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Liu X, Yang J, Kong M, Jiang M, Liu L, Zhang J, Chen Y, Chen X, Zhang Z, Wu C, Jiang X, Liu J, Zhang J. CD9 negatively regulates collective electrotaxis of the epidermal monolayer by controlling and coordinating the polarization of leader cells. BURNS & TRAUMA 2023; 11:tkad012. [PMID: 37492637 PMCID: PMC10365154 DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkad012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Background Endogenous electric fields (EFs) play an essential role in guiding the coordinated collective migration of epidermal cells to the wound centre during wound healing. Although polarization of leadercells is essential for collective migration, the signal mechanisms responsible for the EF-induced polarization of leader cells under electrotactic collective migration remain unclear. This study aims to determine how the leader cells are polarized and coordinated during EF-guided collective migration of epidermal cell sheets. Methods Collective migration of the human epidermal monolayer (human immortalized keratinocytes HaCaT) under EFs was observed via time-lapse microscopy. The involvement of tetraspanin-29 (CD9) in EF-induced fibrous actin (F-actin) polarization of leader cells as well as electrotactic migration of the epidermal monolayer was evaluated by genetic manipulation. Blocking, rescue and co-culture experiments were conducted to explore the downstream signalling of CD9. Results EFs guided the coordinated collective migration of the epithelial monolayer to the anode, with dynamic formation of pseudopodia in leader cells at the front edge of the monolayer along the direction of migration. F-actin polarization, as expected, played an essential role in pseudopod formation in leader cells under EFs. By confocal microscopy, we found that CD9 was colocalized with F-actin on the cell surface and was particularly downregulated in leader cells by EFs. Interestingly, genetic overexpression of CD9 abolished EF-induced F-actin polarization in leader cells as well as collective migration in the epidermal monolayer. Mechanistically, CD9 determined the polarization of F-actin in leader cells by downregulating a disintegrin and metalloprotease 17/heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor/epidermal growth factor receptor (ADAM17/HB-EGF/EGFR) signalling. The abolished polarization of leader cells due to CD9 overexpression could be restored in a co-culture monolayer where normal cells and CD9-overexpressing cells were mixed; however, this restoration was eliminated again by the addition of the HB-EGF-neutralizing antibody. Conclusion CD9 functions as a key regulator in the EF-guided collective migration of the epidermal monolayer by controlling and coordinating the polarization of leader cells through ADAM17/HB-EGF/EGFR signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Min Jiang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 29 Gaotan Yan Street, Shapingba, 400038 Chongqing, China
| | - Luojia Liu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 29 Gaotan Yan Street, Shapingba, 400038 Chongqing, China
| | - Jinghong Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 29 Gaotan Yan Street, Shapingba, 400038 Chongqing, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 29 Gaotan Yan Street, Shapingba, 400038 Chongqing, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 29 Gaotan Yan Street, Shapingba, 400038 Chongqing, China
| | - Ze Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 29 Gaotan Yan Street, Shapingba, 400038 Chongqing, China
| | - Chao Wu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 29 Gaotan Yan Street, Shapingba, 400038 Chongqing, China
| | - Xupin Jiang
- Correspondence. Jiaping Zhang, ; Jie Liu, ; Xupin Jiang,
| | - Jie Liu
- Correspondence. Jiaping Zhang, ; Jie Liu, ; Xupin Jiang,
| | - Jiaping Zhang
- Correspondence. Jiaping Zhang, ; Jie Liu, ; Xupin Jiang,
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2
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Ngalim SH, Yusoff N, Johnson RR, Abdul Razak SR, Chen X, Hobbs JK, Lee YY. A review on mechanobiology of cell adhesion networks in different stages of sporadic colorectal cancer to explain its tumorigenesis. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 175:63-72. [PMID: 36116549 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2022.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC) is strongly linked to extraneous factors, like poor diet and lifestyle, but not to inherent factors like familial genetics. The changes at the epigenomics and signalling pathways are known across the sporadic CRC stages. The catch is that temporal information of the onset, the feedback loop, and the crosstalk of signalling and noise are still unclear. This makes it challenging to diagnose and treat colon cancer effectively with no relapse. Various microbial cells and native cells of the colon, contribute to sporadic CRC development. These cells secrete autocrine and paracrine for their bioenergetics and communications with other cell types. Imbalances of the biochemicals affect the epithelial lining of colon. One side of this epithelial lining is interfacing the dense colon tissue, while the other side is exposed to microbiota and excrement from the lumen. Hence, the epithelial lining is prone to tumorigenesis due to the influence of both biochemical and mechanical cues from its complex surrounding. The role of physical transformations in tumorigenesis have been limitedly discussed. In this context, cellular and tissue structures, and force transductions are heavily regulated by cell adhesion networks. These networks include cell anchoring mechanism to the surrounding, cell structural integrity mechanism, and cell effector molecules. This review will focus on the progression of the sporadic CRC stages that are governed by the underlaying cell adhesion networks within the epithelial cells. Additionally, current and potential technologies and therapeutics that target cell adhesion networks for treatments of sporadic CRC will be incorporated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Hawa Ngalim
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) Bertam, 13200 Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia.
| | - Norwahida Yusoff
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) Engineering Campus, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Rayzel Renitha Johnson
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) Bertam, 13200 Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Siti Razila Abdul Razak
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) Bertam, 13200 Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Xinyue Chen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Hounsfield Road, Sheffield, S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Jamie K Hobbs
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Hounsfield Road, Sheffield, S3 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Yeong Yeh Lee
- School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) Kubang Kerian, 16150 Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
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3
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Anggraini D, Ota N, Shen Y, Tang T, Tanaka Y, Hosokawa Y, Li M, Yalikun Y. Recent advances in microfluidic devices for single-cell cultivation: methods and applications. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:1438-1468. [PMID: 35274649 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc01030a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Single-cell analysis is essential to improve our understanding of cell functionality from cellular and subcellular aspects for diagnosis and therapy. Single-cell cultivation is one of the most important processes in single-cell analysis, which allows the monitoring of actual information of individual cells and provides sufficient single-cell clones and cell-derived products for further analysis. The microfluidic device is a fast-rising system that offers efficient, effective, and sensitive single-cell cultivation and real-time single-cell analysis conducted either on-chip or off-chip. Here, we introduce the importance of single-cell cultivation from the aspects of cellular and subcellular studies. We highlight the materials and structures utilized in microfluidic devices for single-cell cultivation. We further discuss biological applications utilizing single-cell cultivation-based microfluidics, such as cellular phenotyping, cell-cell interactions, and omics profiling. Finally, present limitations and future prospects of microfluidics for single-cell cultivation are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian Anggraini
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara 630-0192, Japan.
| | - Nobutoshi Ota
- Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), RIKEN, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yigang Shen
- Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), RIKEN, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Tao Tang
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara 630-0192, Japan.
| | - Yo Tanaka
- Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), RIKEN, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoichiroh Hosokawa
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara 630-0192, Japan.
| | - Ming Li
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney 2122, Australia.
| | - Yaxiaer Yalikun
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara 630-0192, Japan.
- Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), RIKEN, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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4
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Choi D, Gonzalez Z, Ho SY, Bermudez A, Lin NY. Cell-cell adhesion impacts epithelia response to substrate stiffness: Morphology and gene expression. Biophys J 2022; 121:336-346. [PMID: 34864047 PMCID: PMC8790207 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2021.11.2887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Monolayer epithelial cells interact constantly with the substrate they reside on and their surrounding neighbors. As such, the properties of epithelial cells are profoundly governed by the mechanical and molecular cues that arise from both the substrate and contiguous cell neighbors. Although both cell-substrate and cell-cell interactions have been studied individually, these results are difficult to apply to native confluent epithelia, in which both jointly regulate the cell phenotype. Specifically, it remains poorly understood about the intertwined contributions from intercellular adhesion and substrate stiffness on cell morphology and gene expression, two essential microenvironment properties. Here, by adjusting the substrate modulus and altering the intercellular adhesion within confluent kidney epithelia, we found that cell-substrate and cell-cell interactions can mask each other's influence. For example, we found that epithelial cells exhibit an elongated morphological phenotype only when the substrate modulus and intercellular adhesions are both reduced, whereas their motility can be upregulated by either reduction. These results illustrate that combinatorial changes of the physical microenvironment are required to alter cell morphology and gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Choi
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California,Corresponding author
| | - Zachary Gonzalez
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Sum Yat Ho
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Alexandra Bermudez
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California,Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Neil Y.C. Lin
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California,Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California,Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, University of California, Los Angeles
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5
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Zhang Y, Wang X, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Wang D, Yu X, Wang H, Bai Z, Jiang YC, Li X, Zheng W, Li Q. Endothelial Cell Migration Regulated by Surface Topography of Poly(ε-caprolactone) Nanofibers. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:4959-4970. [PMID: 34543012 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The study of cell migration on biomaterials is of great significance in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. In recent years, there has been increasing evidence that the physical properties of the extracellular matrix (ECM), such as surface topography, affect various cellular behaviors such as proliferation, adhesion, and migration. However, the biological mechanism of surface topography influencing cellular behavior is still unclear. In this study, we prepared polycaprolactone (PCL) fibrous materials with different surface microstructures by solvent casting, electrospinning, and self-induced crystallization. The corresponding topographical structure obtained is a two-dimensional (2D) flat surface, 2.5-dimensional (2.5D) fibers, and three-dimensional (3D) fibers with a multilevel microstructure. We then investigated the effects of the complex topographical structure on endothelial cell migration. Our study demonstrates that cells can sense the changes of micro- and nanomorphology on the surface of materials, adapt to the physical environment through biochemical reactions, and regulate actin polymerization and directional migration through Rac1 and Cdc42. The cells on the nanofibers are elongated spindles, and the positive feedback of cell adhesion and actin polymerization along the fiber direction makes the plasma membrane continue to protrude, promoting cell polarization and directional migration. This study might provide new insights into the biomaterial design, especially those used for artificial vascular grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, National Center for International Research of Micro-Nano Molding Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, National Center for International Research of Micro-Nano Molding Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, National Center for International Research of Micro-Nano Molding Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yajing Liu
- School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, National Center for International Research of Micro-Nano Molding Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Dongfang Wang
- School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, National Center for International Research of Micro-Nano Molding Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xueke Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Haonan Wang
- School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, National Center for International Research of Micro-Nano Molding Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhiyuan Bai
- School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, National Center for International Research of Micro-Nano Molding Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yong-Chao Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xiaomeng Li
- School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, National Center for International Research of Micro-Nano Molding Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Engineering and Technology Department, University of Wisconsin-STOUT, Menomonie, Wisconsin 54751, United States
| | - Qian Li
- School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, National Center for International Research of Micro-Nano Molding Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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6
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Khair AS. Two-cell interactions in autologous chemotaxis. Phys Rev E 2021; 104:024404. [PMID: 34525511 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.104.024404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
An advection-diffusion-reaction model for autologous chemotaxis of two cells in an interstitial flow is analyzed. Each cell secretes ligands uniformly over its surface; the ligands are absorbed by surface receptors anisotropically due to the flow and interaction between ligand fields around each cell. The absorption is quantified in terms of a vectorial anisotropy parameter, A, which is proportional to the first moment of the ligand concentration field about the surface of each cell. We consider the physiologically relevant limit of a weak interstitial flow, where the Péclet number, Pe, which characterizes the relative importance of ligand transport via advection to diffusion, is small. We further assume that the cells are separated at a distance that is large compared to the sum of their radii. These conditions allow us to utilize a reciprocal theorem and the method of reflections to construct an asymptotic approximation for A to first order in Pe for widely separated cells. We find that interactions between the cells: (i) reduce the flow-aligned ligand anisotropy around each cell and (ii) lead to a component of A that is perpendicular to the flow direction. The interaction is long ranged, decaying with the inverse distance between cells to leading order. We finally discuss how interactions between multiple cells could affect our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya S Khair
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15213, USA
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7
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Hu K, Yang L, Jin D, Li J, Ji S, Xin C, Hu Y, Wu D, Zhang L, Chu J. Tunable microfluidic device fabricated by femtosecond structured light for particle and cell manipulation. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:3988-3996. [PMID: 31663093 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00759h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Smart devices made of stimuli-responsive (SR) hydrogel can realize accurate shape control with high repeatability attributed to their fast swelling and shrinking upon the change of external stimuli. Integrating these devices into microfluidic chips and utilizing their controllable deformation capability are highly promising approaches to enrich the functions of microfluidic devices and reduce their external apparatuses. Herein we propose and demonstrate a tunable microfluidic device (TMFD) by integrating a pH-sensitive hydrogel microring array into a microchannel. Instantaneous and reversible deformation of the microrings can be finished in less than 200 ms. The array gaps of the microrings are reversibly switched to realize the capture or release of microobjects. In addition, a femtosecond laser holographic processing method is firstly used to pattern and integrate the pH-sensitive hydrogel microrings into a microchannel, and the pH-responsive properties of the hydrogel affected by laser processing dosages are theoretically and experimentally investigated. With this method, the height, diameter (6-16 μm), swelling ratio (35-65%), and diameter change (2-5 μm) can be precisely controlled. As a proof of concept, the filtering of polystyrene particles with multiple sizes and complete trapping of PS particles and cells are demonstrated by these TMFDs. The developed TMFD can be easily integrated by the femtosecond laser holographic processing method, and operates robustly without the need for external precision apparatuses, which hold great promise in the applications of microobject manipulation and biomedical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Hu
- Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Liang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Dongdong Jin
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Jiawen Li
- Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Shengyun Ji
- Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Chen Xin
- Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Yanlei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Dong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Jiaru Chu
- Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
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8
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Lozano C, Bechinger C. Diffusing wave paradox of phototactic particles in traveling light pulses. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2495. [PMID: 31175288 PMCID: PMC6555803 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10535-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells navigate through complex surroundings by following cues from their environment. A prominent example is Dictyostelium, which is directed by chemotaxis towards regions with higher concentrations. In the presence of traveling chemical waves, however, amoebae migrate counter to the running wave. Such behavior, referred to as diffusing wave paradox, suggests the existence of adaptation and directional memory. Here we experimentally investigate the response of phototactic self-propelled microparticles to traveling light-pulses. Despite their entirely memory-less (i.e., strictly local) response to the environment, we observe the same phenomenological behavior, i.e., particle motion counter to the pulse direction. Our findings are supported by a minimal model which considers active particle reorientations within local light gradients. The complex and robust behavior of synthetic active particles to spatially and temporally varying stimuli enables new strategies for achieving collective behavior and can be used for the design of micro-robotic systems with limited signal-processing capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Lozano
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Konstanz, D-78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Clemens Bechinger
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Konstanz, D-78457, Konstanz, Germany.
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9
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Rap1 Negatively Regulates the Hippo Pathway to Polarize Directional Protrusions in Collective Cell Migration. Cell Rep 2019; 22:2160-2175. [PMID: 29466741 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.01.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In collective cell migration, directional protrusions orient cells in response to external cues, which requires coordinated polarity among the migrating cohort. However, the molecular mechanism has not been well defined. Drosophila border cells (BCs) migrate collectively and invade via the confined space between nurse cells, offering an in vivo model to examine how group polarity is organized. Here, we show that the front/back polarity of BCs requires Rap1, hyperactivation of which disrupts cluster polarity and induces misoriented protrusions and loss of asymmetry in the actin network. Conversely, hypoactive Rap1 causes fewer protrusions and cluster spinning during migration. A forward genetic screen revealed that downregulation of the Hippo (Hpo) pathway core components hpo or mats enhances the Rap1V12-induced migration defect and misdirected protrusions. Mechanistically, association of Rap1V12 with the kinase domain of Hpo suppresses its activity, which releases Hpo signaling-mediated suppression of F-actin elongation, promoting cellular protrusions in collective cell migration.
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10
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Multicellular Models Bridging Intracellular Signaling and Gene Transcription to Population Dynamics. Processes (Basel) 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/pr6110217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell signaling and gene transcription occur at faster time scales compared to cellular death, division, and evolution. Bridging these multiscale events in a model is computationally challenging. We introduce a framework for the systematic development of multiscale cell population models. Using message passing interface (MPI) parallelism, the framework creates a population model from a single-cell biochemical network model. It launches parallel simulations on a single-cell model and treats each stand-alone parallel process as a cell object. MPI mediates cell-to-cell and cell-to-environment communications in a server-client fashion. In the framework, model-specific higher level rules link the intracellular molecular events to cellular functions, such as death, division, or phenotype change. Cell death is implemented by terminating a parallel process, while cell division is carried out by creating a new process (daughter cell) from an existing one (mother cell). We first demonstrate these capabilities by creating two simple example models. In one model, we consider a relatively simple scenario where cells can evolve independently. In the other model, we consider interdependency among the cells, where cellular communication determines their collective behavior and evolution under a temporally evolving growth condition. We then demonstrate the framework’s capability by simulating a full-scale model of bacterial quorum sensing, where the dynamics of a population of bacterial cells is dictated by the intercellular communications in a time-evolving growth environment.
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11
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Copenhagen K, Malet-Engra G, Yu W, Scita G, Gov N, Gopinathan A. Frustration-induced phases in migrating cell clusters. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:eaar8483. [PMID: 30214934 PMCID: PMC6135545 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aar8483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Certain malignant cancer cells form clusters in a chemoattractant gradient, which can spontaneously show three different phases of motion: translational, rotational, and random. Guided by our experiments on the motion of two-dimensional clusters in vitro, we developed an agent-based model in which the cells form a cohesive cluster due to attractive and alignment interactions. We find that when cells at the cluster rim are more motile, all three phases of motion coexist, in agreement with our observations. Using the model, we show that the transitions between different phases are driven by competition between an ordered rim and a disordered core accompanied by the creation and annihilation of topological defects in the velocity field. The model makes specific predictions, which we verify with our experimental data. Our results suggest that heterogeneous behavior of individuals, based on local environment, can lead to novel, experimentally observed phases of collective motion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gema Malet-Engra
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology (DIPO), School of Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- IFOM Foundation, Institute FIRC (Fondazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro) of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Weimiao Yu
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Giorgio Scita
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology (DIPO), School of Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- IFOM Foundation, Institute FIRC (Fondazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro) of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Nir Gov
- Department of Chemical Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Corresponding author. (N.G.); (A.G.)
| | - Ajay Gopinathan
- Department of Physics, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA 95343, USA
- Corresponding author. (N.G.); (A.G.)
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12
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Pham QL, Rodrigues LN, Maximov MA, Chandran VD, Bi C, Chege D, Dijamco T, Stein E, Tong NAN, Basuray S, Voronov RS. Cell Sequence and Mitosis Affect Fibroblast Directional Decision-Making During Chemotaxis in Microfluidic Mazes. Cell Mol Bioeng 2018; 11:483-494. [PMID: 31719895 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-018-0551-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Directed fibroblast migration is central to highly proliferative processes in regenerative medicine and developmental biology. However, the mechanisms by which single fibroblasts affect each other's directional decisions, while chemotaxing in microscopic pores, are not well understood. Methods We explored effects of cell sequence and mitosis on fibroblast platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB)-induced migration in microfluidic mazes with two possible through paths: short and long. Additionally, image-based modeling of the chemoattractant's diffusion, consumption and decay, was used to explain the experimental observations. Results It both cases, the cells displayed behavior that is contradictory to expectation based on the global chemoattractant gradient pre-established in the maze. In case of the sequence, the cells tend to alternate when faced with a bifurcation: if a leading cell takes the shorter (steeper gradient) path, the cell following it chooses the longer (weaker gradient) path, and vice versa. Image-based modeling of the process showed that the local PDGF-BB consumption by the individual fibroblasts may be responsible for this phenomenon. Additionally, it was found that when a mother cell divides, its two daughters go in opposite directions (even if it means migrating against the chemoattractant gradient and overcoming on-going cell traffic). Conclusions It is apparent that micro-confined fibroblasts modify each other's directional decisions in a manner that is counter-intuitive to what is expected from classical chemotaxis theory. Consequently, accounting for these effects could lead to a better understanding of tissue generation in vivo, and result in more advanced engineered tissue products in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quang Long Pham
- Otto H. York Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102 USA
| | - Lydia N Rodrigues
- Otto H. York Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102 USA
| | - Max A Maximov
- Otto H. York Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102 USA
| | - Vishnu Deep Chandran
- Otto H. York Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102 USA
| | - Cheng Bi
- Otto H. York Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102 USA
| | - David Chege
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102 USA
| | - Timothy Dijamco
- Computer Science Dept., New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102 USA
| | - Elisabeth Stein
- Otto H. York Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102 USA
| | - Nhat Anh Nguyen Tong
- Otto H. York Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102 USA
| | - Sagnik Basuray
- Otto H. York Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102 USA
| | - Roman S Voronov
- Otto H. York Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102 USA
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13
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Muzzio NE, Carballido M, Pasquale MA, González PH, Azzaroni O, Arvia AJ. Morphology and dynamics of tumor cell colonies propagating in epidermal growth factor supplemented media. Phys Biol 2018; 15:046001. [PMID: 29624182 DOI: 10.1088/1478-3975/aabc2f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor (EGF) plays a key role in physiological and pathological processes. This work reports on the influence of EGF concentration (c EGF) on the modulation of individual cell phenotype and cell colony kinetics with the aim of perturbing the colony front roughness fluctuations. For this purpose, HeLa cell colonies that remain confluent along the whole expansion process with initial quasi-radial geometry and different initial cell populations, as well as colonies with initial quasi-linear geometry and large cell population, are employed. Cell size and morphology as well as its adhesive characteristics depend on c EGF. Quasi-radial colonies (QRC) expansion kinetics in EGF-containing medium exhibits a complex behavior. Namely, at the first stages of growth, the average QRC radius evolution can be described by a t 1/2 diffusion term coupled with exponential growth kinetics up to a critical time, and afterwards a growth regime approaching constant velocity. The extension of each regime depends on c EGF and colony history. In the presence of EGF, the initial expansion of quasi-linear colonies (QLCs) also exhibits morphological changes at both the cell and the colony levels. In these cases, the cell density at the colony border region becomes smaller than in the absence of EGF and consequently, the extension of the effective rim where cell duplication and motility contribute to the colony expansion increases. QLC front displacement velocity increases with c EGF up to a maximum value in the 2-10 ng ml-1 range. Individual cell velocity is increased by EGF, and an enhancement in both the persistence and the ballistic characteristics of cell trajectories can be distinguished. For an intermediate c EGF, collective cell displacements contribute to the roughening of the colony contours. This global dynamics becomes compatible with the standard Kardar-Parisi-Zhang growth model, although a faster colony roughness saturation in EGF-containing medium than in the control medium is observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- N E Muzzio
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), CONICET, Sucursal 4, Casilla de Correo 16, 1900, La Plata, Argentina
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Szabó A, Mayor R. Modelling collective cell migration of neural crest. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2016; 42:22-28. [PMID: 27085004 PMCID: PMC5017515 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2016.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Collective cell migration has emerged in the recent decade as an important phenomenon in cell and developmental biology and can be defined as the coordinated and cooperative movement of groups of cells. Most studies concentrate on tightly connected epithelial tissues, even though collective migration does not require a constant physical contact. Movement of mesenchymal cells is more independent, making their emergent collective behaviour less intuitive and therefore lending importance to computational modelling. Here we focus on such modelling efforts that aim to understand the collective migration of neural crest cells, a mesenchymal embryonic population that migrates large distances as a group during early vertebrate development. By comparing different models of neural crest migration, we emphasize the similarity and complementary nature of these approaches and suggest a future direction for the field. The principles derived from neural crest modelling could aid understanding the collective migration of other mesenchymal cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- András Szabó
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Roberto Mayor
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
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