on GD2 Ganglioside O-Acetylation in Breast Cancer Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061468. [PMID: 34208013 PMCID: PMC8230688 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The O-acetylated form of GD2, almost exclusively expressed in cancerous tissues, is considered to be a promising therapeutic target for neuroectoderm-derived tumors, especially for breast cancer. Our recent data have shown that 9-O-acetylated GD2 (9-OAcGD2) is the major O-acetylated ganglioside species in breast cancer cells. In 2015, Baumann et al. proposed that Cas 1 domain containing 1 (CASD1), which is the only known human sialyl-O-acetyltransferase, plays a role in GD3 O-acetylation. However, the mechanisms of ganglioside O-acetylation remain poorly understood. The aim of this study was to determine the involvement of CASD1 in GD2 O-acetylation in breast cancer. The role of CASD1 in OAcGD2 synthesis was first demonstrated using wild type CHO and CHOΔCasd1 cells as cellular models. Overexpression using plasmid transfection and siRNA strategies was used to modulate CASD1 expression in SUM159PT breast cancer cell line. Our results showed that OAcGD2 expression was reduced in SUM159PT that was transiently depleted for CASD1 expression. Additionally, OAcGD2 expression was increased in SUM159PT cells transiently overexpressing CASD1. The modulation of CASD1 expression using transient transfection strategies provided interesting insights into the role of CASD1 in OAcGD2 and OAcGD3 biosynthesis, and it highlights the importance of further studies on O-acetylation mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumeyye Cavdarli
- Univ Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576-UGSF- Unité de Glycosylation Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France; (S.C.); (D.V.); (P.D.)
| | - Larissa Schröter
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30623 Hannover, Germany; (L.S.); (M.A.); (A.-M.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Malena Albers
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30623 Hannover, Germany; (L.S.); (M.A.); (A.-M.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Anna-Maria Baumann
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30623 Hannover, Germany; (L.S.); (M.A.); (A.-M.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Dorothée Vicogne
- Univ Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576-UGSF- Unité de Glycosylation Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France; (S.C.); (D.V.); (P.D.)
| | | | - Martina Mühlenhoff
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30623 Hannover, Germany; (L.S.); (M.A.); (A.-M.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Philippe Delannoy
- Univ Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576-UGSF- Unité de Glycosylation Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France; (S.C.); (D.V.); (P.D.)
| | - Sophie Groux-Degroote
- Univ Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576-UGSF- Unité de Glycosylation Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France; (S.C.); (D.V.); (P.D.)
- Correspondence:
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27
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Abstract
The traditional methods to study lipid rafts and their association with membrane proteins are based mainly on the isolation of a detergent-resistant membrane by biochemical fractionation. However, the use of detergents may induce lipid segregation and/or redistribution of membrane proteins during the process of sample preparation. Here, we describe a detergent-free method to study the glycolipid and growth factor receptor interaction and their association with lipid rafts. This method combines the biochemical and immunoblotting tools with confocal microscopic imaging, which allows for evaluation and verification of the membrane protein interaction and association with the lipid rafts components in a multifaceted manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Robert K Yu
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
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28
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Astrocyte-Derived Estrogen Regulates Reactive Astrogliosis and is Neuroprotective following Ischemic Brain Injury. J Neurosci 2020; 40:9751-9771. [PMID: 33158962 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0888-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of the 17β-estradiol (E2) synthesis enzyme aromatase is highly upregulated in astrocytes following brain injury. However, the precise role of astrocyte-derived E2 in the injured brain remains unclear. In the current study, we generated a glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) promoter-driven aromatase knock-out (GFAP-ARO-KO) mouse model to deplete astrocyte-derived E2 in the brain and determine its roles after global cerebral ischemia (GCI) in male and female mice. GFAP-ARO-KO mice were viable and fertile, with normal gross brain structure, normal morphology, intensity and distribution of astrocytes, normal aromatase expression in neurons, and normal cognitive function basally. In contrast, after GCI, GFAP-ARO-KO mice: (1) lacked the normal elevation of astrocyte aromatase and hippocampal E2 levels; (2) had significantly attenuated reactive astrogliosis; and (3) displayed enhanced neuronal damage, microglia activation, and cognitive deficits. RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis revealed that the ischemic GFAP-ARO-KO mouse hippocampus failed to upregulate the "A2" panel of reactive astrocyte genes. In addition, the JAK-STAT3 pathway, which is critical for the induction of reactive astrogliosis, was significantly downregulated in the GFAP-ARO-KO hippocampus following GCI. Finally, exogenous E2 administration fully rescued the compromised JAK-STAT3 pathway and reactive astrogliosis, and reversed the enhanced neuronal damage and microglial activation in the GFAP-ARO-KO mice after GCI, suggesting that the defects in the KO mice are because of a loss of E2 rather than an increase in precursor androgens. In conclusion, the current study provides novel genetic evidence for a beneficial role of astrocyte-derived E2 in reactive astrogliosis, microglial activation, and neuroprotection following an ischemic injury to the brain.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Following cerebral ischemia, reactive astrocytes express the enzyme aromatase and produce 17β-estradiol (E2), although the precise role of astrocyte-derived E2 is poorly understood. In this study, we generated a glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) promoter-driven aromatase knock-out (GFAP-ARO-KO) mouse to deplete astrocyte-derived E2 and elucidate its roles after global cerebral ischemia (GCI). The GFAP-ARO-KO mice exhibited significantly attenuated reactive astrogliosis, as well as enhanced microglial activation, neuronal damage, and cognitive dysfunction after GCI. Transcriptome analysis further revealed that astrocyte-derived E2 was critical for the induction of the JAK-STAT3 signaling pathway, as well as the A2 reactive astrocyte phenotype after ischemia. Collectively, these findings indicate that astrocyte-derived E2 has a key role in the regulation of reactive astrogliosis, microglial activation, and neuroprotection after cerebral ischemia.
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29
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Ferent J, Zaidi D, Francis F. Extracellular Control of Radial Glia Proliferation and Scaffolding During Cortical Development and Pathology. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:578341. [PMID: 33178693 PMCID: PMC7596222 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.578341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
During the development of the cortex, newly generated neurons migrate long-distances in the expanding tissue to reach their final positions. Pyramidal neurons are produced from dorsal progenitors, e.g., radial glia (RGs) in the ventricular zone, and then migrate along RG processes basally toward the cortex. These neurons are hence dependent upon RG extensions to support their migration from apical to basal regions. Several studies have investigated how intracellular determinants are required for RG polarity and subsequent formation and maintenance of their processes. Fewer studies have identified the influence of the extracellular environment on this architecture. This review will focus on extracellular factors which influence RG morphology and pyramidal neuronal migration during normal development and their perturbations in pathology. During cortical development, RGs are present in different strategic positions: apical RGs (aRGs) have their cell bodies located in the ventricular zone with an apical process contacting the ventricle, while they also have a basal process extending radially to reach the pial surface of the cortex. This particular conformation allows aRGs to be exposed to long range and short range signaling cues, whereas basal RGs (bRGs, also known as outer RGs, oRGs) have their cell bodies located throughout the cortical wall, limiting their access to ventricular factors. Long range signals impacting aRGs include secreted molecules present in the embryonic cerebrospinal fluid (e.g., Neuregulin, EGF, FGF, Wnt, BMP). Secreted molecules also contribute to the extracellular matrix (fibronectin, laminin, reelin). Classical short range factors include cell to cell signaling, adhesion molecules and mechano-transduction mechanisms (e.g., TAG1, Notch, cadherins, mechanical tension). Changes in one or several of these components influencing the RG extracellular environment can disrupt the development or maintenance of RG architecture on which neuronal migration relies, leading to a range of cortical malformations. First, we will detail the known long range signaling cues impacting RG. Then, we will review how short range cell contacts are also important to instruct the RG framework. Understanding how RG processes are structured by their environment to maintain and support radial migration is a critical part of the investigation of neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Ferent
- Inserm, U 1270, Paris, France.,Sorbonne University, UMR-S 1270, IFM, Paris, France.,Institut du Fer á Moulin, Paris, France
| | - Donia Zaidi
- Inserm, U 1270, Paris, France.,Sorbonne University, UMR-S 1270, IFM, Paris, France.,Institut du Fer á Moulin, Paris, France
| | - Fiona Francis
- Inserm, U 1270, Paris, France.,Sorbonne University, UMR-S 1270, IFM, Paris, France.,Institut du Fer á Moulin, Paris, France
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30
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Yao N, Wang CR, Liu MQ, Li YJ, Chen WM, Li ZQ, Qi Q, Lu JJ, Fan CL, Chen MF, Qi M, Li XB, Hong J, Zhang DM, Ye WC. Discovery of a novel EGFR ligand DPBA that degrades EGFR and suppresses EGFR-positive NSCLC growth. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:214. [PMID: 33033232 PMCID: PMC7544691 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00251-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activation plays a pivotal role in EGFR-driven non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and is considered as a key target of molecular targeted therapy. EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have been canonically used in NSCLC treatment. However, prevalent innate and acquired resistances and EGFR kinase-independent pro-survival properties limit the clinical efficacy of EGFR TKIs. Therefore, the discovery of novel EGFR degraders is a promising approach towards improving therapeutic efficacy and overcoming drug resistance. Here, we identified a 23-hydroxybetulinic acid derivative, namely DPBA, as a novel EGFR small-molecule ligand. It exerted potent in vitro and in vivo anticancer activity in both EGFR wild type and mutant NSCLC by degrading EGFR. Mechanistic studies disclosed that DPBA binds to the EGFR extracellular domain at sites differing from those of EGF and EGFR. DPBA did not induce EGFR dimerization, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination, but it significantly promoted EGFR degradation and repressed downstream survival pathways. Further analyses showed that DPBA induced clathrin-independent EGFR endocytosis mediated by flotillin-dependent lipid rafts and unaffected by EGFR TKIs. Activation of the early and late endosome markers rab5 and rab7 but not the recycling endosome marker rab11 was involved in DPBA-induced EGFR lysosomal degradation. The present study offers a new EGFR ligand for EGFR pharmacological degradation and proposes it as a potential treatment for EGFR-positive NSCLC, particularly NSCLC with innate or acquired EGFR TKI resistance. DPBA can also serve as a chemical probe in the studies on EGFR trafficking and degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Yao
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chen-Ran Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming-Qun Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying-Jie Li
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Min Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zheng-Qiu Li
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Qi
- School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin-Jian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Chun-Lin Fan
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min-Feng Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Qi
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Bo Li
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Hong
- School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong-Mei Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China. .,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Wen-Cai Ye
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China. .,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
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31
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Tang FL, Wang J, Itokazu Y, Yu RK. Ganglioside GD3 regulates dendritic growth in newborn neurons in adult mouse hippocampus via modulation of mitochondrial dynamics. J Neurochem 2020; 156:819-833. [PMID: 32743804 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ganglioside GD3, a major ganglioside species in neural stem cells, plays a crucial role in maintenance of the self-renewal capacity of these cells. However, its bioactivity in postnatally differentiated neurons in the neurogenic regions of adult brains has not been elucidated. Here, we describe for the first time that deletion of GD3 not only impairs neurotrophin-induced stem cell proliferation, but also alters the dendritic structure as well as the number of synapses of nascent neurons in the dentate gyrus of adult brain. When examining the behavioral phenotypes, GD3 synthase-knockout (GD3S-KO) mice displayed impairment in hippocampus-dependent memory function. To further gain insight into its cellular function, we examined GD3-binding partners from mouse brain extract using a GD3-specific monoclonal antibody, R24, followed by LC-MS/MS analysis and identified a mitochondrial fission protein, the dynamin-related protein-1 (Drp1), as a novel GD3-binding protein. Biochemical and imaging analyses revealed mitochondrial fragmentation in GD3-depleted dentate gyrus neurons, suggesting that GD3 is essential for the mitochondrial Drp1 turnover that is required for efficient mitochondrial fission. These results suggest that GD3 is required for proper dendritic and spine maturation of newborn neurons in adult brain through the regulation of mitochondrial dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Lei Tang
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Yutaka Itokazu
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Robert K Yu
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
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32
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Schengrund CL. Gangliosides and Neuroblastomas. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5313. [PMID: 32726962 PMCID: PMC7432824 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The focus of this review is the ganglio-series of glycosphingolipids found in neuroblastoma (NB) and the myriad of unanswered questions associated with their possible role(s) in this cancer. NB is one of the more common solid malignancies of children. Five-year survival for those diagnosed with low risk NB is 90-95%, while that for children with high-risk NB is around 40-50%. Much of the survival rate reflects age of diagnosis with children under a year having a much better prognosis than those over two. Identification of expression of GD2 on the surface of most NB cells led to studies of the effectiveness and subsequent approval of anti-GD2 antibodies as a treatment modality. Despite much success, a subset of patients, possibly those whose tumors fail to express concentrations of gangliosides such as GD1b and GT1b found in tumors from patients with a good prognosis, have tumors refractory to treatment. These observations support discussion of what is known about control of ganglioside synthesis, and their actual functions in NB, as well as their possible relationship to treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara-Lynne Schengrund
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
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33
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Sarmento MJ, Ricardo JC, Amaro M, Šachl R. Organization of gangliosides into membrane nanodomains. FEBS Lett 2020; 594:3668-3697. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria J. Sarmento
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences Prague 8 Czech Republic
| | - Joana C. Ricardo
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences Prague 8 Czech Republic
| | - Mariana Amaro
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences Prague 8 Czech Republic
| | - Radek Šachl
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences Prague 8 Czech Republic
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34
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Wu H, Ding L, Wang Y, Zou TB, Wang T, Fu W, Lin Y, Zhang X, Chen K, Lei Y, Zhong C, Luo C. MiR-615 Regulates NSC Differentiation In Vitro and Contributes to Spinal Cord Injury Repair by Targeting LINGO-1. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:3057-3074. [PMID: 32462552 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-01936-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
LINGO-1(LRR and Ig domain-containing NOGO receptor interacting protein 1) is a viable target for spinal cord injury (SCI) repair due to its potent negative regulation in neuron survival and axonal regeneration. Although promising, the intracellular mechanism underlying LINGO-1 regulation is unclear. Here, we identified miR-615 as a potential microRNA (miRNA) that directly targets LINGO-1 by binding its 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) and caused the translation inhibition of LINGO-1. MiR-615 negatively regulated LINGO-1 during neural stem cell (NSC) differentiation and facilitated its neuronal differentiation in vitro. Interestingly, compared to the control, neurons differentiated from miR-615-treated NSCs were immature with short processes. Further results showed LINGO-1/epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling may be involved in this process, as blockade of EGFR using specific antagonist resulted in mature neurons with long processes. Furthermore, intrathecal administration of miR-615 agomir in SCI rats effectively knocked down LINGO-1, increased neuronal survival, enhanced axonal extension and myelination, and improved recovery of hindlimbs motor functions. This work thus uncovers miR-615 as an effective miRNA that regulates LINGO-1 in NSC and SCI animals, and suggests miR-615 as a potential therapeutic target for traumatic central nervous system (CNS) injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfu Wu
- Institute of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Physiology, Guangdong Medical University, No. 1, Xin Cheng Road, Songshan Lake, Dongguan, 523808, China.
| | - Lu Ding
- Institute of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Physiology, Guangdong Medical University, No. 1, Xin Cheng Road, Songshan Lake, Dongguan, 523808, China.,Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuhui Wang
- Department of Surgery, The Third Hospital of Guangdong Medical University (Longjiang Hospital of Shunde District), Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Tang-Bin Zou
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Surgery, The Third Hospital of Guangdong Medical University (Longjiang Hospital of Shunde District), Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenjin Fu
- Clinical Laboratory, Dongguan Municipal Houjie Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Yong Lin
- Department of Surgery, The Third Hospital of Guangdong Medical University (Longjiang Hospital of Shunde District), Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Institute of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Physiology, Guangdong Medical University, No. 1, Xin Cheng Road, Songshan Lake, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Kangzhen Chen
- Institute of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Physiology, Guangdong Medical University, No. 1, Xin Cheng Road, Songshan Lake, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Yutian Lei
- Hand & Foot Surgery, Dongguan Municipal Houjie Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Caitang Zhong
- Department of Surgery, The Third Hospital of Guangdong Medical University (Longjiang Hospital of Shunde District), Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Chuanming Luo
- Department of Neurology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No.628, Zhenyuan Road, Xinhu Street, Guangming New District, Shenzhen, 518107, China.
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35
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Itokazu Y, Li D, Yu RK. Intracerebroventricular Infusion of Gangliosides Augments the Adult Neural Stem Cell Pool in Mouse Brain. ASN Neuro 2020; 11:1759091419884859. [PMID: 31635474 PMCID: PMC6806120 DOI: 10.1177/1759091419884859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that ganglioside GD3 is the predominant species in
neural stem cells (NSCs) and reduced postnatal NSC pools are observed
in both the subventricular zone and dentate gyrus (DG) of GD3-synthase
knockout (GD3S-KO) mouse brains. Specifically, deficiency of GD3 in
GD3S-KO animals revealed a dramatic reduction in cellularity in the DG
of the hippocampus of the developing mouse brain, resulting in severe
behavioral deficits in these animals. To further evaluate the
functional role of GD3 in postnatal brain, we performed rescue
experiments by intracerebroventricular infusion of ganglioside GD3 in
adult GD3S-KO animals and found that it could restore the NSC pools
and enhance the NSCs for self-renewal. Furthermore, 5xFAD mouse model
was utilized, and GD3 restored NSC numbers and GM1 promoted neuronal
differentiation. Our results thus demonstrate that exogenously
administered gangliosides are capable to restore the function of
postnatal NSCs. Since ganglioside expression profiles are associated
not only with normal brain development but also with pathogenic
mechanisms of diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, we anticipate
that the administration of exogenous gangliosides, such as GD3 and
GM1, may represent a novel and effective strategy for promoting adult
neurogenesis in damaged brain for disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Itokazu
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, GA, USA
| | - Dongpei Li
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, GA, USA
| | - Robert K Yu
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, GA, USA
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36
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Paiva IHR, Duarte-Silva E, Peixoto CA. The role of prebiotics in cognition, anxiety, and depression. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2020; 34:1-18. [PMID: 32241688 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2020.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The disruption of the gut microbial composition, defined as dysbiosis, has been associated with many neurological disorders with inflammatory components. The alteration of the gut microbiota leads to an increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines that are associated with metabolic diseases (such as obesity and type 2 diabetes), autoimmune arthritis, and neuropsychiatric diseases. Prebiotics are defined as non-digestible carbohydrates and promote the growth of beneficial bacteria such as bifidobacteria and lactobacillus, exert beneficial effects on improving dysbiosis and its associated inflammatory state. Preclinical and clinical data indicated that some prebiotics also have positive impacts on the central nervous system (CNS) due to the modulation of neuroinflammation and thus may have a key role in the modulation of cognitive impairment, anxiety, and depression. The present manuscript reviews the state-of-art of the effects of prebiotics in cognitive impairment, anxiety, and depressive disorders. Data from clinical studies are still scarce, and further clinical trials are needed to corroborate the potential therapeutic cognitive, antidepressant, and anxiolytic of prebiotics. Prebiotics may provide patients suffering from cognitive deficits, depression, and anxiety with a new tool to minimize disease symptoms and increase the quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Henrique R Paiva
- Laboratory of Ultrastructure, Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM), Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, s/n, Cidade Universitária, 50.670-420 Recife, PE, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences (PPGCB), Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Brazil
| | - Eduardo Duarte-Silva
- Laboratory of Ultrastructure, Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM), Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, s/n, Cidade Universitária, 50.670-420 Recife, PE, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Biosciences and Biotechnology for Health (PPGBBS), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ-PE)/Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM), Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Christina Alves Peixoto
- Laboratory of Ultrastructure, Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM), Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, s/n, Cidade Universitária, 50.670-420 Recife, PE, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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37
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Jennemann R, Kaden S, Volz M, Nordström V, Herzer S, Sandhoff R, Gröne HJ. Gangliosides modulate insulin secretion by pancreatic beta cells under glucose stress. Glycobiology 2020; 30:722-734. [PMID: 32149357 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwaa022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In pancreatic beta cells, the entry of glucose and downstream signaling for insulin release is regulated by the glucose transporter 2 (Glut2) in rodents. Dysfunction of the insulin-signaling cascade may lead to diabetes mellitus. Gangliosides, sialic acid-containing glycosphingolipids (GSLs), have been reported to modulate the function of several membrane proteins.Murine islets express predominantly sialylated GSLs, particularly the simple gangliosides GM3 and GD3 having a potential modulatory role in Glut2 activity. Conditional, tamoxifen-inducible gene targeting in pancreatic islets has now shown that mice lacking the glucosylceramide synthase (Ugcg), which represents the rate-limiting enzyme in GSL biosynthesis, displayed impaired glucose uptake and showed reduced insulin secretion. Consequently, mice with pancreatic GSL deficiency had higher blood glucose levels than respective controls after intraperitoneal glucose application. High-fat diet feeding enhanced this effect. GSL-deficient islets did not show apoptosis or ER stress and displayed a normal ultrastructure. Their insulin content, size and number were similar as in control islets. Isolated beta cells from GM3 synthase null mice unable to synthesize GM3 and GD3 also showed lower glucose uptake than respective control cells, corroborating the results obtained from the cell-specific model. We conclude that in particular the negatively charged gangliosides GM3 and GD3 of beta cells positively influence Glut2 function to adequately respond to high glucose loads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Jennemann
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.,Lipid Pathobiochemistry Group, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Sylvia Kaden
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Martina Volz
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Viola Nordström
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Silke Herzer
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Roger Sandhoff
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.,Lipid Pathobiochemistry Group, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Hermann-Josef Gröne
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.,Institute of Pharmacology, University of Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Straße 2 Marburg 35043, Germany
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38
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Hou S, Hang Q, Isaji T, Fukuda T, Gu J. Identification of the minimal N-glycosylation on integrin α5β1 required for its inhibitory effect on EGFR signaling and cell proliferation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 523:226-232. [PMID: 31858971 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.11.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The N-glycosylation of integrin α5β1 is involved in multiple cell biological functions. Our group previously reported that the N-glycosylation of the Calf-1,2 domain on α5 subunit (S3-5,10-14) was important for its inhibitory effect on EGFR signaling through regulating α5-EGFR complex formation. In this follow-up study, we provide evidence that the N-glycosylation on integrin β1 subunit suppress cell growth by promoting its association with EGFR under fibronectin (FN)-coated conditions. Expression of wild-type (WT) β1, but not the N-glycosylation mutant S4-6 β1, which contains fewer N-glycans, inhibited EGFR signaling and cell proliferation after cell adhesion to FN. Furthermore, consistent restoration of the N-glycans on sites 1-3 of β1 reinstated the inhibitory effects. Mechanistically, the N-glycosylation mutant of β1 (S4-6+1-3) inhibited the EGFR response upon EGF stimulation via facilitating the α5β1-EGFR complex formation. Moreover, we identified the N-glycosylation of sites 10-14 on α5 and 1-3 on β1 were most important for EGFR signaling. Taken together, these data indicate that α5S3-5+10-14β1S4-6+1-3 mutant represents the minimal N-glycosylation required for its regulation on EGFR signaling and cell proliferation, providing a plausible mechanism for the crosstalk between with α5β1 and EGFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sicong Hou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, China; Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, China; Division of Regulatory Glycobiology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aobaku, Sendai, Miyagi, 981-8558, Japan.
| | - Qinglei Hang
- Division of Regulatory Glycobiology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aobaku, Sendai, Miyagi, 981-8558, Japan
| | - Tomoya Isaji
- Division of Regulatory Glycobiology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aobaku, Sendai, Miyagi, 981-8558, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Fukuda
- Division of Regulatory Glycobiology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aobaku, Sendai, Miyagi, 981-8558, Japan
| | - Jianguo Gu
- Division of Regulatory Glycobiology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aobaku, Sendai, Miyagi, 981-8558, Japan.
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39
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Cavdarli S, Groux-Degroote S, Delannoy P. Gangliosides: The Double-Edge Sword of Neuro-Ectodermal Derived Tumors. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E311. [PMID: 31357634 PMCID: PMC6723632 DOI: 10.3390/biom9080311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gangliosides, the glycosphingolipids carrying one or several sialic acid residues, are mostly localized at the plasma membrane in lipid raft domains and implicated in many cellular signaling pathways mostly by interacting with tyrosine kinase receptors. Gangliosides are divided into four series according to the number of sialic acid residues, which can be also modified by O-acetylation. Both ganglioside expression and sialic acid modifications can be modified in pathological conditions such as cancer, which can induce either pro-cancerous or anti-cancerous effects. In this review, we summarize the specific functions of gangliosides in neuro-ectodermal derived tumors, and their roles in reprogramming the lipidomic profile of cell membrane occurring with the induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumeyye Cavdarli
- Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F59000 Lille, France
| | - Sophie Groux-Degroote
- Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F59000 Lille, France
| | - Philippe Delannoy
- Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F59000 Lille, France.
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40
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Ogawa Y, Sasanuma Y, Shitara S, Koshizuka A, Okada R, Sakuraba H, Oishi K. Abnormal organization during neurodevelopment in a mouse model of Sandhoff disease. Neurosci Res 2019; 155:12-19. [PMID: 31340161 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2019.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Sandhoff disease (SD) is a genetic disorder caused by a mutation of HEXB, which is the β-subunit gene of β-hexosaminidase A and B (HexA and HexB) in humans. HEXB mutation reduces HexA and HexB enzymatic activities, and results in the massive accumulation of ganglioside GM2 in the nervous system. Severe phenotypes of SD show progressive neurodegeneration in human infants, and lysosomal dysfunction that may affect the early development of the nervous system. In a previous study, neural stem cells (NSCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells derived from SD model mice, which are Hexb-deficient (Hexb-/-), demonstrated impaired neuronal differentiation. This study investigated early neurodevelopment in vivo using Hexb-/- mice. The structure of adult cerebral cortices of Hexb-/- mice was normal. However, the expression of Sox2, an NSC-related gene, was reduced in the embryonic cerebral cortices of Hexb-/- mice. Moreover, a reduction of early neuronal migration and differentiation was observed in the embryonic cerebral cortices of Hexb-/- mice. In addition, we showed that the production of layer-specific neurons was delayed in somatosensory cerebral cortices of Hexb-/- mice. These findings suggest that the alterations observed in embryonic Hexb-/- mice may contribute to deficits in neurodevelopment of SD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Ogawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Yayoi Sasanuma
- Department of Pharmacology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuhei Shitara
- Department of Pharmacology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Asuna Koshizuka
- Department of Pharmacology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rieko Okada
- Department of Pharmacology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Sakuraba
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Oishi
- Department of Pharmacology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
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41
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Understanding cellular glycan surfaces in the central nervous system. Biochem Soc Trans 2018; 47:89-100. [PMID: 30559272 DOI: 10.1042/bst20180330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylation, the enzymatic process by which glycans are attached to proteins and lipids, is the most abundant and functionally important type of post-translational modification associated with brain development, neurodegenerative disorders, psychopathologies and brain cancers. Glycan structures are diverse and complex; however, they have been detected and targeted in the central nervous system (CNS) by various immunohistochemical detection methods using glycan-binding proteins such as anti-glycan antibodies or lectins and/or characterized with analytical techniques such as chromatography and mass spectrometry. The glycan structures on glycoproteins and glycolipids expressed in neural stem cells play key roles in neural development, biological processes and CNS maintenance, such as cell adhesion, signal transduction, molecular trafficking and differentiation. This brief review will highlight some of the important findings on differential glycan expression across stages of CNS cell differentiation and in pathological disorders and diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, schizophrenia and brain cancer.
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42
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Trujillo-Gonzalez I, Wang Y, Friday WB, Vickers KC, Toth CL, Molina-Torres L, Surzenko N, Zeisel SH. MicroRNA-129-5p is regulated by choline availability and controls EGF receptor synthesis and neurogenesis in the cerebral cortex. FASEB J 2018; 33:3601-3612. [PMID: 30521373 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801094rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Choline availability modulates neurogenesis and cerebral cortex development through the regulation of neural progenitor cell (NPC) proliferative and differentiation capacity. In this study, we demonstrated that cortical NPC self-renewal is controlled by choline via the expression of a microRNA (miR-129-5p), whose role in the developing brain has not been examined, and which, in turn, inhibits synthesis of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) protein. Specifically, we found that low choline (LC) availability led to the upregulation of miR-129-5p expression in cortical NPCs in vitro and in vivo, causing the downregulation of EGFR and thereby disrupting NPC self-renewal and cortical neurogenesis. Furthermore, in response to LC availability, methylation potential (the S-adenosylmethionine: S-adenosylhomocysteine ratio) in the developing brain was reduced. Restoring methylation potential in LC cortical NPCs led to the re-establishment of normal miR-129-5p expression. We concluded that inhibiting miR-129-5p function and restoring EGFR protein levels in vivo is sufficient to reverse LC-induced defects in cortical NPC self-renewal. For the first time, to our knowledge, we have identified the molecular links that explain how a change in the availability of the diet metabolite choline impacts the essential cellular processes underlying brain development.-Trujillo-Gonzalez, I., Wang, Y., Friday, W. B., Vickers, K. C., Toth, C. L., Molina-Torres, L., Surzenko, N., Zeisel, S. H. MicroRNA-129-5p is regulated by choline availability and controls EGF receptor synthesis and neurogenesis in the cerebral cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isis Trujillo-Gonzalez
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA
| | - Yanyan Wang
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Medical Genetics, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Walter B Friday
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kasey C Vickers
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; and
| | - Cynthia L Toth
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; and
| | - Lorian Molina-Torres
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA
| | - Natalia Surzenko
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Steven H Zeisel
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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43
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Bottai D, Adami R, Ghidoni R. The crosstalk between glycosphingolipids and neural stem cells. J Neurochem 2018; 148:698-711. [PMID: 30269334 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Until a few years ago, the majority of cell functions were envisioned as the result of protein and DNA activity. The cell membranes were considered as a mere structure of support and/or separation. In the last years, the function of cell membranes has, however, received more attention and their components of lipid nature have also been depicted as important cell mediators and the membrane organization was described as an important determinant for membrane-anchored proteins activity. In particular, because of their high diversity, glycosphingolipids offer a wide possibility of regulation. Specifically, the role of glycosphingolipids, in the fine-tuning of neuron activity, has recently received deep attention. For their pivotal role in vertebrate and mammals neural development, neural stem cells regulation is of main interest especially concerning their further functions in neurological pathology progression and treatment. Glycosphingolipids expression present a developmental regulation. In this view, glycosphingolipids can hold an important role in neural stem cells features because of their heterogeneity and their consequent capacity for eclectic interaction with other cell components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Bottai
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaella Adami
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Riccardo Ghidoni
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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44
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Huang Y, Huang S, Di Scala C, Wang Q, Wandall HH, Fantini J, Zhang YQ. The glycosphingolipid MacCer promotes synaptic bouton formation in Drosophila by interacting with Wnt. eLife 2018; 7:38183. [PMID: 30355446 PMCID: PMC6202054 DOI: 10.7554/elife.38183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipids are structural components of cellular membranes and signaling molecules that are widely involved in development and diseases, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly understood, partly because of the vast variety of lipid species and complexity of synthetic and turnover pathways. From a genetic screen, we identify that mannosyl glucosylceramide (MacCer), a species of glycosphingolipid (GSL), promotes synaptic bouton formation at the Drosophila neuromuscular junction (NMJ). Pharmacological and genetic analysis shows that the NMJ growth-promoting effect of MacCer depends on normal lipid rafts, which are known to be composed of sphingolipids, sterols and select proteins. MacCer positively regulates the synaptic level of Wnt1/Wingless (Wg) and facilitates presynaptic Wg signaling, whose activity is raft-dependent. Furthermore, a functional GSL-binding motif in Wg exhibiting a high affinity for MacCer is required for normal NMJ growth. These findings reveal a novel mechanism whereby the GSL MacCer promotes synaptic bouton formation via Wg signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Huang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Sheng Huang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Beijing, China.,Sino-Danish College, Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Qifu Wang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Hans H Wandall
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jacques Fantini
- UNIS UMR_S 1072, INSERM, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Yong Q Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Beijing, China
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45
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Nihei W, Nagafuku M, Hayamizu H, Odagiri Y, Tamura Y, Kikuchi Y, Veillon L, Kanoh H, Inamori KI, Arai K, Kabayama K, Fukase K, Inokuchi JI. NPC1L1-dependent intestinal cholesterol absorption requires ganglioside GM3 in membrane microdomains. J Lipid Res 2018; 59:2181-2187. [PMID: 30242108 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m089201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal cholesterol absorption is a key regulator of systemic cholesterol homeostasis. Excessive dietary cholesterol and its intestinal uptake lead to hypercholesterolemia, a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Intestinal cholesterol uptake is mediated by Niemann-Pick C1-like 1 (NPC1L1), a transmembrane protein localized in membrane microdomains (lipid rafts) enriched in gangliosides and cholesterol. The roles of gangliosides, such as monosialodihexosylganglioside (GM3) and its synthesizing enzyme GM3 synthase (GM3S), in NPC1L1-dependent cholesterol uptake have not been examined previously. Here, we examined NPC1L1-dependent cholesterol uptake in a cell model as well as in wild-type and apoE-deficient mice fed normal or high-cholesterol diets. We showed that NPC1L1-dependent cholesterol uptake was impaired in GM3S-deficient cells and that GM3S deficiency promoted resistance to hypercholesterolemia in both wild-type and apoE-deficient mice fed the high-cholesterol but not the normal diet. Our findings suggest that GM3 and related gangliosides are essential for NPC1L1-mediated intestinal cholesterol absorption and are potential targets for hypercholesterolemia therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Nihei
- Division of Glycopathology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masakazu Nagafuku
- Division of Glycopathology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Hayamizu
- Division of Glycopathology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yuta Odagiri
- Division of Glycopathology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yumi Tamura
- Division of Glycopathology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yui Kikuchi
- Division of Glycopathology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Lucas Veillon
- Division of Glycopathology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Hirotaka Kanoh
- Division of Glycopathology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kei-Ichiro Inamori
- Division of Glycopathology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kenta Arai
- Laboratory of Natural Product Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Japan
| | - Kazuya Kabayama
- Laboratory of Natural Product Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Japan
| | - Koichi Fukase
- Laboratory of Natural Product Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Japan
| | - Jin-Ichi Inokuchi
- Division of Glycopathology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
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46
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Liu J, Zheng X, Pang X, Li L, Wang J, Yang C, Du G. Ganglioside GD3 synthase (GD3S), a novel cancer drug target. Acta Pharm Sin B 2018; 8:713-720. [PMID: 30245960 PMCID: PMC6147802 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gangliosides are a class of important glycosphingolipids containing sialic acid that are widely distributed on the outer surface of cells and are abundantly distributed in brain tissue. Disialoganglioside with three glycosyl groups (GD3) and disialoganglioside with two glycosyl groups (GD2) are markedly increased in pathological conditions such as cancers and neurodegenerative diseases. GD3 and GD2 were found to play important roles in cancers by mediating cell proliferation, migration, invasion, adhesion, angiogenesis and in preventing immunosuppression of tumors. GD3 synthase (GD3S) is the regulatory enzyme of GD3 and GD2 synthesis, and is important in tumorigenesis and the development of cancers. The study of GD3S as a drug target may be of great significance for the discovery of new drugs for cancer treatment. This review will describe the gangliosides and their roles in physiological and pathological conditions; the roles of GD3 and GD2 in cancers; the expression, functions and mechanisms of GD3S, and its potential as a drug target in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyi Liu
- Ethnic Drug Screening & Pharmacology Center, Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650500, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiangjin Zheng
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiaocong Pang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jinhua Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Cui Yang
- Ethnic Drug Screening & Pharmacology Center, Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Guanhua Du
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Target Research and Drug Screen, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
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47
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Pshezhetsky AV, Ashmarina M. Keeping it trim: roles of neuraminidases in CNS function. Glycoconj J 2018; 35:375-386. [PMID: 30088207 PMCID: PMC6182584 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-018-9837-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The sialylated glyconjugates (SGC) are found in abundance on the surface of brain cells, where they form a dense array of glycans mediating cell/cell and cell/protein recognition in numerous physiological and pathological processes. Metabolic genetic blocks in processing and catabolism of SGC result in development of severe storage disorders, dominated by CNS involvement including marked neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration, the pathophysiological mechanisms of which are still discussed. SGC patterns in the brain are cell and organelle-specific, dynamic and maintained by highly coordinated processes of their biosynthesis, trafficking, processing and catabolism. The changes in the composition of SGC during development and aging of the brain cannot be explained based solely on the regulation of the SGC-synthesizing enzymes, sialyltransferases, suggesting that neuraminidases (sialidases) hydrolysing the removal of terminal sialic acid residues also play an essential role. In the current review we summarize the roles of three mammalian neuraminidases: neuraminidase 1, neuraminidase 3 and neuraminidase 4 in processing brain SGC. Emerging data demonstrate that these enzymes with different, yet overlapping expression patterns, intracellular localization and substrate specificity play essential roles in the physiology of the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey V Pshezhetsky
- Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Department of Paediatrics, University of Montreal, CHU Ste-Justine, Centre de recherche, 3175 Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1C5, Canada.
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, H3A0C7, Canada.
| | - Mila Ashmarina
- Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, Department of Paediatrics, University of Montreal, CHU Ste-Justine, Centre de recherche, 3175 Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1C5, Canada
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48
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Labrada M, Dorvignit D, Hevia G, Rodríguez-Zhurbenko N, Hernández AM, Vázquez AM, Fernández LE. GM3(Neu5Gc) ganglioside: an evolution fixed neoantigen for cancer immunotherapy. Semin Oncol 2018; 45:41-51. [PMID: 30318083 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Numerous molecules have been considered as targets for cancer immunotherapy because of their levels of expression on tumor cells, their putative importance for tumor biology, and relative immunogenicity. In this review we focus on the ganglioside GM3(Neu5Gc), a glycosphingolipid present on the outer side of the plasma membrane of vertebrate cells. The reasons for selecting GM3(Neu5Gc) as a tumor-specific antigen and its use as a target for cancer immunotherapy are discussed, together with the development of antitumor therapies focused on this target by the Center of Molecular Immunology (CIM, Cuba).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayrel Labrada
- Immunobiology Division, Molecular Immunology Institute, Center of Molecular Immunology (CIM), Playa, Havana, Cuba
| | - Denise Dorvignit
- Immunobiology Division, Molecular Immunology Institute, Center of Molecular Immunology (CIM), Playa, Havana, Cuba
| | - Giselle Hevia
- Immunobiology Division, Molecular Immunology Institute, Center of Molecular Immunology (CIM), Playa, Havana, Cuba
| | | | - Ana M Hernández
- Tumor Biology Division, Molecular Immunology Institute, CIM, Playa, Havana, Cuba
| | - Ana M Vázquez
- Tumor Biology Division, Molecular Immunology Institute, CIM, Playa, Havana, Cuba
| | - Luis E Fernández
- Innovation Division, Molecular Immunology Institute, CIM, Playa, Havana, Cuba.
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49
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Ng J, Kamm RD, Wohland T, Kraut RS. Evidence from ITIR-FCS Diffusion Studies that the Amyloid-Beta (Aβ) Peptide Does Not Perturb Plasma Membrane Fluidity in Neuronal Cells. J Mol Biol 2018; 430:3439-3453. [PMID: 29746852 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2018.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptide, commonly found in elevated levels in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and in the cerebrospinal fluid of individuals presenting mild cognitive impairment, is thought to be one of the major factors resulting in the onset of AD. Although observed and studied at the molecular level for several decades, the exact disease pathology of AD is still not totally clear. One way in which Aβ is thought to affect neurons is by influencing cell membrane fluidity, which could result in abnormal synaptic or signaling function. The effects of Aβ on the fluidity of biological membranes have been studied using numerous membrane models such as artificial lipid bilayers and vesicles, living cells and membranes extracted from animal models of AD, yet there is still no consensus as to what effects Aβ has, if any, on membrane fluidity. As one of the most precise and accurate means of assaying membrane dynamics, we have thus chosen fluorescence correlation spectroscopy to investigate the issue, using fluorescent membrane-targeted probes on living cells treated with Aβ(1-42) oligomers and observing possible changes in membrane diffusion. Effects of Aβ on viability in different cell types varied from no detectable effect to extensive cell death by 72 h post-exposure. However, there was no change in the fluidity of either ordered membrane domains or the bulk membrane in any of these cells within this period. Our conclusion from these results is that perturbation of membrane fluidity is not likely to be a factor in acute Aβ-induced cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Ng
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, S637551, Singapore; Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, BioSyM IRG, 1 Create Way, S138602, Singapore
| | - Roger D Kamm
- Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, BioSyM IRG, 1 Create Way, S138602, Singapore
| | - Thorsten Wohland
- Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, BioSyM IRG, 1 Create Way, S138602, Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, S117543, Singapore
| | - Rachel S Kraut
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, S637551, Singapore; Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, BioSyM IRG, 1 Create Way, S138602, Singapore.
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50
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Herrera JL, Ordoñez-Gutierrez L, Fabrias G, Casas J, Morales A, Hernandez G, Acosta NG, Rodriguez C, Prieto-Valiente L, Garcia-Segura LM, Alonso R, Wandosell FG. Ovarian Function Modulates the Effects of Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on the Mouse Cerebral Cortex. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:103. [PMID: 29740285 PMCID: PMC5928148 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Different dietary ratios of n−6/n−3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) may alter brain lipid profile, neural activity, and brain cognitive function. To determine whether ovarian hormones influence the effect of diet on the brain, ovariectomized and sham-operated mice continuously treated with placebo or estradiol were fed for 3 months with diets containing low or high n−6/n−3 LC-PUFA ratios. The fatty acid (FA) profile and expression of key neuronal proteins were analyzed in the cerebral cortex, with intact female mice on standard diet serving as internal controls of brain lipidome composition. Diets containing different concentrations of LC-PUFAs greatly modified total FAs, sphingolipids, and gangliosides in the cerebral cortex. Some of these changes were dependent on ovarian hormones, as they were not detected in ovariectomized animals, and in the case of complex lipids, the effect of ovariectomy was partially or totally reversed by continuous administration of estradiol. However, even though differential dietary LC-PUFA content modified the expression of neuronal proteins such as synapsin and its phosphorylation level, PSD-95, amyloid precursor protein (APP), or glial proteins such as glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), an effect also dependent on the presence of the ovary, chronic estradiol treatment was unable to revert the dietary effects on brain cortex synaptic proteins. These results suggest that, in addition to stable estradiol levels, other ovarian hormones such as progesterone and/or cyclic ovarian secretory activity could play a physiological role in the modulation of dietary LC-PUFAs on the cerebral cortex, which may have clinical implications for post-menopausal women on diets enriched with different proportions of n−3 and n−6 LC-PUFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose L Herrera
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básica and Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
| | - Lara Ordoñez-Gutierrez
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gemma Fabrias
- Instituto de Química Avanzada de Cataluña (IQAC-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josefina Casas
- Instituto de Química Avanzada de Cataluña (IQAC-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Araceli Morales
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básica and Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
| | - Guadalberto Hernandez
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básica and Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
| | - Nieves G Acosta
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Edafología y Geología, and Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Covadonga Rodriguez
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básica and Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain.,Departamento de Biología Animal, Edafología y Geología, and Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | | | - Luis M Garcia-Segura
- Instituto Cajal (CSIC) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Alonso
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básica and Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
| | - Francisco G Wandosell
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Madrid, Spain
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