1
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Altered CXCR4 dynamics at the cell membrane impairs directed cell migration in WHIM syndrome patients. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2119483119. [PMID: 35588454 PMCID: PMC9173760 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2119483119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
SignificanceNew imaging-based approaches are incorporating new concepts to our knowledge of biological processes. The analysis of receptor dynamics involved in cell movement using single-particle tracking demonstrates that cells require chemokine-mediated receptor clustering to sense appropriately chemoattractant gradients. Here, we report that this process does not occur in T cells expressing CXCR4R334X, a mutant form of CXCR4 linked to WHIM syndrome (warts, hypogammaglobulinemia, infections, myelokathexis). The underlaying molecular mechanism involves inappropriate actin cytoskeleton remodeling due to the inadequate β-arrestin1 activation by CXCR4R334X, which alters its lateral mobility and spatial organization. These defects, associated to CXCR4R334X expression, contribute to the retention of hematopoietic precursors in bone marrow niches and explain the severe immunological symptoms associated with WHIM syndrome.
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2
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McNerney KO, Karageorgos SA, Hogarty MD, Bassiri H. Enhancing Neuroblastoma Immunotherapies by Engaging iNKT and NK Cells. Front Immunol 2020; 11:873. [PMID: 32457760 PMCID: PMC7225357 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extracranial solid tumor in children and, in the high-risk group, has a 5-year mortality rate of ~50%. The high mortality rate and significant treatment-related morbidities associated with current standard of care therapies belie the critical need for more tolerable and effective treatments for this disease. While the monoclonal antibody dinutuximab has demonstrated the potential for immunotherapy to improve overall NB outcomes, the 5-year overall survival of high-risk patients has not yet substantially changed. The frequency and type of invariant natural killer T cells (iNKTs) and natural killer cells (NKs) has been associated with improved outcomes in several solid and liquid malignancies, including NB. Indeed, iNKTs and NKs inhibit tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) and myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), kill cancer stem cells (CSCs) and neuroblasts, and robustly secrete cytokines to recruit additional immune effectors. These capabilities, and promising pre-clinical and early clinical data suggest that iNKT- and NK-based therapies may hold promise as both stand-alone and combination treatments for NB. In this review we will summarize the biologic features of iNKTs and NKs that confer advantages for NB immunotherapy, discuss the barriers imposed by the NB tumor microenvironment, and examine the current state of such therapies in pre-clinical models and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin O McNerney
- Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Spyridon A Karageorgos
- School of Medicine, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Michael D Hogarty
- Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Hamid Bassiri
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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3
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Stanly TA, Fritzsche M, Banerji S, Shrestha D, Schneider F, Eggeling C, Jackson DG. The cortical actin network regulates avidity-dependent binding of hyaluronan by the lymphatic vessel endothelial receptor LYVE-1. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:5036-5050. [PMID: 32034091 PMCID: PMC7152780 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.011992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor 1 (LYVE-1) mediates the docking and entry of dendritic cells to lymphatic vessels through selective adhesion to its ligand hyaluronan in the leukocyte surface glycocalyx. To bind hyaluronan efficiently, LYVE-1 must undergo surface clustering, a process that is induced efficiently by the large cross-linked assemblages of glycosaminoglycan present within leukocyte pericellular matrices but is induced poorly by the shorter polymer alone. These properties suggested that LYVE-1 may have limited mobility in the endothelial plasma membrane, but no biophysical investigation of these parameters has been carried out to date. Here, using super-resolution fluorescence microscopy and spectroscopy combined with biochemical analyses of the receptor in primary lymphatic endothelial cells, we provide the first evidence that LYVE-1 dynamics are indeed restricted by the submembranous actin network. We show that actin disruption not only increases LYVE-1 lateral diffusion but also enhances hyaluronan-binding activity. However, unlike the related leukocyte HA receptor CD44, which uses ERM and ankyrin motifs within its cytoplasmic tail to bind actin, LYVE-1 displays little if any direct interaction with actin, as determined by co-immunoprecipitation. Instead, as shown by super-resolution stimulated emission depletion microscopy in combination with fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, LYVE-1 diffusion is restricted by transient entrapment within submembranous actin corrals. These results point to an actin-mediated constraint on LYVE-1 clustering in lymphatic endothelium that tunes the receptor for selective engagement with hyaluronan assemblages in the glycocalyx that are large enough to cross-bridge the corral-bound LYVE-1 molecules and thereby facilitate leukocyte adhesion and transmigration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tess A Stanly
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom.,York Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Fritzsche
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom.,Kennedy Institute for Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, United Kingdom
| | - Suneale Banerji
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
| | - Dilip Shrestha
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
| | - Falk Schneider
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Eggeling
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom .,Wolfson Imaging Centre, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom.,Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology e.V., Albert-Einstein-Strasse 9, 07745 Jena, Germany.,Institute of Applied Optics and Biophysics, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Max-Wien Platz 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - David G Jackson
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
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4
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Bedard M, Shrestha D, Priestman DA, Wang Y, Schneider F, Matute JD, Iyer SS, Gileadi U, Prota G, Kandasamy M, Veerapen N, Besra G, Fritzsche M, Zeissig S, Shevchenko A, Christianson JC, Platt FM, Eggeling C, Blumberg RS, Salio M, Cerundolo V. Sterile activation of invariant natural killer T cells by ER-stressed antigen-presenting cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:23671-23681. [PMID: 31690657 PMCID: PMC6876220 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1910097116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Invariant NKT (iNKT) cells have the unique ability to shape immunity during antitumor immune responses and other forms of sterile and nonsterile inflammation. Recent studies have highlighted a variety of classes of endogenous and pathogen-derived lipid antigens that can trigger iNKT cell activation under sterile and nonsterile conditions. However, the context and mechanisms that drive the presentation of self-lipid antigens in sterile inflammation remain unclear. Here we report that endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-stressed myeloid cells, via signaling events modulated by the protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase (PERK) pathway, increase CD1d-mediated presentation of immunogenic endogenous lipid species, which results in enhanced iNKT cell activation both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, we demonstrate that actin cytoskeletal reorganization during ER stress results in an altered distribution of CD1d on the cell surface, which contributes to enhanced iNKT cell activation. These results define a previously unidentified mechanism that controls iNKT cell activation during sterile inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Bedard
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 9DS Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Dilip Shrestha
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 9DS Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - David A Priestman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, OX1 3QT Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Yuting Wang
- Center for Regenerative Therapies, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Falk Schneider
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 9DS Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Juan D Matute
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Shankar S Iyer
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Uzi Gileadi
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 9DS Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Gennaro Prota
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 9DS Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Matheswaran Kandasamy
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 9DS Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Natacha Veerapen
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT Egdbaston, United Kingdom
| | - Gurdyal Besra
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT Egdbaston, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Fritzsche
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 9DS Oxford, United Kingdom
- Kennedy Institute for Rheumatology, University of Oxford, OX3 7LF Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastian Zeissig
- Center for Regenerative Therapies, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Department of Medicine I, University Medical Center Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Andrej Shevchenko
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - John C Christianson
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Science, University of Oxford, OX3 7LD Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Frances M Platt
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, OX1 3QT Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Eggeling
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 9DS Oxford, United Kingdom
- Institute of Applied Optics and Biophysics, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Department of Biophysical Imaging, Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technologies e.V., 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Richard S Blumberg
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Mariolina Salio
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 9DS Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Vincenzo Cerundolo
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 9DS Oxford, United Kingdom;
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5
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Verbeke R, Lentacker I, Breckpot K, Janssens J, Van Calenbergh S, De Smedt SC, Dewitte H. Broadening the Message: A Nanovaccine Co-loaded with Messenger RNA and α-GalCer Induces Antitumor Immunity through Conventional and Natural Killer T Cells. ACS NANO 2019; 13:1655-1669. [PMID: 30742405 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b07660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Messenger RNA encoding tumor antigens has the potential to evoke effective antitumor immunity. This study reports on a nanoparticle platform, named mRNA Galsomes, that successfully co-delivers nucleoside-modified antigen-encoding mRNA and the glycolipid antigen and immunopotentiator α-galactosylceramide (α-GC) to antigen-presenting cells after intravenous administration. By co-formulating low doses of α-GC, mRNA Galsomes induce a pluripotent innate and adaptive tumor-specific immune response in mice, with invariant natural killer T cells (iNKT) as a driving force. In comparison, mRNA Galsomes exhibit advantages over the state-of-the-art cancer vaccines using unmodified ovalbumin (OVA)-encoding mRNA, as we observed up to seven times more tumor-infiltrating antigen-specific cytotoxic T cells, combined with a strong iNKT cell and NK cell activation. In addition, the presence of suppressive myeloid cells (myeloid-derived suppressor cells and tumor-associated macrophages) in the tumor microenvironment was significantly lowered. Owing to these antitumor effects, OVA mRNA Galsomes significantly reduced tumor growth in established E.G7-OVA lymphoma, with a complete tumor rejection in 40% of the animals. Moreover, therapeutic vaccination with mRNA Galsomes enhanced the responsiveness to treatment with a PD-L1 checkpoint inhibitor in B16-OVA melanoma, as evidenced by a synergistic reduction of tumor outgrowth and a significantly prolonged median survival. Taken together, these data show that intravenously administered mRNA Galsomes can provide controllable, multifaceted, and effective antitumor immunity, especially when combined with checkpoint inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rein Verbeke
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Faculty of Pharmacy , Ghent University , Ghent 9000 , Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent University Hospital , Ghent University , Ghent 9000 , Belgium
| | - Ine Lentacker
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Faculty of Pharmacy , Ghent University , Ghent 9000 , Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent University Hospital , Ghent University , Ghent 9000 , Belgium
| | - Karine Breckpot
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences , Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB) , Jette 1090 , Belgium
| | - Jonas Janssens
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Ghent University , Ghent 9000 , Belgium
| | - Serge Van Calenbergh
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Ghent University , Ghent 9000 , Belgium
| | - Stefaan C De Smedt
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Faculty of Pharmacy , Ghent University , Ghent 9000 , Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent University Hospital , Ghent University , Ghent 9000 , Belgium
| | - Heleen Dewitte
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Faculty of Pharmacy , Ghent University , Ghent 9000 , Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent University Hospital , Ghent University , Ghent 9000 , Belgium
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences , Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB) , Jette 1090 , Belgium
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6
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Martínez-Muñoz L, Rodríguez-Frade JM, Barroso R, Sorzano CÓS, Torreño-Pina JA, Santiago CA, Manzo C, Lucas P, García-Cuesta EM, Gutierrez E, Barrio L, Vargas J, Cascio G, Carrasco YR, Sánchez-Madrid F, García-Parajo MF, Mellado M. Separating Actin-Dependent Chemokine Receptor Nanoclustering from Dimerization Indicates a Role for Clustering in CXCR4 Signaling and Function. Mol Cell 2019; 70:106-119.e10. [PMID: 29625032 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2018.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A current challenge in cell motility studies is to understand the molecular and physical mechanisms that govern chemokine receptor nanoscale organization at the cell membrane, and their influence on cell response. Using single-particle tracking and super-resolution microscopy, we found that the chemokine receptor CXCR4 forms basal nanoclusters in resting T cells, whose extent, dynamics, and signaling strength are modulated by the orchestrated action of the actin cytoskeleton, the co-receptor CD4, and its ligand CXCL12. We identified three CXCR4 structural residues that are crucial for nanoclustering and generated an oligomerization-defective mutant that dimerized but did not form nanoclusters in response to CXCL12, which severely impaired signaling. Overall, our data provide new insights to the field of chemokine biology by showing that receptor dimerization in the absence of nanoclustering is unable to fully support CXCL12-mediated responses, including signaling and cell function in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Martínez-Muñoz
- Chemokine Signaling Group, Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain; Department of Cell Signaling, Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa (CSIC), 41092 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - José Miguel Rodríguez-Frade
- Chemokine Signaling Group, Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rubén Barroso
- Chemokine Signaling Group, Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Óscar S Sorzano
- Biocomputing Unit, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan A Torreño-Pina
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Barcelona, Spain
| | - César A Santiago
- X-ray Crystallography Unit, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlo Manzo
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat de Vic, Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVic-UCC), 08500 Vic, Spain
| | - Pilar Lucas
- Chemokine Signaling Group, Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva M García-Cuesta
- Chemokine Signaling Group, Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Enric Gutierrez
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Barrio
- B Cell Dynamics Group, Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Vargas
- Biocomputing Unit, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Graciela Cascio
- Chemokine Signaling Group, Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Yolanda R Carrasco
- B Cell Dynamics Group, Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - María F García-Parajo
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Barcelona, Spain; ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mario Mellado
- Chemokine Signaling Group, Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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7
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Li C, Song B, Santos PM, Butterfield LH. Hepatocellular cancer-derived alpha fetoprotein uptake reduces CD1 molecules on monocyte-derived dendritic cells. Cell Immunol 2018; 335:59-67. [PMID: 30392891 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Alpha fetoprotein (AFP) is produced by over 50% of hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC). Uptake of tumor-derived AFP (tAFP) can impair activity of human dendritic cells (DC). The expression pattern of the lipid antigen presenting genes from the CD1 family is reduced in AFP-treated monocyte-derived DC. Surface CD1 family proteins, particularly CD1d, were reduced in AFP-exposed DC (by both normal cord blood-derived AFP (nAFP) and tAFP). NKT cells recognize lipid antigens presented by CD1d molecules. They play an important role in connecting the innate and adaptive immune systems, and in anti-tumor immunity. We hypothesized that AFP might impair the ability of DC to stimulate natural killer T (NKT) cells. No significant impact of AFP was observed on NKT cell stimulation. By examining secreted cytokines, we observed non-significant AFP-induced changes in several secreted proteins. These data indicate that AFP downregulates CD1 molecules on DC, but the impact on NKT cell activations is minimal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlei Li
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Baobao Song
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Patricia M Santos
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Lisa H Butterfield
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Clinical and Translational Science, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
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8
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Mrp1 is involved in lipid presentation and iNKT cell activation by Streptococcus pneumoniae. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4279. [PMID: 30323255 PMCID: PMC6189046 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06646-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T cells (iNKT cells) are activated by lipid antigens presented by CD1d, but the pathway leading to lipid antigen presentation remains incompletely characterized. Here we show a whole-genome siRNA screen to elucidate the CD1d presentation pathway. A majority of gene knockdowns that diminish antigen presentation reduced formation of glycolipid-CD1d complexes on the cell surface, including members of the HOPS and ESCRT complexes, genes affecting cytoskeletal rearrangement, and ABC family transporters. We validated the role in vivo for the multidrug resistance protein 1 (Mrp1) in CD1d antigen presentation. Mrp1 deficiency reduces surface clustering of CD1d, which decreased iNKT cell activation. Infected Mrp1 knockout mice show decreased iNKT cell responses to antigens from Streptococcus pneumoniae and were associated with increased mortality. Our results highlight the unique cellular events involved in lipid antigen presentation and show how modification of this pathway can lead to lethal infection. The CD1d pathway present lipid antigens resulting in the activation of iNKT cells but the complete pathway remains to be fully elucidated. Here, Chandra et al. use an siRNA screen and identify Mrp1 as crucial for CD1d lipid presentation and activation of iNKT in the context of Streptococcus pneumoniae infection.
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9
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Lucena D, Mauri M, Schmidt F, Eckhardt B, Graumann PL. Microdomain formation is a general property of bacterial membrane proteins and induces heterogeneity of diffusion patterns. BMC Biol 2018; 16:97. [PMID: 30173665 PMCID: PMC6120080 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-018-0561-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Proteins within the cytoplasmic membrane display distinct localization patterns and arrangements. While multiple models exist describing the dynamics of membrane proteins, to date, there have been few systematic studies, particularly in bacteria, to evaluate how protein size, number of transmembrane domains, and temperature affect their diffusion, and if conserved localization patterns exist. Results We have used fluorescence microscopy, single-molecule tracking (SMT), and computer-aided visualization methods to obtain a better understanding of the three-dimensional organization of bacterial membrane proteins, using the model bacterium Bacillus subtilis. First, we carried out a systematic study of the localization of over 200 B. subtilis membrane proteins, tagged with monomeric mVenus-YFP at their original gene locus. Their subcellular localization could be discriminated in polar, septal, patchy, and punctate patterns. Almost 20% of membrane proteins specifically localized to the cell poles, and a vast majority of all proteins localized in distinct structures, which we term microdomains. Dynamics were analyzed for selected membrane proteins, using SMT. Diffusion coefficients of the analyzed transmembrane proteins did not correlate with protein molecular weight, but correlated inversely with the number of transmembrane helices, i.e., transmembrane radius. We observed that temperature can strongly influence diffusion on the membrane, in that upon growth temperature upshift, diffusion coefficients of membrane proteins increased and still correlated inversely to the number of transmembrane domains, following the Saffman–Delbrück relation. Conclusions The vast majority of membrane proteins localized to distinct multimeric assemblies. Diffusion of membrane proteins can be suitably described by discriminating diffusion coefficients into two protein populations, one mobile and one immobile, the latter likely constituting microdomains. Our results show there is high heterogeneity and yet structural order in the cell membrane, and provide a roadmap for our understanding of membrane organization in prokaryotes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12915-018-0561-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniella Lucena
- SYNMIKRO, LOEWE Center for Synthetic Microbiology, Marburg, Germany.,Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Marco Mauri
- SYNMIKRO, LOEWE Center for Synthetic Microbiology, Marburg, Germany.,INRIA Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes, Montbonnot, France
| | - Felix Schmidt
- SYNMIKRO, LOEWE Center for Synthetic Microbiology, Marburg, Germany.,Fachbereich Physik, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Bruno Eckhardt
- SYNMIKRO, LOEWE Center for Synthetic Microbiology, Marburg, Germany.,Fachbereich Physik, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Peter L Graumann
- SYNMIKRO, LOEWE Center for Synthetic Microbiology, Marburg, Germany. .,Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
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10
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Ververs FA, Kalkhoven E, Van't Land B, Boes M, Schipper HS. Immunometabolic Activation of Invariant Natural Killer T Cells. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1192. [PMID: 29892305 PMCID: PMC5985373 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are lipid-reactive T cells with profound immunomodulatory potential. They are unique in their restriction to lipid antigens presented in CD1d molecules, which underlies their role in lipid-driven disorders such as obesity and atherosclerosis. In this review, we discuss the contribution of iNKT cell activation to immunometabolic disease, metabolic programming of lipid antigen presentation, and immunometabolic activation of iNKT cells. First, we outline the role of iNKT cells in immunometabolic disease. Second, we discuss the effects of cellular metabolism on lipid antigen processing and presentation to iNKT cells. The synthesis and processing of glycolipids and other potential endogenous lipid antigens depends on metabolic demand and may steer iNKT cells toward adopting a Th1 or Th2 signature. Third, external signals such as toll-like receptor ligands, adipokines, and cytokines modulate antigen presentation and subsequent iNKT cell responses. Finally, we will discuss the relevance of metabolic programming of iNKT cells in human disease, focusing on their role in disorders such as obesity and atherosclerosis. The critical response to metabolic changes places iNKT cells at the helm of immunometabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca A Ververs
- Laboratory for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Eric Kalkhoven
- Department of Molecular Cancer Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Belinda Van't Land
- Department of Immunology, Nutricia Research, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Pediatric Immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Marianne Boes
- Laboratory for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Pediatric Immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Henk S Schipper
- Laboratory for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
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11
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Compartmentalization of the plasma membrane. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2018; 53:15-21. [PMID: 29656224 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The compartmentalization of the plasma membrane is essential for cells to perform specialized biochemical functions, in particular those responsible for intracellular and intercellular signaling pathways. Study of membrane compartmentalization requires state-of-the-art imaging tools that can reveal dynamics of individual molecules with high spatial and temporal resolution. In addition, quantitative analyses are employed to identify transient changes in molecule dynamics. In this review, membrane compartments are classified as stable domains, transient compartments, or nanodomains where proteins aggregate. Interestingly, in most cases, the cortical cytoskeleton plays important roles. Recent studies of the membrane-cytoskeleton interface are providing new insights about membrane organization involving a scale-free self-similar fractal structure and cytoskeleton active processes coupled to membrane dynamics.
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12
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Schönrich G, Raftery MJ. CD1-Restricted T Cells During Persistent Virus Infections: "Sympathy for the Devil". Front Immunol 2018; 9:545. [PMID: 29616036 PMCID: PMC5868415 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Some of the clinically most important viruses persist in the human host after acute infection. In this situation, the host immune system and the viral pathogen attempt to establish an equilibrium. At best, overt disease is avoided. This attempt may fail, however, resulting in eventual loss of viral control or inadequate immune regulation. Consequently, direct virus-induced tissue damage or immunopathology may occur. The cluster of differentiation 1 (CD1) family of non-classical major histocompatibility complex class I molecules are known to present hydrophobic, primarily lipid antigens. There is ample evidence that both CD1-dependent and CD1-independent mechanisms activate CD1-restricted T cells during persistent virus infections. Sophisticated viral mechanisms subvert these immune responses and help the pathogens to avoid clearance from the host organism. CD1-restricted T cells are not only crucial for the antiviral host defense but may also contribute to tissue damage. This review highlights the two edged role of CD1-restricted T cells in persistent virus infections and summarizes the viral immune evasion mechanisms that target these fascinating immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Günther Schönrich
- Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin J Raftery
- Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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13
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Staaf E, Hedde PN, Bagawath Singh S, Piguet J, Gratton E, Johansson S. Educated natural killer cells show dynamic movement of the activating receptor NKp46 and confinement of the inhibitory receptor Ly49A. Sci Signal 2018; 11:11/517/eaai9200. [PMID: 29440510 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aai9200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Educated natural killer (NK) cells have inhibitory receptors specific for self major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules and kill cancer cells more efficiently than do NK cells that do not have such receptors (hyporesponsive NK cells). The mechanism behind this functional empowerment through education has so far not been fully described. In addition, distinctive phenotypic markers of educated NK cells at the single-cell level are lacking. We developed a refined version of the image mean square displacement (iMSD) method (called iMSD carpet analysis) and used it in combination with single-particle tracking to characterize the dynamics of the activating receptor NKp46 and the inhibitory receptor Ly49A on resting educated versus hyporesponsive murine NK cells. Most of the NKp46 and Ly49A molecules were restricted to microdomains; however, individual NKp46 molecules resided in these domains for shorter periods and diffused faster on the surface of educated, compared to hyporesponsive, NK cells. In contrast, the movement of Ly49A was more constrained in educated NK cells compared to hyporesponsive NK cells. Either disrupting the actin cytoskeleton or adding cholesterol to the cells prohibited activating signaling, suggesting that the dynamics of receptor movements within the cell membrane are critical for the proper activation of NK cells. The faster and more dynamic movement of NKp46 in educated NK cells may facilitate a swifter response to interactions with target cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Staaf
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Niklas Hedde
- Laboratory for Fluorescence Dynamics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-2715, USA
| | - Sunitha Bagawath Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joachim Piguet
- Experimental Biomolecular Physics, Department of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Enrico Gratton
- Laboratory for Fluorescence Dynamics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-2715, USA
| | - Sofia Johansson
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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14
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Bedard M, Salio M, Cerundolo V. Harnessing the Power of Invariant Natural Killer T Cells in Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1829. [PMID: 29326711 PMCID: PMC5741693 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are a distinct subset of innate-like lymphocytes bearing an invariant T-cell receptor, through which they recognize lipid antigens presented by monomorphic CD1d molecules. Upon activation, iNKT cells are capable of not only having a direct effector function but also transactivating NK cells, maturing dendritic cells, and activating B cells, through secretion of several cytokines and cognate TCR-CD1d interaction. Endowed with the ability to orchestrate an all-encompassing immune response, iNKT cells are critical in shaping immune responses against pathogens and cancer cells. In this review, we examine the critical role of iNKT cells in antitumor responses from two perspectives: (i) how iNKT cells potentiate antitumor immunity and (ii) how CD1d+ tumor cells may modulate their own expression of CD1d molecules. We further explore hypotheses to explain iNKT cell activation in the context of cancer and how the antitumor effects of iNKT cells can be exploited in different forms of cancer immunotherapy, including their role in the development of cancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Bedard
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mariolina Salio
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Vincenzo Cerundolo
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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15
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van Eijkeren RJ, Krabbe O, Boes M, Schipper HS, Kalkhoven E. Endogenous lipid antigens for invariant natural killer T cells hold the reins in adipose tissue homeostasis. Immunology 2017; 153:179-189. [PMID: 28898395 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The global obesity epidemic and its associated co-morbidities, including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and certain types of cancers, have drawn attention to the pivotal role of adipocytes in health and disease. Besides their 'classical' function in energy storage and release, adipocytes interact with adipose-tissue-resident immune cells, among which are lipid-responsive invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells. The iNKT cells are activated by lipid antigens presented by antigen-presenting cells as CD1d/lipid complexes. Upon activation, iNKT cells can rapidly secrete soluble mediators that either promote or oppose inflammation. In lean adipose tissue, iNKT cells elicit a predominantly anti-inflammatory immune response, whereas obesity is associated with declining iNKT cell numbers. Recent work showed that adipocytes act as non-professional antigen-presenting cells for lipid antigens. Here, we discuss endogenous lipid antigen processing and presentation by adipocytes, and speculate on how these lipid antigens, together with 'environmental factors' such as tissue/organ environment and co-stimulatory signals, are able to influence the fate of adipose-tissue-resident iNKT cells, and thereby the role of these cells in obesity and its associated pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J van Eijkeren
- Department of Molecular Cancer Research and Centre for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Olga Krabbe
- Department of Molecular Cancer Research and Centre for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marianne Boes
- Department of Paediatrics, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Laboratory for Translational Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Henk S Schipper
- Department of Paediatrics, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Laboratory for Translational Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Eric Kalkhoven
- Department of Molecular Cancer Research and Centre for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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16
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Brutkiewicz RR. Cell Signaling Pathways That Regulate Antigen Presentation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 197:2971-2979. [PMID: 27824592 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cell signaling pathways regulate much in the life of a cell: from shuttling cargo through intracellular compartments and onto the cell surface, how it should respond to stress, protecting itself from harm (environmental insults or infections), to ultimately, death by apoptosis. These signaling pathways are important for various aspects of the immune response as well. However, not much is known in terms of the participation of cell signaling pathways in Ag presentation, a necessary first step in the activation of innate and adaptive T cells. In this brief review, I discuss the known signaling molecules (and pathways) that regulate how Ags are presented to T cells and the mechanism(s), if identified. Studies in this area have important implications in vaccine development and new treatment paradigms against infectious diseases, autoimmunity, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randy R Brutkiewicz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
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17
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Te Riet J, Joosten B, Reinieren-Beeren I, Figdor CG, Cambi A. N-glycan mediated adhesion strengthening during pathogen-receptor binding revealed by cell-cell force spectroscopy. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6713. [PMID: 28751750 PMCID: PMC5532264 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07220-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycan-protein lateral interactions have gained increased attention as important modulators of receptor function, by regulating surface residence time and endocytosis of membrane glycoproteins. The pathogen-recognition receptor DC-SIGN is highly expressed at the membrane of antigen-presenting dendritic cells, where it is organized in nanoclusters and binds to different viruses, bacteria and fungi. We recently demonstrated that DC-SIGN N-glycans spatially restrict receptor diffusion within the plasma membrane, favoring its internalization through clathrin-coated pits. Here, we investigated the involvement of the N-glycans of DC-SIGN expressing cells on pathogen binding strengthening when interacting with Candida fungal cells by using atomic force microscope (AFM)-assisted single cell-pathogen adhesion measurements. The use of DC-SIGN mutants lacking the N-glycans as well as blocking glycan-mediated lateral interactions strongly impaired cell stiffening during pathogen binding. Our findings demonstrate for the first time the direct involvement of the cell membrane glycans in strengthening cell-pathogen interactions. This study, therefore, puts forward a possible role for the glycocalyx as extracellular cytoskeleton contributing, possibly in connection with the intracellular actin cytoskeleton, to optimize strengthening of cell-pathogen interactions in the presence of mechanical forces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joost Te Riet
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Medical Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Grooteplein Zuid 26-28, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ben Joosten
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 26-28, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Inge Reinieren-Beeren
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Medical Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Grooteplein Zuid 26-28, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Carl G Figdor
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Medical Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Grooteplein Zuid 26-28, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Alessandra Cambi
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 26-28, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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18
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Ergodicity breaking on the neuronal surface emerges from random switching between diffusive states. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5404. [PMID: 28710444 PMCID: PMC5511290 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05911-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Stochastic motion on the surface of living cells is critical to promote molecular encounters that are necessary for multiple cellular processes. Often the complexity of the cell membranes leads to anomalous diffusion, which under certain conditions it is accompanied by non-ergodic dynamics. Here, we unravel two manifestations of ergodicity breaking in the dynamics of membrane proteins in the somatic surface of hippocampal neurons. Three different tagged molecules are studied on the surface of the soma: the voltage-gated potassium and sodium channels Kv1.4 and Nav1.6 and the glycoprotein CD4. In these three molecules ergodicity breaking is unveiled by the confidence interval of the mean square displacement and by the dynamical functional estimator. Ergodicity breaking is found to take place due to transient confinement effects since the molecules alternate between free diffusion and confined motion.
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19
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Akin EJ, Solé L, Johnson B, Beheiry ME, Masson JB, Krapf D, Tamkun MM. Single-Molecule Imaging of Nav1.6 on the Surface of Hippocampal Neurons Reveals Somatic Nanoclusters. Biophys J 2017; 111:1235-1247. [PMID: 27653482 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2016.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated sodium (Nav) channels are responsible for the depolarizing phase of the action potential in most nerve cells, and Nav channel localization to the axon initial segment is vital to action potential initiation. Nav channels in the soma play a role in the transfer of axonal output information to the rest of the neuron and in synaptic plasticity, although little is known about Nav channel localization and dynamics within this neuronal compartment. This study uses single-particle tracking and photoactivation localization microscopy to analyze cell-surface Nav1.6 within the soma of cultured hippocampal neurons. Mean-square displacement analysis of individual trajectories indicated that half of the somatic Nav1.6 channels localized to stable nanoclusters ∼230 nm in diameter. Strikingly, these domains were stabilized at specific sites on the cell membrane for >30 min, notably via an ankyrin-independent mechanism, indicating that the means by which Nav1.6 nanoclusters are maintained in the soma is biologically different from axonal localization. Nonclustered Nav1.6 channels showed anomalous diffusion, as determined by mean-square-displacement analysis. High-density single-particle tracking of Nav channels labeled with photoactivatable fluorophores in combination with Bayesian inference analysis was employed to characterize the surface nanoclusters. A subpopulation of mobile Nav1.6 was observed to be transiently trapped in the nanoclusters. Somatic Nav1.6 nanoclusters represent a new, to our knowledge, type of Nav channel localization, and are hypothesized to be sites of localized channel regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J Akin
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado; Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Laura Solé
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Ben Johnson
- Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Mohamed El Beheiry
- Physico-Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, Paris Sciences Lettres, CNRS UMR 168, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Masson
- Institut Pasteur, Decision and Bayesian Computation, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 3525, Paris, France; Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, Virginia
| | - Diego Krapf
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado.
| | - Michael M Tamkun
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado; Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado.
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20
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ATP Binding Cassette Transporter ABCA7 Regulates NKT Cell Development and Function by Controlling CD1d Expression and Lipid Raft Content. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40273. [PMID: 28091533 PMCID: PMC5238393 DOI: 10.1038/srep40273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
ABCA7 is an ABC transporter expressed on the plasma membrane, and actively exports phospholipid complexes from the cytoplasmic to the exocytoplasmic leaflet of membranes. Invariant NKT (iNKT) cells are a subpopulation of T lymphocytes that recognize glycolipid antigens in the context of CD1d-mediated antigen presentation. In this study, we demonstrate that ABCA7 regulates the development of NKT cells in a cell-extrinsic manner. We found that in Abca7−/− mice there is reduced expression of CD1d accompanied by an alteration in lipid raft content on the plasma membrane of thymocytes and antigen presenting cells. Together, these alterations caused by absence of ABCA7 negatively affect NKT cell development and function.
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21
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Sadegh S, Higgins JL, Mannion PC, Tamkun MM, Krapf D. Plasma Membrane is Compartmentalized by a Self-Similar Cortical Actin Meshwork. PHYSICAL REVIEW. X 2017; 7:011031. [PMID: 28690919 PMCID: PMC5500227 DOI: 10.1103/physrevx.7.011031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A broad range of membrane proteins display anomalous diffusion on the cell surface. Different methods provide evidence for obstructed subdiffusion and diffusion on a fractal space, but the underlying structure inducing anomalous diffusion has never been visualized because of experimental challenges. We addressed this problem by imaging the cortical actin at high resolution while simultaneously tracking individual membrane proteins in live mammalian cells. Our data confirm that actin introduces barriers leading to compartmentalization of the plasma membrane and that membrane proteins are transiently confined within actin fences. Furthermore, superresolution imaging shows that the cortical actin is organized into a self-similar meshwork. These results present a hierarchical nanoscale picture of the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Sadegh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - Jenny L. Higgins
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - Patrick C. Mannion
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - Michael M. Tamkun
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - Diego Krapf
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
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22
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Barr VA, Sherman E, Yi J, Akpan I, Rouquette-Jazdanian AK, Samelson LE. Development of nanoscale structure in LAT-based signaling complexes. J Cell Sci 2016; 129:4548-4562. [PMID: 27875277 PMCID: PMC5201021 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.194886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The adapter molecule linker for activation of T cells (LAT) plays a crucial role in forming signaling complexes induced by stimulation of the T cell receptor (TCR). These multi-molecular complexes are dynamic structures that activate highly regulated signaling pathways. Previously, we have demonstrated nanoscale structure in LAT-based complexes where the adapter SLP-76 (also known as LCP2) localizes to the periphery of LAT clusters. In this study, we show that initially LAT and SLP-76 are randomly dispersed throughout the clusters that form upon TCR engagement. The segregation of LAT and SLP-76 develops near the end of the spreading process. The local concentration of LAT also increases at the same time. Both changes require TCR activation and an intact actin cytoskeleton. These results demonstrate that the nanoscale organization of LAT-based signaling complexes is dynamic and indicates that different kinds of LAT-based complexes appear at different times during T cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valarie A Barr
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Eilon Sherman
- Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Jason Yi
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Itoro Akpan
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Lawrence E Samelson
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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23
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Cruz Tleugabulova M, Escalante NK, Deng S, Fieve S, Ereño-Orbea J, Savage PB, Julien JP, Mallevaey T. Discrete TCR Binding Kinetics Control Invariant NKT Cell Selection and Central Priming. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:3959-3969. [PMID: 27798168 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Invariant NKT (iNKT) cells develop and differentiate in the thymus, segregating into iNKT1/2/17 subsets akin to Th1/2/17 classical CD4+ T cells; however, iNKT TCRs recognize Ags in a fundamentally different way. How the biophysical parameters of iNKT TCRs influence signal strength in vivo and how such signals affect the development and differentiation of these cells are unknown. In this study, we manipulated TCRs in vivo to generate clonotypic iNKT cells using TCR retrogenic chimeras. We report that the biophysical properties of CD1d-lipid-TCR interactions differentially impacted the development and effector differentiation of iNKT cells. Whereas selection efficiency strongly correlated with TCR avidity, TCR signaling, cell-cell conjugate formation, and iNKT effector differentiation correlated with the half-life of CD1d-lipid-TCR interactions. TCR binding properties, however, did not modulate Ag-induced iNKT cytokine production. Our work establishes that discrete TCR interaction kinetics influence iNKT cell development and central priming.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nichole K Escalante
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Shenglou Deng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602
| | - Stephanie Fieve
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - June Ereño-Orbea
- The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada; and
| | - Paul B Savage
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602
| | - Jean-Philippe Julien
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada.,The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada; and.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Thierry Mallevaey
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada;
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24
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Sergé A. The Molecular Architecture of Cell Adhesion: Dynamic Remodeling Revealed by Videonanoscopy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2016; 4:36. [PMID: 27200348 PMCID: PMC4854873 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2016.00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The plasma membrane delimits the cell, which is the basic unit of living organisms, and is also a privileged site for cell communication with the environment. Cell adhesion can occur through cell-cell and cell-matrix contacts. Adhesion proteins such as integrins and cadherins also constitute receptors for inside-out and outside-in signaling within proteolipidic platforms. Adhesion molecule targeting and stabilization relies on specific features such as preferential segregation by the sub-membrane cytoskeleton meshwork and within membrane proteolipidic microdomains. This review presents an overview of the recent insights brought by the latest developments in microscopy, to unravel the molecular remodeling occurring at cell contacts. The dynamic aspect of cell adhesion was recently highlighted by super-resolution videomicroscopy, also named videonanoscopy. By circumventing the diffraction limit of light, nanoscopy has allowed the monitoring of molecular localization and behavior at the single-molecule level, on fixed and living cells. Accessing molecular-resolution details such as quantitatively monitoring components entering and leaving cell contacts by lateral diffusion and reversible association has revealed an unexpected plasticity. Adhesion structures can be highly specialized, such as focal adhesion in motile cells, as well as immune and neuronal synapses. Spatiotemporal reorganization of adhesion molecules, receptors, and adaptors directly relates to structure/function modulation. Assembly of these supramolecular complexes is continuously balanced by dynamic events, remodeling adhesions on various timescales, notably by molecular conformation switches, lateral diffusion within the membrane and endo/exocytosis. Pathological alterations in cell adhesion are involved in cancer evolution, through cancer stem cell interaction with stromal niches, growth, extravasation, and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnauld Sergé
- Centre de Cancérologie de Marseille, Équipe "Interactions Leuco/Stromales", Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1068, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR7258, Aix-Marseille Université UM105 Marseille, France
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