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Islam MA, Rony SA, Rahman MB, Cinar MU, Villena J, Uddin MJ, Kitazawa H. Improvement of Disease Resistance in Livestock: Application of Immunogenomics and CRISPR/Cas9 Technology. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E2236. [PMID: 33260762 PMCID: PMC7761152 DOI: 10.3390/ani10122236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Disease occurrence adversely affects livestock production and animal welfare, and have an impact on both human health and public perception of food-animals production. Combined efforts from farmers, animal scientists, and veterinarians have been continuing to explore the effective disease control approaches for the production of safe animal-originated food. Implementing the immunogenomics, along with genome editing technology, has been considering as the key approach for safe food-animal production through the improvement of the host genetic resistance. Next-generation sequencing, as a cutting-edge technique, enables the production of high throughput transcriptomic and genomic profiles resulted from host-pathogen interactions. Immunogenomics combine the transcriptomic and genomic data that links to host resistance to disease, and predict the potential candidate genes and their genomic locations. Genome editing, which involves insertion, deletion, or modification of one or more genes in the DNA sequence, is advancing rapidly and may be poised to become a commercial reality faster than it has thought. The clustered regulatory interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) [CRISPR/Cas9] system has recently emerged as a powerful tool for genome editing in agricultural food production including livestock disease management. CRISPR/Cas9 mediated insertion of NRAMP1 gene for producing tuberculosis resistant cattle, and deletion of CD163 gene for producing porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) resistant pigs are two groundbreaking applications of genome editing in livestock. In this review, we have highlighted the technological advances of livestock immunogenomics and the principles and scopes of application of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated targeted genome editing in animal breeding for disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Aminul Islam
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh;
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Graduate School of Agricultural University Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan;
- Livestock Immunology Unit, International Research and Education Centre for Food and Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
| | - Sharmin Aqter Rony
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh;
| | - Mohammad Bozlur Rahman
- Department of Livestock Services, Krishi Khamar Sarak, Farmgate, Dhaka 1215, Bangladesh;
| | - Mehmet Ulas Cinar
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey;
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology & Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Julio Villena
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Graduate School of Agricultural University Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan;
- Laboratory of Immunobiotechnology, Reference Centre for Lactobacilli, (CERELA), Tucuman 4000, Argentina
| | - Muhammad Jasim Uddin
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh;
- School of Veterinary Science, Gatton Campus, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Haruki Kitazawa
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Graduate School of Agricultural University Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan;
- Livestock Immunology Unit, International Research and Education Centre for Food and Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
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Fan L, Li D, Xue H, Zhang L, Liu Z, Zhang B, Zhang L, Yang W, Xie B, Duan X, Hu X, Cheng K, Peng L, Yu N, Song L, Chen H, Sui X, Zheng N, Liu S, Jin Z. Progress and prospect on imaging diagnosis of COVID-19. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ACADEMIC RADIOLOGY 2020; 3:4-13. [PMID: 32292880 PMCID: PMC7149076 DOI: 10.1007/s42058-020-00031-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 has become a public health emergency due to its rapid transmission. The appearance of pneumonia is one of the major clues for the diagnosis, progress and therapeutic evaluation. More and more literatures about imaging manifestations and related research have been reported. In order to know about the progress and prospective on imaging of COVID-19, this review focus on interpreting the CT findings, stating the potential pathological basis, proposing the challenge of patients with underlying diseases, differentiating with other diseases and suggesting the future research and clinical directions, which would be helpful for the radiologists in the clinical practice and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Fan
- Department of Radiology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, No. 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003 China
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052 China
| | - Huadan Xue
- Department of Radiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Longjiang Zhang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, No. 305 Zhongshan Eastern Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, 210002 China
| | - Zaiyi Liu
- Department of Radiolgy, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 106, Zhongshan Er Road, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Department of Radiolgy, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008 China
| | - Lina Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 Nanjingbei Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001 China
| | - Wenjie Yang
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, No. 127 Ruijin Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Baojun Xie
- Department of Radiology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, No. 238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430060 China
| | - Xiaoyi Duan
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, No. 277 Yanta West Road, Xi’an, 710061 Shaanxi China
| | - Xiuhua Hu
- Department of Radiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical School, Zhejiang University, 3 East Qinchun Road, Hangzhou, 310006 Zhejiang China
| | - Kailiang Cheng
- Department of Radiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, No. 126 Xiantai Street, Erdao District, Changchun, 130033 Jilin China
| | - Liqing Peng
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Road, Wuhou District, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Nan Yu
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, No 2, Wei Yang West Road, Xian Yang, 712000 China
| | - Lan Song
- Department of Radiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Huai Chen
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, No. 151 Yanjiang Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510120 China
| | - Xin Sui
- Department of Radiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Nannan Zheng
- Department of Radiology, Wuhan Children’s Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technologyechnology, No. 100 Hongkong Road, Jiangan District, Wuhan, 430016 China
| | - Shiyuan Liu
- Department of Radiology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, No. 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003 China
| | - Zhengyu Jin
- Department of Radiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730 China
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Jeon S, Lim JM, Lee HG, Shin SE, Kang NK, Park YI, Oh HM, Jeong WJ, Jeong BR, Chang YK. Current status and perspectives of genome editing technology for microalgae. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2017; 10:267. [PMID: 29163669 PMCID: PMC5686953 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-017-0957-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Genome editing techniques are critical for manipulating genes not only to investigate their functions in biology but also to improve traits for genetic engineering in biotechnology. Genome editing has been greatly facilitated by engineered nucleases, dubbed molecular scissors, including zinc-finger nuclease (ZFN), TAL effector endonuclease (TALEN) and clustered regularly interspaced palindromic sequences (CRISPR)/Cas9. In particular, CRISPR/Cas9 has revolutionized genome editing fields with its simplicity, efficiency and accuracy compared to previous nucleases. CRISPR/Cas9-induced genome editing is being used in numerous organisms including microalgae. Microalgae have been subjected to extensive genetic and biological engineering due to their great potential as sustainable biofuel and chemical feedstocks. However, progress in microalgal engineering is slow mainly due to a lack of a proper transformation toolbox, and the same problem also applies to genome editing techniques. Given these problems, there are a few reports on successful genome editing in microalgae. It is, thus, time to consider the problems and solutions of genome editing in microalgae as well as further applications of this exciting technology for other scientific and engineering purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungjib Jeon
- Advanced Biomass Research and Development Center (ABC), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141 Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Min Lim
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Gwan Lee
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Eun Shin
- LG Chem, 188 Munji-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34122 Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Kyu Kang
- Advanced Biomass Research and Development Center (ABC), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Il Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134 Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Mock Oh
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Joong Jeong
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong-ryool Jeong
- Advanced Biomass Research and Development Center (ABC), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141 Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Keun Chang
- Advanced Biomass Research and Development Center (ABC), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141 Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141 Republic of Korea
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Roperto S, Varano M, Russo V, Lucà R, Cagiola M, Gaspari M, Ceccarelli DM, Cuda G, Roperto F. Proteomic analysis of protein purified derivative of Mycobacterium bovis. J Transl Med 2017; 15:68. [PMID: 28372590 PMCID: PMC5376687 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-017-1172-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tuberculin skin test based on in vivo intradermal inoculation of purified protein derivative from Mycobacterium bovis (bPPD) is the diagnostic test for the control and surveillance of bovine tuberculosis (bTB). Methods Proteomic analysis was performed on different bPPD preparations from M. bovis, strain AN5. Proteins were precipitated from bPPD solutions by TCA precipitation. The proteome of bPPD preparations was investigated by bottom-up proteomics, which consisted in protein digestion and nano-LC–MS/MS analysis. Mass spectrometry analysis was performed on a Q-exactive hybrid quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometer coupled online to an Easy nano-LC1000 system. Results Three hundred and fifty-six proteins were identified and quantified by at least 2 peptides (99% confidence per peptide). One hundred and ninety-eight proteins, which had not been previously described, were detected; furthermore, the proteomic profile shared 80 proteins with previous proteomes from bPPDs from the United Kingdom and Brazil and 139 protein components from bPPD from Korea. Locus name of M. bovis (Mb) with orthologs from M. tuberculosis H37Rv, comparative gene and protein length, molecular mass, functional categories, gene name and function of each protein were reported. Ninety-two T cell mycobacterial antigens responsible for delayed-type hypersensitivity were detected, fifty-two of which were not previously reported in any bPPD proteome. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD005920. Conclusions This study represents the highest proteome coverage of bPPD preparations to date. Since proteins perform cellular functions essential to health and/or disease, obtaining knowledge of their presence and variance is of great importance in understanding disease states and for advancing translational studies. Therefore, to better understand Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex biology during infection, survival, and persistence, the reproducible evaluation of the proteins that catalyze and control these processes is critically important. More active and more specific tuberculins would be desirable. Indeed, many antigens contained within bPPD are currently responsible for the cross-reactivity resulting in false-positive results as they are shared between non-tuberculous and tuberculous mycobacteria. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12967-017-1172-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sante Roperto
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e delle Produzioni Animali, Università di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy.
| | - Mariaconcetta Varano
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, Università di Catanzaro "Magna Græcia" Campus "S. Venuta", Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Valeria Russo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e delle Produzioni Animali, Università di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Lucà
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e delle Produzioni Animali, Università di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Monica Cagiola
- Istituto Zooprofilattico dell'Umbria e delle Marche, Perugia, Italy
| | - Marco Gaspari
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, Università di Catanzaro "Magna Græcia" Campus "S. Venuta", Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Dora Maria Ceccarelli
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e delle Produzioni Animali, Università di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Cuda
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, Università di Catanzaro "Magna Græcia" Campus "S. Venuta", Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Franco Roperto
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Gao Y, Wu H, Wang Y, Liu X, Chen L, Li Q, Cui C, Liu X, Zhang J, Zhang Y. Single Cas9 nickase induced generation of NRAMP1 knockin cattle with reduced off-target effects. Genome Biol 2017; 18:13. [PMID: 28143571 PMCID: PMC5286826 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-016-1144-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The CRISPR-Cas9 system is a widely utilized platform for transgenic animal production in various species, although its off-target effects should be addressed. Several applications of this tool have been proposed in model animals but remain insufficient for transgenic livestock production. RESULTS Here, we report the first application of single Cas9 nickase (Cas9n) to induce gene insertion at a selected locus in cattle. We identify the main binding sites of a catalytically inactive Cas9 (dCas9) protein in bovine fetal fibroblast cells (BFFs) with chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq). Subsequently, we demonstrate that a single Cas9n-induced single-strand break can stimulate the insertion of the natural resistance-associated macrophage protein-1 (NRAMP1) gene with reduced, but still considerable, off-target effects. Through somatic cell nuclear transfer, we finally obtain transgenic cattle with increased resistance to tuberculosis. CONCLUSIONS Our results contribute to the development of CRISPR-Cas9 system for agriculture applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanpeng Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haibo Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yongsheng Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xin Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Linlin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qian Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chenchen Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xu Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jingcheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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Prajapati BM, Gupta JP, Pandey DP, Parmar GA, Chaudhari JD. Molecular markers for resistance against infectious diseases of economic importance. Vet World 2017; 10:112-120. [PMID: 28246455 PMCID: PMC5301170 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2017.112-120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Huge livestock population of India is under threat by a large number of endemic infectious (bacterial, viral, and parasitic) diseases. These diseases are associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality, particularly in exotic and crossbred cattle. Beside morbidity and mortality, economic losses by these diseases occur through reduced fertility, production losses, etc. Some of the major infectious diseases which have great economic impact on Indian dairy industries are tuberculosis (TB), Johne's disease (JD), mastitis, tick and tick-borne diseases (TTBDs), foot and mouth disease, etc. The development of effective strategies for the assessment and control of infectious diseases requires a better understanding of pathogen biology, host immune response, and diseases pathogenesis as well as the identification of the associated biomarkers. Indigenous cattle (Bos indicus) are reported to be comparatively less affected than exotic and crossbred cattle. However, genetic basis of resistance in indigenous cattle is not well documented. The association studies of few of the genes associated with various diseases, namely, solute carrier family 11 member 1, Toll-like receptors 1, with TB; Caspase associated recruitment domain 15, SP110 with JD; CACNA2D1, CD14 with mastitis and interferon gamma, BoLA--DRB3.2 alleles with TTBDs, etc., are presented. Breeding for genetic resistance is one of the promising ways to control the infectious diseases. High host resistance is the most important method for controlling such diseases, but till today no breed is total immune. Therefore, work may be undertaken under the hypothesis that the different susceptibility to these diseases are exhibited by indigenous and crossbred cattle is due to breed-specific differences in the dealing of infected cells with other immune cells, which ultimately influence the immune response responded against infections. Achieving maximum resistance to these diseases is the ultimate goal, is technically possible to achieve, and is permanent. Progress could be enhanced through introgression of resistance genes to breeds with low resistance. The quest for knowledge of the genetic basis for infectious diseases in indigenous livestock is strongly warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. M. Prajapati
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar - 385 506, Gujarat, India
| | - J. P. Gupta
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar - 385 506, Gujarat, India
| | - D. P. Pandey
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar - 385 506, Gujarat, India
| | - G. A. Parmar
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar - 385 506, Gujarat, India
| | - J. D. Chaudhari
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar - 385 506, Gujarat, India
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Shin SE, Lim JM, Koh HG, Kim EK, Kang NK, Jeon S, Kwon S, Shin WS, Lee B, Hwangbo K, Kim J, Ye SH, Yun JY, Seo H, Oh HM, Kim KJ, Kim JS, Jeong WJ, Chang YK, Jeong BR. CRISPR/Cas9-induced knockout and knock-in mutations in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27810. [PMID: 27291619 PMCID: PMC4904240 DOI: 10.1038/srep27810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome editing is crucial for genetic engineering of organisms for improved traits, particularly in microalgae due to the urgent necessity for the next generation biofuel production. The most advanced CRISPR/Cas9 system is simple, efficient and accurate in some organisms; however, it has proven extremely difficult in microalgae including the model alga Chlamydomonas. We solved this problem by delivering Cas9 ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) comprising the Cas9 protein and sgRNAs to avoid cytotoxicity and off-targeting associated with vector-driven expression of Cas9. We obtained CRISPR/Cas9-induced mutations at three loci including MAA7, CpSRP43 and ChlM, and targeted mutagenic efficiency was improved up to 100 fold compared to the first report of transgenic Cas9-induced mutagenesis. Interestingly, we found that unrelated vectors used for the selection purpose were predominantly integrated at the Cas9 cut site, indicative of NHEJ-mediated knock-in events. As expected with Cas9 RNPs, no off-targeting was found in one of the mutagenic screens. In conclusion, we improved the knockout efficiency by using Cas9 RNPs, which opens great opportunities not only for biological research but also industrial applications in Chlamydomonas and other microalgae. Findings of the NHEJ-mediated knock-in events will allow applications of the CRISPR/Cas9 system in microalgae, including "safe harboring" techniques shown in other organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Eun Shin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Min Lim
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Gi Koh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Kyung Kim
- Advanced Biomass R&D Center (ABC), KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Kyu Kang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungjib Jeon
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohee Kwon
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Sub Shin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Bongsoo Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwon Hwangbo
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biological Science, Chungnam National University (CNU), Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungeun Kim
- Center for Genome Engineering, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University (SNU), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hyeok Ye
- Center for Genome Engineering, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Basic science, IBS school, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Young Yun
- Center for Genome Engineering, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hogyun Seo
- School of Life Sciences, KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University (KNU), Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Mock Oh
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Jin Kim
- School of Life Sciences, KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University (KNU), Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Soo Kim
- Center for Genome Engineering, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University (SNU), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Joong Jeong
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Keun Chang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Advanced Biomass R&D Center (ABC), KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong-ryool Jeong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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