1
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Giraudo A, Pallavicini M, Bolchi C. Small molecule ligands for α9* and α7 nicotinic receptors: a survey and an update, respectively. Pharmacol Res 2023; 193:106801. [PMID: 37236412 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The α9- and α7-containing nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) mediate numerous physiological and pathological processes by complex mechanisms that are currently the subject of intensive study and debate. In this regard, selective ligands serve as invaluable investigative tools and, in many cases, potential therapeutics for the treatment of various CNS disfunctions and diseases, neuropathic pain, inflammation, and cancer. However, the present scenario differs significantly between the two aforementioned nicotinic subtypes. Over the past few decades, a large number of selective α7-nAChR ligands, including full, partial and silent agonists, antagonists, and allosteric modulators, have been described and reviewed. Conversely, reports on selective α9-containing nAChR ligands are relatively scarce, also due to a more recent characterization of this receptor subtype, and hardly any focusing on small molecules. In this review, we focus on the latter, providing a comprehensive overview, while providing only an update over the last five years for α7-nAChR ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Giraudo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Pallavicini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Cristiano Bolchi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133 Milano, Italy.
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2
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Godellas NE, Grosman C. Probing function in ligand-gated ion channels without measuring ion transport. J Gen Physiol 2022; 154:213244. [PMID: 35612603 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202213082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the functional properties of ion channels are most accurately assessed using electrophysiological approaches, a number of experimental situations call for alternative methods. Here, working on members of the pentameric ligand-gated ion channel (pLGIC) superfamily, we focused on the practical implementation of, and the interpretation of results from, equilibrium-type ligand-binding assays. Ligand-binding studies of pLGICs are by no means new, but the lack of uniformity in published protocols, large disparities between the results obtained for a given parameter by different groups, and a general disregard for constraints placed on the experimental observations by simple theoretical considerations suggested that a thorough analysis of this classic technique was in order. To this end, we present a detailed practical and theoretical study of this type of assay using radiolabeled α-bungarotoxin, unlabeled small-molecule cholinergic ligands, the human homomeric α7-AChR, and extensive calculations in the framework of a realistic five-binding-site reaction scheme. Furthermore, we show examples of the practical application of this method to tackle two longstanding questions in the field: our results suggest that ligand-binding affinities are insensitive to binding-site occupancy and that mutations to amino-acid residues in the transmembrane domain are unlikely to affect the channel's affinities for ligands that bind to the extracellular domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole E Godellas
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Claudio Grosman
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL.,Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL.,Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
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3
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Natarajan K, Mukhtasimova N, Corradi J, Lasala M, Bouzat C, Sine SM. Mechanism of calcium potentiation of the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. J Gen Physiol 2021; 152:151971. [PMID: 32702089 PMCID: PMC7478872 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202012606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) is among the most abundant types of nAChR in the brain, yet the ability of nerve-released ACh to activate α7 remains enigmatic. In particular, a major population of α7 resides in extra-synaptic regions where the ACh concentration is reduced, owing to dilution and enzymatic hydrolysis, yet ACh shows low potency in activating α7. Using high-resolution single-channel recording techniques, we show that extracellular calcium is a powerful potentiator of α7 activated by low concentrations of ACh. Potentiation manifests as robust increases in the frequency of channel opening and the average duration of the openings. Molecular dynamics simulations reveal that calcium binds to the periphery of the five ligand binding sites and is framed by a pair of anionic residues from the principal and complementary faces of each site. Mutation of residues identified by simulation prevents calcium from potentiating ACh-elicited channel opening. An anionic residue is conserved at each of the identified positions in all vertebrate species of α7. Thus, calcium associates with a novel structural motif on α7 and is an obligate cofactor in regions of limited ACh concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathiresan Natarajan
- Receptor Biology Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
| | - Nuriya Mukhtasimova
- Receptor Biology Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
| | - Jeremías Corradi
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas, Departamento de Biologia, Bioquimica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Matías Lasala
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas, Departamento de Biologia, Bioquimica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Bouzat
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas, Departamento de Biologia, Bioquimica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Steven M Sine
- Receptor Biology Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN.,Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
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4
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Taylor P, Shyong YJ, Samskey N, Ho KY, Radic' Z, Fenical W, Sharpless KB, Kovarik Z, Camacho-Hernandez GA. Ligand design for human acetylcholinesterase and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, extending beyond the conventional and canonical. J Neurochem 2021; 158:1217-1222. [PMID: 33638151 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We detail here distinctive departures from lead classical cholinesterase re-activators, the pyridinium aldoximes, to achieve rapid CNS penetration and reactivation of AChE in the CNS (brain and spinal cord). Such reactivation is consistent with these non-canonical re-activators enhancing survival parameters in both mice and macaques following exposure to organophosphates. Thus, the ideal cholinesterase re-activator should show minimal toxicity, limited inhibitory activity in the absence of an organophosphate, and rapid CNS penetration, in addition to its nucleophilic potential at the target, the conjugated AChE active center. These are structural properties directed to reactivity profiles at the conjugated AChE active center, reinforced by the pharmacokinetic and tissue disposition properties of the re-activator leads. In the case of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonists and antagonists, with the many existing receptor subtypes in mammals, we prioritize subtype selectivity in their design. In contrast to nicotine and its analogues that react with panoply of AChR subtypes, the substituted di-2-picolyl amine pyrimidines possess distinctive ionization characteristics reflecting in selectivity for the orthosteric site at the α7 subtypes of receptor. Here, entry to the CNS should be prioritized for the therapeutic objectives of the nicotinic agent influencing aberrant CNS activity in development or in the sequence of CNS ageing (longevity) in mammals, along with general peripheral activities controlling inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palmer Taylor
- Department of Pharmacology, Skaggs School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, CA, USA
| | - Yan-Jye Shyong
- Department of Pharmacology, Skaggs School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, CA, USA
| | - Nathan Samskey
- Department of Pharmacology, Skaggs School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, CA, USA
| | - Kwok-Yiu Ho
- Department of Pharmacology, Skaggs School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, CA, USA
| | - Zoran Radic'
- Department of Pharmacology, Skaggs School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, CA, USA
| | - William Fenical
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, CA, USA
| | - K Barry Sharpless
- Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Zrinka Kovarik
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
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5
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Reddy KKA, Jayashree M, Govindu PCV, Gowd KH. Ligand-induced transition in conformations of vicinal cysteine disulfides in proteins. Proteins 2020; 89:599-613. [PMID: 33378101 DOI: 10.1002/prot.26039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Vicinal cysteine disulfides are thought to be associated with specific conformations of cysteine disulfides due to the restricted rotation of single bonds in an eight-membered cyclic disulfide loop. Conformations of vicinal cysteine disulfides are analyzed using χ1 , χ2 , χ3 , χ2 ', χ1 ' torsion angles in the crystal structures of proteins retrieved from Protein Data Bank (PDB). 85% of vicinal disulfides have (+, -)LHStaple conformation with trans configuration of the peptide bond and 9% have (-, -)RHStaple conformation with cis configured peptide bond. Conformational analysis of dipeptide Cys-Cys vicinal disulfide by density functional theory (DFT) further supported (+, -)LHStaple, (-, -)RHStaple, and (+, +)RHStaple as the preferred conformations of vicinal disulfides. Interestingly, the rare conformations of vicinal disulfides are observed in the ligand-bound forms of proteins and have higher disulfide strain energy. Conformations of vicinal disulfides in palmitoyl protein thioesterase 1, AChBP, and α7 nicotinic receptor are changed from preferred (+, -)LHStaple to rare (+, -)AntiLHHook/(+, -)AntiRHHook/(+, +)RHStaple conformation due to binding of ligands. Surprisingly, ligands are proximal to the vicinal disulfides in protein complexes that exhibited rare conformations of vicinal disulfides. The report has identified (+, -) LHStaple/(-, -) RHStaple as the hallmark conformations of vicinal disulfides and unraveled ligand-induced transition in conformations of vicinal cysteine disulfides in proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kasi Amarnath Reddy
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, Central University of Karnataka, Kalaburagi, India
| | - Muddagoni Jayashree
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, Central University of Karnataka, Kalaburagi, India
| | - Panchada Ch V Govindu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, Central University of Karnataka, Kalaburagi, India
| | - Konkallu Hanumae Gowd
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, Central University of Karnataka, Kalaburagi, India
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6
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Camacho-Hernandez GA, Taylor P. Lessons from nature: Structural studies and drug design driven by a homologous surrogate from invertebrates, AChBP. Neuropharmacology 2020; 179:108108. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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7
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Modulation of cholinergic activity through lynx prototoxins: Implications for cognition and anxiety regulation. Neuropharmacology 2020; 174:108071. [PMID: 32298703 PMCID: PMC7785133 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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8
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Gulsevin A, Papke RL, Horenstein N. In Silico Modeling of the α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor: New Pharmacological Challenges Associated with Multiple Modes of Signaling. Mini Rev Med Chem 2020; 20:841-864. [PMID: 32000651 PMCID: PMC8719523 DOI: 10.2174/1389557520666200130105256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor is a homopentameric ion-channel of the Cys-loop superfamily characterized by its low probability of opening, high calcium permeability, and rapid desensitization. The α7 receptor has been targeted for the treatment of the cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia, depression, and Alzheimer's disease, but it is also involved in inflammatory modulation as a part of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. Despite its functional importance, in silico studies of the α7 receptor cannot produce a general model explaining the structural features of receptor activation, nor predict the mode of action for various ligand classes. Two particular problems in modeling the α7 nAChR are the absence of a high-resolution structure and the presence of five potentially nonequivalent orthosteric ligand binding sites. There is wide variability regarding the templates used for homology modeling, types of ligands investigated, simulation methods, and simulation times. However, a systematic survey focusing on the methodological similarities and differences in modeling α7 has not been done. In this work, we make a critical analysis of the modeling literature of α7 nAChR by comparing the findings of computational studies with each other and with experimental studies under the main topics of structural studies, ligand binding studies, and comparisons with other nAChR. In light of our findings, we also summarize current problems in the field and make suggestions for future studies concerning modeling of the α7 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alican Gulsevin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, FL, 32611-7200, United States
| | - Roger L Papke
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, P.O. Box 100267, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States
| | - Nicole Horenstein
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, FL, 32611-7200, United States
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9
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Camacho-Hernandez GA, Stokes C, Duggan BM, Kaczanowska K, Brandao-Araiza S, Doan L, Papke RL, Taylor P. Synthesis, Pharmacological Characterization, and Structure-Activity Relationships of Noncanonical Selective Agonists for α7 nAChRs. J Med Chem 2019; 62:10376-10390. [PMID: 31675224 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A lack of selectivity of classical agonists for the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) has prompted us to identify and develop a distinct scaffold of α7 nAChR-selective ligands. Noncanonical 2,4,6-substituted pyrimidine analogues were framed around compound 40 for a structure-activity relationship study. The new lead compounds activate selectively the α7 nAChRs with EC50's between 30 and 140 nM in a PNU-120596-dependent, cell-based calcium influx assay. After characterizing the expanded lead landscape, we ranked the compounds for rapid activation using Xenopus oocytes expressing human α7 nAChR with a two-electrode voltage clamp. This approach enabled us to define the molecular determinants governing rapid activation, agonist potency, and desensitization of α7 nAChRs after exposure to pyrimidine analogues, thereby distinguishing this subclass of noncanonical agonists from previously defined types of agonists (agonists, partial agonists, silent agonists, and ago-PAMs). By NMR, we analyzed pKa values for ionization of lead candidates, demonstrating distinctive modes of interaction for this landscape of ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisela Andrea Camacho-Hernandez
- Department of Pharmacology, Skaggs School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of California-San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093-0751 , United States
| | - Clare Stokes
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics , University of Florida , P.O. Box 100267, Gainesville , Florida 32610-0267 , United States
| | - Brendan M Duggan
- Department of Pharmacology, Skaggs School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of California-San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093-0751 , United States
| | - Katarzyna Kaczanowska
- Department of Pharmacology, Skaggs School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of California-San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093-0751 , United States
| | - Stefania Brandao-Araiza
- Department of Pharmacology, Skaggs School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of California-San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093-0751 , United States
| | - Lisa Doan
- Department of Pharmacology, Skaggs School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of California-San Diego , La Jolla , California 92093-0751 , United States
| | - Roger L Papke
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics , University of Florida , P.O. Box 100267, Gainesville , Florida 32610-0267 , United States
| | - Palmer Taylor
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics , University of Florida , P.O. Box 100267, Gainesville , Florida 32610-0267 , United States
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10
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Mukhtasimova N, Sine SM. Full and partial agonists evoke distinct structural changes in opening the muscle acetylcholine receptor channel. J Gen Physiol 2018; 150:713-729. [PMID: 29680816 PMCID: PMC5940249 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201711881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The muscle acetylcholine (ACh) receptor transduces a chemical into an electrical signal, but the efficiency of transduction, or efficacy, depends on the particular agonist. It is often presumed that full and partial agonists elicit the same structural changes after occupancy of their binding sites but with differing speed and efficiency. In this study, we tested the alternative hypothesis that full and partial agonists elicit distinct structural changes. To probe structural changes, we substituted cysteines for pairs of residues that are juxtaposed in the three-dimensional structure and recorded agonist-elicited single-channel currents before and after the addition of an oxidizing reagent. The results revealed multiple cysteine pairs for which agonist-elicited channel opening changes after oxidative cross-linking. Moreover, we found that the identity of the agonist determined whether cross-linking affects channel opening. For the αD97C/αY127C pair at the principal face of the subunit, cross-linking markedly suppressed channel opening by full but not partial agonists. Conversely, for the αD97C/αK125C pair, cross-linking impaired channel opening by the weak agonist choline but not other full or partial agonists. For the αT51C/αK125C pair, cross-linking enhanced channel opening by the full agonist ACh but not other full or partial agonists. At the complementary face of the subunit, cross-linking between pairs within the same β hairpin suppressed channel opening by ACh, whereas cross-linking between pairs from adjacent β hairpins was without effect for all agonists. In each case, the effects of cross-linking were reversed after addition of a reducing reagent, and receptors with single cysteine substitutions remained unaltered after addition of either oxidizing or reducing reagents. These findings show that, in the course of opening the receptor channel, different agonists elicit distinct structural changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuriya Mukhtasimova
- Receptor Biology Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
| | - Steven M Sine
- Receptor Biology Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN .,Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN.,Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
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11
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Ma Q, Tae HS, Wu G, Jiang T, Yu R. Exploring the Relationship between Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Ligand Size, Efficiency, Efficacy, and C-Loop Opening. J Chem Inf Model 2017; 57:1947-1956. [PMID: 28718646 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.7b00152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are ligand-gated ion channels mediating fundamental physiological activities in the nervous system and have become important targets for drug design. For a long time, the acetylcholine binding protein (AChBP) has been used as a surrogate to study the nAChR structure-function. Taking advantage of more than 100 AChBP crystal structures in the Protein DataBank (PDB), we explored the relationship between the size, efficiency, and efficacy of nAChR ligands and the C-loop movement. We found that the size of the ligand is correlated with the opening of the C-loop, which can be used in selecting AChBP crystal structures with appropriate C-loop opening to be used for nAChR ligand docking. Ligand size and C-loop opening are reversely correlated with the ligand efficiency rather than the binding affinity. Ligand efficiency could be accurately predicted using simple computational docking, giving a correlation coefficients (R2) up to 0.73. The efficacy of nAChR ligands might be related to ligand size, C-loop opening, and ligand efficiency. Results from this study are useful for engineering the binding affinity and efficacy of nAChR ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyun Ma
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China , Qingdao 266003, China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology , Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Han-Shen Tae
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute (IHMRI), University of Wollongong , Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Guanzhao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China , Qingdao 266003, China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology , Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China , Qingdao 266003, China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology , Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Rilei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China , Qingdao 266003, China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology , Qingdao 266003, China
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12
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Kaczanowska K, Camacho Hernandez GA, Bendiks L, Kohs L, Cornejo-Bravo JM, Harel M, Finn MG, Taylor P. Substituted 2-Aminopyrimidines Selective for α7-Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Activation and Association with Acetylcholine Binding Proteins. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:3676-3684. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b10746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Kaczanowska
- Department of Pharmacology, Skaggs School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0650, United States,
| | - Gisela Andrea Camacho Hernandez
- Department of Pharmacology, Skaggs School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0650, United States,
- Facultad
de Ciencias Químicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Calzada Universidad 14418, Tijuana, Baja California 22390, Mexico
| | - Larissa Bendiks
- Department of Pharmacology, Skaggs School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0650, United States,
| | - Larissa Kohs
- Department of Pharmacology, Skaggs School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0650, United States,
| | - Jose Manuel Cornejo-Bravo
- Facultad
de Ciencias Químicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Calzada Universidad 14418, Tijuana, Baja California 22390, Mexico
| | - Michal Harel
- Department of Pharmacology, Skaggs School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0650, United States,
| | - M. G. Finn
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Palmer Taylor
- Department of Pharmacology, Skaggs School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0650, United States,
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13
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Shahsavar A, Gajhede M, Kastrup JS, Balle T. Structural Studies of Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors: Using Acetylcholine-Binding Protein as a Structural Surrogate. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2016; 118:399-407. [DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Shahsavar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics; Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience - DANDRITE; Aarhus University; Aarhus Denmark
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Michael Gajhede
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Jette S. Kastrup
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Thomas Balle
- Faculty of Pharmacy; The University of Sydney; Sydney NSW Australia
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14
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Martini JWR, Diambra L, Habeck M. Cooperative binding: a multiple personality. J Math Biol 2015; 72:1747-74. [PMID: 26319983 DOI: 10.1007/s00285-015-0922-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Cooperative binding has been described in many publications and has been related to or defined by several different properties of the binding behavior of the ligand to the target molecule. In addition to the commonly used Hill coefficient, other characteristics such as a sigmoidal shape of the overall titration curve in a linear plot, a change of ligand affinity of the other binding sites when a site of the target molecule becomes occupied, or complex roots of the binding polynomial have been used to define or to quantify cooperative binding. In this work, we analyze how the different properties are related in the most general model for binding curves based on the grand canonical partition function and present several examples which highlight differences between the cooperativity characterizing properties which are discussed. Our results mainly show that among the presented definitions there are not two which fully coincide. Moreover, this work poses the question whether it can make sense to distinguish between positive and negative cooperativity based on the macroscopic binding isotherm only. This article shall emphasize that scientists who investigate cooperative effects in biological systems could help avoiding misunderstandings by stating clearly which kind of cooperativity they discuss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes W R Martini
- Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen, Germany.
- Felix Bernstein Institute for Mathematical Statistics in the Biosciences, Georg-August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Georg-August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Luis Diambra
- Centro Regional de Estudios Geńomicos, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Michael Habeck
- Felix Bernstein Institute for Mathematical Statistics in the Biosciences, Georg-August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
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15
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Arunrungvichian K, Fokin VV, Vajragupta O, Taylor P. Selectivity Optimization of Substituted 1,2,3-Triazoles as α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Agonists. ACS Chem Neurosci 2015; 6:1317-30. [DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.5b00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kuntarat Arunrungvichian
- Center
of Excellence for Innovation in Drug Design and Discovery, Faculty
of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, 447 Sri-Ayudhya Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Department
of Pharmacology, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0650, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Valery V. Fokin
- Department
of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Opa Vajragupta
- Center
of Excellence for Innovation in Drug Design and Discovery, Faculty
of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, 447 Sri-Ayudhya Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Palmer Taylor
- Department
of Pharmacology, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0650, United States
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16
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Cecchini M, Changeux JP. The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and its prokaryotic homologues: Structure, conformational transitions & allosteric modulation. Neuropharmacology 2014; 96:137-49. [PMID: 25529272 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Pentameric ligand-gated ion channels (pLGICs) play a central role in intercellular communications in the nervous system by converting the binding of a chemical messenger - a neurotransmitter - into an ion flux through the postsynaptic membrane. Here, we present an overview of the most recent advances on the signal transduction mechanism boosted by X-ray crystallography of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic homologues of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) in conjunction with time-resolved analyses based on single-channel electrophysiology and Molecular Dynamics simulations. The available data consistently point to a global mechanism of gating that involves a large reorganization of the receptor mediated by two distinct quaternary transitions: a global twisting and a radial expansion/contraction of the extracellular domain. These transitions profoundly modify the organization of the interface between subunits, which host several sites for orthosteric and allosteric modulatory ligands. The same mechanism may thus mediate both positive and negative allosteric modulations of pLGICs ligand binding at topographically distinct sites. The emerging picture of signal transduction is expected to pave the way to new pharmacological strategies for the development of allosteric modulators of nAChR and pLGICs in general. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'The Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor: From Molecular Biology to Cognition'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Cecchini
- ISIS, UMR 7006 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, F-67083 Strasbourg Cedex, France.
| | - Jean-Pierre Changeux
- CNRS, URA 2182, F-75015 Paris, France; Collège de France, F-75005 Paris, France; Kavli Institute for Brain & Mind University of California, San Diego La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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17
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Changeux JP. Protein dynamics and the allosteric transitions of pentameric receptor channels. Biophys Rev 2014; 6:311-321. [PMID: 25505495 PMCID: PMC4256460 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-014-0149-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent application of molecular dynamics (MD) methodology to investigate the allosteric transitions of the acetylcholine receptor and its prokaryotic and eukaryotic pentameric homologs has yielded new insights into the mechanisms of signal transduction by these receptors. Combined with available data on X-ray structures, MD techniques enable description of the dynamics of the conformational change at the atomic level, intra-molecular propagation of this signal transduction mechanism as a concerted stepwise process at physiological timescales and the control of this process by allosteric modulators, thereby offering new perspectives for drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Pierre Changeux
- UMR 3571 CNRS, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France
- Collège de France, 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot, 75005 Paris, France
- Kavli Brain-Mind Institute University of California, San Diego, CA USA
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