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Saura-Sanmartin A, Cutillas-Font G, Martinez-Cuezva A, Alajarin M, Esteban-Betegón F, Pena-Sánchez P, Gándara F, Berna J. Mechanical bonding of rigid MORFs using a tetratopic rotaxane. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:6431-6434. [PMID: 38829284 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc02065k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
The preparation of highly rigid cobalt(II)- and copper(II)-organic frameworks incorporating a tetralactam [2]rotaxane as a ligand is described. The interlocked ligand is functionalized with two pairs of carboxylate groups placed at each counterpart, thus limiting its dynamics within the crystal. The solid structure of the metal-organic rotaxane frameworks showed different, unprecedented polycatenation modes of grids, depending on the employed metal, providing great rigidity to the structures. This rigidity has been evaluated by using single crystal X-ray diffraction analyses of the cobalt(II)-organic frameworks embedded in different solvents, observing that the lattices remain unchanged. Thus, this research demonstrates that rigid and robust materials with permanent porosity can be achieved using dynamic ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Saura-Sanmartin
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Guillermo Cutillas-Font
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Alberto Martinez-Cuezva
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Mateo Alajarin
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Fátima Esteban-Betegón
- Departamento de Nuevas Arquitecturas en Química de Materiales, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM-CSIC), Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Pilar Pena-Sánchez
- Departamento de Nuevas Arquitecturas en Química de Materiales, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM-CSIC), Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Felipe Gándara
- Departamento de Nuevas Arquitecturas en Química de Materiales, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM-CSIC), Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jose Berna
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
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Saura-Sanmartin A. Light-responsive rotaxane-based materials: inducing motion in the solid state. Beilstein J Org Chem 2023; 19:873-880. [PMID: 37346498 PMCID: PMC10280056 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.19.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Light-responsive rotaxane-based solid-state materials are ideal scaffolds in order to develop smart materials due to the properties provided by the mechanical bond, such as control over the dynamics of the components upon application of external stimuli. This perspective aims to highlight the relevance of these materials, by pointing out recent examples of photoresponsive materials prepared from a rotaxanated architecture in which motion of the counterparts and/or macroscopic motion of the interlocked materials are achieved. Although further development is needed, these materials are envisioned as privileged scaffolds which will be used for different advanced applications in the area of molecular machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Saura-Sanmartin
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
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3
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Nath A, Chawla S, K De A, Deria P, Mandal S. Inter-Network Charge-Transfer Excited State Formation Within a Two-fold Catenated Metal-Organic Framework. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202202978. [PMID: 36205435 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Charge-transfer excited state (CTES) defines the ability to split photon energy into work producing redox equivalents suitable for photocatalysis. Here, we report inter-net CTES formation within a two-fold catenated crystalline metal-organic framework (MOF), constructed with two linkers, N,N'-di(4-pyridyl)-1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxydiimide (DPNDI) and 2,6-dicarboxynaphthalene (NDC). The structural flexibility puts two complementary linkers from two nets in a proximal position to interact strongly. Supported by the electrochemical and steady-state electronic spectroscopic data, this ground-state interaction facilitates forming CTES that can be populated by direct excitation. We map the dynamics of the CTES which persists over a few nanoseconds and highlight the utilities of such relatively long-lived CTES as enhanced conductivity of the MOF under light over that measured in dark and as a proof-of-the-principle test, photo-reduction of methyl viologen under white light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akashdeep Nath
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695551, India
| | - Sakshi Chawla
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Arijit K De
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Pravas Deria
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Science, Southern Illinois University, 1245 Lincoln Drive, Carbondale, Illinois, 62901, USA
| | - Sukhendu Mandal
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695551, India
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Chen X, Chen H, Fraser Stoddart J. The Story of the Little Blue Box: A Tribute to Siegfried Hünig. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202211387. [PMID: 36131604 PMCID: PMC10099103 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202211387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The tetracationic cyclophane, cyclobis(paraquat-p-phenylene), also known as the little blue box, constitutes a modular receptor that has facilitated the discovery of many host-guest complexes and mechanically interlocked molecules during the past 35 years. Its versatility in binding small π-donors in its tetracationic state, as well as forming trisradical tricationic complexes with viologen radical cations in its doubly reduced bisradical dicationic state, renders it valuable for the construction of various stimuli-responsive materials. Since the first reports in 1988, the little blue box has been featured in over 500 publications in the literature. All this research activity would not have been possible without the seminal contributions carried out by Siegfried Hünig, who not only pioneered the syntheses of viologen-containing cyclophanes, but also revealed their rich redox chemistry in addition to their ability to undergo intramolecular π-dimerization. This Review describes how his pioneering research led to the design and synthesis of the little blue box, and how this redox-active host evolved into the key component of molecular shuttles, switches, and machines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao‐Yang Chen
- Department of ChemistryNorthwestern University2145 Sheridan RoadEvanstonIllinois 60208USA
| | - Hongliang Chen
- Stoddart Institute of Molecular ScienceDepartment of ChemistryZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation CenterHangzhou311215China
| | - J. Fraser Stoddart
- Department of ChemistryNorthwestern University2145 Sheridan RoadEvanstonIllinois 60208USA
- Stoddart Institute of Molecular ScienceDepartment of ChemistryZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation CenterHangzhou311215China
- School of ChemistryUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSW 2052Australia
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5
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Feng L, Astumian RD, Stoddart JF. Controlling dynamics in extended molecular frameworks. Nat Rev Chem 2022; 6:705-725. [PMID: 37117491 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-022-00412-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Molecular machines are essential dynamic components for fuel production, cargo delivery, information storage and processing in living systems. Scientists have demonstrated that they can design and synthesize artificial molecular machines that operate efficiently in isolation - for example, at high dilution in solution - fuelled by chemicals, electricity or light. To organize the spatial arrangement and motion of these machines within close proximity to one another in solid frameworks, such that useful macroscopic work can be performed, remains a challenge in both chemical and materials science. In this Review, we summarize the progress that has been made during the past decade in organizing dynamic molecular entities in such solid frameworks. Emerging applications of these dynamic smart materials in the contexts of molecular recognition, optoelectronics, drug delivery, photodynamic therapy and water desalination are highlighted. Finally, we review recent work on a new non-equilibrium adsorption phenomenon for which we have coined the term mechanisorption. The ability to use external energy to drive directional processes in mechanized extended frameworks augurs well for the future development of artificial molecular factories.
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Saura-Sanmartin A, Pastor A, Martinez-Cuezva A, Cutillas-Font G, Alajarin M, Berna J. Mechanically interlocked molecules in metal-organic frameworks. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:4949-4976. [PMID: 35612363 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00167e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mechanically interlocked molecules (MIMs) have great potential in the development of molecular machinery due to their intercomponent dynamics. The incorporation of these molecules in a condensed phase makes it possible to take advantage of the control of the motion of the components at the macroscopic level. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are postulated as ideal supports for intertwined molecules. This review covers the chemistry of the mechanical bond incorporated into metal-organic frameworks from the seminal studies to the latest published advances. We first describe some fundamental concepts of MIMs and MOFs. Next, we summarize the advances in the incorporation of rotaxanes and catenanes inside MOF matrices. Finally, we conclude by showing the study of the rotaxane dynamics in MOFs and the operation of some stimuli-responsive MIMs within MOFs. In addition to emphasising some selected examples, we offer a critical opinion on the state of the art of this research field, remarking the key points on which the future of these systems should be focused.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Saura-Sanmartin
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, E-30100, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Aurelia Pastor
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, E-30100, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Alberto Martinez-Cuezva
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, E-30100, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Guillermo Cutillas-Font
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, E-30100, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Mateo Alajarin
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, E-30100, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Jose Berna
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, E-30100, Murcia, Spain.
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7
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Li X, Xie J, Du Z, Jiang L, Li G, Ling S, Zhu K. Docking rings in a solid: reversible assembling of pseudorotaxanes inside a zirconium metal-organic framework. Chem Sci 2022; 13:6291-6296. [PMID: 35733896 PMCID: PMC9159108 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc01497a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
An unprecedented zirconium metal–organic framework featuring a T-shaped benzimidazole strut was constructed and employed as a sponge-like material for selective absorption of macrocyclic guests. The neutral benzimidazole domain of the as-synthesized framework can be readily protonated and fully converted to benzimidazolium. Mechanical threading of [24]crown-8 ether wheels onto recognition sites to form pseudorotaxanes was evidenced by solution nuclear magnetic resonance, solid-state fluorescence, and infrared spectroscopy. Selective absorption of [24]crown-8 ether rather than its dibenzo counterpart was also observed. Further study reveals that this binding process is reversible and acid–base switchable. The success of docking macrocyclic guests in crystals via host–guest interactions provides an alternative route to complex functional materials with interpenetrated structures. A T-shaped ligand was designed as struts for building a zirconium metal–organic framework. Acid–base switchable docking and releasing a 24-membered crown ether inside crystals was successfully accomplished via post-synthetic modification.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Li
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Jialin Xie
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Zhenglin Du
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Long Jiang
- Instrumental Analysis and Research Centre, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Guangqin Li
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Sanliang Ling
- Advanced Materials Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Kelong Zhu
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
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8
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Mixed component metal-organic frameworks: Heterogeneity and complexity at the service of application performances. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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9
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Hao ZK, Lv HF, Wang DY, Wu XJ. High-performance chemical information database towards accelerating discovery of metal-organic frameworks for gas adsorption with machine learning. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2021. [DOI: 10.1063/1674-0068/cjcp2104079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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10
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Colasson B, Devic T, Gaubicher J, Martineau-Corcos C, Poizot P, Sarou-Kanian V. Dual Electroactivity in a Covalent Organic Network with Mechanically Interlocked Pillar[5]arenes. Chemistry 2021; 27:9589-9596. [PMID: 33830553 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of a polyrotaxanated covalent organic network (CON) based on the association between the viologen and pillar[5]arene (P[5]OH) units are reported. The mechanical bond allows for the irreversible insertion of n-type redox centers (P[5]OH macrocycles) within a pristine structure based on p-type viologen redox centers. Both redox units are active on a narrow potential range and, in water, the presence of P[5]OH greatly increases the electroactivity of the material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Colasson
- Université de Paris UMR 8601, LCPBT, CNRS, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Devic
- Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel (IMN), Université de Nantes, CNRS, 2 rue de la Houssinière, 44322, Nantes, France
| | - Joël Gaubicher
- Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel (IMN), Université de Nantes, CNRS, 2 rue de la Houssinière, 44322, Nantes, France
| | - Charlotte Martineau-Corcos
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles (ILV), Université de Versailles St Quentin, Université Paris-Saclay, 45 avenue des Etats-Unis, 78035, Versailles, France.,CEMHTI UPR 3079 CNRS, Université d'Orléans, 45071, Orléans, France
| | - Philippe Poizot
- Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel (IMN), Université de Nantes, CNRS, 2 rue de la Houssinière, 44322, Nantes, France
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11
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Kinik FP, Ortega-Guerrero A, Ongari D, Ireland CP, Smit B. Pyrene-based metal organic frameworks: from synthesis to applications. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:3143-3177. [PMID: 33475661 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00424c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Pyrene is one of the most widely investigated aromatic hydrocarbons given to its unique optical and electronic properties. Hence, pyrene-based ligands have been attractive for the synthesis of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) in the last few years. In this review, we will focus on the most important characteristics of pyrene, in addition to the development and synthesis of pyrene-based molecules as bridging ligands to be used in MOF structures. We will summarize the synthesis attempts, as well as the post-synthetic modifications of pyrene-based MOFs by the incorporation of metals or ligands in the structure. The discussion of promising results of such MOFs in several applications; including luminescence, photocatalysis, adsorption and separation, heterogeneous catalysis, electrochemical applications and bio-medical applications will be highlighted. Finally, some insights and future prospects will be given based on the studies discussed in the review. This review will pave the way for the researchers in the field for the design and development of novel pyrene-based structures and their utilization for different applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Pelin Kinik
- Laboratory of Molecular Simulation (LSMO), Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques (ISIC), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Rue de l'Industrie 17, CH-1951 Sion, Valais, Switzerland.
| | - Andres Ortega-Guerrero
- Laboratory of Molecular Simulation (LSMO), Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques (ISIC), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Rue de l'Industrie 17, CH-1951 Sion, Valais, Switzerland.
| | - Daniele Ongari
- Laboratory of Molecular Simulation (LSMO), Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques (ISIC), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Rue de l'Industrie 17, CH-1951 Sion, Valais, Switzerland.
| | - Christopher P Ireland
- Laboratory of Molecular Simulation (LSMO), Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques (ISIC), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Rue de l'Industrie 17, CH-1951 Sion, Valais, Switzerland.
| | - Berend Smit
- Laboratory of Molecular Simulation (LSMO), Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques (ISIC), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Rue de l'Industrie 17, CH-1951 Sion, Valais, Switzerland.
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12
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Applications of reticular diversity in metal–organic frameworks: An ever-evolving state of the art. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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13
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Zhang L, Zhou Y, Han S. The Role of Metal–Organic Frameworks in Electronic Sensors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202006402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lin‐Tao Zhang
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province College of Optoelectronic Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 P. R. China
| | - Ye Zhou
- Institute for Advanced Study Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 P. R. China
| | - Su‐Ting Han
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 P. R. China
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14
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Zhang L, Zhou Y, Han S. The Role of Metal–Organic Frameworks in Electronic Sensors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:15192-15212. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202006402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lin‐Tao Zhang
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province College of Optoelectronic Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 P. R. China
| | - Ye Zhou
- Institute for Advanced Study Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 P. R. China
| | - Su‐Ting Han
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 P. R. China
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15
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Wilson BH, Abdulla LM, Schurko RW, Loeb SJ. Translational dynamics of a non-degenerate molecular shuttle imbedded in a zirconium metal-organic framework. Chem Sci 2021; 12:3944-3951. [PMID: 34163664 PMCID: PMC8179482 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc06837c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A new [2]rotaxane molecular shuttle linker based on the binding of a 24-crown-8 ether macrocycle at a benzimidazole recognition site was synthesised. The shuttling dynamics of the linker were studied in solution and the structure confirmed by X-ray crystallography. A multivariate Zr(iv) MOF, UWDM-11, containing the new MIM linker and primary linker tetramethylterphenyldicarboxylate was synthesised and the translational motion of the molecular shuttle studied in the solid state. The use of a 13C enriched MIM linker allowed the dynamics of both activated and mesitylene-solvated UWDM-11 to be elucidated by VT 13C CPMAS SSNMR. The incorporation of mesitylene into the pores of UWDM-11 resulted in a significant increase in the barrier for thermally driven translation of the macrocycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin H Wilson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor Windsor Ontario N9B 3P4 Canada
| | - Louae M Abdulla
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor Windsor Ontario N9B 3P4 Canada
| | - Robert W Schurko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University Tallahassee FL 32306 USA
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory Tallahassee FL 32310 USA
| | - Stephen J Loeb
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor Windsor Ontario N9B 3P4 Canada
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16
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Li X, Gao K, Mo B, Tang J, Wu J, Hou H. BiOI Particles Confined into Metal-Organic Framework NU-1000 for Valid Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution under Visible-Light Irradiation. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:1352-1358. [PMID: 33476141 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Herein, a surface site engineering strategy is used to construct a porous Z-scheme heterojunction photocatalyst for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution (PHE) by integration of BiOI in a mesoporous Zr-based metal-organic framework (MOF) NU-1000. Three high-quality and highly dispersed BiOI@NU-1000 heterojunction materials are synthesized, and a set of methods is used to characterize these materials, indicating that the BiOI@NU-1000 heterojunction can retain high porosity and crystallinity of the parent NU-1000. Furthermore, the built-in electric field of the BiOI@NU-1000 composite can effectively tune the band gap, promote the separation of photoinduced charge carriers, improve photocurrent intensity, and reduce photoelectric impedance. Under visible-light irradiation, BiOI@NU-1000-2 showed the best photocatalytic performance in the field of MOF-based photocatalysts for PHE, with a hydrogen production rate of up to 610 μmol h-1 g-1. This study will open up opportunities for the construction of Z-scheme photocatalysts based on the highly porous MOF materials to inspire the development of innovative photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Li
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Kuan Gao
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Bingyan Mo
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Jixin Tang
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Jie Wu
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Hongwei Hou
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
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17
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Wilson BH, Vojvodin CS, Gholami G, Abdulla LM, O’Keefe CA, Schurko RW, Loeb SJ. Precise Spatial Arrangement and Interaction between Two Different Mobile Components in a Metal-Organic Framework. Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2020.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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18
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Guo QH, Qiu Y, Kuang X, Liang J, Feng Y, Zhang L, Jiao Y, Shen D, Astumian RD, Stoddart JF. Artificial Molecular Pump Operating in Response to Electricity and Light. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:14443-14449. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c06663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Hui Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Yunyan Qiu
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Xinyi Kuang
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Jiaqi Liang
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Yuanning Feng
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Long Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Yang Jiao
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Dengke Shen
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - R. Dean Astumian
- Department of Physics, University of Maine, 5709 Bennet Hall, Orono, Maine 04469, United States
| | - J. Fraser Stoddart
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Institute for Molecular Design and Synthesis, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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19
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Saura-Sanmartin A, Martinez-Cuezva A, Bautista D, Marzari MRB, Martins MAP, Alajarin M, Berna J. Copper-Linked Rotaxanes for the Building of Photoresponsive Metal Organic Frameworks with Controlled Cargo Delivery. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:13442-13449. [PMID: 32646211 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c04477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We have prepared a photoresponsive metal-organic framework by using an amide-based [2]rotaxane as linker and copper(II) ions as metal nodes. The interlocked linker was obtained by the hydrogen bond-directed approach employing a fumaramide thread as template of the macrocyclic component, this latter incorporating two carboxyl groups. Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of the metal-organic framework, prepared under solvothermal conditions, showed the formation of stacked 2D rhombohedral grids forming channels decorated with the interlocked alkenyl threads. A series of metal-organic frameworks differing in the E/Z olefin ratio were prepared either by the previous isomerization of the linker or by postirradiation of the reticulated materials. By dynamic solid state 2H NMR measurements, using deuterium-labeled materials, we proved that the geometry of the olefinic axis of the interlocked struts determined the obtention of materials with different independent local dynamics as a result of the strength of the intercomponent noncovalent interactions. Moreover, the usefulness of these novel copper-rotaxane materials as molecular dosing containers has also been assayed by the diffusion and photorelease of p-benzoquinone, evaluated in different solvents and temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Saura-Sanmartin
- Departamento de Quimica Organica, Facultad de Quimica, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, Murcia E-30100, Spain
| | - Alberto Martinez-Cuezva
- Departamento de Quimica Organica, Facultad de Quimica, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, Murcia E-30100, Spain
| | - Delia Bautista
- Seccion Universitaria de Instrumentacion Cientifica (SUIC), Area Científica y Tecnica de Investigacion (ACTI), Universidad de Murcia, Murcia E-30100, Spain
| | - Mara R B Marzari
- Nucleo de Quimica de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE), Departamento de Quimica, Universidad Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria-RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Marcos A P Martins
- Nucleo de Quimica de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE), Departamento de Quimica, Universidad Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria-RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Mateo Alajarin
- Departamento de Quimica Organica, Facultad de Quimica, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, Murcia E-30100, Spain
| | - Jose Berna
- Departamento de Quimica Organica, Facultad de Quimica, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, Murcia E-30100, Spain
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20
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21
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Danowski W, Castiglioni F, Sardjan AS, Krause S, Pfeifer L, Roke D, Comotti A, Browne WR, Feringa BL. Visible-Light-Driven Rotation of Molecular Motors in a Dual-Function Metal-Organic Framework Enabled by Energy Transfer. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:9048-9056. [PMID: 32324391 PMCID: PMC7232677 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c03063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The visible-light-driven rotation of an overcrowded alkene-based molecular motor strut in a dual-function metal-organic framework (MOF) is reported. Two types of functional linkers, a palladium-porphyrin photosensitizer and a bispyridine-derived molecular motor, were used to construct the framework capable of harvesting low-energy green light to power the rotary motion. The molecular motor was introduced in the framework using the postsynthetic solvent-assisted linker exchange (SALE) method, and the structure of the material was confirmed by powder (PXRD) and single-crystal X-ray (SC-XRD) diffraction. The large decrease in the phosphorescence lifetime and intensity of the porphyrin in the MOFs upon introduction of the molecular motor pillars confirms efficient triplet-to-triplet energy transfer between the porphyrin linkers and the molecular motor. Near-infrared Raman spectroscopy revealed that the visible light-driven rotation of the molecular motor proceeds in the solid state at rates similar to those observed in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Danowski
- Centre
for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747
AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Fabio Castiglioni
- Department
of Materials Science, University of Milano
Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi 55, 20125 Milan, Italy
| | - Andy S. Sardjan
- Molecular
Inorganic Chemistry Group, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Simon Krause
- Centre
for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747
AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lukas Pfeifer
- Centre
for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747
AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Diederik Roke
- Centre
for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747
AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Angiolina Comotti
- Department
of Materials Science, University of Milano
Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi 55, 20125 Milan, Italy
| | - Wesley R. Browne
- Centre
for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747
AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Molecular
Inorganic Chemistry Group, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ben L. Feringa
- Centre
for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747
AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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22
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Martínez-Edo G, LLinàs MC, Anguera G, Gibert A, Sánchez-García D. Functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles with 2,7,12,17-tetraphenylporphycene. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2020. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424619500986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Mesoporous silica nanoparticles decorated with 2,7,12,17-tetraphenylporphycene have been prepared by reaction of aminated nanoparticles with 9-(glutaric [Formula: see text]-succinimidylesteramide)-2,7,12,17-tetraphenylporphycene. The as-prepared nanoparticles were characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy, DLS and TEM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Martínez-Edo
- Grup d’Enginyeria de Materials (GEMAT), Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, via Augusta 390, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria C. LLinàs
- Grup d’Enginyeria de Materials (GEMAT), Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, via Augusta 390, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Anguera
- Grup d’Enginyeria de Materials (GEMAT), Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, via Augusta 390, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Gibert
- Grup d’Enginyeria Molecular (GEM), Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, via Augusta 390, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Sánchez-García
- Grup d’Enginyeria de Materials (GEMAT), Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, via Augusta 390, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
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23
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Functionalized Dynamic Metal-Organic Frameworks as Smart Switches for Sensing and Adsorption Applications. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2019; 378:5. [PMID: 31823121 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-019-0271-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with flexible structures or dynamic behavior have shown great potential as functional materials in many fields. This paper presents a review of these dynamic and functional MOFs, which can undergo controllable and reversible transformation, with regard to their application as smart switches. Trigger conditions, which include physical/chemical stimuli (e.g., guest molecules, light, temperature, pressure), are also discussed. Research methods for investigating the dynamic processes and mechanisms involving experimental characterization and computational modeling are briefly mentioned as well. The emphasis is on the aspects of the design and functionalization of dynamic MOFs. The pre-design of metal nodes, organic linkers, and topology, as well as post-modification of components, increases the possibility of obtaining functionalized dynamic materials. Recent advances with regard to potential applications for dynamic frameworks as smart switches for adsorption and sensing are also reviewed.
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24
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Bigdeli F, Lollar CT, Morsali A, Zhou H. Schalten in Metall‐organischen Gerüsten. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201900666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fahime Bigdeli
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Sciences Tarbiat Modares University P.O. Box 14155-4838 Teheran Iran
| | | | - Ali Morsali
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Sciences Tarbiat Modares University P.O. Box 14155-4838 Teheran Iran
| | - Hong‐Cai Zhou
- Department of Chemistry Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA
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25
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Bigdeli F, Lollar CT, Morsali A, Zhou H. Switching in Metal–Organic Frameworks. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 59:4652-4669. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201900666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fahime Bigdeli
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Sciences Tarbiat Modares University P.O. Box 14155-4838 Tehran Iran
| | | | - Ali Morsali
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Sciences Tarbiat Modares University P.O. Box 14155-4838 Tehran Iran
| | - Hong‐Cai Zhou
- Department of Chemistry Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA
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26
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Schröder HV, Schalley CA. Electrochemically switchable rotaxanes: recent strides in new directions. Chem Sci 2019; 10:9626-9639. [PMID: 32110308 PMCID: PMC7020790 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc04118d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Are they still electrifying? Electrochemically switchable rotaxanes are well known for their ability to efficiently undergo changes of (co-)conformation and properties under redox-control. Thus, these mechanically interlocked assemblies represent an auspicious liaison between the fields of molecular switches and molecular electronics. Since the first reported example of a redox-switchable molecular shuttle in 1994, improved tools of organic and supramolecular synthesis have enabled sophisticated new architectures, which provide precise control over properties and function. This perspective covers recent advances in the area of electrochemically active rotaxanes including novel molecular switches and machines, metal-containing rotaxanes, non-equilibrium systems and potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik V Schröder
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie , Freie Universität Berlin , Takustr. 3 , 14195 Berlin , Germany .
| | - Christoph A Schalley
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie , Freie Universität Berlin , Takustr. 3 , 14195 Berlin , Germany .
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27
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He J, Cheng S, Xu Z. Sulfur Chemistry for Stable and Electroactive Metal‐Organic Frameworks: The Crosslinking Story. Chemistry 2019; 25:8654-8662. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201806170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun He
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light IndustryGuangdong University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Shengxian Cheng
- Department of ChemistryCity University of Hong Kong 83 Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon, Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Zhengtao Xu
- Department of ChemistryCity University of Hong Kong 83 Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon, Hong Kong P. R. China
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28
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Ferrando-Soria J, Fernandez A, Vitorica-Yrezabal IJ, Asthana D, Muryn CA, Tuna F, Timco GA, Winpenny REP. Formation of an interlocked double-chain from an organic-inorganic [2]rotaxane. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:2960-2963. [PMID: 30778447 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc09339c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Here we show that a structure containing a polymeric interlocking daisy chain is obtained from the reaction of an inorganic-organic [2]rotaxane [HB{CrIII7NiII(μ-F)8(O2CtBu)16}], where B is an organic thread terminated with a bi-pyridyl unit, with an oxo-centered metal carboxylate triangle [FeIII2CoII(μ3-O)(O2CtBu)6(HO2CtBu)3].
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Ferrando-Soria
- School of Chemistry and Photon Science Institute, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
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29
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Yang X, Giorgi M, Karoui H, Gigmes D, Hornebecq V, Ouari O, Kermagoret A, Bardelang D. A single-crystal-to-single-crystal transformation affording photochromic 3D MORF crystals. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:13824-13827. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc07121k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Metal–organic framework (MOF) type crystals in which rigid, viologen-based pillars are surrounded by cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]) macrocycles are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yang
- Aix Marseille Univ
- CNRS
- ICR
- Marseille
- France
| | - Michel Giorgi
- Aix Marseille Univ
- CNRS
- Centrale Marseille
- FSCM
- Marseille
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30
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Rouhani F, Gharib B, Morsali A. Solvent switching smart metal–organic framework as a catalyst of reduction and condensation. Inorg Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qi00714h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The organization of a Zn-based metal–organic framework (MOF) as the first solvent switching catalyst has been achieved via in situ ligand incorporation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Rouhani
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Sciences
- Tarbiat Modares University
- Tehran
- Iran
| | - Behnam Gharib
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Sciences
- Tarbiat Modares University
- Tehran
- Iran
| | - Ali Morsali
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Sciences
- Tarbiat Modares University
- Tehran
- Iran
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31
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Bipyridinium derivative-based coordination polymers: From synthesis to materials applications. Coord Chem Rev 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2017.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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32
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Rosen BA, Hod I. Tunable Molecular-Scale Materials for Catalyzing the Low-Overpotential Electrochemical Conversion of CO 2. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1706238. [PMID: 29693733 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201706238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical CO2 reduction provides a clean and viable alternative for mitigating the environmental aspects of global greenhouse gas emissions. To date, the simultaneous goals of CO2 reduction at high selectivity and activity have yet to be achieved. Here, the importance of engineering both sides of the electrode-electrolyte interface as a rational strategy for achieving this milestone is highlighted. An emphasis is placed on researchers contributing to the design of solid electrodes based on metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and electrolytes based on room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs). Future research geared toward optimizing the electrode-electrolyte interface for efficient and selective CO2 reduction can be achieved by understanding the structure of newly designed RTILs at the electrified interface, as well as structure-activity relationships in highly tunable MOF platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian A Rosen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 69987001, Israel
| | - Idan Hod
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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33
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Schröder HV, Schalley CA. Tetrathiafulvalene - a redox-switchable building block to control motion in mechanically interlocked molecules. Beilstein J Org Chem 2018; 14:2163-2185. [PMID: 30202469 PMCID: PMC6122308 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.14.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
With the rise of artificial molecular machines, control of motion on the nanoscale has become a major contemporary research challenge. Tetrathiafulvalenes (TTFs) are one of the most versatile and widely used molecular redox switches to generate and control molecular motion. TTF can easily be implemented as functional unit into molecular and supramolecular structures and can be reversibly oxidized to a stable radical cation or dication. For over 20 years, TTFs have been key building blocks for the construction of redox-switchable mechanically interlocked molecules (MIMs) and their electrochemical operation has been thoroughly investigated. In this review, we provide an introduction into the field of TTF-based MIMs and their applications. A brief historical overview and a selection of important examples from the past until now are given. Furthermore, we will highlight our latest research on TTF-based rotaxanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik V Schröder
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Organische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph A Schalley
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Organische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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34
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Yu J, Park J, Van Wyk A, Rumbles G, Deria P. Excited-State Electronic Properties in Zr-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks as a Function of a Topological Network. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:10488-10496. [PMID: 30040404 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b04980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Molecular assemblies in metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are reminiscent of natural light-harvesting (LH) systems and considered as emerging materials for energy conversion. Such applications require understanding the correlation between their excited-state properties and underlying topological net. Two chemically identical but topologically different tetraphenylpyrene (1,3,6,8-tetrakis( p-benzoicacid)pyrene; H4TBAPy)-based ZrIV MOFs, NU-901 ( scu) and NU-1000 ( csq), are chosen to computationally and spectroscopically interrogate the impact of topological difference on their excited-state electronic structures. Time-dependent density functional theory-computed transition density matrices for selected model compounds reveal that the optically relevant S1, S2, and S n states are delocalized over more than four TBAPy linkers with a maximum exciton size of ∼1.7 nm (i.e., two neighboring TBAPy linkers). Computational data further suggests the evolution of polar excitons (hole and electron residing in two different linkers); their oscillator strengths vary with the extent of interchromophoric interaction depending on their topological network. Femtosecond transient absorption (fs-TA) spectroscopic data of NU-901 highlight instantaneous spectral evolution of an intense S1 → S n transition at 750 nm, which diminishes with the emergence of a broad (580-1100 nm) induced absorption originating from a fast excimer formation. Although these ultrafast spectroscopic data reveal the first direct spectral observation of fast excimer formation (τ = 2 ps) in MOFs, the fs-TA features seen in NU-901 are clearly absent in NU-1000 and the free H4TBAPy linker. Furthermore, transient and steady-state fluorescence data collected as a function of solvent dielectrics reveal that the emissive states in both MOF samples are electronically nonpolar; however, low-lying polar excited states may get involved in the excited-state decay processes in polar solvents. The present work shows that the topological arrangement of the linkers critically controls the excited-state electronic structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jierui Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Southern Illinois University , 1245 Lincoln Drive , Carbondale , Illinois 62901 , United States
| | - JaeHong Park
- Department of Molecular Engineering , Kyoto University , Katsura, Nishikyo-ku , Kyoto 615-8510 , Japan
| | - Andrea Van Wyk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Southern Illinois University , 1245 Lincoln Drive , Carbondale , Illinois 62901 , United States
| | - Garry Rumbles
- Chemistry and Nanoscience Center , National Renewable Energy Laboratory , Golden , Colorado 80401 , United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute , University of Colorado at Boulder , Boulder , Colorado 80309 , United States
| | - Pravas Deria
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Southern Illinois University , 1245 Lincoln Drive , Carbondale , Illinois 62901 , United States
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35
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36
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Towards Generalized Noise-Level Dependent Crystallographic Symmetry Classifications of More or Less Periodic Crystal Patterns. Symmetry (Basel) 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/sym10050133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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37
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Palmer RH, Liu J, Kung CW, Hod I, Farha OK, Hupp JT. Electroactive Ferrocene at or near the Surface of Metal-Organic Framework UiO-66. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:4707-4714. [PMID: 29652507 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b03846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Here, we describe the installation of a ferrocene derivative on and within the archetypal metal-organic framework (MOF), UiO-66, by solvent-assisted ligand incorporation. Thin films of the resulting material show a redox peak characteristic of the Fc/Fc+ couple, as measured by cyclic voltammetry. Consistent with restriction of redox reactivity solely to Fc molecules sited at or near the external surfaces of MOF crystallites, chronoamperometry measurements indicate that less than 20% of the installed Fc molecules are electrochemically active. Charge-transport diffusion coefficients, DCT, of 6.1 ± 0.8 × 10-11 and 2.6 ± 0.2 × 10-9 cm2/s were determined from potential step measurements, stepping oxidatively and reductively, respectively. The 40-fold difference in DCT values contrasts with the expectation, for simple systems, of identical values for oxidation-driven versus reduction-driven charge transport. The findings have implications for the design of MOFs suitable for delivery of redox equivalents to framework-immobilized electrocatalysts and/or delivery of charges from a chromophoric MOF film to an underlying electrode, processes that may be central to MOF-facilitated conversion of solar energy to chemical or electrical energy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Idan Hod
- Department of Chemistry , Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer-Sheva 8410501 , Israel
| | - Omar K Farha
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah 21589 , Saudi Arabia
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38
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Van Wyk A, Smith T, Park J, Deria P. Charge-Transfer within Zr-Based Metal–Organic Framework: The Role of Polar Node. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:2756-2760. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b13211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Van Wyk
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, 1245 Lincoln Drive, Carbondale, Illinois 62901, United States
| | - Tanner Smith
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, 1245 Lincoln Drive, Carbondale, Illinois 62901, United States
| | - Jaehong Park
- Department
of Molecular Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Pravas Deria
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, 1245 Lincoln Drive, Carbondale, Illinois 62901, United States
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39
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Yang NN, Fang JJ, Sui Q, Gao EQ. Incorporating Electron-Deficient Bipyridinium Chromorphores to Make Multiresponsive Metal-organic Frameworks. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:2735-2744. [PMID: 29286627 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b17381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are versatile platforms to design switchable and sensory materials responsive to external stimulus. Copuling the electron-deficient bipyridinium chromorphore with the pore structures of MOFs is a nice strategy to design multiresponsive MOFs. Here we present a proof-of-concept study. Postsynthetic N,N'-cycloalkylation of UiO-67-bpy (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridyl) leads to a novel ionic MOF (UiO-67-DQ) functionalized by the electron-deficient diquat (DQ) chromophore. The combination of porosity, cationic character and electron deficiency imparts UiO-67-DQ with versatile responsive properties. It readily undergoes anion exchange, with selective ionochromism associated with charge-transfer (CT) complexation; it is electrochemically active and shows anion-dependent photochromism associated with radical formation through electron transfer (ET); the iono- and photochromism cause efficient luminescence quenching because of energy transfer (EnT) to CT complexes or radicals. The properties of UiO-67-MQ (MQ = N,N'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridylium) are also presented for comparison. The CT and ET effects and consequently the EnT efficiency in UiO-67-MQ are weaker than those in UiO-67-DQ because the electron-deficient character is weakened by the severe interannular twist in MQ2+. On the basis of the rich responsive properties, the MOFs are used as sensory and switching materials for facile discrimination of a range of anions, for quantitative detection of I-, and for mimicking of logic operations ranging from simple logic gates to complex integrated logic circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning-Ning Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University , Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Jia Fang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University , Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Qi Sui
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University , Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - En-Qing Gao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University , Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
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Liu Y, O'Keeffe M, Treacy MMJ, Yaghi OM. The geometry of periodic knots, polycatenanes and weaving from a chemical perspective: a library for reticular chemistry. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:4642-4664. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00695k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The geometry of the most regular polycatenanes and weavings, as an extended family of discrete knots and catenanes, is described in terms of sticks and corners in their optimal embeddings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhong Liu
- Department of Chemistry
- University of California-Berkeley
- Materials Sciences Division
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Kavli Energy NanoSciences Institute
| | | | | | - Omar M. Yaghi
- Department of Chemistry
- University of California-Berkeley
- Materials Sciences Division
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Kavli Energy NanoSciences Institute
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Sui Q, Yang NN, Gong T, Li P, Yuan Y, Gao EQ, Wang L. Impact of Lattice Water on Solid-State Electron Transfer in Viologen Pseudopolymorphs: Modulation of Photo- and Piezochromism. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:5450-5455. [PMID: 29058901 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b02452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Stimuli-induced solid-state electron transfer (ET) underlies the use of viologen compounds as responsive materials, but unequivocal structure-property correlations for solid-state ET are still lacking. With different pseudopolymorphic solids derived from N,N'-bis(4-carboxylphenyl)viologen ([H2bcpV]2+), here we report a systematic study on photo- and piezochromic properties associated with ET. We show that the higher the water content in the lattice, the less sensitively the compounds respond to light and pressure. It is proposed that the lattice water does not act as an electron donor but serves to change the ET energetics through its unique polarity and hydrogen bonding capability. The impedimental impact of water on solid-state ET of viologen compounds has not yet been recognized and elucidated prior to this work. The study also suggests that pressure is more powerful than light in inducing ET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Sui
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University , Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning-Ning Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University , Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China
| | - Teng Gong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University , Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University , Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Yuan
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research , Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - En-Qing Gao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University , Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Wang
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research , Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
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Wang Y, Frasconi M, Stoddart JF. Introducing Stable Radicals into Molecular Machines. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2017; 3:927-935. [PMID: 28979933 PMCID: PMC5620985 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.7b00219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Ever since their discovery, stable organic radicals have received considerable attention from chemists because of their unique optical, electronic, and magnetic properties. Currently, one of the most appealing challenges for the chemical community is to develop sophisticated artificial molecular machines that can do work by consuming external energy, after the manner of motor proteins. In this context, radical-pairing interactions are important in addressing the challenge: they not only provide supramolecular assistance in the synthesis of molecular machines but also open the door to developing multifunctional systems relying on the various properties of the radical species. In this Outlook, by taking the radical cationic state of 1,1'-dialkyl-4,4'-bipyridinium (BIPY•+) as an example, we highlight our research on the art and science of introducing radical-pairing interactions into functional systems, from prototypical molecular switches to complex molecular machines, followed by a discussion of the (i) limitations of the current systems and (ii) future research directions for designing BIPY•+-based molecular machines with useful functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Marco Frasconi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, Padova 35131, Italy
| | - J. Fraser Stoddart
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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Gui B, Meng Y, Xie Y, Du K, Sue ACH, Wang C. Immobilizing Organic-Based Molecular Switches into Metal-Organic Frameworks: A Promising Strategy for Switching in Solid State. Macromol Rapid Commun 2017; 39. [PMID: 28910508 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201700388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Organic-based molecular switches (OMS) are essential components for the ultimate miniaturization of nanoscale electronics and devices. For practical applications, it is often necessary for OMS to be incorporated into functional solid-state materials. However, the switching characteristics of OMS in solution are usually not transferrable to the solid state, presumably because of spatial confinement or inefficient conversion in densely packed solid phase. A promising way to circumvent this issue is harboring the functional OMS within the robust and porous environment of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as their organic components. In this feature article, recent research progress of OMS-based MOFs is briefly summarized. The switching behaviors of OMS under different stimuli (e.g., light, redox, pH, etc.) in the MOF state are first introduced. After that, the technological applications of these OMS-based MOFs in different areas, including CO2 adsorption, gas separation, drug delivery, photodynamic therapy, and sensing, are outlined. Finally, perspectives and future challenges are discussed in the conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Gui
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yi Meng
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Ke Du
- Institute for Molecular Design and Synthesis, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Health Science Platform, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Andrew C-H Sue
- Institute for Molecular Design and Synthesis, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Health Science Platform, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
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Fukino T, Yamagishi H, Aida T. Redox-Responsive Molecular Systems and Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1603888. [PMID: 27990693 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201603888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Redox reactions can alter the electronic, optical, and magnetic properties of molecules and their ensembles by adding or removing electrons. Here, the developments made over the past 10 years using molecular events are discussed, such as assembly/disassembly, transformation of ensembles, geometric changes, and molecular motions that are designed to be redox-responsive. Considerable progress has occurred in the application of these events to the realization of electronic memory, color displays, actuators, adhesives, and drug delivery. In these cases, systems behave in either a highly or a poorly correlated manner depending on the number of redox-active units involved, based on the method of integration. One of the great advantages of redox-responsive devices and materials is that they have the potential to be readily integrated into existing electronic technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Fukino
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamagishi
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Takuzo Aida
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
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Ge YC, Mei L, Xie ZN, Hu KQ, Xia CQ, Wang XL, Chai ZF, Shi WQ. Supramolecular Isomers of Coordination-Directed Side-Chain Polypseudorotaxanes Based on Trimeric Uranyl Oxalate Nodes. Chemistry 2017; 23:8380-8384. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201701706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yun-chen Ge
- College of Chemistry; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610064 P.R. China
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 P.R. China
| | - Lei Mei
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 P.R. China
| | - Zhen-ni Xie
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 P.R. China
| | - Kong-qiu Hu
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 P.R. China
| | - Chuan-qin Xia
- College of Chemistry; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610064 P.R. China
| | - Xiao-lin Wang
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry; China Academy of Engineering Physics; Mianyang Sichuan 621900 P.R. China
| | - Zhi-fang Chai
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 P.R. China
- School of Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions; Soochow University; Suzhou 215123 P.R. China
| | - Wei-qun Shi
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 P.R. China
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Nguyen MT, Krzyaniak MD, Owczarek M, Ferris DP, Wasielewski MR, Stoddart JF. A Boat‐Shaped Tetracationic Macrocycle with a Semiconducting Organic Framework. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201702019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Minh T. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Matthew D. Krzyaniak
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Magdalena Owczarek
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Daniel P. Ferris
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Michael R. Wasielewski
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - J. Fraser Stoddart
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
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48
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Nguyen MT, Krzyaniak MD, Owczarek M, Ferris DP, Wasielewski MR, Stoddart JF. A Boat‐Shaped Tetracationic Macrocycle with a Semiconducting Organic Framework. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:5795-5800. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201702019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Minh T. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Matthew D. Krzyaniak
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Magdalena Owczarek
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Daniel P. Ferris
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Michael R. Wasielewski
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - J. Fraser Stoddart
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
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Deria P, Yu J, Smith T, Balaraman RP. Ground-State versus Excited-State Interchromophoric Interaction: Topology Dependent Excimer Contribution in Metal–Organic Framework Photophysics. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:5973-5983. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b02188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pravas Deria
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, 1245 Lincoln Drive, Carbondale, Illinois 62901, United States
| | - Jierui Yu
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, 1245 Lincoln Drive, Carbondale, Illinois 62901, United States
| | - Tanner Smith
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, 1245 Lincoln Drive, Carbondale, Illinois 62901, United States
| | - Rajesh P. Balaraman
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, 1245 Lincoln Drive, Carbondale, Illinois 62901, United States
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50
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Islamoglu T, Goswami S, Li Z, Howarth AJ, Farha OK, Hupp JT. Postsynthetic Tuning of Metal-Organic Frameworks for Targeted Applications. Acc Chem Res 2017; 50:805-813. [PMID: 28177217 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.6b00577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 440] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are periodic, hybrid, atomically well-defined porous materials that typically form by self-assembly and consist of inorganic nodes (metal ions or clusters) and multitopic organic linkers. MOFs as a whole offer many intriguing properties, including ultrahigh porosity, tunable chemical functionality, and low density. These properties point to numerous potential applications, including gas storage, chemical separations, catalysis, light harvesting, and chemical sensing, to name a few. Reticular chemistry, or the linking of molecular building blocks into predetermined network structures, has been employed to synthesize thousands of MOFs. Given the vast library of candidate nodes and linkers, the number of potentially synthetically accessible MOFs is enormous. Nevertheless, a powerful complementary approach to obtain specific structures with desired chemical functionality is to modify known MOFs after synthesis. This approach is particularly useful when incorporation of particular chemical functionalities via direct synthesis is challenging or impossible. The challenges may stem from limited stability or solubility of precursors, unwanted secondary reactivity of precursors, or incompatibility of functional groups with the conditions needed for direct synthesis. MOFs can be postsynthetically modified by replacing the metal nodes and/or organic linkers or via functionalization of the metal nodes and/or organic linkers. Here we describe some of our efforts toward the development and application of postsynthetic strategies for imparting desired chemical functionalities in MOFs of known topology. The techniques include methods for functionalizing MOF nodes, i.e., solvent-assisted ligand incorporation (SALI) and atomic layer deposition in MOFs (AIM) as well as a method to replace structural linkers, termed solvent-assisted linker exchange (SALE), also known as postsynthethic exchange (PSE). For each functionalization strategy, we first describe its chemical basis along with the requirements for its successful implementation. We then present a small number of examples, with an emphasis on those that (a) convey the underlying concepts and/or (b) lead to functional structures (e.g., catalysts) that would be difficult or impossible to access via direct routes. The examples, however, are only illustrative, and a significant body of work exists from both our lab and others, especially for the SALE/PSE strategy. We refer readers to the papers cited and to the references therein. More exciting, in our view, will be new examples and new applications of the functionalization strategies-especially applications made possible by creatively combining the strategies. Underexplored (again, in our view) are implementations that impart electrical conductivity, enable increasingly selective chemical sensing, or facilitate cascade catalysis. It will be interesting to see where these strategies and others take this compelling field over the next few years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timur Islamoglu
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Subhadip Goswami
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Zhanyong Li
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Ashlee J. Howarth
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Omar K. Farha
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Joseph T. Hupp
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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