1
|
Yacoub HA, Mahmoud MM, Al-Hejin AM, Abujamel TS, Tabrez S, Abd-Elmaksoud S. Effect of Nk-lysin peptides on bacterial growth, MIC, antimicrobial resistance, and viral activities. Anim Biotechnol 2024; 35:2290520. [PMID: 38100547 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2023.2290520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
NK-lysins from chicken, bovine and human are used as antiviral and antibacterial agents. Gram-negative and gram-positive microorganisms, including Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus mutans, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella oxytoca, Shigella sonnei, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Salmonella typhimurium, are susceptible to NK-lysin treatment. The presence of dominant TEM-1 gene was noted in all untreated and treated bacteria, while TOHO-1 gene was absent in all bacteria. Importantly, β-lactamase genes CTX-M-1, CTX-M-8, and CTX-M-9 genes were detected in untreated bacterial strains; however, none of these were found in any bacterial strains following treatment with NK-lysin peptides. NK-lysin peptides are also used to test for inhibition of infectivity, which ranged from 50 to 90% depending on NK-lysin species. Chicken, bo vine and human NK-lysin peptides are demonstrated herein to have antibacterial activity and antiviral activity against Rotavirus (strain SA-11). On the basis of the comparison between these peptides, potent antiviral activity of bovine NK-lysin against Rotavirus (strain SA-11) is particularly evident, inhibiting infection by up to 90%. However, growth was also significantly inhibited by chicken and human NK-lysin peptides, restricted by 80 and 50%, respectively. This study provided a novel treatment using NK-lysin peptides to inhibit expression of β-lactamase genes in β-lactam antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haitham A Yacoub
- Cell Biology Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maged Mostafa Mahmoud
- Regerenative Medicine Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (SA)
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (SA)
| | - Ahmed M Al-Hejin
- Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Turki S Abujamel
- Regerenative Medicine Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (SA)
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shams Tabrez
- Regerenative Medicine Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (SA)
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (SA)
| | - Sherif Abd-Elmaksoud
- Environmental Virology Laboratory, Water Pollution Research Department, Environmental Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Huang Y, Wu B, Yang Y, Li W, Han F. Cloning, subcellular localization and antibacterial functional analysis of NK-lysin in yellow drum (Nibea albiflora). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 141:109061. [PMID: 37683807 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Vibrio harveyi is the primary pathogenic bacteria affecting Nibea albiflora aquaculture. In a previous phase, our laboratory intentionally exposed N. albiflora to V. harveyi and analyzed the outcomes using a combination of genome-wide association study (GWAS) and RNA-seq. The results revealed that the antimicrobial peptide NK-lysin (YdNkl-1) was a candidate gene for resistance to V. harveyi disease in N. albiflora. To investigate the role of the antimicrobial peptide NK-lysin in N. albiflora's antimicrobial immunity, we screened the YdNkl-1 gene from the transcriptome database. The full-length cDNA of YdNkl-1 gene is 508 bp, with an open reading frame (ORF) of 477 bp, encoding 158 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence of YdNkl-1 contains a signal peptide (1st-22nd amino acids) and a Saposin B domain (50th-124th amino acids), akin to mammalian NK-lysin. Phylogenetic tree analysis confirmed that the NK-lysin of teleost fish clustered into a single species, and YdNkl-1 was most closely related to Larimichthys crocea. Subcellular localization showed that YdNkl-1 was distributed in cytoplasm and nucleus of yellow drum kidney cells. Furthermore, YdNkl-1 mRNA transcripts were significantly up-regulated in the skin, gill, intestine, head-kidney, liver, and spleen after V. harveyi infection, suggesting a critical role in N. albiflora's defense against V. harveyi infection. Additionally, we purified and observed the YdNkl-1 protein, which exhibited a potent membrane-disrupting effect on V. harveyi, Pseudomonas plecoglossicida, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. These findings underscore the significance of NK-lysin in N. albiflora's resistance to V. harveyi infection and provide new insights into the crucial role of NK-lysin in the innate immunity of teleost fishes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Huang
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources and Eco-environment, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361000, PR China
| | - Baolan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources and Eco-environment, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361000, PR China
| | - Yao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources and Eco-environment, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361000, PR China
| | - Wanbo Li
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources and Eco-environment, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361000, PR China
| | - Fang Han
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources and Eco-environment, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361000, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Biernbaum EN, Dassanayake RP, Nicholson EM, Kudva IT. Comparative evaluation of antimicrobial activity of human granulysin, bovine and porcine NK-lysins against Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0292234. [PMID: 37768945 PMCID: PMC10538649 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O157:H7 (O157) is a foodborne pathogen causing human disease ranging from hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome to kidney failure, while remaining harmless to cattle, its primary reservoir. The severity of the human disease associated mainly with Shiga toxin production and a global emergence of antibiotic resistant STEC highlights the need for effective non-antibiotic, pre-harvest strategies to reduce O157 in cattle, the principal source of human infection. Towards this goal three synthetic antimicrobial peptides (AMPs): human granulysin (hGRNL), bovine NK-lysin (bNK2A), and porcine NK-lysin (pNKL), were tested in vitro against O157 isolates. As expected, circular dichroism spectroscopy findings were consistent with a predominantly α-helical conformation for all three AMPs in an environment mimicking bacterial outer surface or liposaccharides. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentrations of hGRNL (200 μM), bNK2A (12.5 μM against strain 86-24 and 25 μM against EDL933), and pNKL (6.25 μM) were determined using the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute broth microdilution method in Müeller-Hinton broth (cation-adjusted). The bNK2A and pNKL AMPs did not induce Shiga toxin expression in O157 at MIC, as there was a significant decrease or no change in toxin expression following 4- or 20 h incubation with the AMPs; bNK2A p <0.0001 (4 h) and p = 0.4831 (20 h); pNKL p <0.0001 (4 h) and p = 0.0001 (20 h). Propidium iodide uptake assay revealed faster O157 membrane damage or killing kinetics with bNK2A and pNKL compared to hGRNL. Nonetheless, transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that all three AMPs mediated damage to O157 membranes. In contrast, the three AMPs showed minimal cytotoxicity (<2%) against cattle red blood cells at tested concentrations (0.39-50 μM). Overall, our results demonstrate the potential for bNK2A and pNKL to be further developed into novel non-antibiotic agents to reduce O157 shedding in cattle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erika N. Biernbaum
- Food Safety and Enteric Pathogens Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), ARS Research Participation Program, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Rohana P. Dassanayake
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Eric M. Nicholson
- Virus and Prion Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Indira T. Kudva
- Food Safety and Enteric Pathogens Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Stanovova MV, Gazizova GR, Gorbushin AM. Transcriptomic profiling of immune-associated molecules in the coelomocytes of lugworm Arenicola marina (Linnaeus, 1758). JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY. PART B, MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION 2023; 340:34-55. [PMID: 35438249 DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.23135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Organization and functioning of immune system remain unevenly studied in different taxa of lophotrochozoan animals. We analyzed transcriptomic data on coelomocytes of the lugworm Arenicola marina (Linnaeus, 1758; Annelida, Polychaeta) to gain insights into the molecular mechanisms involved in polychaete immunity. Coelomocytes are specialized motile cells populating coelomic fluid of annelids, responsible for cellular defense reactions and providing humoral immune factors. The transcriptome was enriched with immune-related transcripts by challenging the cells in vitro with lipopolysaccharides of Escherichia coli and Zymosan from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Our analysis revealed a multifaceted and complex internal defense system of the lugworm. A. marina possesses orthologs of proto-complement-like factors: six thioester-containing proteins, a complement-like receptor, and a MASP-related serine protease (MReM2). A. marina coelomocytes employ pattern-recognition receptors to detect pathogens and regulate immune responses. Among them, there are 18 Toll-like receptors and various putative lectin-like proteins with evolutionary conserved and taxa-specific domains. C-type lectins and a novel family of Gal-binding and CUB domains containing receptors were the most abundant in the transcriptome. The array of pore-forming proteins in the coelomocytes was surprisingly reduced compared to that of other invertebrate species. We characterized a set of conserved proteins metabolizing reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide and expanded the arsenal of potential antimicrobial peptides. Phenoloxidase activity in immune cells of lugworm is mediated only by laccase enzyme. The described repertoire of immune-associated molecules provides valuable candidates for further functional and comparative research on the immunity of annelids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria V Stanovova
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Guzel R Gazizova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Alexander M Gorbushin
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry (IEPhB RAS), St. Petersburg, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cao H, Fang C, Wang Q, Liu LL, Liu WJ. Transcript Characteristics on the Susceptibility Difference of Bovine Respiratory Disease. Int J Genomics 2023; 2023:9934684. [PMID: 37180342 PMCID: PMC10175020 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9934684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is one of the major health issues in the cattle industry, resulting in significant financial crises globally. There is currently no good treatment, and cattle are made resistant to pneumonia through disease-resistant breeding. The serial blood samples from six Xinjiang brown (XJB) calves were collected for the RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). The obtained six samples were grouped into two groups, in each group as infected with BRD and healthy calves, respectively. In our study, the differential expression mRNAs were detected by using RNA-seq and constructed a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network related to the immunity in cattle. The key genes were identified by protein interaction network analysis, and the results from RNA-seq were verified using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). A total of 488 differentially expressed (DE) mRNAs were identified. Importantly, the enrichment analysis of these identified DEGs classified them as mainly enriched in the regulation and immune response processes. The 16 hub genes were found to be related to immune pathways categorized by PPIs analysis. Results revealed that many hub genes were related to the immune response to respiratory disease. These results will provide the basis for a better understanding of the molecular mechanism of bovine resistance to BRD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hang Cao
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830052, China
| | - Chao Fang
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830052, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830052, China
| | - Ling-Ling Liu
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830052, China
| | - Wu-Jun Liu
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830052, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
NK-lysin antimicrobial peptide-functionalized nanoporous alumina membranes as biosensors for label-free bacterial endotoxin detection. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 636:18-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.10.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
7
|
Tong S, Shi N, Zheng K, Yin Z, Zhang X, Liu Y. Genomic Variant in NK-Lysin Gene Is Associated with T Lymphocyte Subpopulations in Pigs. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:1985. [PMID: 36360222 PMCID: PMC9689794 DOI: 10.3390/genes13111985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/11/2024] Open
Abstract
As an antimicrobial peptide, NK-lysin (NKL) plays an important role in the innate immune system of organisms. In this study, 300 piglets (68 Landrace pigs, 158 Large White pigs and 74 Songliao Black pigs) were used to further explore the function of NLK gene in porcine immune system. The quantitative real-time PCR analysis detected the NKL gene's expression, and the result demonstrated that NKL mRNA was expressed in lung, spleen, stomach, kidney, liver and heart, and the expression level decreased sequentially. A single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP, g.59070355 G > A) in intron 3 of the NKL gene was detected by PCR amplification and sequencing. The results of the Chi-square (χ2) test showed that the genotype of the SNP was consistent with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. What's more, association analysis results showed the SNP in NKL gene was significantly associated with T lymphocyte subpopulations. Different genotypes had significant effects on the proportion of CD4-CD8-, CD4-CD8+, CD4+CD8+, CD8+, CD4+/CD8+ in peripheral blood (p < 0.05). These results further suggested that NKL could be recognized as a promising immune gene for swine disease resistance breeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shifeng Tong
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ningkun Shi
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Kaichen Zheng
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zongjun Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang H, Cao Z, Diao Q, Zhou Y, Ao J, Liu C, Sun Y. Antimicrobial activity and mechanisms of a derived antimicrobial peptide TroNKL-27 from golden pompano (Trachinotus ovatus) NK-lysin. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 126:357-369. [PMID: 35661768 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.05.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
NK-lysin, a homologue of granulysin among human, is predominantly found in natural killer cells and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, which plays a pivotal part in innate immune responses against diverse pathogenic bacteria. Nonetheless, in teleosts, the research on antimicrobial activity and mechanisms of NK-lysin are seldom reported. In this study, we determined the antimicrobial activity of the truncated peptide TroNKL-27 that derived from golden pompano (Trachinotus ovatus) NK-lysin, and investigated its antimicrobial mechanisms. The results showed that TroNKL-27 had considerable antimicrobial potency against both Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae) and Gram-negative bacteria (Vibrio harveyi, V. alginolyticus, Escherichia coli, Edwardsiella tarda). Cytoplasmic membrane depolarization and propidium iodide (PI) uptake assay manifested that TroNKL-27 could induce the bacterial membrane depolarization and change its membrane permeability, respectively. In the light of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation, TroNKL-27 was capable of altering morphological structures of bacteria and leading to leakage of cellular contents. Moreover, the results of gel retardation assay indicated TroNKL-27 had the ability to induce the degradation of bacterial genomic DNA. As regards in vivo assay, TroNKL-27 could reduce the replication of V. harveyi in tissues of golden pompano, protect the tissue from pathological changes. Moreover, TroNKL-27 in vivo could significantly increase the expression of the immune genes (such as IL1β, TNFα, IFN-γ, C3 and Mx) in presence or absence of V. harveyi infection. All of these results suggest that TroNKL-27 is a novel antimicrobial peptide possessing antibacterial and immunoregulatory function in vivo and in vitro, and the observed effects of TroNKL-27 will lay a solid foundation for the development of new antimicrobial agents used in aquaculture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, PR China; Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology, College of Marine Science, Hainan University, PR China
| | - Zhenjie Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, PR China; Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology, College of Marine Science, Hainan University, PR China
| | - Qianying Diao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, PR China; Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology, College of Marine Science, Hainan University, PR China
| | - Yongcan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, PR China; Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology, College of Marine Science, Hainan University, PR China
| | - Jingqun Ao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biogenetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Chunsheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, PR China; Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology, College of Marine Science, Hainan University, PR China.
| | - Yun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, PR China; Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology, College of Marine Science, Hainan University, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ahn B, Jeon H, Cho HS, Nagasundarapandian S, Park C. Sequence polymorphisms of PR39 cathelicidins and extensive copy variations in commercial pig breeds. Gene 2022; 822:146323. [PMID: 35181502 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Copy number polymorphisms (CNPs) of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) in livestock can influence the innate immune response of individuals. We conducted a high-resolution analysis of the genomic variations of porcine cathelicidin PR39 using cloned PR39 amplicons corresponding to the 5' untranslated region (UTR) to 3' UTR from four individuals of three different pig breeds. We identified 15 different sequences corresponding to 9 different coding domain sequences (CDSs), encoding 7 different protein sequences consisting of 3 functional and 4 non-functional forms. Subsequently, we developed a PR39 CNP typing method using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and analyzed the PR39 copy numbers from 44 pigs of six breeds. Significant variations in PR39 copies ranging from 2 to 10 copies, with a mean copy number of 5, were observed among all commercial breeds, except the wild boar. Among the different breeds, the PR39 copy number was highest (10) in Korean native pigs. Gene expression analysis showed that PR39 expression was correlated with the copy number. Moreover, the comparative analysis of the cathelicidin cluster-containing region among eight mammalian species showed the complete evolutionary conservation of the region, except for differences in the degree of cathelicidin expansion in each species. Therefore, characterization of CNPs in AMP genes could aid in improving the genetic potential of innate immune responses in livestock animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Byeongyong Ahn
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoim Jeon
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Sun Cho
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Chankyu Park
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Dassanayake RP, Atkinson BM, Mullis AS, Falkenberg SM, Nicholson EM, Casas E, Narasimhan B, Bearson SMD. Bovine NK-lysin peptides exert potent antimicrobial activity against multidrug-resistant Salmonella outbreak isolates. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19276. [PMID: 34588573 PMCID: PMC8481502 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98860-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella is a threat to public health. Non-antibiotic therapies could serve as important countermeasures to control MDR Salmonella outbreaks. In this study, antimicrobial activity of cationic α-helical bovine NK-lysin-derived antimicrobial peptides was evaluated against MDR Salmonella outbreak isolates. NK2A and NK2B strongly inhibited MDR Salmonella growth while NK1 and NK2C showed minimum-to-no growth inhibition. Scrambled-NK2A, which is devoid of α-helicity but has the same net positive charge as NK2A, also failed to inhibit bacterial growth. Incubation of negatively charged MDR Salmonella with NK2A showed increased Zeta potential, indicating bacterial-peptide electrostatic attraction. Confocal and transmission electron microscopy studies revealed NK2A-mediated damage to MDR Salmonella membranes. LPS inhibited NK2A-mediated growth suppression in a dose-dependent response, suggesting irreversible NK2A-LPS binding. LPS-NK2A binding and bacterial membrane disruption was also confirmed via electron microscopy using gold nanoparticle-NK2A conjugates. Finally, NK2A-loaded polyanhydride nanoparticles showed sustained peptide delivery and anti-bacterial activity. Together, these findings indicate that NK2A α-helicity and positive charge are prerequisites for antimicrobial activity and that MDR Salmonella killing is mediated by direct interaction of NK2A with LPS and the inner membrane, leading to bacterial membrane permeabilization. With further optimization using nano-carriers, NK2A has the potential to become a potent anti-MDR Salmonella agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rohana P Dassanayake
- Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, USDA, Ames, IA, USA.
| | - Briony M Atkinson
- Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, Food Safety and Enteric Pathogens Research Unit, USDA, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Adam S Mullis
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Nanovaccine Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Shollie M Falkenberg
- Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, USDA, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Eric M Nicholson
- Virus and Prion Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Eduardo Casas
- Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, USDA, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Balaji Narasimhan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Nanovaccine Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Shawn M D Bearson
- Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, Food Safety and Enteric Pathogens Research Unit, USDA, Ames, IA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chen RY, Chen J, Liu ZM, Lin ZH, Guo ZP. Barbel steed (Hemibarbus labeo) NK-lysin protects against Aeromonas hydrophila infection via immunomodulatory activity. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 122:104114. [PMID: 33945835 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
NK-lysins (NKLs) are a family of multifunctional antimicrobial peptides that have activity against various microorganisms. However, the immunomodulatory activity of NKL in fish remains unclear. In this study, the cDNA sequence of barbel steed (Hemibarbus labeo) NKL gene was cloned. Barbel steed NKL amino acid sequence comprised a signal peptide and a mature peptide. The saposin B domain in the mature peptide has six conserved cysteines that form three disulfide bonds. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the barbel steed NKL was most closely related to that of the common carp (Cyprinus carpio) NKL. Differential expression analysis showed that the barbel steed NKL gene was expressed in all tested tissues, with the highest expression in the spleen. In response to Aeromonas hydrophila infection, NKL was significantly upregulated in the liver, spleen, head kidney, and gill. The barbel steed NKL showed strong antibacterial activity against Vibrio parahaemolyticus, V. alginolyticus, V. vulnificus, and Listeria monocytogenes. However, NKL had no antibacterial activity against the pathogenic bacteria A. hydrophila. Lactate dehydrogenase release assays showed that NKL damaged the V. parahaemolyticus cell membrane. NKL significantly increased barbel steed survival rate after A. hydrophila infection and upregulated IL-1β and TNF-α expression in the spleen and head kidney. NKL induced monocyte/macrophage chemotaxis and enhanced the respiratory burst and proinflammatory cytokine expression. Our study shows that fish NKL exhibits immunomodulatory effects and protects the host from pathogenic infections independent of direct bacterial clearance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Yi Chen
- College of Ecology, Lishui University, Lishui, 323000, China
| | - Jie Chen
- College of Ecology, Lishui University, Lishui, 323000, China.
| | - Zi-Ming Liu
- College of Ecology, Lishui University, Lishui, 323000, China
| | - Zhi-Hua Lin
- College of Ecology, Lishui University, Lishui, 323000, China.
| | - Zhi-Ping Guo
- College of Ecology, Lishui University, Lishui, 323000, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Chen X, Li Y, Huang Q, Lin X, Wang X, Wang Y, Liu Y, He Q, Liu Y, Wang T, Ji ZL, Li Q. Segmental duplication as potential biomarkers for non-invasive prenatal testing of aneuploidies. EBioMedicine 2021; 70:103535. [PMID: 34391089 PMCID: PMC8374395 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Segmental duplication (SD) regions are distinct targets for aneuploidy detection owing to the virtual elimination of amplification bias. The difficulty of searching SD sequences for assay design has hampered their applications. Methods We developed a computational program, ChAPDes, which integrates SD searching, refinement, and design of specific PCR primer/probe sets in a pipeline to remove most of the manual work. The generated primer/probe sets were first tested in a multiplex multicolour melting curve analysis for the detection of five common aneuploidies. The primer/probe sets were then tested in a digital PCR assay for the detection of trisomy 21. Finally, a digital PCR protocol was established to quantify maternal plasma DNA sequences for the non-invasive prenatal detection of fetal trisomy 21. Findings ChAPDes could output 21,772 candidate primer/probe sets for trisomy 13, 18, 21 and sex chromosome aneuploidies within 2 working days. Clinical evaluation of the multiplex multicolour melting curve analysis involving 463 fetal genomic DNA samples revealed a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 99.64% in comparison with the reference methods. Using the established digital PCR protocol, we correctly identified two trisomy 21 fetuses and thirteen euploid foetuses from the maternal plasma samples. Interpretation The combination of ChAPDes with digital PCR detection could facilitate the use of SD as potential biomarkers for the non-invasive prenatal testing of fetal chromosomal aneuploidies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinwen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Engineering Research Centre of Molecular Diagnostics of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Yifan Li
- National Institute for Data Science in Health and Medicine, School of Informatics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Qiuying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Engineering Research Centre of Molecular Diagnostics of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Xingming Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Engineering Research Centre of Molecular Diagnostics of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Xudong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Engineering Research Centre of Molecular Diagnostics of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Yafang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Engineering Research Centre of Molecular Diagnostics of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Engineering Research Centre of Molecular Diagnostics of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Qiushun He
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Engineering Research Centre of Molecular Diagnostics of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Yinghua Liu
- Centre for Reproduction and Genetics, the Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215002, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Centre for Reproduction and Genetics, the Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215002, China.
| | - Zhi-Liang Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Engineering Research Centre of Molecular Diagnostics of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China.
| | - Qingge Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Engineering Research Centre of Molecular Diagnostics of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ma H, Han YC, Palti Y, Gao G, Liu S, Palmquist DE, Wiens GD, Shepherd BS. Structure and regulation of the NK-lysin (1-4) and NK-lysin like (a and b) antimicrobial genes in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 116:103961. [PMID: 33301795 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nk-lysin (Nkl), an antimicrobial peptide (AMP) product of natural killer cells and cytotoxic T cells in mammals, has recently been characterized in a number of finfish species. In this study, we identified six genes with sequence homology to Nkl and characterized their patterns of mRNA expression and abundances in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The cDNA sequences for the six Nkls encoded precursor peptides of 128-133 aa in length, and mature peptides of 109-111 aa in length. Genomic DNA of the nkl1-4 genes consisted of five exons and four introns, whereas the nkl-like a & b genes consisted of four exons and three introns. Chromosomal locations of these peptides show that nkl1 was located on chromosome arm 25q, whereas the other five nkl genes were clustered on chromosome arm 19q. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a conserved structure of Nkls among the teleosts and further protein sequence analyses suggests that all six nkl genes fall within the Nkl sub-family of the Saposin family of proteins. Patterns of tissue-specific mRNA expression were asymmetric among the six trout Nkl homologues, with nkl1, nkl3, and nkl-like a & b occurring in immune competent organs such as spleen, gill, intestine and kidney, as well as pineal gland, brain and oocytes. However, nkl2 and nkl4, showed primary abundances in brain, pineal gland and oocyte tissues. Using mRNA sequencing, in whole-body pools of juvenile trout fry (1 g bw) exposed to Flavobacterium psychrophilum infection, we observed modest up-regulation (2-3 fold) of five (nkl 2-4 and nkl-like a & b) of the six nkl mRNAs over the five-day post-challenge time-course. However, no upregulation could be recorded in spleen tissue measured by qPCR in juvenile trout (270 g bw). Using mRNA sequencing again, mRNA abundances were determined in gill of juvenile trout (~57.7 g bw) exposed to various aquaculture stressors. The results indicated that all six nkls (nkl1-4 and nkl-like a and nkl-like b) were downregulated when exposed to high temperature, and that nkl1 was significantly downregulated following salinity challenge. Overall, these newly characterized AMPs may contribute to host innate immunity as they are modulated following pathogen challenge and by physiological stressors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Ma
- USDA-ARS-NADC-Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, 1920 Dayton Ave, Ames, IA, 50010, USA; USDA-ARS-National Center for Cool and Cold Water Aquaculture, 11861 Leetown Rd., Leetown, WV, 25430, USA
| | - Yueh-Chiang Han
- USDA-ARS-School of Freshwater Sciences, 600 E. Greenfield Ave., Milwaukee, WI, 53204, USA
| | - Yniv Palti
- USDA-ARS-National Center for Cool and Cold Water Aquaculture, 11861 Leetown Rd., Leetown, WV, 25430, USA
| | - Guangtu Gao
- USDA-ARS-National Center for Cool and Cold Water Aquaculture, 11861 Leetown Rd., Leetown, WV, 25430, USA
| | - Sixin Liu
- USDA-ARS-National Center for Cool and Cold Water Aquaculture, 11861 Leetown Rd., Leetown, WV, 25430, USA
| | - Debra E Palmquist
- USDA/ARS-Midwest Area Statistics Unit, 1815 N. Street, Peoria, IL, 61604, USA
| | - Gregory D Wiens
- USDA-ARS-National Center for Cool and Cold Water Aquaculture, 11861 Leetown Rd., Leetown, WV, 25430, USA
| | - Brian S Shepherd
- USDA-ARS-School of Freshwater Sciences, 600 E. Greenfield Ave., Milwaukee, WI, 53204, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Futas J, Oppelt J, Burger PA, Horin P. A Deadly Cargo: Gene Repertoire of Cytotoxic Effector Proteins in the Camelidae. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:304. [PMID: 33669939 PMCID: PMC7924851 DOI: 10.3390/genes12020304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxic T cells and natural killer cells can kill target cells based on their expression and release of perforin, granulysin, and granzymes. Genes encoding these molecules have been only poorly annotated in camelids. Based on bioinformatic analyses of genomic resources, sequences corresponding to perforin, granulysin, and granzymes were identified in genomes of camelids and related ungulate species, and annotation of the corresponding genes was performed. A phylogenetic tree was constructed to study evolutionary relationships between the species analyzed. Re-sequencing of all genes in a panel of 10 dromedaries and 10 domestic Bactrian camels allowed analyzing their individual genetic polymorphisms. The data showed that all extant Old World camelids possess functional genes for two pore-forming proteins (PRF1, GNLY) and six granzymes (GZMA, GZMB, GZMH, GZMK, GZMM, and GZMO). All these genes were represented as single copies in the genome except the GZMH gene exhibiting interspecific differences in the number of loci. High protein sequence similarities with other camelid and ungulate species were observed for GZMK and GZMM. The protein variability in dromedaries and Bactrian camels was rather low, except for GNLY and chymotrypsin-like granzymes (GZMB, GZMH).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ján Futas
- CEITEC VFU, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic; (J.F.); (J.O.)
- Department of Animal Genetics, Veterinary and Pharmaceutical University, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Oppelt
- CEITEC VFU, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic; (J.F.); (J.O.)
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Division of Neuropathology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6100, USA
| | - Pamela Anna Burger
- Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, Department of Interdisciplinary Life Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1160 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Petr Horin
- CEITEC VFU, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic; (J.F.); (J.O.)
- Department of Animal Genetics, Veterinary and Pharmaceutical University, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Dassanayake RP, Wherry TLT, Falkenberg SM, Reinhardt TA, Casas E, Stabel JR. Bovine NK-lysin-derived peptides have bactericidal effects against Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis. Vet Res 2021; 52:11. [PMID: 33478585 PMCID: PMC7818946 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-021-00893-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection with Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) is complex, but little is known about the role that natural killer (NK) cells play. In the present study, four bovine NK-lysin peptides were synthesized to evaluate their bactericidal activity against MAP. The results demonstrated that bNK-lysin peptides were directly bactericidal against MAP, with bNK1 and bNK2A being more potent than bNK2B and bNK2C. Mechanistically, transmission electron microscopy revealed that the incubation of MAP with bNK2A resulted in extensive damage to cell membranes and cytosolic content leakage. Furthermore, the addition of bNK2A linked with a cell-penetrating peptide resulted in increased MAP killing in a macrophage model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rohana P Dassanayake
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, USA.
| | - Taylor L T Wherry
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.,Infectious Bacterial Diseases Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Shollie M Falkenberg
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Timothy A Reinhardt
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Eduardo Casas
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Judith R Stabel
- Infectious Bacterial Diseases Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhang Q, Zhang X, Liu J, Mao C, Chen S, Zhang Y, Leng L. Identification of copy number variation and population analysis of the sacred lotus ( Nelumbo nucifera). Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2020; 84:2037-2044. [PMID: 32594903 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2020.1786351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The sacred lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) is widely cultured in East Asia for its horticultural, agricultural, and medicinal values. Although many molecular markers had been used to extrapolate population genetics of the sacred lotus, a study of large variations, such as copy number variation (CNV), are absent up to now. In this study, we applied whole-genome re-sequencing to 24 lotus accessions, and use read depth information to genotype and filter original CNV call. Totally 448 duplications and 4,267 deletions were identified in the final CNV set. Further analysis of population structure revealed that the population structure patterns revealed by CNV and SNP are largely consistent with each other. Our result indicated that deep sequencing followed by genotyping is a quick and straightforward way to mine out CNV from the population, and the CNV along with SNP could enable us to better comprehend the biology of the plant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences , Beijing, China
| | - Xueting Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences , Beijing, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences , Beijing, China
| | - Chaoyi Mao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences , Beijing, China
| | - Sha Chen
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences , Beijing, China
| | - Yujun Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences , Beijing, China
| | - Liang Leng
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences , Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
McGill JL, Sacco RE. The Immunology of Bovine Respiratory Disease: Recent Advancements. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 2020; 36:333-348. [PMID: 32327252 PMCID: PMC7170797 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2020.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jodi L McGill
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventative Medicine, Iowa State University, 1907 ISU C-Drive, VMRI Building 5, Ames, IA 50010, USA.
| | - Randy E Sacco
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, Agricultural Research Services, USDA, PO Box 70, 1920 Dayton Avenue, Ames, IA 50010, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhu R, Wu YS, Liu XX, Lv X, Wu YQ, Song JJ, Wang XG. Membrane disruptive antimicrobial potential of NK-lysin from yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 97:571-580. [PMID: 31669280 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
NK-lysins, a type of broad-spectrum antimicrobial peptide (AMP), act as an essential effector of innate defense against microbial attack in higher vertebrates and so in fish. The present study delineates the structural and functional characterization of NK-lysin from yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidrac) (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco). PfNK-lysin encodes a 153-residue peptide, which displays the hallmark features of other known NK-lysins with the ordered array of six well-conserved cysteine residues and five-exon/four-intron structure. It was found to be ubiquitous in tissues, being detected most abundantly in gill and head kidney. In vivo exposure to stimuli (LPS, PolyI:C, and Edwardsiella ictaluri) induced PfNK-lysin expression in head kidney and spleen. Synthetic PfNK-lysin-derived peptide exhibited in vitro bactericidal potency against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, with the highest inhibitory effect on pathogen Edwardsiella ictaluri. Fluorescence microscopy and scanning electron microscopy further confirmed its capacity to cause damage to the bacterial plasma membrane. Taken together, these data suggest that PfNK-lysin might participate in antimicrobial defense of yellow catfish by membrane-disruptive action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430062, China
| | - Yin-Sheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430062, China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430062, China
| | - Xue Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430062, China
| | - Ye-Qing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430062, China
| | - Jing-Jing Song
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430062, China
| | - Xing-Guo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430062, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Hanson MA, Lemaitre B, Unckless RL. Dynamic Evolution of Antimicrobial Peptides Underscores Trade-Offs Between Immunity and Ecological Fitness. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2620. [PMID: 31781114 PMCID: PMC6857651 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a developing interest in how immune genes may function in other physiological roles, and how traditionally non-immune peptides may, in fact, be active in immune contexts. In the absence of infection, the induction of the immune response is costly, and there are well-characterized trade-offs between immune defense and fitness. The agents behind these fitness costs are less understood. Here we implicate antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) as particularly costly effectors of immunity using an evolutionary framework. We describe the independent loss of AMPs in multiple lineages of Diptera (true flies), tying these observations back to life history. We then focus on the intriguing case of the glycine-rich AMP, Diptericin, and find several instances of loss, pseudogenization, and segregating null alleles. We suggest that Diptericin may be a particularly toxic component of the Dipteran immune response lost in flies either with reduced pathogen pressure or other environmental factors. As Diptericins have recently been described to have neurological roles, these findings parallel a developing interest in AMPs as potentially harmful neuropeptides, and AMPs in other roles beyond immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Hanson
- School of Life Science, Global Health Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bruno Lemaitre
- School of Life Science, Global Health Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Robert L Unckless
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Cao L, Wu XM, Nie P, Chang MX. The negative regulation of piscine CD44c in viral and bacterial infection. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 96:135-143. [PMID: 30885554 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
CD44 gene is a cell surface receptor which undergoes complex alternative splicing and extensive post-translational modifications. Although many studies have showed that CD44 is involved in the process of host defense, the function of piscine CD44 in antibacterial or antiviral defense response remains unclear. In the present study, we report the functional characterization of zebrafish CD44c, which is more similar to CD44b antigen isoforms rather than CD44a based on amino acid composition and phylogenetic analysis. The expression of zebrafish CD44c was inducible in response to bacterial and viral infections. During SVCV infection, the in vivo studies revealed that CD44c overexpression led to the increased virus loads and decreased survival rate. The attenuated response by zebrafish CD44c in response to SVCV infection were characterized by the impaired production of inflammatory cytokines and the impaired expressions of IFNs, IFN-stimulated genes, MHC class I and II genes. During Edwardsiella piscicida infection, the overexpression of zebrafish CD44c facilitated bacterial growth and dissemination, but did not impact on larvae survival. The detrimental role of CD44c in host defense against E. piscicida infection was supported by a decreased production of several antibacterial molecules including defbl2, defbl3, NK-lysin and RNase3. All together, these results firstly demonstrate the negative regulation of piscine CD44c in viral and bacterial infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Man Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Pin Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430072, China; Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Xian Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430072, China; Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Synthetic bovine NK-lysin-derived peptide (bNK2A) does not require intra-chain disulfide bonds for bactericidal activity. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218507. [PMID: 31216348 PMCID: PMC6583974 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine NK-lysins are cationic antimicrobial proteins found predominantly in the cytosolic granules of T lymphocytes and NK-cells. NK-lysin-derived peptides show antimicrobial activity against both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. Mature NK-lysin protein has six well-conserved cysteine residues. This study was performed to assess whether synthetic bovine NK-lysin-derived peptide (bNK2A) forms disulfide bonds and whether disulfide bonds were essential for bNK2A antimicrobial activity. Two 30-mer bNK2A peptides were synthesized: one with two original cysteines and an analog with cysteines substituted with two serines. Mass spectrometry revealed lack of disulfide bonds in original peptide while CD spectrophotometry showed both peptides have similar α-helical structures. Since both peptides were equally inhibitory to Histophilus somni, disulfide bonds appeared dispensable for synthetic bNK2A peptide antibacterial activity.
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
I abandoned my original career choice of high school teaching to pursue dentistry and soon abandoned that path for genetics. The latter decision was due to a challenge by a professor that led to me reading Nobel speeches by pioneer geneticists before I had formal exposure to the subject. Even then, I was 15 years into my career before my interest in rodent genomes gave way to mapping cattle genes. Events behind these twists and turns in my career path comprise the first part of this review. The remainder is a review of the development of the field of bovine genomics from my personal perspective. I have had the pleasure of working with outstanding graduate students, postdocs, and colleagues to contribute my small part to a discipline that has evolved from a few individuals mapping an orphan genome to a discipline underlying a revolution in animal breeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James E. (Jim) Womack
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843–4467, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Falco A, Medina-Gali RM, Poveda JA, Bello-Perez M, Novoa B, Encinar JA. Antiviral Activity of a Turbot ( Scophthalmus maximus) NK-Lysin Peptide by Inhibition of Low-pH Virus-Induced Membrane Fusion. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17020087. [PMID: 30717094 PMCID: PMC6410327 DOI: 10.3390/md17020087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Global health is under attack by increasingly-frequent pandemics of viral origin. Antimicrobial peptides are a valuable tool to combat pathogenic microorganisms. Previous studies from our group have shown that the membrane-lytic region of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) NK-lysine short peptide (Nkl71–100) exerts an anti-protozoal activity, probably due to membrane rupture. In addition, NK-lysine protein is highly expressed in zebrafish in response to viral infections. In this work several biophysical methods, such as vesicle aggregation, leakage and fluorescence anisotropy, are employed to investigate the interaction of Nkl71–100 with different glycerophospholipid vesicles. At acidic pH, Nkl71–100 preferably interacts with phosphatidylserine (PS), disrupts PS membranes, and allows the content leakage from vesicles. Furthermore, Nkl71–100 exerts strong antiviral activity against spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) by inhibiting not only the binding of viral particles to host cells, but also the fusion of virus and cell membranes, which requires a low pH context. Such antiviral activity seems to be related to the important role that PS plays in these steps of the replication cycle of SVCV, a feature that is shared by other families of virus-comprising members with health and veterinary relevance. Consequently, Nkl71–100 is shown as a promising broad-spectrum antiviral candidate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Falco
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE) and Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular (IBMC), Miguel Hernández University (UMH); 03202 Elche Alicante, Spain.
| | - Regla María Medina-Gali
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE) and Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular (IBMC), Miguel Hernández University (UMH); 03202 Elche Alicante, Spain.
| | - José Antonio Poveda
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE) and Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular (IBMC), Miguel Hernández University (UMH); 03202 Elche Alicante, Spain.
| | - Melissa Bello-Perez
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE) and Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular (IBMC), Miguel Hernández University (UMH); 03202 Elche Alicante, Spain.
| | - Beatriz Novoa
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 36208 Vigo, Spain.
| | - José Antonio Encinar
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE) and Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular (IBMC), Miguel Hernández University (UMH); 03202 Elche Alicante, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Vollger MR, Dishuck PC, Sorensen M, Welch AE, Dang V, Dougherty ML, Graves-Lindsay TA, Wilson RK, Chaisson MJP, Eichler EE. Long-read sequence and assembly of segmental duplications. Nat Methods 2019; 16:88-94. [PMID: 30559433 PMCID: PMC6382464 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-018-0236-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a computational method based on polyploid phasing of long sequence reads to resolve collapsed regions of segmental duplications within genome assemblies. Segmental Duplication Assembler (SDA; https://github.com/mvollger/SDA ) constructs graphs in which paralogous sequence variants define the nodes and long-read sequences provide attraction and repulsion edges, enabling the partition and assembly of long reads corresponding to distinct paralogs. We apply it to single-molecule, real-time sequence data from three human genomes and recover 33-79 megabase pairs (Mb) of duplications in which approximately half of the loci are diverged (<99.8%) compared to the reference genome. We show that the corresponding sequence is highly accurate (>99.9%) and that the diverged sequence corresponds to copy-number-variable paralogs that are absent from the human reference genome. Our method can be applied to other complex genomes to resolve the last gene-rich gaps, improve duplicate gene annotation, and better understand copy-number-variant genetic diversity at the base-pair level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell R Vollger
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Philip C Dishuck
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Melanie Sorensen
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - AnneMarie E Welch
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Vy Dang
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Max L Dougherty
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Tina A Graves-Lindsay
- The McDonnell Genome Institute at Washington University, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Richard K Wilson
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Evan E Eichler
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Wu N, Wang B, Cui ZW, Zhang XY, Cheng YY, Xu X, Li XM, Wang ZX, Chen DD, Zhang YA. Integrative Transcriptomic and microRNAomic Profiling Reveals Immune Mechanism for the Resilience to Soybean Meal Stress in Fish Gut and Liver. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1154. [PMID: 30246797 PMCID: PMC6140834 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In aquafeeds, fish-meal has been commonly replaced with plant protein, which often causes enteritis. Currently, foodborne enteritis has few solutions in regards to prevention or cures. The recovery mechanism from enteritis in herbivorous fish may further help understand prevention or therapy. However, few reports could be found regarding the recovery or resilience to fish foodborne enteritis. In this study, grass carp was used as an animal model for soybean meal induced enteritis and it was found that the fish could adapt to the soybean meal at a moderate level of substitution. Resilience to soybean meal stress was found in the 40% soybean meal group for juvenile fish at growth performance, morphological and gene expression levels, after a 7-week feeding trial. Furthermore, the intestinal transcriptomic data, including transcriptome and miRNAome, was applied to demonstrate resilience mechanisms. The result of this study revealed that in juvenile grass carp after a 7-week feeding cycle with 40% soybean meal, the intestine recovered via enhancing both an immune tolerance and wound healing, the liver gradually adapted via re-balancing immune responses, such as phagosome and complement cascades. Also, many immune factors in the gut and liver were systemically revealed among stages of on-setting, remising, and recovering (or relief). In addition, miRNA regulation played a key role in switching immune states. Thus, the present data systemically demonstrated that the molecular adaptation mechanism of fish gut-liver immunity is involved in the resilience to soybean meal stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
| | - Biao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Zheng-Wei Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,College of Modern Agriculture Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang-Yang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,College of Modern Agriculture Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying-Yin Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuan Xu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xian-Mei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,College of Modern Agriculture Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao-Xi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,College of Modern Agriculture Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dan-Dan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong-An Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Lee MO, Dobson L, Davis BW, Skow L, Derr J, Womack JE. Genomic Structure and Tissue Expression of the NK-Lysin Gene Family in Bison. J Hered 2018; 109:598-603. [PMID: 29718298 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esy022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a class of natural peptides with varying numbers of amino acids. They are principal components of innate immunity in vertebrates, encoding natural antibiotics and providing a protective response against a broad range of microbes including those responsible for tuberculosis, an important disease in bison. NK-lysins are AMPs that have been described in various organisms and are coded by a single gene in several mammalian species, including human. Recently, we described a family of 4 NK-lysin genes in cattle. Here, we examined NK-lysin genes in bison and identified 4 bison paralogs (NK1, NK2A, NK2B, and NK2C), although the current bison genome assembly annotates only 2 (NK1 and NK2). Sequence and phylogenetic analysis support the triplication of NK2 prior to the most recent common ancestor of bison and cattle. Comparative mapping of bison and cattle paralogs indicates that the NK-lysin family is located on bison chromosome 11 with well-conserved synteny of flanking genes relative to cattle. The 3 bison NK-lysin2 genes share high sequence similarity with each other. RNA-seq analysis demonstrates that NK2A, NK2B, and NK2C are expressed primarily in the lung, whereas NK1 is expressed at low levels in all tissues studied. This tissue expression pattern differs from that previously reported for cattle, suggesting some divergence in function since the evolutionary separation of the 2 species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mi Ok Lee
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX
| | - Lauren Dobson
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX
| | - Brian W Davis
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Loren Skow
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - James Derr
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX
| | - James E Womack
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Antimicrobial activity of bovine NK-lysin-derived peptides on Mycoplasma bovis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197677. [PMID: 29771981 PMCID: PMC5957369 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a diverse group of molecules which play an important role in the innate immune response. Bovine NK-lysins, a type of AMP, have been predominantly found in the granules of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes and NK-cells. Bovine NK-lysin-derived peptides demonstrate antimicrobial activity against various bacterial pathogens, including several involved in bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC) in cattle; however, such studies are yet to be performed with one important contributor to the BRDC, Mycoplasma bovis. Therefore, the goal of this study was to assess the antimicrobial activity of bovine NK-lysin-derived peptides on M. bovis. Thirty-mer synthetic peptides corresponding to the functional region helices 2 and 3 of bovine NK-lysins NK1, NK2A, NK2B, and NK2C were evaluated for killing activity on M. bovis isolates. Among four peptides, NK2A and NK2C showed the highest antimicrobial activity against the M. bovis isolates tested. All four NK-lysin peptides induced rapid plasma membrane depolarization in M. bovis at two concentrations tested. However, based on propidium iodide uptake, only NK2A and NK2C appeared capable of causing structural damage to M. bovis plasma membrane. Confocal microscopy, flow cytometry, and transmission electron microscopy further suggested NK-lysin-induced damage to the plasma membrane. Taken together, the findings in this study suggest that plasma membrane depolarization alone was insufficient to induce lethality, but disruption/permeabilization of the M. bovis plasma membrane was the cause of lethality.
Collapse
|
28
|
Wang GL, Wang MC, Liu YL, Zhang Q, Li CF, Liu PT, Li EZ, Nie P, Xie HX. Identification, expression analysis, and antibacterial activity of NK-lysin from common carp Cyprinus carpio. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 73:11-21. [PMID: 29162543 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Natural killer lysin (NK-lysin), produced by cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells, is a cationic antimicrobial peptide that has a broad antimicrobial spectrum, including bacteria, viruses, and parasites. Nevertheless, the implication of NK-lysin in the protection against bacterial infection is not aware in common carp. In this study, six different NK-lysin genes (nkl1, nkl2, nkl3, nkl4, nkl5 and nkl6) were identified in the common carp genome. Each of the mature peptides of common carp NK-lysin has six well-conserved cysteine residues, and shares a Saposin B domain, characteristic of saposin-like protein (SALIP) family. The gene nkl1 contains 5 extrons and 4 introns, and nkl2, nkl3, nkl4 or nkl5 contains 4 extrons and 3 introns, however, the nkl6 has 3 extrons and 2 introns. By quantitative real-time PCR, nkl2 transcripts were predominantly expressed in spleen of healthy common carp, while elevated mainly in gill and spleen upon Aeromonas hydrophila infection. The recombinant NK-lysin-2 purified from Pichia pastoris shows antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive), and Escherichia coli M15, Aeromonas hydrophila, as well as Edwardsiella tarda (Gram-negative), the latter two are important pathogens of aquaculture. Our results indicate that NK-lysin in common carp might play an important role in fish immune response by enhancing antibacterial defense against bacterial pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gai Ling Wang
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian 463000, Henan, China
| | - Ming Cheng Wang
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian 463000, Henan, China
| | - Ying Li Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Chuan Feng Li
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian 463000, Henan, China
| | - Pan Ting Liu
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian 463000, Henan, China
| | - En Zhong Li
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian 463000, Henan, China
| | - Pin Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430072, China
| | - Hai Xia Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430072, China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Huang Y, Zheng Q, Niu J, Tang J, Wang B, Abarike ED, Lu Y, Cai J, Jian J. NK-lysin from Oreochromis niloticus improves antimicrobial defence against bacterial pathogens. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 72:259-265. [PMID: 29117592 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
NK-lysin, an effector of cytotoxic T cells and natural killer cells, is a potent antimicrobial peptide widely distributed in mammals. Homologues of NK-lysin have been discovered in several teleost species, but only several of their natural functions was recorded so far. Here we identified an NK-lysin from Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), On-NKL, and analysed its expression model and biological effects on pathogen infection. The open reading frame of On-NKL sequence spans 432 bp, codes for 143 amino acids and shares 27%-62% overall sequence identities with NK-lysin of other species. The deduced mature peptide of On-NKL possesses a saposin B domain and six well-conserved cysteine residues that essential for antimicrobial activity by forming three intrachain disulphide bonds. The results of qRT-PCR showed that On-NKL expression was observed in multiple tissues and head kidney leucocytes and nonspecific cytotoxic cells (NCCs) and is most abundant in gills. After bacterial challenge, On-NKL expression significantly varied in different tissues and NCCs. Following bacterial infection, On-NKL-overexpressing fish featured significantly lower pathogen loads in tissues than control fish. On-NKL-overexpressing fish also exhibited 33.3% relative percent survival compare with control groups. Findings suggested that On-NKL could be the potential effector of NCCs and act as immune-related gene that enhances antimicrobial defence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Huang
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Qi Zheng
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Jinzhong Niu
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Jufen Tang
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Bei Wang
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Emmanuel Delwin Abarike
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Yishan Lu
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Jia Cai
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
| | - Jichang Jian
- College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Dassanayake RP, Falkenberg SM, Briggs RE, Tatum FM, Sacco RE. Antimicrobial activity of bovine NK-lysin-derived peptides on bovine respiratory pathogen Histophilus somni. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183610. [PMID: 28827826 PMCID: PMC5565109 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine NK-lysins, which are functionally and structurally similar to human granulysin and porcine NK-lysin, are predominantly found in the granules of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes and NK-cells. Although antimicrobial activity of bovine NK-lysin has been assessed for several bacterial pathogens, not all the important bacterial pathogens that are involved in the bovine respiratory disease complex have been studied. Therefore the objective of the present study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of bovine NK-lysin-derived peptides on bovine respiratory pathogen Histophilus somni. Four, 30-mer peptides corresponding to the functional region of NK-lysin helices 2 and 3 were synthesized and assessed for antibacterial activity on four bovine pneumonic H. somni isolates. Although there were some differences in the efficiency of bactericidal activity among the NK-lysin peptides at lower concentrations (2–5 μM), all four peptides effectively killed most H. somni isolates at higher concentrations (10–30 μM) as determined by a bacterial killing assay. Confocal microscopic and flow cytometric analysis of Live/Dead Baclight stained H. somni (which were preincubated with NK-lysin peptides) were consistent with the killing assay findings and suggest NK-lysin peptides are bactericidal for H. somni. Among the four peptides, NK2A-derived peptide consistently showed the highest antimicrobial activity against all four H. somni isolates. Electron microscopic examination of H. somni following incubation with NK-lysin revealed extensive cell membrane damage, protrusions of outer membranes, and cytoplasmic content leakage. Taken together, the findings from this study clearly demonstrate the antimicrobial activity of all four bovine NK-lysin-derived peptides against bovine H. somni isolates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rohana P. Dassanayake
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Shollie M. Falkenberg
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Robert E. Briggs
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Fred M. Tatum
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Randy E. Sacco
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Chen J, Lee MO, Womack JE. Genetic variation and gene conversions within the bovine NK-lysin gene family. Anim Genet 2016; 48:225-227. [PMID: 27925267 DOI: 10.1111/age.12521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to a single copy of the NK-lysin gene in humans and many other mammals, we previously identified a family of four expressed NK-lysin genes arising by tandem duplications on cattle chromosome 11. Here, we report two genetic variants in the bovine NK-lysin complex with potential importance in the bovine innate immune system. The first one is a 9-bp deletion causing a three-amino-acid deletion in the pro-region of the NK1 gene product. The second is a deletion of NK2B in some Holstein cattle, resulting in copy number variation that is in disequilibrium with a SNP from the bovine 770K HD SNP array. We also show evidence for gene conversions within the three new NK2 genes, which at least partially accounts for their high degree of sequence identity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Chen
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - M O Lee
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - J E Womack
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Chen J, Yang C, Tizioto PC, Huang H, Lee MOK, Payne HR, Lawhon SD, Schroeder F, Taylor JF, Womack JE. Expression of the Bovine NK-Lysin Gene Family and Activity against Respiratory Pathogens. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158882. [PMID: 27409794 PMCID: PMC4943647 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Unlike the genomes of many mammals that have a single NK-lysin gene, the cattle genome contains a family of four genes, one of which is expressed preferentially in the lung. In this study, we compared the expression of the four bovine NK-lysin genes in healthy animals to animals challenged with pathogens known to be associated with bovine respiratory disease (BRD) using transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq). The expression of several NK-lysins, especially NK2C, was elevated in challenged relative to control animals. The effects of synthetic peptides corresponding to functional region helices 2 and 3 of each gene product were tested on both model membranes and bio-membranes. Circular dichroism spectroscopy indicated that these peptides adopted a more helical secondary structure upon binding to an anionic model membrane and liposome leakage assays suggested that these peptides disrupt membranes. Bacterial killing assays further confirmed the antimicrobial effects of these peptides on BRD-associated bacteria, including both Pasteurella multocida and Mannhemia haemolytica and an ultrastructural examination of NK-lysin-treated P. multocida cells by transmission electron microscopy revealed the lysis of target membranes. These studies demonstrate that the expanded bovine NK-lysin gene family is potentially important in host defense against pathogens involved in bovine respiratory disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Chen
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, United States of America
| | - Chingyuan Yang
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, United States of America
| | - Polyana C. Tizioto
- Embrapa Southeast Livestock, São Carlos, Brazil
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, United States of America
| | - Huan Huang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, United States of America
| | - Mi O. K. Lee
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, United States of America
| | - Harold R. Payne
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, United States of America
| | - Sara D. Lawhon
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, United States of America
| | - Friedhelm Schroeder
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, United States of America
| | - Jeremy F. Taylor
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, United States of America
| | - James E. Womack
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|