1
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Pakula RJ, Scott PJH. Applications of radiolabeled antibodies in neuroscience and neuro-oncology. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2023; 66:269-285. [PMID: 37322805 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.4049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) is a powerful tool in medicine and drug development, allowing for non-invasive imaging and quantitation of biological processes in live organisms. Targets are often probed with small molecules, but antibody-based PET is expanding because of many benefits, including ease of design of new antibodies toward targets, as well as the very strong affinities that can be expected. Application of antibodies to PET imaging of targets in the central nervous system (CNS) is a particularly nascent field, but one with tremendous potential. In this review, we discuss the growth of PET in imaging of CNS targets, present the promises and progress in antibody-based CNS PET, explore challenges faced by the field, and discuss questions that this promising approach will need to answer moving forward for imaging and perhaps even radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Pakula
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Peter J H Scott
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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2
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Emerging principles of cytokine pharmacology and therapeutics. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2023; 22:21-37. [PMID: 36131080 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-022-00557-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cytokines are secreted signalling proteins that play essential roles in the initiation, maintenance and resolution of immune responses. Although the unique ability of cytokines to control immune function has garnered clinical interest in the context of cancer, autoimmunity and infectious disease, the use of cytokine-based therapeutics has been limited. This is due, in part, to the ability of cytokines to act on many cell types and impact diverse biological functions, resulting in dose-limiting toxicity or lack of efficacy. Recent studies combining structural biology, protein engineering and receptor pharmacology have unlocked new insights into the mechanisms of cytokine receptor activation, demonstrating that many aspects of cytokine function are highly tunable. Here, we discuss the pharmacological principles underlying these efforts to overcome cytokine pleiotropy and enhance the therapeutic potential of this important class of signalling molecules.
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3
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Kenny SE, Antaw F, Locke WJ, Howard CB, Korbie D, Trau M. Next-Generation Molecular Discovery: From Bottom-Up In Vivo and In Vitro Approaches to In Silico Top-Down Approaches for Therapeutics Neogenesis. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:363. [PMID: 35330114 PMCID: PMC8950575 DOI: 10.3390/life12030363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein and drug engineering comprises a major part of the medical and research industries, and yet approaches to discovering and understanding therapeutic molecular interactions in biological systems rely on trial and error. The general approach to molecular discovery involves screening large libraries of compounds, proteins, or antibodies, or in vivo antibody generation, which could be considered "bottom-up" approaches to therapeutic discovery. In these bottom-up approaches, a minimal amount is known about the therapeutics at the start of the process, but through meticulous and exhaustive laboratory work, the molecule is characterised in detail. In contrast, the advent of "big data" and access to extensive online databases and machine learning technologies offers promising new avenues to understanding molecular interactions. Artificial intelligence (AI) now has the potential to predict protein structure at an unprecedented accuracy using only the genetic sequence. This predictive approach to characterising molecular structure-when accompanied by high-quality experimental data for model training-has the capacity to invert the process of molecular discovery and characterisation. The process has potential to be transformed into a top-down approach, where new molecules can be designed directly based on the structure of a target and the desired function, rather than performing screening of large libraries of molecular variants. This paper will provide a brief evaluation of bottom-up approaches to discovering and characterising biological molecules and will discuss recent advances towards developing top-down approaches and the prospects of this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie E. Kenny
- Centre for Personalised Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Corner of College and Cooper Roads (Bldg 75), Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (S.E.K.); (F.A.); (C.B.H.)
| | - Fiach Antaw
- Centre for Personalised Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Corner of College and Cooper Roads (Bldg 75), Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (S.E.K.); (F.A.); (C.B.H.)
| | - Warwick J. Locke
- Molecular Diagnostic Solutions, Health and Biosecurity, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Building 101, Clunies Ross Street, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia;
| | - Christopher B. Howard
- Centre for Personalised Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Corner of College and Cooper Roads (Bldg 75), Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (S.E.K.); (F.A.); (C.B.H.)
| | - Darren Korbie
- Centre for Personalised Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Corner of College and Cooper Roads (Bldg 75), Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (S.E.K.); (F.A.); (C.B.H.)
| | - Matt Trau
- Centre for Personalised Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Corner of College and Cooper Roads (Bldg 75), Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (S.E.K.); (F.A.); (C.B.H.)
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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4
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Lin CW, Lerner RA. Antibody Libraries as Tools to Discover Functional Antibodies and Receptor Pleiotropism. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4123. [PMID: 33923551 PMCID: PMC8073236 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Most antibodies currently in use have been selected based on their binding affinity. However, nowadays, antibodies that can not only bind but can also alter the function of cell surface signaling components are increasingly sought after as therapeutic drugs. Therefore, the identification of such functional antibodies from a large antibody library is the subject of intensive research. New methods applied to combinatorial antibody libraries now allow the isolation of functional antibodies in the cellular environment. These selected agonist antibodies have provided new insights into important issues of signal transduction. Notably, when certain antibodies bind to a given receptor, the cell fate induced by them may be the same or different from that induced by natural agonists. In addition, combined with phenotypic screening, this platform allows us to discover unexpected experimental results and explore various phenomena in cell biology, such as those associated with stem cells and cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard A. Lerner
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA;
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Tao P, Kuang Y, Li Y, Li W, Gao Z, Liu L, Qiang M, Zha Z, Fan K, Ma P, Friedman JM, Yang G, Lerner RA. Selection of a Full Agonist Combinatorial Antibody that Rescues Leptin Deficiency In Vivo. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:2000818. [PMID: 32832353 PMCID: PMC7435230 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202000818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Growth factor deficiency in adulthood constitutes a distinct clinical syndrome with significant morbidities including abnormal body composition, reduced energy, affective disturbances, dyslipidemia, and increased cardiovascular risk. Protein replacement therapies using recombinant proteins or enzymes represent the only approved treatment. Combinatorial antibodies have shown great promise as a new class of therapeutic molecules because they act as "mechanism-based antibodies" with both agonist and antagonist activities. Using leptin, a key hormone in energy metabolism, as an example, a function-guided approach is developed to select combinatorial antibodies with high potency and full agonist activity that substitute natural growth factors in vivo. The identified antibody shows identical biochemical properties and cellular profiles as leptin, and rescues leptin-deficiency in ob/ob mice. Remarkably, the antibody activates leptin receptors that are otherwise nonfunctional because of mutations (L372A and A409E). Combinatorial antibodies have significant advantages over recombinant proteins for chronical usage in terms of immunological tolerance and biological stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingdong Tao
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical StudiesShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai201210China
- School of Life Science and Technology
ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai201210China
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyShanghai Institutes for Biological SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200031China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Yuanyuan Kuang
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical StudiesShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai201210China
- School of Life Science and Technology
ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai201210China
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyShanghai Institutes for Biological SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200031China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Yu Li
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical StudiesShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai201210China
- School of Life Science and Technology
ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai201210China
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyShanghai Institutes for Biological SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200031China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Wenping Li
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical StudiesShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai201210China
- School of Life Science and Technology
ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai201210China
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyShanghai Institutes for Biological SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200031China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Zibei Gao
- School of Life Science and Technology
ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai201210China
| | - Lili Liu
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical StudiesShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai201210China
| | - Min Qiang
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical StudiesShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai201210China
| | - Zhao Zha
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical StudiesShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai201210China
| | - Kun Fan
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical StudiesShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai201210China
- School of Life Science and Technology
ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai201210China
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyShanghai Institutes for Biological SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200031China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Peixiang Ma
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical StudiesShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai201210China
| | - Jeffrey M. Friedman
- Laboratory of Molecular GeneticsHoward Hughes Medical InstituteThe Rockefeller UniversityNew YorkNY10065USA
| | - Guang Yang
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical StudiesShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai201210China
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Jung D, Bucher F, Ryu S, Jeong J, Lee BY, Jeong Y, Kim MS, Oh YS, Baek MC, Yoon JH, Yea K. An adiponectin receptor agonist antibody stimulates glucose uptake and fatty-acid oxidation by activating AMP-activated protein kinase. Cytokine 2019; 126:154863. [PMID: 31629112 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.154863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Adiponectin (Ad) is a representative adipocytokine that regulates energy homeostasis including glucose transport and lipid oxidation through activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathways. Plasma levels of Ad are reduced in obesity, which contributes to type 2 diabetes. Therefore, agents that activate the Ad signaling pathway could ameliorate metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes. Here, we report the identification of a high-affinitive agonist antibody against Ad receptors. The antibody was selected by using phage display of human combinatorial antibody libraries. The selected antibody induced phosphorylation of the acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and AMPK in skeletal muscle cells and stimulated glucose uptake and fatty-acid oxidation (FAO) in myotubes. In addition, the antibody significantly lowered blood glucose levels during a glucose challenge in normal mice as well as basal blood glucose levels in a type 2 diabetic mouse model. Taken together, these results suggest that the agonist antibody could be a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of metabolic syndrome such as type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dokyung Jung
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Felicitas Bucher
- Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Suyeon Ryu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongwon Jeong
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom Yong Lee
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngtae Jeong
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Minseok S Kim
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Seok Oh
- Department of Brain-Cognitive Science, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Chang Baek
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hyuk Yoon
- Department of Neural Development and Disease, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu 41068, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungmoo Yea
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea.
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An agonist antibody prefers relapsed AML for induction of cells that kill each other. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3494. [PMID: 30837591 PMCID: PMC6401169 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40087-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we reported an agonist antibody to a cytokine receptor, Thrombopoietin receptor (TPOR) that effectively induces cytotoxic killer cells from precursor tumor cells isolated from newly diagnosed AML patients. Here, we show that the TPOR agonist antibody can induce even relapsed AML cells into killer cells more potently than newly diagnosed AML cells. After stimulation by the agonist antibody, these relapsed leukemic cells enter into a differentiation process of killer cells. The antibody-induced killer cells express, Granzyme B and Perforin that assault and kill other members of the AML cell population. Particularly, the agonist antibody showed potent efficacy on the AML xenograft model in mice using the NOD/LtSz-scid IL2Rγc null (NSG) mice. These results show that the TPOR agonist antibody that induces AML cells to kill each other is effective on both relapsed AML cells and in vivo. Therefore, this study suggests a new strategy for the treatment of cancer relapse after chemotherapy.
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Mosabbir AA, Qudrat A, Truong K. A monoclonal antibody acts as a migratory cue via Ca 2+ re-wiring. Integr Biol (Camb) 2018; 10:166-173. [PMID: 29504002 DOI: 10.1039/c7ib00203c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
As monoclonal antibodies have two epitopes for their target ligand, they should theoretically dimerize target receptors upon binding. In particular, the dimerization of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor 2 (VEGFR2) stimulates early events occurring within minutes (e.g. Ca2+ signal generation) and late events occurring over hours and days (e.g. cell migration in angiogenesis). Although studies have noted that antibodies targeting VEGFR2 (anti-VEGFR2) inhibited cell migration in angiogenesis, we show in this paper that an anti-VEGFR2 stimulus nevertheless triggered a Ca2+ signal in VEGFR2 expressing cells. This Ca2+ signal was then re-wired to promote cell migration by co-expressing an engineered Ca2+ activated RhoA (called CaRQ), thereby engineering the opposite anticipated effect of an anti-VEGFR2 antibody. In these cells, the anti-VEGFR2 antibody stimulus induced cellular blebbing, migration across a membrane, and in vitro scratch wound healing. This work expands the utility of monoclonal antibodies to induce tailored responses in engineered cells such as changes in cell fluorescence via Ca2+ reporters or migration patterns via CaRQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah A Mosabbir
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Room 407, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada.
| | - Anam Qudrat
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Room 407, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada.
| | - Kevin Truong
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Room 407, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada. and Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
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Hinke SA, Cieniewicz AM, Kirchner T, D'Aquino K, Nanjunda R, Aligo J, Perkinson R, Cooper P, Boayke K, Chiu ML, Jarantow S, Lacy ER, Liang Y, Johnson DL, Whaley JM, Lingham RB, Kihm AJ. Unique pharmacology of a novel allosteric agonist/sensitizer insulin receptor monoclonal antibody. Mol Metab 2018; 10:87-99. [PMID: 29453154 PMCID: PMC5985231 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2018.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Insulin resistance is a key feature of Type 2 Diabetes (T2D), and improving insulin sensitivity is important for disease management. Allosteric modulation of the insulin receptor (IR) with monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) can enhance insulin sensitivity and restore glycemic control in animal models of T2D. Methods A novel human mAb, IRAB-A, was identified by phage screening using competition binding and surface plasmon resonance assays with the IR extracellular domain. Cell based assays demonstrated agonist and sensitizer effects of IRAB-A on IR and Akt phosphorylation, as well as glucose uptake. Lean and diet-induced obese mice were used to characterize single-dose in vivo pharmacological effects of IRAB-A; multiple-dose IRAB-A effects were tested in obese mice. Results In vitro studies indicate that IRAB-A exhibits sensitizer and agonist properties distinct from insulin on the IR and is translated to downstream signaling and function; IRAB-A bound specifically and allosterically to the IR and stabilized insulin binding. A single dose of IRAB-A given to lean mice rapidly reduced fed blood glucose for approximately 2 weeks, with concomitant reduced insulin levels suggesting improved insulin sensitivity. Phosphorylated IR (pIR) from skeletal muscle and liver were increased by IRAB-A; however, phosphorylated Akt (pAkt) levels were only elevated in skeletal muscle and not liver vs. control; immunochemistry analysis (IHC) confirmed the long-lived persistence of IRAB-A in skeletal muscle and liver. Studies in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice with IRAB-A reduced fed blood glucose and insulinemia yet impaired glucose tolerance and led to protracted insulinemia during a meal challenge. Conclusion Collectively, the data suggest IRAB-A acts allosterically on the insulin receptor acting non-competitively with insulin to both activate the receptor and enhance insulin signaling. While IRAB-A produced a decrease in blood glucose in lean mice, the data in DIO mice indicated an exacerbation of insulin resistance; these data were unexpected and suggested the interplay of complex unknown pharmacology. Taken together, this work suggests that IRAB-A may be an important tool to explore insulin receptor signaling and pharmacology. A novel anti-insulin receptor monoclonal antibody (IRAB-A) was identified that has both agonist and sensitizing activities. IRAB-A increases the receptor's affinity for insulin by binding to an allosteric site and does not compete with insulin. Mice injected once with IRAB-A show improved glycemia and reduced insulinemia, indicative of enhanced insulin sensitivity. In diet induced obese mice, the insulin sensitizing effect of IRAB-A appears to depend on the degree of insulin resistance. Chronic treatment of obese mice showed mixed effects on glucose homeostasis under normal fed or meal challenged conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon A Hinke
- Cardiovascular and Metabolism Therapeutic Area, Janssen Pharmaceutical Research & Development LLC, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, PA, 19477, USA.
| | - Anne M Cieniewicz
- Janssen BioTherapeutics, Janssen Pharmaceutical Research & Development LLC, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House PA 19477, USA
| | - Thomas Kirchner
- Cardiovascular and Metabolism Therapeutic Area, Janssen Pharmaceutical Research & Development LLC, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, PA, 19477, USA
| | - Katharine D'Aquino
- Cardiovascular and Metabolism Therapeutic Area, Janssen Pharmaceutical Research & Development LLC, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, PA, 19477, USA
| | - Rupesh Nanjunda
- Janssen BioTherapeutics, Janssen Pharmaceutical Research & Development LLC, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House PA 19477, USA
| | - Jason Aligo
- Janssen BioTherapeutics, Janssen Pharmaceutical Research & Development LLC, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House PA 19477, USA
| | - Robert Perkinson
- Janssen BioTherapeutics, Janssen Pharmaceutical Research & Development LLC, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House PA 19477, USA
| | - Philip Cooper
- Janssen BioTherapeutics, Janssen Pharmaceutical Research & Development LLC, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House PA 19477, USA
| | - Ken Boayke
- Janssen BioTherapeutics, Janssen Pharmaceutical Research & Development LLC, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House PA 19477, USA
| | - Mark L Chiu
- Janssen BioTherapeutics, Janssen Pharmaceutical Research & Development LLC, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House PA 19477, USA
| | - Steve Jarantow
- Janssen BioTherapeutics, Janssen Pharmaceutical Research & Development LLC, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House PA 19477, USA
| | - Eilyn R Lacy
- Janssen BioTherapeutics, Janssen Pharmaceutical Research & Development LLC, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House PA 19477, USA
| | - Yin Liang
- Cardiovascular and Metabolism Therapeutic Area, Janssen Pharmaceutical Research & Development LLC, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, PA, 19477, USA
| | - Dana L Johnson
- Cardiovascular and Metabolism Therapeutic Area, Janssen Pharmaceutical Research & Development LLC, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, PA, 19477, USA
| | - Jean M Whaley
- Cardiovascular and Metabolism Therapeutic Area, Janssen Pharmaceutical Research & Development LLC, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, PA, 19477, USA
| | - Russell B Lingham
- Janssen BioTherapeutics, Janssen Pharmaceutical Research & Development LLC, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House PA 19477, USA
| | - Anthony J Kihm
- Janssen BioTherapeutics, Janssen Pharmaceutical Research & Development LLC, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House PA 19477, USA.
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Migration-based selections of antibodies that convert bone marrow into trafficking microglia-like cells that reduce brain amyloid β. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E372-E381. [PMID: 29295920 PMCID: PMC5777004 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1719259115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A migration-based selection system is used to identify antibodies from combinatorial libraries that induce stem cells to both differentiate and selectively traffic to different tissues in adult animals. Significantly, a single agonist antibody induces microglia-like cells, which have the capacity to migrate to the brain and decrease amyloid beta deposition in the brain. One goal of regenerative medicine is to repair damaged tissue. This requires not only generating new cells of the proper phenotype, but also selecting for those that properly integrate into sites of injury. In our laboratory we are using a cell-migration–based in vivo selection system to generate antibodies that induce cells to both differentiate and selectively localize to different tissues. Here we describe an antibody that induces bone marrow stem cells to differentiate into microglia-like cells that traffic to the brain where they organize into typical networks. Interestingly, in the APP/PS1 Alzheimer’s disease mouse model, these induced microglia-like cells are found at sites of plaque formation and significantly reduce their number. These results raise the intriguing question as to whether one can use such antibody-induced differentiation of stem cells to essentially recapitulate embryogenesis in adults to discover cells that can regenerate damaged organ systems.
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12
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Kennedy PJ, Oliveira C, Granja PL, Sarmento B. Monoclonal antibodies: technologies for early discovery and engineering. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2017; 38:394-408. [PMID: 28789584 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2017.1357002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Antibodies are essential in modern life sciences biotechnology. Their architecture and diversity allow for high specificity and affinity to a wide array of biochemicals. Combining monoclonal antibody (mAb) technology with recombinant DNA and protein expression links antibody genotype with phenotype. Yet, the ability to select and screen for high affinity binders from recombinantly-displayed, combinatorial libraries unleashes the true power of mAbs and a flood of clinical applications. The identification of novel antibodies can be accomplished by a myriad of in vitro display technologies from the proven (e.g. phage) to the emerging (e.g. mammalian cell and cell-free) based on affinity binding as well as function. Lead candidates can be further engineered for increased affinity and half-life, reduced immunogenicity and/or enhanced manufacturing, and storage capabilities. This review begins with antibody biology and how the structure and genetic machinery relate to function, diversity, and in vivo affinity maturation and follows with the general requirements of (therapeutic) antibody discovery and engineering with an emphasis on in vitro display technologies. Throughout, we highlight where antibody biology inspires technology development and where high-throughput, "big data" and in silico strategies are playing an increasing role. Antibodies dominate the growing class of targeted therapeutics, alone or as bioconjugates. However, their versatility extends to research, diagnostics, and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J Kennedy
- a i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde , Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal.,b INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica , Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal.,c IPATIMUP - Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal.,d ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar , Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Carla Oliveira
- a i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde , Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal.,c IPATIMUP - Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Pedro L Granja
- a i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde , Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal.,b INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica , Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal.,d ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar , Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal.,e Departmento de Engenharia Metalúrgica e de Materiais , FEUP - Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Bruno Sarmento
- a i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde , Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal.,b INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica , Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal.,f CESPU , Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde & Instituto Universitário de Ciências da Saúde , Gandra , Portugal
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13
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Fatehchand K, McMichael EL, Reader BF, Fang H, Santhanam R, Gautam S, Elavazhagan S, Mehta P, Buteyn NJ, Merchand-Reyes G, Vasu S, Mo X, Benson DM, Blachly JS, Carson WE, Byrd JC, Butchar JP, Tridandapani S. Interferon-γ Promotes Antibody-mediated Fratricide of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:25656-25666. [PMID: 27780867 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.753145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is characterized by the proliferation of immature myeloid lineage blasts. Due to its heterogeneity and to the high rate of acquired drug resistance and relapse, new treatment strategies are needed. Here, we demonstrate that IFNγ promotes AML blasts to act as effector cells within the context of antibody therapy. Treatment with IFNγ drove AML blasts toward a more differentiated state, wherein they showed increased expression of the M1-related markers HLA-DR and CD86, as well as of FcγRI, which mediates effector responses to therapeutic antibodies. Importantly, IFNγ was able to up-regulate CD38, the target of the therapeutic antibody daratumumab. Because the antigen (CD38) and effector receptor (FcγRI) were both simultaneously up-regulated on the AML blasts, we tested whether IFNγ treatment of the AML cell lines THP-1 and MV4-11 could stimulate them to target one another after the addition of daratumumab. Results showed that IFNγ significantly increased daratumumab-mediated cytotoxicity, as measured both by 51Cr release and lactate dehydrogenase release assays. We also found that the combination of IFNγ and activation of FcγR led to the release of granzyme B by AML cells. Finally, using a murine NSG model of subcutaneous AML, we found that treatment with IFNγ plus daratumumab significantly attenuated tumor growth. Taken together, these studies show a novel mechanism of daratumumab-mediated killing and a possible new therapeutic strategy for AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavin Fatehchand
- From the Medical Scientist Training Program.,Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program.,Department of Internal Medicine
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiaokui Mo
- Center for Biostatistics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | | | | | - William E Carson
- From the Medical Scientist Training Program.,Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program.,Department of Internal Medicine
| | - John C Byrd
- From the Medical Scientist Training Program.,Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program.,Department of Internal Medicine
| | | | - Susheela Tridandapani
- From the Medical Scientist Training Program, .,Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program.,Department of Internal Medicine.,Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Program, and
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14
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Combinatorial antibody libraries: new advances, new immunological insights. Nat Rev Immunol 2016; 16:498-508. [DOI: 10.1038/nri.2016.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungmoo Yea
- a Department of Cell and Molecular Biology , The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla , CA , USA
| | - Hongkai Zhang
- a Department of Cell and Molecular Biology , The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla , CA , USA
| | - Richard A Lerner
- a Department of Cell and Molecular Biology , The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla , CA , USA
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