1
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Santos JAV, Silva D, Marques MPM, Batista de Carvalho LAE. Platinum-based chemotherapy: trends in organic nanodelivery systems. NANOSCALE 2024. [PMID: 39037425 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr01483a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Despite the investment in platinum drugs research, cisplatin, carboplatin and oxaliplatin are still the only Pt-based compounds used as first line treatments for several cancers, with a few other compounds being approved for administration in some Asian countries. However, due to the severe and worldwide impact of oncological diseases, there is an urge for improved chemotherapeutic approaches. Furthermore, the pharmaceutical application of platinum complexes is hindered by their inherent toxicity and acquired resistance. Nanodelivery systems rose as a key strategy to overcome these challenges, with recognized versatility and ability towards improving the safety, bioavailability and efficacy of the available drugs. Among the known nanocarriers, organic systems have been widely applied, taking advantage of their potential as drug vehicles. Researchers have mainly focused on the development of lipidic and polymeric carriers, including supramolecular structures, with an overall improvement of encapsulated platinum complexes. Herein, an overview of recent trends and strategies is presented, with the main focus on the encapsulation of platinum compounds into organic nanocarriers, showcasing the evolution in the design and development of these promising systems. This comprehensive review highlights formulation methods as well as characterization procedures, providing insights that may be helpful for the development of novel platinum nanocarriers aiming at future pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- João A V Santos
- Molecular Physical-Chemistry R&D Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Daniela Silva
- Molecular Physical-Chemistry R&D Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Maria Paula M Marques
- Molecular Physical-Chemistry R&D Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal.
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luís A E Batista de Carvalho
- Molecular Physical-Chemistry R&D Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal.
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2
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Ali A, Stefàno E, De Castro F, Ciccarella G, Rovito G, Marsigliante S, Muscella A, Benedetti M, Fanizzi FP. Synthesis, Characterization, and Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Novel Water-Soluble Cationic Platinum(II) Organometallic Complexes with Phenanthroline and Imidazolic Ligands. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202401064. [PMID: 38703115 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Platinum-based chemotherapeutic agents are widely used in the treatment of cancer. However, their effectiveness is limited by severe adverse reactions, drug resistance, and poor water solubility. This study focuses on the synthesis and characterization of new water-soluble cationic monofunctional platinum(II) complexes starting from the [PtCl(η1-C2H4OEt)(phen)] (1, phen=1,10-phenanthroline) precursor, specifically [Pt(NH3)(η1-C2H4OEt)(phen)]Cl (2), [Pt(1-hexyl-1H-imidazole)(η1-C2H4OEt)(phen)]Cl (3), and [Pt(1-hexyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazole)(η1-C2H4OEt)(phen)]Cl (4), which deviate from traditional requirements for antitumor activity. These complexes were evaluated for their cytotoxic effects in comparison to cisplatin, using immortalized cervical adenocarcinoma cells (HeLa), human renal carcinoma cells (Caki-1), and normal human renal cells (HK-2). While complex 2 showed minimal effects on the cell lines, complexes 3 and 4 demonstrated higher cytotoxicity than cisplatin. Notably, complex 4 displayed the highest cytotoxicity in both cancer and normal cell lines. However, complex 3 exhibited the highest selectivity for renal tumor cells (Caki-1) among the tested complexes, compared to healthy cells (HK-2). This resulted in a significantly higher selectivity than that of cisplatin and complex 4. Therefore, complex 3 shows potential as a leading candidate for the development of a new generation of platinum-based anticancer drugs, utilizing biocompatible imidazole ligands while demonstrating promising anticancer properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asjad Ali
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Via Monteroni, I-73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Erika Stefàno
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Via Monteroni, I-73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Federica De Castro
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Via Monteroni, I-73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ciccarella
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Via Monteroni, I-73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Gianluca Rovito
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Via Monteroni, I-73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Santo Marsigliante
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Via Monteroni, I-73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Antonella Muscella
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Via Monteroni, I-73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Michele Benedetti
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Via Monteroni, I-73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Francesco Paolo Fanizzi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Via Monteroni, I-73100, Lecce, Italy
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3
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Tagari EV, Sifnaiou E, Tsolis T, Garoufis A. The Influence of the Auxiliary Ligand in Monofunctional Pt(II) Anticancer Complexes on the DNA Backbone. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6526. [PMID: 38928230 PMCID: PMC11203703 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Monofunctional platinum complexes offer a promising alternative to cisplatin in cancer chemotherapy, showing a unique mechanism of action. Their ability to induce minor helix distortions effectively inhibits DNA transcription. In our study, we synthesized and characterized three monofunctional Pt(II) complexes with the general formula [Pt(en)(L)Cl]NO3, where en = ethylenediamine, and L = pyridine (py), 2-methylpyridine (2-mepy), and 2-phenylpyridine (2-phpy). The hydrolysis rates of [Pt(en)(py)Cl]NO3 (1) and [Pt(en)(2-mepy)Cl]NO3 (2) decrease with the bulkiness of the auxiliary ligand with k(1) = 2.28 ± 0.15 × 10-4 s-1 and k(2) = 8.69 ± 0.98 × 10-5 s-1 at 298 K. The complex [Pt(en)(2-phpy)Cl]Cl (3) demonstrated distinct behavior. Upon hydrolysis, an equilibrium (Keq = 0.385 mM) between the complexes [Pt(en)(2-phpy)Cl]+ and [Pt(en)(2-phpy-H+)]+ was observed with no evidence (NMR or HR-ESI-MS) for the presence of the aquated complex [Pt(en)(2-phpy)(H2O)]2+. Despite the kinetic similarities between phenanthriplatin and (2), complexes (1) and (2) exhibit minimal activity against A549 lung cancer cell line (IC50 > 100 μΜ), whereas complex (3) exhibits notable cytotoxicity (IC50 = 41.11 ± 2.1 μΜ). In examining the DNA binding of (1) and (2) to the DNA model guanosine (guo), we validated their binding through guoN7, which led to an increased population of the C3'-endo sugar conformation, as expected. However, we observed that the rapid transition 2E (C2'-endo) ↔ 3E (C3'-endo), in the case of [Pt(en)(py)(guo)](NO3)2 ([1-guo]), slows down in the case of [Pt(en)(2-mepy)(guo)](NO3)2 ([2-guo]), resulting in separate signals for the two conformers in the 1H NMR spectra. This phenomenon arises from the steric hindrance between the methyl group of pyridine and the sugar moiety of guanosine. Notably, this hindrance is absent in [2-(9-MeG)] (9-MeG = 9-methylguanine), probably due to the absence of a bulky sugar unit in 9-MeG. In the case of (3), where the bulkiness of the substitution on the pyridine is further increased by a phenyl group, we observed a notable proximity between 9-MeGH8 and the phenyl ring of 2-phpy. Considering that only (3) exhibited good cytotoxicity against the A549 cancer cell line, it is suggested that auxiliary ligands, L, with an extended aromatic system and proper orientation in complexes of the type cis-[Pt(en)(L)Cl]NO3, may enhance the cytotoxic activity of such complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evanthia-Vasiliki Tagari
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (E.-V.T.); (E.S.); (T.T.)
| | - Evangelia Sifnaiou
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (E.-V.T.); (E.S.); (T.T.)
| | - Theodoros Tsolis
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (E.-V.T.); (E.S.); (T.T.)
| | - Achilleas Garoufis
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (E.-V.T.); (E.S.); (T.T.)
- Institute of Materials Science and Computing, University Research Centre of Ioannina (URCI), 45110 Ioannina, Greece
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4
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He X, Yu J, Yin R, Huang Y, Zhang P, Xiao C, Chen X. An AIEgen and Iodine Double-Ornamented Platinum(II) Complex for Bimodal Imaging-Guided Chemo-Photodynamic Combination Therapy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2309894. [PMID: 38308168 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202309894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Real-time biodistribution monitoring and enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of platinum(II)-based anticancer drugs are urgently required to elevate their clinical performance. Herein, a tetraphenylethene derivative (TP) with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) properties and an iodine atom are selected as ligands to endow platinum (II) complex TP-Pt-I with real-time in vivo self-tracking ability by fluorescence (FL) and computerized tomography (CT) imaging, and improved anticancer efficacy by the combination of chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy. Especially, benefiting from the formation of a donor-acceptor-donor structure between the AIE photosensitizer TP and Pt-I moiety, the heavy atom effects of Pt and I, and the presence of I, TP-Pt-I displayed red-shifted absorption and emission wavelengths, enhanced ROS generation efficiency, and improved CT imaging capacity compared with the pristine TP and the control agent TP-Pt-Cl. As a result, the enhanced intratumoral accumulation of TP-Pt-I loaded nanoparticles is readily revealed by dual-modal FL and CT imaging with high contrast. Meanwhile, the TP-Pt-I nanoparticles show significantly improved tumor growth-inhibiting effects on an MCF-7 xenograft murine model by combining the chemotherapeutic effects of platinum(II) and the photodynamic effects of TP. This self-tracking therapeutic complex thus provides a new strategy for improving the therapeutic outcomes of platinum(II)-based anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xidong He
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Jie Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Renyong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Yubin Huang
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, P.R. China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Chunsheng Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Xuesi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Jilin Biomedical Polymers Engineering Laboratory, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
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5
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Panda TR, Patra M. Kinetically Inert Platinum (II) Complexes for Improving Anticancer Therapy: Recent Developments and Road Ahead. ChemMedChem 2024:e202400196. [PMID: 38757478 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202400196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
The search for better chemotherapeutic drugs to alleviate the deficiencies of existing platinum (Pt) drugs has picked up the pace in the millennium. There has been a disparate effort to design better and safer Pt drugs to deal with the problems of deactivation, Pt resistance and toxic side effects of clinical Pt drugs. In this review, we have discussed the potential of kinetically inert Pt complexes as an emerging class of next-generation Pt drugs. The introduction gives an overview about the development, use, mechanism of action and side effects of clinical Pt drugs as well as the various approaches to improve some of their pharmacological properties. We then describe the impact of kinetic lability on the pharmacology of functional Pt drugs including deactivation, antitumor efficacy, toxicity and resistance. Following a brief overview of numerous pharmacological advantages that a non-functional kinetically inert Pt complex can offer; we discussed structurally different classes of kinetically inert Pt (II) complexes highlighting their unique pharmacological features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tushar Ranjan Panda
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Navy Nagar, 400005, Mumbai, India
| | - Malay Patra
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Navy Nagar, 400005, Mumbai, India
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6
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O’Dowd PD, Guerrero AS, Alley KR, Pigg HC, O’Neill F, Meiller J, Hobbs C, Rodrigues DA, Twamley B, O’Sullivan F, DeRose VJ, Griffith DM. Click-Capable Phenanthriplatin Derivatives as Tools to Study Pt(II)-Induced Nucleolar Stress. ACS Chem Biol 2024; 19:875-885. [PMID: 38483263 PMCID: PMC11040607 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.3c00607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
It is well established that oxaliplatin, one of the three Pt(II) anticancer drugs approved worldwide, and phenanthriplatin, an important preclinical monofunctional Pt(II) anticancer drug, possess a different mode of action from that of cisplatin and carboplatin, namely, the induction of nucleolar stress. The exact mechanisms that lead to Pt-induced nucleolar stress are, however, still poorly understood. As such, studies aimed at better understanding the biological targets of both oxaliplatin and phenanthriplatin are urgently needed to expand our understanding of Pt-induced nucleolar stress and guide the future design of Pt chemotherapeutics. One approach that has seen great success in the past is the use of Pt-click complexes to study the biological targets of Pt drugs. Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of the first examples of click-capable phenanthriplatin complexes. Furthermore, through monitoring the relocalization of nucleolar proteins, RNA transcription levels, and DNA damage repair biomarker γH2AX, and by investigating their in vitro cytotoxicity, we show that these complexes successfully mimic the cellular responses observed for phenanthriplatin treatment in the same experiments. The click-capable phenanthriplatin derivatives described here expand the existing library of Pt-click complexes. Significantly they are suitable for studying nucleolar stress mechanisms and further elucidating the biological targets of Pt complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul D. O’Dowd
- Department
of Chemistry, Royal College of Surgeons
in Ireland, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland
- SSPC, The Science Foundation Ireland Research
Centre for
Pharmaceuticals, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Andres S. Guerrero
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Katelyn R. Alley
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Hannah C. Pigg
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Fiona O’Neill
- Life
Science Institute, Dublin City University, Dublin D09 V209, Ireland
| | - Justine Meiller
- Life
Science Institute, Dublin City University, Dublin D09 V209, Ireland
| | - Chloe Hobbs
- Department
of Chemistry, Royal College of Surgeons
in Ireland, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Daniel A. Rodrigues
- Department
of Chemistry, Royal College of Surgeons
in Ireland, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland
| | - Brendan Twamley
- Department
of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D02 PN40, Ireland
| | - Finbarr O’Sullivan
- Life
Science Institute, Dublin City University, Dublin D09 V209, Ireland
| | - Victoria J. DeRose
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Darren M. Griffith
- Department
of Chemistry, Royal College of Surgeons
in Ireland, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland
- SSPC, The Science Foundation Ireland Research
Centre for
Pharmaceuticals, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
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7
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Balint E, Unk I. For the Better or for the Worse? The Effect of Manganese on the Activity of Eukaryotic DNA Polymerases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:363. [PMID: 38203535 PMCID: PMC10779026 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
DNA polymerases constitute a versatile group of enzymes that not only perform the essential task of genome duplication but also participate in various genome maintenance pathways, such as base and nucleotide excision repair, non-homologous end-joining, homologous recombination, and translesion synthesis. Polymerases catalyze DNA synthesis via the stepwise addition of deoxynucleoside monophosphates to the 3' primer end in a partially double-stranded DNA. They require divalent metal cations coordinated by active site residues of the polymerase. Mg2+ is considered the likely physiological activator because of its high cellular concentration and ability to activate DNA polymerases universally. Mn2+ can also activate the known DNA polymerases, but in most cases, it causes a significant decrease in fidelity and/or processivity. Hence, Mn2+ has been considered mutagenic and irrelevant during normal cellular function. Intriguingly, a growing body of evidence indicates that Mn2+ can positively influence some DNA polymerases by conferring translesion synthesis activity or altering the substrate specificity. Here, we review the relevant literature focusing on the impact of Mn2+ on the biochemical activity of a selected set of polymerases, namely, Polβ, Polλ, and Polµ, of the X family, as well as Polι and Polη of the Y family of polymerases, where congruous data implicate the physiological relevance of Mn2+ in the cellular function of these enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ildiko Unk
- Institute of Genetics, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary;
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8
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Eichman BF. Repair and tolerance of DNA damage at the replication fork: A structural perspective. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2023; 81:102618. [PMID: 37269798 PMCID: PMC10525001 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2023.102618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The replication machinery frequently encounters DNA damage and other structural impediments that inhibit progression of the replication fork. Replication-coupled processes that remove or bypass the barrier and restart stalled forks are essential for completion of replication and for maintenance of genome stability. Errors in replication-repair pathways lead to mutations and aberrant genetic rearrangements and are associated with human diseases. This review highlights recent structures of enzymes involved in three replication-repair pathways: translesion synthesis, template switching and fork reversal, and interstrand crosslink repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandt F Eichman
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Biochemistry, 5270A MRBIII, 465 21st Ave S, Nashville, TN 37232 USA.
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9
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Chang C, Zhou G, Gao Y. In crystallo observation of active site dynamics and transient metal ion binding within DNA polymerases. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2023; 10:034702. [PMID: 37333512 PMCID: PMC10275647 DOI: 10.1063/4.0000187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
DNA polymerases are the enzymatic catalysts that synthesize DNA during DNA replication and repair. Kinetic studies and x-ray crystallography have uncovered the overall kinetic pathway and led to a two-metal-ion dependent catalytic mechanism. Diffusion-based time-resolved crystallography has permitted the visualization of the catalytic reaction at atomic resolution and made it possible to capture transient events and metal ion binding that have eluded static polymerase structures. This review discusses past static structures and recent time-resolved structures that emphasize the crucial importance of primer alignment and different metal ions binding during catalysis and substrate discrimination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yang Gao
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:. Tel.: +1 (713) 348-2619
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10
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Primer terminal ribonucleotide alters the active site dynamics of DNA polymerase η and reduces DNA synthesis fidelity. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:102938. [PMID: 36702254 PMCID: PMC9976465 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.102938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA polymerases catalyze DNA synthesis with high efficiency, which is essential for all life. Extensive kinetic and structural efforts have been executed in exploring mechanisms of DNA polymerases, surrounding their kinetic pathway, catalytic mechanisms, and factors that dictate polymerase fidelity. Recent time-resolved crystallography studies on DNA polymerase η (Pol η) and β have revealed essential transient events during the DNA synthesis reaction, such as mechanisms of primer deprotonation, separated roles of the three metal ions, and conformational changes that disfavor incorporation of the incorrect substrate. DNA-embedded ribonucleotides (rNs) are the most common lesion on DNA and a major threat to genome integrity. While kinetics of rN incorporation has been explored and structural studies have revealed that DNA polymerases have a steric gate that destabilizes ribonucleotide triphosphate binding, the mechanism of extension upon rN addition remains poorly characterized. Using steady-state kinetics, static and time-resolved X-ray crystallography with Pol η as a model system, we showed that the extra hydroxyl group on the primer terminus does alter the dynamics of the polymerase active site as well as the catalysis and fidelity of DNA synthesis. During rN extension, Pol η error incorporation efficiency increases significantly across different sequence contexts. Finally, our systematic structural studies suggest that the rN at the primer end improves primer alignment and reduces barriers in C2'-endo to C3'-endo sugar conformational change. Overall, our work provides further mechanistic insights into the effects of rN incorporation on DNA synthesis.
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11
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Feltes BC, Menck CFM. Current state of knowledge of human DNA polymerase eta protein structure and disease-causing mutations. MUTATION RESEARCH. REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2022; 790:108436. [PMID: 35952573 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2022.108436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
POLη, encoded by the POLH gene, is a crucial protein for replicating damaged DNA and the most studied specialized translesion synthesis polymerases. Mutations in POLη are associated with cancer and the human syndrome xeroderma pigmentosum variant, which is characterized by extreme photosensitivity and an increased likelihood of developing skin cancers. The myriad of structural information about POLη is vast, covering dozens of different mutants, numerous crucial residues, domains, and posttranslational modifications that are essential for protein function within cells. Since POLη is key vital enzyme for cell survival, and mutations in this protein are related to aggressive diseases, understanding its structure is crucial for biomedical sciences, primarily due to its similarities with other Y-family polymerases and its potential as a targeted therapy-drug for tumors. This work provides an up-to-date review on structural aspects of the human POLη: from basic knowledge about critical residues and protein domains to its mutant variants, posttranslational modifications, and our current understanding of therapeutic molecules that target POLη. Thus, this review provides lessons about POLη's structure and gathers critical discussions and hypotheses that may contribute to understanding this protein's vital roles within the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno César Feltes
- Department of Theoretical Informatics, Institute of Informatics, Department of Theoretical Informatics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS Brazil; Department of Genetics, Institute of Bioscience, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Department of Biophysics, Institute of Bioscience, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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12
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In crystallo observation of three metal ion promoted DNA polymerase misincorporation. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2346. [PMID: 35487947 PMCID: PMC9054841 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30005-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Error-free replication of DNA is essential for life. Despite the proofreading capability of several polymerases, intrinsic polymerase fidelity is in general much higher than what base-pairing energies can provide. Although researchers have investigated this long-standing question with kinetics, structural determination, and computational simulations, the structural factors that dictate polymerase fidelity are not fully resolved. Time-resolved crystallography has elucidated correct nucleotide incorporation and established a three-metal-ion-dependent catalytic mechanism for polymerases. Using X-ray time-resolved crystallography, we visualize the complete DNA misincorporation process catalyzed by DNA polymerase η. The resulting molecular snapshots suggest primer 3´-OH alignment mediated by A-site metal ion binding is the key step in substrate discrimination. Moreover, we observe that C-site metal ion binding preceded the nucleotidyl transfer reaction and demonstrate that the C-site metal ion is strictly required for misincorporation. Our results highlight the essential but separate roles of the three metal ions in DNA synthesis. By observing DNA polymerase misincorporation with time-resolved crystallography, the authors visualize three-metal ion dependent polymerase catalysis and identify A-site metal-mediated primer alignment as a key step in nucleotide discrimination.
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13
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Jung H, Rayala NK, Lee S. Effects of N7-Alkylguanine Conformation and Metal Cofactors on the Translesion Synthesis by Human DNA Polymerase η. Chem Res Toxicol 2022; 35:512-521. [PMID: 35239327 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.1c00416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Non-enzymatic alkylation on DNA often generates N7-alkyl-2'-deoxyguanosine (N7alkylG) adducts as major lesions. N7alkylG adducts significantly block replicative DNA polymerases and can be bypassed by translesion synthesis (TLS) polymerases such as polymerase η (polη). To gain insights into the bypass of N7alkylG by TLS polymerases, we conducted kinetic and structural studies of polη catalyzing across N7BnG, a genotoxic lesion generated by the carcinogenic N-nitrosobenzylmethylamine. The presence of templating N7BnG in the polη catalytic site decreased the replication fidelity by ∼9-fold, highlighting the promutagenicity of N7BnG. The catalytic efficiency for dCTP incorporation opposite N7BnG decreased ∼22-fold and ∼7-fold compared to the incorporation opposite undamaged guanine in the presence of Mg2+ and Mn2+, respectively. A crystal structure of the complexes grown with polη, templating N7BnG, incoming dCTP, and Mg2+ ions showed the lack of the incoming nucleotide and metal cofactors in the polη catalytic site. Interestingly, the templating N7BnG adopted a syn conformation, which has not been observed in the published N7alkylG structures. The preferential formation of syn-N7BnG conformation at the templating site may deter the binding of an incoming dCTP, causing the inefficient bypass by polη. In contrast, the use of Mn2+ in place of Mg2+ in co-crystallization yielded a ternary complex displaying an anti-N7BnG:dCTP base pair and catalytic metal ions, which would be a close mimic of a catalytically competent state. We conclude that certain bulky N7-alkylG lesions can slow TLS polymerase-mediated bypass by adopting a catalytically unfavorable syn conformation in the replicating base pair site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hunmin Jung
- The Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Naveen Kumar Rayala
- The Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Seongmin Lee
- The Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
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14
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Stalling of Eukaryotic Translesion DNA Polymerases at DNA-Protein Cross-Links. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13020166. [PMID: 35205211 PMCID: PMC8872012 DOI: 10.3390/genes13020166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA-protein cross-links (DPCs) are extremely bulky adducts that interfere with replication. In human cells, they are processed by SPRTN, a protease activated by DNA polymerases stuck at DPCs. We have recently proposed the mechanism of the interaction of DNA polymerases with DPCs, involving a clash of protein surfaces followed by the distortion of the cross-linked protein. Here, we used a model DPC, located in the single-stranded template, the template strand of double-stranded DNA, or the displaced strand, to study the eukaryotic translesion DNA polymerases ζ (POLζ), ι (POLι) and η (POLη). POLι demonstrated poor synthesis on the DPC-containing substrates. POLζ and POLη paused at sites dictated by the footprints of the polymerase and the cross-linked protein. Beyond that, POLζ was able to elongate the primer to the cross-link site when a DPC was in the template. Surprisingly, POLη was not only able to reach the cross-link site but also incorporated 1–2 nucleotides past it, which makes POLη the most efficient DNA polymerase on DPC-containing substrates. However, a DPC in the displaced strand was an insurmountable obstacle for all polymerases, which stalled several nucleotides before the cross-link site. Overall, the behavior of translesion polymerases agrees with the model of protein clash and distortion described above.
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15
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Chen H, Wang Y, Liu Y, Tang L, Mu Q, Yin X, Zheng L, Chen Y, Liu C. Delivery of Cationic Platinum Prodrugs via Reduction Sensitive Polymer for Improved Chemotherapy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2101804. [PMID: 34554644 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202101804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A cationic monofunctional platinum anticancer drug, phenanthriplatin (PhenPt(II)), exhibits promising anticancer effect on various cancer cell lines. Unlike the conventional platinum(II) drugs, PhenPt(II) is more likely to bind the N7 adenosine base of DNA in situ, and consequently resulting in a unique cellular response profile and unusual potency. However, since this drug is positively charged, it can easily bind to plasma protein that leads to rapid systematic clearance and deleterious toxicities, which greatly limits its in vivo application. Herein, a lipophilic phenanthriplatin (PhenPt(IV)) prodrug is synthesized. To further reduce its toxicity, a negatively charged polymer P1 with reduction responsiveness is assembled with PhenPt(IV) to form PhenPt(IV) NPs. In comparison to cisplatin, PhenPt(IV) NPs exhibit up to 30 times greater in vitro potency against various cancer cell lines. Additionally, in vivo, no obvious side effect is found on PhenPt(IV) NPs. Significant enhancement in tumor accumulation and improvement of drug efficacy in 4T1 tumor model are demonstrated. Taken together, this study provides a promising strategy for the clinical translation of phenanthriplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Yushu Wang
- The People's Hospital of Gaozhou, Gaozhou City, 525200, P. R. China
| | - Yulin Liu
- Urology Surgery, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518033, P. R. China
| | - Lin Tang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Qingchun Mu
- The People's Hospital of Gaozhou, Gaozhou City, 525200, P. R. China
| | - Xiangye Yin
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, P. R. China
| | - Liuchun Zheng
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, P. R. China
| | - Youbai Chen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, P. R. China
| | - Chaoyong Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
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16
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Veclani D, Tolazzi M, Cerón-Carrasco JP, Melchior A. Intercalation Ability of Novel Monofunctional Platinum Anticancer Drugs: A Key Step in Their Biological Action. J Chem Inf Model 2021; 61:4391-4399. [PMID: 34156233 PMCID: PMC8479807 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.1c00430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Phenanthriplatin
(PtPPH) is a monovalent platinum(II)-based complex
with a large cytotoxicity against cancer cells. Although the aqua-activated
drug has been assumed to be the precursor for DNA damage, it is still
under debate whether the way in which that metallodrug attacks to
DNA is dominated by a direct binding to a guanine base or rather by
an intercalated intermediate product. Aiming to capture the mechanism
of action of PtPPH, the present contribution used theoretical tools
to systematically assess the sequence of all possible mechanisms on
drug activation and reactivity, for example, hydrolysis, intercalation,
and covalent damage to DNA. Ab initio quantum mechanical
(QM) methods, hybrid QM/QM′ schemes, and independent gradient
model approaches are implemented in an unbiased protocol. The performed
simulations show that the cascade of reactions is articulated in three
well-defined stages: (i) an early and fast intercalation of the complex
between the DNA bases, (ii) a subsequent hydrolysis reaction that
leads to the aqua-activated form, and (iii) a final formation of the
covalent bond between PtPPH and DNA at a guanine site. The permanent
damage to DNA is consequently driven by that latter bond to DNA but
with a simultaneous π–π intercalation of the phenanthridine
into nucleobases. The impact of the DNA sequence and the lateral backbone
was also discussed to provide a more complete picture of the forces
that anchor the drug into the double helix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Veclani
- Dipartimento Politecnico di Ingegneria e Architettura (DPIA), Laboratori di Chimica, Università di Udine, via delle Scienze 99, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Marilena Tolazzi
- Dipartimento Politecnico di Ingegneria e Architettura (DPIA), Laboratori di Chimica, Università di Udine, via delle Scienze 99, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - José P Cerón-Carrasco
- Reconocimiento y Encapsulación Molecular, Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM). Campus de los Jerónimos, 30107 Murcia, Spain
| | - Andrea Melchior
- Dipartimento Politecnico di Ingegneria e Architettura (DPIA), Laboratori di Chimica, Università di Udine, via delle Scienze 99, 33100 Udine, Italy
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17
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Scoditti S, Dabbish E, Sicilia E. Is the cytotoxic activity of phenanthriplatin dependent on the specific size of the phenanthridine ligand π system? J Inorg Biochem 2021; 219:111447. [PMID: 33798829 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The monofunctional Pt(II) drug phenanthriplatin is a leading preclinical anticancer drug, whose main characteristic is the presence of the extended aromatic system of the phenanthridine ligand, which allows intercalation. Intercalation, in turn, induces DNA unwinding and facilitates DNA binding. Aiming at verifying to what extent the peculiar cytotoxic activity of phenanthriplatin depends on the specific size of the aromatic system, two phenanthriplatin derivatives have been designed increasing the number of the rings in the N-heterocyclic ligand, and their reactivity has been computationally investigated. Both quantum mechanical DFT computations and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations have been employed to investigate some of the aspects that are considered important for the activity of Pt(II) monofunctional complexes. In particular, the substitution of the chlorido ligand with water, subsequent interaction of the aquated complexes with guanine as a model, eventual deactivation by the model N-acetyl methionine as well as intercalation into, binding to and distortion of DNA have been examined. The outcomes of such analysis have been compared with the analogous ones for the phenanthriplatin complex in order to highlight how the addition of one more ring to the phenanthridine ligand and, eventually, its identity influence the reactivity and, consequently, the cytotoxic profile of the complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Scoditti
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, Università della Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Eslam Dabbish
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, Università della Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy.
| | - Emilia Sicilia
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, Università della Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy.
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18
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Translesion synthesis of the major nitrogen mustard-induced DNA lesion by human DNA polymerase η. Biochem J 2021; 477:4543-4558. [PMID: 33175093 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen mustards are among the first modern anticancer chemotherapeutics that are still widely used as non-specific anticancer alkylating agents. While the mechanism of action of mustard drugs involves the generation of DNA interstrand cross-links, the predominant lesions produced by these drugs are nitrogen half-mustard-N7-dG (NHMG) adducts. The bulky major groove lesion NHMG, if left unrepaired, can be bypassed by translesion synthesis (TLS) DNA polymerases. However, studies of the TLS past NHMG have not been reported so far. Here, we present the first synthesis of an oligonucleotide containing a site-specific NHMG. We also report kinetic and structural characterization of human DNA polymerase η (polη) bypassing NHMG. The templating NHMG slows dCTP incorporation ∼130-fold, while it increases the misincorporation frequency ∼10-30-fold, highlighting the promutagenic nature of NHMG. A crystal structure of polη incorporating dCTP opposite NHMG shows a Watson-Crick NHMG:dCTP base pair with a large propeller twist angle. The nitrogen half-mustard moiety fits snugly into an open cleft created by the Arg61-Trp64 loop of polη, suggesting a role of the Arg61-Trp64 loop in accommodating bulky major groove adducts during lesion bypass. Overall, our results presented here to provide first insights into the TLS of the major DNA adduct formed by nitrogen mustard drugs.
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19
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Monofunctional Platinum(II) Anticancer Agents. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14020133. [PMID: 33562293 PMCID: PMC7915149 DOI: 10.3390/ph14020133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Platinum-based anticancer drugs represented by cisplatin play important roles in the treatment of various solid tumors. However, their applications are largely compromised by drug resistance and side effects. Much effort has been made to circumvent the drug resistance and general toxicity of these drugs. Among multifarious designs, monofunctional platinum(II) complexes with a general formula of [Pt(3A)Cl]+ (A: Ammonia or amine) stand out as a class of "non-traditional" anticancer agents hopeful to overcome the defects of current platinum drugs. This review aims to summarize the development of monofunctional platinum(II) complexes in recent years. They are classified into four categories: fluorescent complexes, photoactive complexes, targeted complexes, and miscellaneous complexes. The intention behind the designs is either to visualize the cellular distribution, or to reduce the side effects, or to improve the tumor selectivity, or inhibit the cancer cells through non-DNA targets. The information provided by this review may inspire researchers to conceive more innovative complexes with potent efficacy to shake off the drawbacks of platinum anticancer drugs.
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20
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Dvořáčková O, Chval Z. Tuning the Reactivity and Bonding Properties of Metal Square-Planar Complexes by the Substitution(s) on the Trans-Coordinated Pyridine Ring. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:11768-11783. [PMID: 32478268 PMCID: PMC7254792 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c01161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The kinetics of the hydration reaction on trans-[Pt(NH3)2(pyrX)Cl]+ (pyr = pyridine) complexes (X = OH-, Cl-, F-, Br-, NO2 -, NH2, SH-, CH3, C≡CH, and DMA) was studied by density functional theory calculations in the gas phase and in water solution described by the implicit polarizable continuum model method. All possible positions ortho, meta, and para of the substituent X in the pyridine ring were considered. The substitution of the pyr ligand by electron-donating X's led to the strengthening of the Pt-N1(pyrX) (Pt-NpyrX) bond and the weakening of the trans Pt-Cl or Pt-Ow bonds. The electron-withdrawing X's have exactly the opposite effect. The strengths of these bonds can be predicted from the basicity of sigma electrons on the NpyrX atom determined on the isolated pyrX ligand. As the pyrX ring was oriented perpendicularly with respect to the plane of the complex, the nature of the X···Cl electrostatic interaction was the decisive factor for the transition-state (TS) stabilization which resulted in the highest selectivity of ortho-substituted systems with respect to the reaction rate. Because of a smaller size of X's, the steric effects influenced less importantly the values of activation Gibbs energies ΔG ⧧ but caused geometry changes such as the elongation of the Pt-NpyrX bonds. Substitution in the meta position led to the highest ΔG ⧧ values for most of the X's. The changes of ΔG ⧧ because of electronic effects were the same in the gas phase and the water solvent. However, as the water solvent dampened electrostatic interactions, 2200 and 150 times differences in the reaction rate were observed between the most and the least reactive mono-substituted complexes in the gas phase and the water solvent, respectively. An additional NO2 substitution of the pyrNO2 ligand further decelerated the rate of the hydration reaction, but on the other hand, the poly-NH2 complexes were no more reactive than the fastest o-NH2 system. In the gas phase, the poly-X complexes showed the additivity of the substituent effects with respect to the Pt-ligand bond strengths and the ligand charges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Dvořáčková
- Faculty
of Health and Social Sciences, University
of South Bohemia, J.
Boreckého 27, 370 11 České Budějovice, Czech
Republic
- Faculty
of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Chval
- Faculty
of Health and Social Sciences, University
of South Bohemia, J.
Boreckého 27, 370 11 České Budějovice, Czech
Republic
- . Phone: +420-389-037-612
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21
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Staff NP, Cavaletti G, Islam B, Lustberg M, Psimaras D, Tamburin S. Platinum-induced peripheral neurotoxicity: From pathogenesis to treatment. J Peripher Nerv Syst 2020; 24 Suppl 2:S26-S39. [PMID: 31647151 DOI: 10.1111/jns.12335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Platinum-induced peripheral neurotoxicity (PIPN) is a common side effect of platinum-based chemotherapy that may cause dose reduction and discontinuation, with oxaliplatin being more neurotoxic. PIPN includes acute neurotoxicity restricted to oxaliplatin, and chronic non-length-dependent sensory neuronopathy with positive and negative sensory symptoms and neuropathic pain in both upper and lower limbs. Chronic sensory axonal neuropathy manifesting as stocking-and-glove distribution is also frequent. Worsening of neuropathic symptoms after completing the last chemotherapy course may occur. Motor and autonomic involvement is uncommon. Ototoxicity is frequent in children and more commonly to cisplatin. Platinum-based compounds result in more prolonged neuropathic symptoms in comparison to other chemotherapy agents. Patient reported outcomes questionnaires, clinical evaluation and instrumental tools offer complementary information in PIPN. Electrodiagnostic features include diffusely reduced/abolished sensory action potentials, in keeping with a sensory neuronopathy. PIPN is dependent on cumulative dose but there is a large variability in its occurrence. The search for additional risk factors for PIPN has thus far yielded no consistent findings. There are currently no neuroprotective strategies to reduce the risk of PIPN, and symptomatic treatment is limited to duloxetine that was found effective in a single phase III intervention study. This review critically examines the pathogenesis, incidence, risk factors (both clinical and pharmacogenetic), clinical phenotype and management of PIPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan P Staff
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Guido Cavaletti
- Experimental Neurology Unit, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Badrul Islam
- Laboratory Sciences and Services Division, The International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Maryam Lustberg
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Dimitri Psimaras
- OncoNeuroTox Group, Center for Patients with Neurological Complications of Oncologic Treatments, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié-Salpetrière-Charles Foix et Hôpital Percy, Paris, France
| | - Stefano Tamburin
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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22
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Quiroga AG, Cama M, Pajuelo-Lozano N, Álvarez-Valdés A, Sanchez Perez I. New Findings in the Signaling Pathways of cis and trans Platinum Iodido Complexes' Interaction with DNA of Cancer Cells. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:21855-21861. [PMID: 31891063 PMCID: PMC6933576 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
We have selected a series of aliphatic amine platinum compounds bearing chloride and/or iodide as the leaving groups. The complexes' cytotoxicity and interaction with DNA indicated differences in the reactivity. Now, we are reporting on the analysis of their molecular mechanism of action on gastric cancer cells. Our data reveals differences between them. Chlorido drugs showed similar behavior to cisplatin; they both required p53 to induce apoptosis but only cis-ipa showed DNA damage requirement for apoptosis induction. On the contrary, cis and trans iodido induced cell death independent of p53 activity, and they induced cell death through Bid activation, so their toxicity could be enhanced in a combined treatment with novel Bcl-2 protein family inhibitors. We also report the structural features of the DNA adduct for one of the complexes by X-ray diffraction. These findings represent a step forward in the search for new platinum-derived agents more specific and effective in the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adoración G. Quiroga
- Inorganic Chemistry Department,
Universidad Autónoma de Madrid and IAdChem Universidad
Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain
- E-mail:
(A.G.Q.)
| | - Marta Cama
- Inorganic Chemistry Department,
Universidad Autónoma de Madrid and IAdChem Universidad
Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine,
Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols.
CSIC-UAM, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Natalia Pajuelo-Lozano
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine,
Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols.
CSIC-UAM, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Amparo Álvarez-Valdés
- Inorganic Chemistry Department,
Universidad Autónoma de Madrid and IAdChem Universidad
Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Isabel Sanchez Perez
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine,
Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols.
CSIC-UAM, Madrid 28029, Spain
- E-mail:
(I.S.P.)
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23
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Dabbish E, Russo N, Sicilia E. Rationalization of the Superior Anticancer Activity of Phenanthriplatin: An In‐Depth Computational Exploration. Chemistry 2019; 26:259-268. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eslam Dabbish
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies Università della Calabria Ponte P. Bucci Cubo 14c 87035 Arcavacata di Rende CS Italy
| | - Nino Russo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies Università della Calabria Ponte P. Bucci Cubo 14c 87035 Arcavacata di Rende CS Italy
| | - Emilia Sicilia
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies Università della Calabria Ponte P. Bucci Cubo 14c 87035 Arcavacata di Rende CS Italy
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24
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Koag MC, Jung H, Kou Y, Lee S. Bypass of the Major Alkylative DNA Lesion by Human DNA Polymerase η. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24213928. [PMID: 31683505 PMCID: PMC6864850 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24213928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
A wide range of endogenous and exogenous alkylating agents attack DNA to generate various alkylation adducts. N7-methyl-2-deoxyguanosine (Fm7dG) is the most abundant alkylative DNA lesion. If not repaired, Fm7dG can undergo spontaneous depurination, imidazole ring-opening, or bypass by translesion synthesis DNA polymerases. Human DNA polymerase η (polη) efficiently catalyzes across Fm7dG in vitro, but its structural basis is unknown. Herein, we report a crystal structure of polη in complex with templating Fm7dG and an incoming nonhydrolyzable dCTP analog, where a 2'-fluorine-mediated transition destabilization approach was used to prevent the spontaneous depurination of Fm7dG. The structure showed that polη readily accommodated the Fm7dG:dCTP base pair with little conformational change of protein and DNA. In the catalytic site, Fm7dG and dCTP formed three hydrogen bonds with a Watson-Crick geometry, indicating that the major keto tautomer of Fm7dG is involved in base pairing. The polη-Fm7dG:dCTP structure was essentially identical to the corresponding undamaged structure, which explained the efficient bypass of the major methylated lesion. Overall, the first structure of translesion synthesis DNA polymerase bypassing Fm7dG suggests that in the catalytic site of Y-family DNA polymerases, small N7-alkylguanine adducts may be well tolerated and form the canonical Watson-Crick base pair with dCTP through their keto tautomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myong-Chul Koag
- The Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, 2409 University Avenue, TX 78712, USA.
| | - Hunmin Jung
- The Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, 2409 University Avenue, TX 78712, USA.
| | - Yi Kou
- The Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, 2409 University Avenue, TX 78712, USA.
| | - Seongmin Lee
- The Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, 2409 University Avenue, TX 78712, USA.
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25
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Guo Y, He Y, Wu S, Zhang S, Song D, Zhu Z, Guo Z, Wang X. Enhancing Cytotoxicity of a Monofunctional Platinum Complex via a Dual-DNA-Damage Approach. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:13150-13160. [PMID: 31539237 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b02033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is an attractive cellular target for anticancer agents in addition to nuclear DNA (nDNA). The cationic platinum(II) complex cis-[Pt(NP)(NH3)2Cl]NO3 (PtNP, NP = N-(2-ethylpyridine)-1,8-naphthalimide) bearing the DNA-intercalating moiety NP was designed. The structure of PtNP was fully characterized by single-crystal X-ray crystallography, NMR, and HRMS. PtNP is superior to cisplatin in both in vitro and in vivo anticancer activities with low systemic toxicity. The interaction of PtNP with CT-DNA demonstrated that PtNP could effectively bind to DNA through both covalent and noncovalent double binding modes. In addition to causing significant damage to nDNA and remarkable inhibition to DNA damage repair, PtNP also distributed in mitochondria, inducing mtDNA damage and affecting the downstream transcriptional level of mitochondrion-encoded genes. In addition, PtNP disturbed the physiological processes of mitochondria by reducing the mitochondrial membrane potential and promoting the generation of reactive oxygen species. Mechanistic studies demonstrate that PtNP induced apoptosis via mitochondrial pathways by upregulating Bax and Puma and downregulating Bcl-2 proteins, leading to the release of cytochrome c and activation of caspase-3 and caspase-9. As a dual-DNA-damage agent, PtNP is able to improve the anticancer activity by damaging both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA, thus providing a new anticancer mechanism of action for the naphthalimide monofunctional platinum(II) complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yafeng He
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , People's Republic of China
| | - Shengde Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , People's Republic of China
| | - Shuren Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , People's Republic of China
| | - Dongfan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenzhu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zijian Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , People's Republic of China
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Monofunctional platinum(II) compounds and nucleolar stress: is phenanthriplatin unique? J Biol Inorg Chem 2019; 24:899-908. [PMID: 31494760 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-019-01707-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Platinum anticancer therapeutics are widely used in a variety of chemotherapy regimens. Recent work has revealed that the cytotoxicity of oxaliplatin and phenanthriplatin is through induction of ribosome biogenesis stress pathways, differentiating them from cisplatin and other compounds that mainly work through DNA damage response mechanisms. To probe the structure-activity relationships in phenanthriplatin's ability to cause nucleolar stress, a series of monofunctional platinum(II) compounds differing in ring number, size and orientation was tested by nucleophosmin (NPM1) relocalization assays using A549 cells. Phenanthriplatin was found to be unique among these compounds in inducing NPM1 relocalization. To decipher underlying reasons, computational predictions of steric bulk, platinum(II) compound surface length and hydrophobicity were performed for all compounds. Of the monofunctional platinum(II) compounds tested, phenanthriplatin has the highest calculated hydrophobicity and volume but does not exhibit the largest distance from platinum(II) to the surface. Thus, spatial orientation and/or hydrophobicity caused by the presence of a third aromatic ring may be significant factors in the ability of phenanthriplatin to cause nucleolar stress.
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27
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Anticancer platinum(II) complexes bearing N-heterocycle rings. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:1257-1263. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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28
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Du K, Zhang X, Zou Z, Li B, Gu S, Zhang S, Qu X, Ling Y, Zhang H. Epigenetically modified N 6-methyladenine inhibits DNA replication by human DNA polymerase η. DNA Repair (Amst) 2019; 78:81-90. [PMID: 30991231 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2019.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
N6-methyladenine (6mA), as a newly reported epigenetic marker, plays significant roles in regulation of various biological processes in eukaryotes. However, the effect of 6mA on human DNA replication remain elusive. In this work, we used Y-family human DNA polymerase η as a model to investigate the kinetics of bypass of 6mA by hPol η. We found 6mA and its intermediate hypoxanthine (I) on template partially inhibited DNA replication by hPol η. dTMP incorporation opposite 6mA and dCMP incorporation opposite I can be considered as correct incorporation. However, both 6mA and I reduced correct incorporation efficiency, next-base extension efficiency, and the priority in extension beyond correct base pair. Both dTMP incorporation opposite 6mA and dCTP opposite I showed fast burst phases. However, 6mA and I reduced the burst incorporation rates (kpol) and increased the dissociation constant (Kd,dNTP), compared with that of dTMP incorporation opposite unmodified A. Biophysical binding assays revealed that both 6mA and I on template reduced the binding affinity of hPol η to DNA in binary or ternary complex compared with unmodified A. All the results explain the inhibition effects of 6mA and I on DNA replication by hPol η, providing new insight in the effects of epigenetically modified 6mA on human DNA replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Du
- College of Life Science, Yan´an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Female Reproductive Health, West China School of Public Health & West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiangqian Zhang
- College of Life Science, Yan´an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhenyu Zou
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Female Reproductive Health, West China School of Public Health & West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Bianbian Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Female Reproductive Health, West China School of Public Health & West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Shiling Gu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Female Reproductive Health, West China School of Public Health & West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Shuming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Female Reproductive Health, West China School of Public Health & West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiaoyi Qu
- College of Life Science, Yan´an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yihui Ling
- Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao Panyu District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huidong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Female Reproductive Health, West China School of Public Health & West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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29
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Koag MC, Jung H, Lee S. Mutagenic Replication of the Major Oxidative Adenine Lesion 7,8-Dihydro-8-oxoadenine by Human DNA Polymerases. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:4584-4596. [PMID: 30817143 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b08551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species attack DNA to produce 7,8-dihyro-8-oxoguanine (oxoG) and 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoadenine (oxoA) as major lesions. The structural basis for the mutagenicity of oxoG, which induces G to T mutations, is well understood. However, the structural basis for the mutagenic potential of oxoA, which induces A to C mutations, remains poorly understood. To gain insight into oxoA-induced mutagenesis, we conducted kinetic studies of human DNA polymerases β and η replicating across oxoA and structural studies of polβ incorporating dTTP/dGTP opposite oxoA. While polη readily bypassed oxoA, it incorporated dGTP opposite oxoA with a catalytic specificity comparable to that of correct insertion, underscoring the promutagenic nature of the major oxidative adenine lesion. Polη and polβ incorporated dGTP opposite oxoA ∼170-fold and ∼100-fold more efficiently than that opposite dA, respectively, indicating that the 8-oxo moiety greatly facilitated error-prone replication. Crystal structures of polβ showed that, when paired with an incoming dTTP, the templating oxoA adopted an anti conformation and formed Watson-Crick base pair. When paired with dGTP, oxoA adopted a syn conformation and formed a Hoogsteen base pair with Watson-Crick-like geometry, highlighting the dual-coding potential of oxoA. The templating oxoA was stabilized by Lys280-mediated stacking and hydrogen bonds. Overall, these results provide insight into the mutagenic potential and dual-coding nature of the major oxidative adenine lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myong-Chul Koag
- The Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
| | - Hunmin Jung
- The Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
| | - Seongmin Lee
- The Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
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Almaqwashi AA, Zhou W, Naufer MN, Riddell IA, Yilmaz ÖH, Lippard SJ, Williams MC. DNA Intercalation Facilitates Efficient DNA-Targeted Covalent Binding of Phenanthriplatin. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:1537-1545. [PMID: 30599508 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b10252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Phenanthriplatin, a monofunctional anticancer agent derived from cisplatin, shows significantly more rapid DNA covalent-binding activity compared to its parent complex. To understand the underlying molecular mechanism, we used single-molecule studies with optical tweezers to probe the kinetics of DNA-phenanthriplatin binding as well as DNA binding to several control complexes. The time-dependent extensions of single λ-DNA molecules were monitored at constant applied forces and compound concentrations, followed by rinsing with a compound-free solution. DNA-phenanthriplatin association consisted of fast and reversible DNA lengthening with time constant τ ≈ 10 s, followed by slow and irreversible DNA elongation that reached equilibrium in ∼30 min. In contrast, only reversible fast DNA elongation occured for its stereoisomer trans-phenanthriplatin, suggesting that the distinct two-rate kinetics of phenanthriplatin is sensitive to the geometric conformation of the complex. Furthermore, no DNA unwinding was observed for pyriplatin, in which the phenanthridine ligand of phenanthriplatin is replaced by the smaller pyridine molecule, indicating that the size of the aromatic group is responsible for the rapid DNA elongation. These findings suggest that the mechanism of binding of phenanthriplatin to DNA involves rapid, partial intercalation of the phenanthridine ring followed by slower substitution of the adjacent chloride ligand by, most likely, the N7 atom of a purine base. The cis isomer affords the proper stereochemistry at the metal center to facilitate essentially irreversible DNA covalent binding, a geometric advantage not afforded by trans-phenanthriplatin. This study demonstrates that reversible DNA intercalation provides a robust transition state that is efficiently converted to an irreversible DNA-Pt bound state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali A Almaqwashi
- Physics Department , King Abdulaziz University , Rabigh 21911 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Wen Zhou
- Department of Chemistry , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States.,David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - M Nabuan Naufer
- Department of Physics , Northeastern University , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Imogen A Riddell
- Department of Chemistry , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States.,Department of Chemistry , The University of Manchester , Manchester M13 9PL , United Kingdom
| | - Ömer H Yilmaz
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Stephen J Lippard
- Department of Chemistry , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States.,David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Mark C Williams
- Department of Physics , Northeastern University , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
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31
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Bypassing a 8,5'-cyclo-2'-deoxyadenosine lesion by human DNA polymerase η at atomic resolution. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:10660-10665. [PMID: 30275308 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1812856115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidatively induced DNA lesions 8,5'-cyclopurine-2'-deoxynucleosides (cdPus) are prevalent and cytotoxic by impeding DNA replication and transcription. Both the 5'R- and 5'S-diastereomers of cdPu can be removed by nucleotide excision repair; however, the 5'S-cdPu is more resistant to repair than the 5'R counterpart. Here, we report the crystal structures of human polymerase (Pol) η bypassing 5'S-8,5'-cyclo-2'-deoxyadenosine (cdA) in insertion and the following two extension steps. The cdA-containing DNA structures vary in response to the protein environment. Supported by the "molecular splint" of Pol η, the structure of 5'S-cdA at 1.75-Å resolution reveals that the backbone is pinched toward the minor groove and the adenine base is tilted. In the templating position, the cdA takes up the extra space usually reserved for the thymine dimer, and dTTP is efficiently incorporated by Pol η in the presence of Mn2+ Rigid distortions of the DNA duplex by cdA, however, prevent normal base pairing and hinder immediate primer extension by Pol η. Our results provide structural insights into the strong replication blockage effect and the mutagenic property of the cdPu lesions in cells.
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32
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Veclani D, Melchior A, Tolazzi M, Cerón-Carrasco JP. Using Theory To Reinterpret the Kinetics of Monofunctional Platinum Anticancer Drugs: Stacking Matters. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:14024-14027. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b07875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Veclani
- Dipartimento Politecnico di Ingegneria e Architettura (DPIA), Laboratori di Chimica, Università di Udine, via delle Scienze 99, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Andrea Melchior
- Dipartimento Politecnico di Ingegneria e Architettura (DPIA), Laboratori di Chimica, Università di Udine, via delle Scienze 99, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Marilena Tolazzi
- Dipartimento Politecnico di Ingegneria e Architettura (DPIA), Laboratori di Chimica, Università di Udine, via delle Scienze 99, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - José P. Cerón-Carrasco
- Bioinformatics and High-Performance Computing Research Group (BIO-HPC), Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM), Campus de los Jerónimos, 30107 Murcia, Spain
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33
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Hucke A, Park GY, Bauer OB, Beyer G, Köppen C, Zeeh D, Wehe CA, Sperling M, Schröter R, Kantauskaitè M, Hagos Y, Karst U, Lippard SJ, Ciarimboli G. Interaction of the New Monofunctional Anticancer Agent Phenanthriplatin With Transporters for Organic Cations. Front Chem 2018; 6:180. [PMID: 29888219 PMCID: PMC5982655 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer treatment with platinum compounds is an important achievement of modern chemotherapy. However, despite the beneficial effects, the clinical impact of these agents is hampered by the development of drug resistance as well as dose-limiting side effects. The efficacy but also side effects of platinum complexes can be mediated by uptake through plasma membrane transporters. In the kidneys, plasma membrane transporters are involved in their secretion into the urine. Renal secretion is accomplished by uptake from the blood into the proximal tubules cells, followed by excretion into the urine. The uptake process is mediated mainly by organic cation transporters (OCT), which are expressed in the basolateral domain of the plasma membrane facing the blood. The excretion of platinum into the urine is mediated by exchange with protons via multidrug and toxin extrusion proteins (MATE) expressed in the apical domain of plasma membrane. Recently, the monofunctional, cationic platinum agent phenanthriplatin, which is able to escape common cellular resistance mechanisms, has been synthesized and investigated. In the present study, the interaction of phenanthriplatin with transporters for organic cations has been evaluated. Phenanthriplatin is a high affinity substrate for OCT2, but has a lower apparent affinity for MATEs. The presence of these transporters increased cytotoxicity of phenanthriplatin. Therefore, phenanthriplatin may be especially effective in the treatment of cancers that express OCTs, such as colon cancer cells. However, the interaction of phenanthriplatin with OCTs suggests that its use as chemotherapeutic agent may be complicated by OCT-mediated toxicity. Unlike cisplatin, phenanthriplatin interacts with high specificity with hMATE1 and hMATE2K in addition to hOCT2. This interaction may facilitate its efflux from the cells and thereby decrease overall efficacy and/or toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Hucke
- Experimental Nephrology, Medical Clinic D, University Hospital, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Ga Young Park
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Oliver B Bauer
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Georg Beyer
- Experimental Nephrology, Medical Clinic D, University Hospital, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Christina Köppen
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Dorothea Zeeh
- Experimental Nephrology, Medical Clinic D, University Hospital, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Christoph A Wehe
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Michael Sperling
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.,European Virtual Institute for Speciation Analysis, Münster, Germany
| | - Rita Schröter
- Experimental Nephrology, Medical Clinic D, University Hospital, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Marta Kantauskaitè
- Experimental Nephrology, Medical Clinic D, University Hospital, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Uwe Karst
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Stephen J Lippard
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Giuliano Ciarimboli
- Experimental Nephrology, Medical Clinic D, University Hospital, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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Monroe JD, Hruska HL, Ruggles HK, Williams KM, Smith ME. Anti-cancer characteristics and ototoxicity of platinum(II) amine complexes with only one leaving ligand. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192505. [PMID: 29513752 PMCID: PMC5841658 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Unlike cisplatin, which forms bifunctional DNA adducts, monofunctional platinum(II) complexes bind only one strand of DNA and might target cancer without causing auditory side-effects associated with cisplatin treatment. We synthesized the monofunctional triamine-ligated platinum(II) complexes, Pt(diethylenetriamine)Cl, [Pt(dien)Cl]+, and Pt(N,N-diethyldiethylenetriamine)Cl, [Pt(Et2dien)Cl]+, and the monofunctional heterocyclic-ligated platinum(II) complexes, pyriplatin and phenanthriplatin, and compared their 5'-GMP binding rates, cellular compartmental distribution and cellular viability effects. A zebrafish inner ear model was used to determine if the monofunctional complexes and cisplatin caused hearing threshold shifts and reduced auditory hair cell density. The four monofunctional complexes had varied relative GMP binding rates, but similar cytosolic and nuclear compartmental uptake in three cancer cell lines (A549, Caco2, HTB16) and a control cell line (IMR90). Phenanthriplatin had the strongest effect against cellular viability, comparable to cisplatin, followed by [Pt(Et2dien)Cl]+, pyriplatin and [Pt(dien)Cl]+. Phenanthriplatin also produced the highest hearing threshold shifts followed by [Pt(dien)Cl]+, [Pt(Et2dien)Cl]+, cisplatin and pyriplatin. Hair cell counts taken from four regions of the zebrafish saccule showed that cisplatin significantly reduced hair cell density in three regions and phenanthriplatin in only one region, with the other complexes having no significant effect. Utricular hair cell density was not reduced by any of the compounds. Our results suggest that placing greater steric hindrance cis to one side of the platinum coordinating center in monofunctional complexes promotes efficient targeting of the nuclear compartment and guanosine residues, and may be responsible for reducing cancer cell viability. Also, the monofunctional compounds caused hearing threshold shifts with minimal effect on hair cell density, which suggests that they may affect different pathways than cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry D. Monroe
- Department of Biology, Western Kentucky University, 1906 College Heights Boulevard, Bowling Green, KY, United States of America
| | - Heidi L. Hruska
- Department of Chemistry, Western Kentucky University, 1906 College Heights Boulevard, Bowling Green, KY, United States of America
| | - Hannah K. Ruggles
- Department of Chemistry, Western Kentucky University, 1906 College Heights Boulevard, Bowling Green, KY, United States of America
| | - Kevin M. Williams
- Department of Chemistry, Western Kentucky University, 1906 College Heights Boulevard, Bowling Green, KY, United States of America
| | - Michael E. Smith
- Department of Biology, Western Kentucky University, 1906 College Heights Boulevard, Bowling Green, KY, United States of America
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35
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Gabano E, Perin E, Fielden C, Platts JA, Gallina A, Rangone B, Ravera M. How to obtain Pt(iv) complexes suitable for conjugation to nanovectors from the oxidation of [PtCl(terpyridine)] . Dalton Trans 2018; 46:10246-10254. [PMID: 28737785 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt01706e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Oxidation of [Pt(II)Cl(terpy)]+ (terpy = 2,2':6',2''-terpyridine) has been attempted with several oxidizing agents and under different experimental conditions in order to obtain a Pt(iv) complex suitable for the conjugation to nanovectors to be used in drug delivery targeting for anticancer therapy. The best compromise in terms of yield and purity of the final complex was obtained by microwave-assisted reaction at 70 °C in 50% aqueous H2O2 for 2 h. Under these conditions the quantitative formation of [Pt(IV)Cl(OH)2(terpy)]+ was observed. The subsequent synthetic steps were, (i) functionalization of [Pt(IV)Cl(OH)2(terpy)]+ in the axial position with succinic anhydride to obtain [Pt(IV)Cl(OH)(succinato)(terpy)]+ and (ii) reaction of the latter with nonporous silica nanoparticles (SNPs) with an external shell containing primary amino groups to obtain a nanovector able to transport the Pt(iv) antitumor prodrug in the form of a conjugate Pt-SNP. Finally, the antiproliferative activity and cell accumulation of [Pt(II)Cl(terpy)]+, [Pt(IV)Cl(OH)2(terpy)]+, and the Pt-SNP conjugate were measured on three cancer cell lines. Despite highly effective accumulation of Pt-SNP in cells, a modest increase in activity was observed with respect to the molecular species. Further experiments showed that the Pt-SNP conjugate can release [Pt(II)Cl(terpy)]+ upon reduction, but this metabolite may undergo hydrolysis, and the resulting aquo complex could coordinate once again the free amino groups of the SNPs. In the resulting tetraamine form, the Pt(ii) complex conjugated to the SNPs cannot completely perform its antiproliferative activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Gabano
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy.
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36
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Insights into the effect of minor groove interactions and metal cofactors on mutagenic replication by human DNA polymerase β. Biochem J 2018; 475:571-585. [PMID: 29301983 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20170787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
DNA polymerases accommodate various base-pair conformations in the event of incorrect insertions. In particular, Watson-Crick-like dG:dTTP base pair has been observed at the insertion site of human DNA polymerase β (pol β). A potential factor contributing to the diverse conformations of base-pair mismatches is minor groove interactions. To gain insights into the effect of minor groove interactions on base-pair conformations, we generated an Asn279Ala polβ mutant that cannot make minor groove contacts with an incoming nucleotide. We conducted structural and kinetic studies of Asn279Ala polβ in complex with incoming dTTP and templating dG or O6-methyl-dG. The crystal structure of the Asn279Ala polβ-G:T complex showed a wobble dG:dTTP base pair, indicating that the previously observed Watson-Crick-like dG:dTTP conformation was induced by the minor groove contact. In contrast, O6-methyl-dG, an analog of the enol tautomer of guanine, formed a Watson-Crick-like base pair with dTTP in the absence of the minor groove contact. These results suggest that the Watson-Crick-like G:T base pair at the insertion site is formed by the rare enol tautomers of G or T, whose population is increased by the minor groove hydrogen bond with Asn279. Kinetic studies showed that Asn279Ala mutation decreased dG:dTTP misincorporation rate six-fold in the presence of Mg2+ but increased the rate three-fold in the presence of Mn2+, highlighting the effect of minor groove interactions and metal ions on promutagenic replication by polβ.
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37
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Brabec V, Hrabina O, Kasparkova J. Cytotoxic platinum coordination compounds. DNA binding agents. Coord Chem Rev 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2017.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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38
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Su Y, Egli M, Guengerich FP. Human DNA polymerase η accommodates RNA for strand extension. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:18044-18051. [PMID: 28972162 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.809723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ribonucleotides are the natural analogs of deoxyribonucleotides, which can be misinserted by DNA polymerases, leading to the most abundant DNA lesions in genomes. During replication, DNA polymerases tolerate patches of ribonucleotides on the parental strands to different extents. The majority of human DNA polymerases have been reported to misinsert ribonucleotides into genomes. However, only PrimPol, DNA polymerase α, telomerase, and the mitochondrial human DNA polymerase (hpol) γ have been shown to tolerate an entire RNA strand. Y-family hpol η is known for translesion synthesis opposite the UV-induced DNA lesion cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer and was recently found to incorporate ribonucleotides into DNA. Here, we report that hpol η is able to bind DNA/DNA, RNA/DNA, and DNA/RNA duplexes with similar affinities. In addition, hpol η, as well as another Y-family DNA polymerase, hpol κ, accommodates RNA as one of the two strands during primer extension, mainly by inserting dNMPs opposite unmodified templates or DNA lesions, such as 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine or cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer, even in the presence of an equal amount of the DNA/DNA substrate. The discovery of this RNA-accommodating ability of hpol η redefines the traditional concept of human DNA polymerases and indicates potential new functions of hpol η in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Su
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0146
| | - Martin Egli
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0146
| | - F Peter Guengerich
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0146
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39
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Cerón-Carrasco JP, Jacquemin D. Tuning the Optical Properties of Phenanthriplatin: Towards New Photoactivatable Analogues. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.201700090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- José Pedro Cerón-Carrasco
- Bioinformatic and High Performance Research Group (BIO-HPC); Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM), Campus los Jerónimos; 30107 Murcia Spain
| | - Denis Jacquemin
- CEISAM UMR CNRS 6230; Université de Nantes; 2, rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208 44322 Nantes Cedex 3 France
- Institut Universitaire de France; 1 rue Descartes 75005 Paris Cedex 5 France
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Sumiyoshi M, Soda H, Sadanaga N, Taniguchi H, Ikeda T, Maruta H, Dotsu Y, Ogawara D, Fukuda Y, Mukae H. Alert Regarding Cisplatin-induced Severe Adverse Events in Cancer Patients with Xeroderma Pigmentosum. Intern Med 2017; 56:979-982. [PMID: 28420850 PMCID: PMC5465418 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.56.7866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is a genetic disease in which DNA repair mechanisms are impaired. Cisplatin (CDDP) exerts cytotoxic effects by forming mainly intrastrand DNA cross-links, and sensitivity to CDDP depends on the DNA repair system. Several in vitro studies have suggested that treatment with CDDP may cause enhanced adverse events as well as anti-tumor activity in cancer patients with XP. This article is the first to describe two cancer patients with XP showing severe adverse events following CDDP-based chemotherapy. Physicians should pay attention when administering CDDP in cancer patients with XP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Sumiyoshi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sasebo City General Hospital, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Soda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sasebo City General Hospital, Japan
| | - Noriaki Sadanaga
- Department of Surgery, Saiseikai Fukuoka General Hospital, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Taniguchi
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Takaya Ikeda
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Maruta
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sasebo City General Hospital, Japan
| | - Yosuke Dotsu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sasebo City General Hospital, Japan
| | - Daiki Ogawara
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sasebo City General Hospital, Japan
| | - Yuichi Fukuda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sasebo City General Hospital, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Mukae
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Japan
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Translesion Synthesis DNA Polymerase Kappa Is Indispensable for DNA Repair Synthesis in Cisplatin Exposed Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:2506-2515. [PMID: 28391554 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0507-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In the peripheral nervous system (PNS) in the absence of tight blood barrier, neurons are at increased risk of DNA damage, yet the question of how effectively PNS neurons manage DNA damage remains largely unanswered. Genotoxins in systemic circulation include chemotherapeutic drugs that reach peripheral neurons and damage their DNA. Because neurotoxicity of platinum-based class of chemotherapeutic drugs has been implicated in PNS neuropathies, we utilized an in vitro model of Dorsal Root Ganglia (DRGs) to investigate how peripheral neurons respond to cisplatin that forms intra- and interstrand crosslinks with their DNA. Our data revealed strong transcriptional upregulation of the translesion synthesis DNA polymerase kappa (Pol κ), while expression of other DNA polymerases remained unchanged. DNA Pol κ is involved in bypass synthesis of diverse DNA lesions and considered a vital player in cellular survival under injurious conditions. To assess the impact of Pol κ deficiency on cisplatin-exposed DRG neurons, Pol κ levels were reduced using siRNA. Pol κ targeting siRNA diminished the cisplatin-induced nuclear Pol κ immunoreactivity in DRG neurons and decreased the extent of cisplatin-induced DNA repair synthesis, as reflected in reduced incorporation of thymidine analog into nuclear DNA. Moreover, Pol κ depletion exacerbated global transcriptional suppression induced by cisplatin in DRG neurons. Collectively, these findings provide the first evidence for critical role of Pol κ in DNA damage response in the nervous system and call attention to implications of polymorphisms that modify Pol κ activity, on maintenance of genomic integrity and neuronal function in exogenously challenged PNS.
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Malvezzi S, Angelov T, Sturla SJ. Minor Groove 3-Deaza-Adenosine Analogues: Synthesis and Bypass in Translesion DNA Synthesis. Chemistry 2016; 23:1101-1109. [PMID: 27862447 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201604289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Anticancer drugs that alkylate DNA in the minor groove may give rise to 3-alkyl-adenosine adducts that interfere with replication, inducing apoptosis in rapidly dividing cancer cells. However, translesion DNA synthesis (TLS) by polymerase enzymes (Pols) with the capacity to bypass DNA adducts may contribute to damage tolerance and drug resistance. 3-Alkyl-adenosine adducts are unstable and depurinate, which is a barrier to addressing chemical and enzymatic aspects of how they impact the progress of DNA Pols. To characterize structure-based relationships of 3-adenine alkylation relevant to cancer drugs on duplex stability and DNA Pol-catalyzed DNA synthesis, we synthesized stable 3-deaza-3-alkyl-adenosine analogues, including 3-deaza-3-phenethyl-adenosine and 3-deaza-3-methoxynaphthylethyl-adenosine, and incorporated them into oligonucleotides. A moderate reduction of duplex stability was observed on the basis of thermal denaturation data. Replication studies using purified Y-family human DNA Pols hPol η, κ, and ι indicated that these enzymes can perform TLS over the modified bases. hPol η had higher misincorporation rates when synthesizing opposite the modified bases compared with adenine, whereas hPol κ and ι maintained high fidelity. These results provide insight into how alterations in chemical structure reduce bypass of minor-groove adducts, and provide novel chemical probes for evaluating minor-groove DNA alkylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Malvezzi
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Todor Angelov
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Shana J Sturla
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
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Riddell IA, Agama K, Park GY, Pommier Y, Lippard SJ. Phenanthriplatin Acts As a Covalent Poison of Topoisomerase II Cleavage Complexes. ACS Chem Biol 2016; 11:2996-3001. [PMID: 27648475 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.6b00565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Drugs capable of trapping topoisomerase II (Top2), an essential enzyme that cleaves DNA to remove naturally occurring knots and tangles, can serve as potent anticancer agents. The monofunctional platinum agent phenanthriplatin, cis-[Pt(NH3)2(phenanthridine)Cl](NO3), is shown here to trap Top2 in addition to its known modes of inhibition of DNA and RNA polymerases. Its potency therefore combines diverse modes of action by which phenanthriplatin kills cancer cells. The observation that phenanthriplatin can act as a Top2 poison highlights opportunities to design nonclassical platinum anticancer agents with this novel mechanism of action. Such complexes have the potential to overcome current limitations with chemotherapy, such as resistance, and to provide treatment options for cancers that do not respond well to classical agents. Covalent DNA-platinum lesions implicated in Top2 poisoning are distinctive from those generated by known therapeutic topoisomerase poisons, which typically exert their action by reversible binding at the interface of Top2-DNA cleavage complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imogen A. Riddell
- Department
of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Keli Agama
- Developmental
Therapeutics Branch and Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center
for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Ga Young Park
- Department
of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Yves Pommier
- Developmental
Therapeutics Branch and Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center
for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Stephen J. Lippard
- Department
of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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44
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Polyanionic Biopolymers for the Delivery of Pt(II) Cationic Antiproliferative Complexes. Bioinorg Chem Appl 2016; 2016:2380540. [PMID: 27774043 PMCID: PMC5059510 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2380540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenanthriplatin, that is, (SP-4-3)-diamminechlorido(phenanthridine)platinum(II) nitrate, an effective antitumor cationic Pt(II) complex, was loaded on negatively charged dextran sulfate (DS) as a model vector for drug delivery via electrostatic interactions. The free complex and the corresponding conjugate with DS were tested on two standard human tumor cell lines, namely, ovarian A2780 and colon HCT 116, and on several malignant pleural mesothelioma cell lines (namely, epithelioid BR95, mixed/biphasic MG06, sarcomatoid MM98, and sarcomatoid cisplatin-resistant MM98R). The in vitro results suggest that the conjugate releases the active metabolite phenanthriplatin with a biphasic fashion. In these experimental conditions, the conjugate is slightly less active than free phenanthriplatin; but both exhibited antiproliferative potency higher than the reference metallodrug cisplatin and were able to overcome the acquired cisplatin chemoresistance in MM98R cells.
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45
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Benedetti M, Romano A, De Castro F, Girelli CR, Antonucci D, Migoni D, Verri T, Fanizzi FP. N7-platinated ribonucleotides are not incorporated by RNA polymerases. New perspectives for a rational design of platinum antitumor drugs. J Inorg Biochem 2016; 163:143-146. [PMID: 27421694 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we assessed the capacity of RNA polymerases to use platinated ribonucleotides as substrates for RNA synthesis by testing the incorporation of the model compound [Pt(dien)(N7-5'-GTP)] (dien=diethylenetriamine; GTP=5'-guanosine triphosphate) into a natural RNA sequence. The yield of in vitro transcription operated by T7 RNA polymerase, on the LacZ (Escherichia coli gene encoding for β-galactosidase) sequence, decreases progressively with decreasing the concentration of natural GTP, in favor of the platinated nucleotide, [Pt(dien)(N7-5'-GTP)]. Comparison of the T7 RNA polymerase transcription activities for [Pt(dien)(N7-5'-GTP)] compound incorporation reaction test, with respect to the effect of a decreasing concentration of natural GTP, showed no major differences. A specific inhibitory effect of compound [Pt(dien)(N7-5'-GTP)] (which may pair the complementary base on the DNA strand, without being incorporated in the RNA by the T7 RNA polymerase) was evidenced. Our findings therefore suggest that RNA polymerases, unlike DNA polymerases, are unable to incorporate N7-platinated nucleotides into newly synthesized nucleic acids. In this respect, specifically designed N7-platinated nucleotides based compounds could be used in alternative to the classical platinum based drugs. This approach may offer a possible strategy to target specifically DNA, without affecting RNA, and is potentially able to better modulate pharmacological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Benedetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università del Salento, Via Monteroni, I-73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Romano
- Neuropathology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology and Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Federica De Castro
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università del Salento, Via Monteroni, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Chiara R Girelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università del Salento, Via Monteroni, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Daniela Antonucci
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università del Salento, Via Monteroni, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Danilo Migoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università del Salento, Via Monteroni, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Tiziano Verri
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università del Salento, Via Monteroni, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Francesco P Fanizzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università del Salento, Via Monteroni, I-73100 Lecce, Italy.
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46
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Riddell IA, Johnstone TC, Park GY, Lippard SJ. Nucleotide Binding Preference of the Monofunctional Platinum Anticancer-Agent Phenanthriplatin. Chemistry 2016; 22:7574-81. [PMID: 27111128 PMCID: PMC4884344 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201600236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The monofunctional platinum anticancer agent phenanthriplatin generates covalent adducts with the purine bases guanine and adenine. Preferential nucleotide binding was investigated by using a polymerase stop assay and linear DNA amplification with a 163-base pair DNA double helix. Similarly to cisplatin, phenanthriplatin forms the majority of adducts at guanosine residues, but significant differences in both the number and position of platination sites emerge when comparing results for the two complexes. Notably, the monofunctional complex generates a greater number of polymerase-halting lesions at adenosine residues than does cisplatin. Studies with 9-methyladenine reveal that, under abiological conditions, phenanthriplatin binds to the N(1) or N(7) position of 9-methyladenine in approximately equimolar amounts. By contrast, comparable reactions with 9-methylguanine afforded only the N(7) -bound species. Both of the 9-methyladenine linkage isomers (N(1) and N(7) ) exist as two diastereomeric species, arising from hindered rotation of the aromatic ligands about their respective platinum-nitrogen bonds. Eyring analysis of rate constants extracted from variable-temperature NMR spectroscopic data revealed that the activation energies for ligand rotation in the N(1) -bound platinum complex and the N(7) -linkage isomers are comparable. Finally, a kinetic analysis indicated that phenanthriplatin reacts more rapidly, by a factor of eight, with 9-methylguanine than with 9-methyladenine, suggesting that the distribution of lesions formed on double-stranded DNA is kinetically controlled. In addition, implications for the potent anticancer activity of phenanthriplatin are discussed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imogen A Riddell
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139-4307, USA
| | - Timothy C Johnstone
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139-4307, USA
| | - Ga Young Park
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139-4307, USA
| | - Stephen J Lippard
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139-4307, USA.
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47
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Czapar AE, Zheng YR, Riddell IA, Shukla S, Awuah SG, Lippard SJ, Steinmetz NF. Tobacco Mosaic Virus Delivery of Phenanthriplatin for Cancer therapy. ACS NANO 2016; 10:4119-26. [PMID: 26982250 PMCID: PMC5155116 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b07360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Phenanthriplatin, cis-[Pt(NH3)2Cl(phenanthridine)](NO3), is a cationic monofunctional DNA-binding platinum(II) anticancer drug candidate with unusual potency and cellular response profiles. Its in vivo efficacy has not yet been demonstrated, highlighting the need for a delivery system. Here we report tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) as a delivery system for phenanthriplatin. TMV forms hollow nanotubes with a polyanionic interior surface; capitalizing on this native structure, we developed a one-step phenanthriplatin loading protocol. Phenanthriplatin release from the carrier is induced in acidic environments. This delivery system, designated PhenPt-TMV, exhibits matched efficacy in a cancer cell panel compared to free phenanthriplatin. In vivo tumor delivery and efficacy were confirmed by using a mouse model of triple negative breast cancer. Tumors treated with PhenPt-TMV were 4× smaller than tumors treated with free phenanthriplatin or cisplatin, owing to increased accumulation of phenanthriplatin within the tumor tissue. The biology-derived TMV delivery system may facilitate translation of phenanthriplatin into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E. Czapar
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44118, United States
| | - Yao-Rong Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Imogen A. Riddell
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Sourabh Shukla
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44118, United States
| | - Samuel G. Awuah
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Stephen J. Lippard
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Corresponding Authors: ,
| | - Nicole F. Steinmetz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44118, United States
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44118, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44118, United States
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44118, United States
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44118, United States
- Corresponding Authors: ,
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48
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Johnstone TC, Suntharalingam K, Lippard SJ. The Next Generation of Platinum Drugs: Targeted Pt(II) Agents, Nanoparticle Delivery, and Pt(IV) Prodrugs. Chem Rev 2016; 116:3436-86. [PMID: 26865551 PMCID: PMC4792284 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1674] [Impact Index Per Article: 209.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The platinum drugs, cisplatin, carboplatin, and oxaliplatin, prevail in the treatment of cancer, but new platinum agents have been very slow to enter the clinic. Recently, however, there has been a surge of activity, based on a great deal of mechanistic information, aimed at developing nonclassical platinum complexes that operate via mechanisms of action distinct from those of the approved drugs. The use of nanodelivery devices has also grown, and many different strategies have been explored to incorporate platinum warheads into nanomedicine constructs. In this Review, we discuss these efforts to create the next generation of platinum anticancer drugs. The introduction provides the reader with a brief overview of the use, development, and mechanism of action of the approved platinum drugs to provide the context in which more recent research has flourished. We then describe approaches that explore nonclassical platinum(II) complexes with trans geometry or with a monofunctional coordination mode, polynuclear platinum(II) compounds, platinum(IV) prodrugs, dual-threat agents, and photoactivatable platinum(IV) complexes. Nanoparticles designed to deliver platinum(IV) complexes will also be discussed, including carbon nanotubes, carbon nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles, quantum dots, upconversion nanoparticles, and polymeric micelles. Additional nanoformulations, including supramolecular self-assembled structures, proteins, peptides, metal-organic frameworks, and coordination polymers, will then be described. Finally, the significant clinical progress made by nanoparticle formulations of platinum(II) agents will be reviewed. We anticipate that such a synthesis of disparate research efforts will not only help to generate new drug development ideas and strategies, but also will reflect our optimism that the next generation of approved platinum cancer drugs is about to arrive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy C Johnstone
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | | | - Stephen J Lippard
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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49
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Su Y, Egli M, Guengerich FP. Mechanism of Ribonucleotide Incorporation by Human DNA Polymerase η. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:3747-56. [PMID: 26740629 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.706226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ribonucleotides and 2'-deoxyribonucleotides are the basic units for RNA and DNA, respectively, and the only difference is the extra 2'-OH group on the ribonucleotide sugar. Cellular rNTP concentrations are much higher than those of dNTP. When copying DNA, DNA polymerases not only select the base of the incoming dNTP to form a Watson-Crick pair with the template base but also distinguish the sugar moiety. Some DNA polymerases use a steric gate residue to prevent rNTP incorporation by creating a clash with the 2'-OH group. Y-family human DNA polymerase η (hpol η) is of interest because of its spacious active site (especially in the major groove) and tolerance of DNA lesions. Here, we show that hpol η maintains base selectivity when incorporating rNTPs opposite undamaged DNA and the DNA lesions 7,8-dihydro-8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine and cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer but with rates that are 10(3)-fold lower than for inserting the corresponding dNTPs. X-ray crystal structures show that the hpol η scaffolds the incoming rNTP to pair with the template base (dG) or 7,8-dihydro-8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine with a significant propeller twist. As a result, the 2'-OH group avoids a clash with the steric gate, Phe-18, but the distance between primer end and Pα of the incoming rNTP increases by 1 Å, elevating the energy barrier and slowing polymerization compared with dNTP. In addition, Tyr-92 was identified as a second line of defense to maintain the position of Phe-18. This is the first crystal structure of a DNA polymerase with an incoming rNTP opposite a DNA lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Su
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0146
| | - Martin Egli
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0146
| | - F Peter Guengerich
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0146
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50
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Liu F, Suryadi J, Bierbach U. Cellular Recognition and Repair of Monofunctional-Intercalative Platinum--DNA Adducts. Chem Res Toxicol 2015; 28:2170-8. [PMID: 26457537 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.5b00327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The cellular recognition and processing of monofunctional-intercalative DNA adducts formed by [PtCl(en)(L)](NO3)2 (P1-A1; en = ethane-1,2-diamine; L = N-[2-(acridin-9-ylamino)ethyl]-N-methylpropionamidine, acridinium cation), a cytotoxic hybrid agent with potent anticancer activity, was studied. Excision of these adducts and subsequent DNA repair synthesis were monitored in plasmids modified with platinum using incubations with mammalian cell-free extract. On the basis of the levels of [α-(32)P]-dCTP incorporation, P1-A1-DNA adducts were rapidly repaired with a rate approximately 8 times faster (t1/2 ≈ 18 min at 30 °C) than the adducts (cross-links) formed by the drug cisplatin. Cellular responses to P1-A1 and cisplatin were also studied in NCI-H460 lung cancer cells using immunocytochemistry in conjunction with confocal fluorescence microscopy. At the same dose, P1-A1, but not cisplatin, elicited a distinct requirement for DNA double-strand break repair and stalled replication fork repair, which caused nuclear fluorescent staining related to high levels of MUS81, a specialized repair endonuclease, and phosphorylated histone protein γ-H2AX. The results confirm previous observations in yeast-based chemical genomics assays. γ-H2AX fluorescence is observed as a large number of discrete foci signaling DNA double-strand breaks, pan-nuclear preapoptotic staining, and unique circularly shaped staining around the nucleoli and nuclear rim. DNA cleavage assays indicate that P1-A1 does not act as a typical topoisomerase poison, suggesting the high level of DNA double-strand breaks in cells is more likely a result of topoisomerase-independent replication fork collapse. Overall, the cellular response to platinum-acridines shares striking similarities with that reported for DNA adduct-forming derivatives of the drug doxorubicin. The results of this study are discussed in light of the cellular mechanism of action of platinum-acridines and their ability to overcome resistance to cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Wake Forest University , Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27109, United States
| | - Jimmy Suryadi
- Department of Chemistry, Wake Forest University , Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27109, United States
| | - Ulrich Bierbach
- Department of Chemistry, Wake Forest University , Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27109, United States
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