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Hassan EA, Elsaid AM, Abou-Elzahab MM, El-Refaey AM, Elmougy R, Youssef MM. The Potential Impact of MYH9 (rs3752462) and ELMO1 (rs741301) Genetic Variants on the Risk of Nephrotic Syndrome Incidence. Biochem Genet 2024; 62:1304-1324. [PMID: 37594641 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-023-10481-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
The kidney lost a lot of protein in the urine when you have nephrotic syndrome (NS). Clinical manifestations mostly common in NS include massive proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome is currently classified into steroid-dependent (SDNS) and steroid-resistant (SRNS) based on the initial response to corticosteroid therapy at presentation. Several reports examined the association of the MYH9 gene (rs3752462, C > T) variant and ELMO1 gene (rs741301 G > A) variant as risk factors for Nephrotic Syndrome. This study aimed to determine the potential effect of the MYH9 gene (rs3752462, C > T) and ELMO1 gene (rs741301) variant on the risk of (NS) among Egyptian Children. This study included two hundred participants involving 100 nephrotic syndrome (NS) cases and 100 healthy controls free from nephrotic syndrome (NS). The MYH9 gene (rs3752462, C > T) variant and ELMO1 gene (rs G > A741301) variant were analyzed by ARMS-PCR technique. Nephrotic syndrome cases include 74% SRNS and 26% SDNS. Higher frequencies of the heterozygous carrier (CT) and homozygous variant (TT) genotypes of the MYH9 (rs3752462, C > T) variant were observed in NS patients compared to the controls with p-value < 0.001. The frequencies of the MYH9 (rs3752462, C > T variant indicated a statistically significant elevated risk of NS under various genetic models, including allelic model (OR 2.85, p < 0.001), dominant (OR 3.97, p < 0.001) models, and the recessive model OR 5.94, p < 0.001). Higher frequencies of the heterozygous carrier (GA) and homozygous variant (AA) genotypes of ELMO1gene (rs G > A741301) variant were observed in NS patients compared to the controls with p-value < 0.001. The frequencies of the ELMO1 (rs G > A741301) variant indicated a statistically significant elevated risk of NS under various genetic models, including allelic model (OR 2.15, p < 0.001), dominant models (OR 2.8, p < 0.001), and the recessive model (OR 4.17, p = 0.001). Both MYH9 and ELMO1 gene variants are significantly different in NS in comparison with the control group (p < 0.001). The MYH9 gene (rs3752462, C > T) and ELMO1gene (rs G > A741301) variants were considered independent risk factors for NS among Egyptian Children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eglal A Hassan
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Afaf M Elsaid
- Genetic Unit, Children Hospital, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - M M Abou-Elzahab
- Organic Chemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty Of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M El-Refaey
- Department of Pediatrics, Mansoura University Childrens Hospital, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Rehab Elmougy
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Magdy M Youssef
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Hu X, Chen S, Ye S, Chen W, Zhou Y. New insights into the role of immunity and inflammation in diabetic kidney disease in the omics era. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1342837. [PMID: 38487541 PMCID: PMC10937589 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1342837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is becoming the leading cause of chronic kidney disease, especially in the industrialized world. Despite mounting evidence has demonstrated that immunity and inflammation are highly involved in the pathogenesis and progression of DKD, the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Substantial molecules, signaling pathways, and cell types participate in DKD inflammation, by integrating into a complex regulatory network. Most of the studies have focused on individual components, without presenting their importance in the global or system-based processes, which largely hinders clinical translation. Besides, conventional technologies failed to monitor the different behaviors of resident renal cells and immune cells, making it difficult to understand their contributions to inflammation in DKD. Recently, the advancement of omics technologies including genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics has revolutionized biomedical research, which allows an unbiased global analysis of changes in DNA, RNA, proteins, and metabolites in disease settings, even at single-cell and spatial resolutions. They help us to identify critical regulators of inflammation processes and provide an overview of cell heterogeneity in DKD. This review aims to summarize the application of multiple omics in the field of DKD and emphasize the latest evidence on the interplay of inflammation and DKD revealed by these technologies, which will provide new insights into the role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of DKD and lead to the development of novel therapeutic approaches and diagnostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrong Hu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Nephrology, National Health Commission and Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sixiu Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Nephrology, National Health Commission and Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siyang Ye
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Nephrology, National Health Commission and Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Nephrology, National Health Commission and Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Nephrology, National Health Commission and Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
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Azarboo A, Hosseinkhani S, Ghaseminejad-Raeini A, Aazami H, Mohammadi SM, Zeidi S, Razi F, Bandarian F. Association between ELMO1 gene polymorphisms and diabetic kidney disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0295607. [PMID: 38277369 PMCID: PMC10817128 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research has suggested that the ELMO1 gene may play a role in the development of diabetic kidney disease. Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a serious complication of diabetes and the leading cause of chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE This study aim was to systematically review and explore the association between ELMO1 gene polymorphisms and diabetic kidney disease. A comprehensive systematic review provides a clear conclusion and high-level evidence for the association between ELMO1 gene and DKD for future application in personalized medicine. METHODS A comprehensive search of electronic databases, per PRISMA instructions, was conducted in Scopus, EMBASE, Web of Science, and PubMed databases from 1980 to January 2023. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using appropriate models. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed to explore potential sources of heterogeneity and assess the robustness of the findings. RESULTS A total of 5794 diabetes patients with DKD, 4886 diabetes patients without DKD, and 2023 healthy controls were included in the 17 studies that made up this systematic review. In the investigation of DM (Diabetes Mellitus) with DKD vs. DM without DKD, the susceptibility for DKD for the EMLO1 rs741301 polymorphism indicated a significant difference under the dominant, homozygote, and recessive genetic models. The susceptibility for DKD for the EMLO1 rs1345365, rs10255208, and rs7782979 polymorphisms demonstrated a significant difference under the allele genetic models in the analysis of DM with DKD vs. DM without DKD groups. There was a considerable increase in DKD risk in the Middle East when the population was stratified by the region. CONCLUSION The findings of the meta-analysis show that there are a significant connection between the EMLO1 rs741301 polymorphism and DKD susceptibility in overall analyses; as well as rs1345365, rs10255208, and rs7782979 polymorphisms; especially in the Middle East region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Azarboo
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shaghayegh Hosseinkhani
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Ghaseminejad-Raeini
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Aazami
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sayed Mohammad Mohammadi
- Evidence Based Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saba Zeidi
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farideh Razi
- Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Bandarian
- Metabolomics and Genomics Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Boger M, Bennewitz K, Wohlfart DP, Hausser I, Sticht C, Poschet G, Kroll J. Comparative Morphological, Metabolic and Transcriptome Analyses in elmo1−/−, elmo2−/−, and elmo3−/− Zebrafish Mutants Identified a Functional Non-Redundancy of the Elmo Proteins. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:918529. [PMID: 35874819 PMCID: PMC9304559 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.918529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The ELMO protein family consists of the homologues ELMO1, ELMO2 and ELMO3. Several studies have shown that the individual ELMO proteins are involved in a variety of cellular and developmental processes. However, it has poorly been understood whether the Elmo proteins show similar functions and act redundantly. To address this question, elmo1−/−, elmo2−/− and elmo3−/− zebrafish were generated and a comprehensive comparison of the phenotypic changes in organ morphology, transcriptome and metabolome was performed in these mutants. The results showed decreased fasting and increased postprandial blood glucose levels in adult elmo1−/−, as well as a decreased vascular formation in the adult retina in elmo1−/−, but an increased vascular formation in the adult elmo3−/− retina. The phenotypical comparison provided few similarities, as increased Bowman space areas in adult elmo1−/− and elmo2−/− kidneys, an increased hyaloid vessel diameter in elmo1−/− and elmo3−/− and a transcriptional downregulation of the vascular development in elmo1−/−, elmo2−/−, and elmo3−/− zebrafish larvae. Besides this, elmo1−/−, elmo2−/−, and elmo3−/− zebrafish exhibited several distinct changes in the vascular and glomerular structure and in the metabolome and the transcriptome. Especially, elmo3−/− zebrafish showed extensive differences in the larval transcriptome and an impaired survivability. Together, the data demonstrated that the three zebrafish Elmo proteins regulate not only similar but also divergent biological processes and mechanisms and show a low functional redundancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike Boger
- Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Katrin Bennewitz
- Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - David Philipp Wohlfart
- Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ingrid Hausser
- Institute of Pathology IPH, EM Lab, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carsten Sticht
- NGS Core Facility, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Gernot Poschet
- Metabolomics Core Technology Platform, Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jens Kroll
- Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- *Correspondence: Jens Kroll,
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Tocci S, Ibeawuchi SR, Das S, Sayed IM. Role of ELMO1 in inflammation and cancer-clinical implications. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2022; 45:505-525. [PMID: 35668246 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-022-00680-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Engulfment and cell motility protein 1 (ELMO1) is a key protein for innate immunity since it is required for the clearance of apoptotic cells and pathogenic bacteria as well as for the control of inflammatory responses. ELMO1, through binding with Dock180 and activation of the Rac1 signaling pathway, plays a significant role in cellular shaping and motility. Rac-mediated actin cytoskeletal rearrangement is essential for bacterial phagocytosis, but also plays a crucial role in processes such as cancer cell invasion and metastasis. While the role of ELMO1 in bacterial infection and inflammatory responses is well established, its implication in cancer is not widely explored yet. Molecular changes or epigenetic alterations such as DNA methylation, which ultimately leads to alterations in gene expression and deregulation of cellular signaling, has been reported for ELMO1 in different cancer types. CONCLUSIONS In this review, we provide an updated and comprehensive summary of the roles of ELMO1 in infection, inflammatory diseases and cancer. We highlight the possible mechanisms regulated by ELMO1 that are relevant for cancer development and progression and provide insight into the possible use of ELMO1 as a diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Tocci
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Soumita Das
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Ibrahim M Sayed
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. .,Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
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El Nahid MS, Al-Ganiny AFM, Youssef RN. Association between engulfment and cell motility 1-gene polymorphisms and diabetic nephropathy in an Egyptian population with type 2 diabetes. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2022; 21:439-444. [PMID: 35673516 PMCID: PMC9167388 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-022-00990-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Engulfment and cell motility 1 (ELMO1), is a candidate gene responsible for cell motility and phagocytosis. However, its role in the development and progression of nephropathy attributed to T2D is still unknown. Kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) plays a significant role in renal regeneration processes. The current study aimed to evaluate the association between kidney injury molecule-1 levels, ELMO1 gene polymorphism (rs741301, and rs1345365) as well as DN in an Egyptian population with T2D. Methods In this study, we enrolled 89 participants from the internal medicine outpatient clinic, 23 T2DM without DN, 22 with DN, and 44 control subjects. They were genotyped by real-time PCR. Serum level of KIM-1 was detected by ELISA. Results Serum KIM-1 level was correlated with DM duration, HbA1C, and UACR (P value <0.001) in T2D. There was no significant difference in the allelic and genotypic frequencies of rs741301 and rs1345365 between participants with DM who presented with albuminuria and those without. Results showed that rs1345365A/rs741301T and rs1345365G/rs741301C haplotypes were more common in patients with T2D than in HCs. However, the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.262 and 0.414, respectively). Conclusions KIM-1 can be a useful non-invasive biomarker for detecting early DN. The association between ELMO1 gene polymorphisms and the risk of DN in patients with T2D was not validated. Therefore, further studies with a larger sample size must be conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maggie S. El Nahid
- Department of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Rasha Nazih Youssef
- Department of Clinical & Chemical Pathology, National Research Centre (NRC), Cairo, 12622 Egypt
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Mu X, Yang M, Ling P, Wu A, Zhou H, Jiang J. Acylcarnitines: Can They Be Biomarkers of Diabetic Nephropathy? Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2022; 15:247-256. [PMID: 35125878 PMCID: PMC8811266 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s350233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN), one of the most serious microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus (DM), may progress to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Current biochemical biomarkers, such as urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER), have limitations for early screening and monitoring of DN. Recent studies have identified some metabolites as candidate biomarkers for early detection of DN. In this review, we summarize the role of dysregulated acylcarnitines (AcylCNs) in DN pathophysiology. Lower abundance of short- and medium-chain AcylCNs and higher long-chain AcylCNs often occurred in DM with normal albuminuria and microalbuminuria, compared with advanced stages of DN. The increase of long-chain AcylCNs was supposed to be an adaptive compensation in fat acids (FAs) oxidation in the early stage of DN. Conversely, the decrease of long-chain AcylCNs was due to incomplete oxidation of FAs in advanced stage of DN. Thus, AcylCNs may serve as sensitive biomarkers in predicting the risk of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodie Mu
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peiyao Ling
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Aihua Wu
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hua Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213003, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Hua Zhou; Jingting Jiang, Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213003, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 0519 68872082, Email ;
| | - Jingting Jiang
- Department of Tumor Biological Treatment, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213003, People’s Republic of China
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Xue R, Wang Y, Wang T, Lyu M, Mo G, Fan X, Li J, Yen K, Yu S, Liu Q, Xu J. Functional Verification of Novel ELMO1 Variants by Live Imaging in Zebrafish. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:723804. [PMID: 34993193 PMCID: PMC8724260 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.723804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
ELMO1 (Engulfment and Cell Motility1) is a gene involved in regulating cell motility through the ELMO1-DOCK2-RAC complex. Contrary to DOCK2 (Dedicator of Cytokinesis 2) deficiency, which has been reported to be associated with immunodeficiency diseases, variants of ELMO1 have been associated with autoimmune diseases, such as diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). To explore the function of ELMO1 in immune cells and to verify the functions of novel ELMO1 variants in vivo, we established a zebrafish elmo1 mutant model. Live imaging revealed that, similar to mammals, the motility of neutrophils and T-cells was largely attenuated in zebrafish mutants. Consequently, the response of neutrophils to injury or bacterial infection was significantly reduced in the mutants. Furthermore, the reduced mobility of neutrophils could be rescued by the expression of constitutively activated Rac proteins, suggesting that zebrafish elmo1 mutant functions via a conserved mechanism. With this mutant, three novel human ELMO1 variants were transiently and specifically expressed in zebrafish neutrophils. Two variants, p.E90K (c.268G>A) and p.D194G (c.581A>G), could efficiently recover the motility defect of neutrophils in the elmo1 mutant; however, the p.R354X (c.1060C>T) variant failed to rescue the mutant. Based on those results, we identified that zebrafish elmo1 plays conserved roles in cell motility, similar to higher vertebrates. Using the transient-expression assay, zebrafish elmo1 mutants could serve as an effective model for human variant verification in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongtao Xue
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Mei Lyu
- Laboratory of Immunology and Regeneration, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guiling Mo
- GuangZhou KingMed Center For Clinical Laboratory Co., Ltd., International Biotech Island, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xijie Fan
- GuangZhou KingMed Center For Clinical Laboratory Co., Ltd., International Biotech Island, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianchao Li
- Laboratory of Molecular and Structural Biology, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kuangyu Yen
- Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Kuangyu Yen, ; Shihui Yu, ; Qifa Liu, ; Jin Xu,
| | - Shihui Yu
- GuangZhou KingMed Center For Clinical Laboratory Co., Ltd., International Biotech Island, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Kuangyu Yen, ; Shihui Yu, ; Qifa Liu, ; Jin Xu,
| | - Qifa Liu
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Kuangyu Yen, ; Shihui Yu, ; Qifa Liu, ; Jin Xu,
| | - Jin Xu
- Laboratory of Immunology and Regeneration, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Kuangyu Yen, ; Shihui Yu, ; Qifa Liu, ; Jin Xu,
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Development of Biomarkers and Molecular Therapy Based on Inflammatory Genes in Diabetic Nephropathy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189985. [PMID: 34576149 PMCID: PMC8465809 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic Nephropathy (DN) is a debilitating consequence of both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes affecting the kidney and renal tubules leading to End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD). As diabetes is a world epidemic and almost half of diabetic patients develop DN in their lifetime, a large group of people is affected. Due to the complex nature of the disease, current diagnosis and treatment are not adequate to halt disease progression or provide an effective cure. DN is now considered a manifestation of inflammation where inflammatory molecules regulate most of the renal physiology. Recent advances in genetics and genomic technology have identified numerous susceptibility genes that are associated with DN, many of which have inflammatory functions. Based on their role in DN, we will discuss the current aspects of developing biomarkers and molecular therapy for advancing precision medicine.
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TNF-α-mediated m 6A modification of ELMO1 triggers directional migration of mesenchymal stem cell in ankylosing spondylitis. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5373. [PMID: 34508078 PMCID: PMC8433149 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25710-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a type of rheumatic disease characterized by chronic inflammation and pathological osteogenesis in the entheses. Previously, we demonstrated that enhanced osteogenic differentiation of MSC from AS patients (AS-MSC) resulted in pathological osteogenesis, and that during the enhanced osteogenic differentiation course, AS-MSC induced TNF-α-mediated local inflammation. However, whether TNF-α in turn affects AS-MSC remains unknown. Herein, we further demonstrate that a high-concentration TNF-α treatment triggers enhanced directional migration of AS-MSC in vitro and in vivo, which enforces AS pathogenesis. Mechanistically, TNF-α leads to increased expression of ELMO1 in AS-MSC, which is mediated by a METTL14 dependent m6A modification in ELMO1 3′UTR. Higher ELMO1 expression of AS-MSC is found in vivo in AS patients, and inhibiting ELMO1 in SKG mice produces therapeutic effects in this spondyloarthritis model. This study may provide insight into not only the pathogenesis but also clinical therapy for AS. Abnormal functions of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) contribute into the pathogenensis of ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Here, the authors show that TNF-α at high concentration induces enhances migration of AS-MSC through METTL14 mediated m6A modification of the ELMO1 3′ UTR.
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Kakoki M, Ramanathan PV, Hagaman JR, Grant R, Wilder JC, Taylor JM, Charles Jennette J, Smithies O, Maeda-Smithies N. Cyanocobalamin prevents cardiomyopathy in type 1 diabetes by modulating oxidative stress and DNMT-SOCS1/3-IGF-1 signaling. Commun Biol 2021; 4:775. [PMID: 34163008 PMCID: PMC8222371 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02291-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with long-standing diabetes have a high risk for cardiac complications that is exacerbated by increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. We found that feeding cyanocobalamin (B12), a scavenger of superoxide, not only prevented but reversed signs of cardiomyopathy in type 1 diabetic Elmo1H/H Ins2Akita/+ mice. ROS reductions in plasma and hearts were comparable to those in mice treated with other antioxidants, N-acetyl-L-cysteine or tempol, but B12 produced better cardioprotective effects. Diabetes markedly decreased plasma insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 levels, while B12, but not N-acetyl-L-cysteine nor tempol, restored them. B12 activated hepatic IGF-1 production via normalization of S-adenosylmethionine levels, DNA methyltransferase (DNMT)-1/3a/3b mRNA, and DNA methylation of promoters for suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS)-1/3. Reductions of cardiac IGF-1 mRNA and phosphorylated IGF-1 receptors were also restored. Thus, B12 is a promising option for preventing diabetic cardiomyopathy via ROS reduction and IGF-1 retrieval through DNMT-SOCS1/3 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masao Kakoki
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Purushotham V Ramanathan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - John R Hagaman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ruriko Grant
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jennifer C Wilder
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Joan M Taylor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - J Charles Jennette
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Oliver Smithies
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Nobuyo Maeda-Smithies
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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12
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Omar TA, Zewain SK, Ghonaim MM, Refaat KA, Abou-Elela DH. Role of engulfment and cell motility 1 (ELMO1) gene polymorphism in development of diabetic kidney disease. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43042-021-00167-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a progressive kidney disease that affects diabetic patients irrespective of glycemic state or hypertension. Therefore, early detection of DKD is of critical importance. Many genome-wide association studies have identified the engulfment and cell motility 1 (ELMO1) gene as a genetic marker linked to DKD. This study aimed to investigate the association between ELMO1 rs741301 gene polymorphism and the development of DKD among Egyptian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Allele and genotype frequencies were investigated in 304 subjects by real-time PCR allelic discrimination assay: 100 DKD patients, 102 diabetic patients without DKD, and 102 healthy controls.
Results
GG genotype of ELMO1 (rs741301) SNP and its allele frequencies were significantly high in all diabetic patients. GG genotype had an odds ratio (OR) of 6.095 and 95% confidence interval (CI) of 2.456–15.125, p < 0.001, while the frequent allele G had an OR of 2.366 and 95% CI of 1.450–3.859, p = 0.001. No significant difference was observed between T2DM without DKD and DKD.
Conclusion
Our results could not establish an association between the ELMO1 rs741301 variant and the progression of DKD.
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13
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Woodhams L, Sim TF, Chalmers L, Yeap B, Green D, Schlaich M, Schultz C, Hillis G. Diabetic kidney disease in type 2 diabetes: a review of pathogenic mechanisms, patient-related factors and therapeutic options. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11070. [PMID: 33976959 PMCID: PMC8061574 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The global prevalence of diabetic kidney disease is rapidly accelerating due to an increasing number of people living with type 2 diabetes. It has become a significant global problem, increasing human and financial pressures on already overburdened healthcare systems. Interest in diabetic kidney disease has increased over the last decade and progress has been made in determining the pathogenic mechanisms and patient-related factors involved in the development and pathogenesis of this disease. A greater understanding of these factors will catalyse the development of novel treatments and influence current practice. This review summarises the latest evidence for the factors involved in the development and progression of diabetic kidney disease, which will inform better management strategies targeting such factors to improve therapeutic outcomes in patients living with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Woodhams
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University of Technology, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Tin Fei Sim
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University of Technology, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Leanne Chalmers
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University of Technology, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Bu Yeap
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Daniel Green
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Sciences), The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Markus Schlaich
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Neurovascular Hypertension and Kidney Disease Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Dobney Hypertension Centre, School of Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital Unit/Medical Research Foundation, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Carl Schultz
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Department of Cardiology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Graham Hillis
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Department of Cardiology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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14
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Alzahrani S, Said E, Ajwah SM, Alsharif SY, El-Bayoumi KS, Zaitone SA, Qushawy M, Elsherbiny NM. Isoliquiritigenin attenuates inflammation and modulates Nrf2/caspase-3 signalling in STZ-induced aortic injury. J Pharm Pharmacol 2021; 73:193-205. [PMID: 33793806 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgaa056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The current study provides evidence on the ameliorative impact of Isoliquiritigenin (ISL), a natural bioflavonoid isolated from licorice roots against diabetes mellitus (DM)-induced aortic injury in rats. METHODS DM was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by single I.P. injection of STZ (50 mg/kg). ISL was administrated daily (20 mg/kg, orally) for 8 wks. KEY FINDINGS Diabetic group showed a significant aortic injury with evidence of atherosclerotic lesions development. Daily ISL (20 mg/kg, orally) administration for 8 wks significantly restored aortic oxidative/antioxidative stress homeostasis via modulating NrF-2/Keap-1/HO-1. Moreover, ISL treatment restored aortic levels of IL-10 and dampened aortic levels of IL-6 and TNF-α. Caspase-3 expression significantly declined as well. Further, ISL treatment successfully suppressed aortic endothelin-1 (ET-1) expression and restored NO contents, eNOS immunostaining paralleled with retraction in atherosclerotic lesions development, and lipid deposition with histopathological architectural preservation and restoration of almost normal aortic thickness. CONCLUSION ISL can be proposed to be an effective protective therapy to prevent progression of DM-induced vascular injury and to preserve aortic integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharifa Alzahrani
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman Said
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Sadeem M Ajwah
- PharmD program, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sumayyah Y Alsharif
- PharmD program, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled S El-Bayoumi
- Department of Anatomy, Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Sawsan A Zaitone
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Mona Qushawy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University, Alarish, North Sinai, Egypt.,Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nehal M Elsherbiny
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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15
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Saraf SL, Zhang X, Shah BN, Raslan R, Tayo BO, Lash JP, Franceschini N, Gordeuk VR. Engulfment and cell motility 1 (ELMO1) and apolipoprotein A1 (APOA1) as candidate genes for sickle cell nephropathy. Br J Haematol 2020; 193:628-632. [PMID: 33216373 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.17224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) and apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) G1/G2 variants increase chronic kidney disease (CKD) risk in African Americans by poorly understood mechanisms. We applied bioinformatics to identify new candidate genes associated with SCD-related CKD. An interaction network demonstrated APOA1 connecting haemoglobin subunit β (HBB) and APOL1 with 36 other candidate genes. Gene expression revealed upregulation of engulfment and cell motility 1 (ELMO1) and downregulation of APOA1 in the kidney cortex of SCD versus non-SCD mice. Analysis of candidate genes identified ELMO1 rs10951509 to be associated with albuminuria and APOA1 rs11216132 with haemoglobinuria in patients with SCD. A bioinformatic approach highlights ELMO1 and APOA1 as potentially associated with SCD nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh L Saraf
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Xu Zhang
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Binal N Shah
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rasha Raslan
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Bamidele O Tayo
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - James P Lash
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nora Franceschini
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Victor R Gordeuk
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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16
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Bayoumy NMK, El-Shabrawi MM, Leheta OF, Abo El-Ela AEDM, Omar HH. Association of ELMO1 gene polymorphism and diabetic nephropathy among Egyptian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2020; 36:e3299. [PMID: 32043290 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the most common cause of end stage renal failure or even death among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Genetic predisposition is widely studied among these patients to identify manageable aspects of the disease pathogenesis. This study was carried out to test the association of engulfment and cell motility 1 (ELMO1) gene polymorphism with DN among Egyptians. ELMO1 is required for phagocytosis of apoptotic cells and cell motility. METHODS This case-control study was conducted on type 2 diabetic patients who attended Suez Canal University Hospital, Egypt, between November 2016 and October 2017. Peripheral blood was collected from 200 diabetic patients (without nephropathy), 200 patients with DN, and 100 healthy controls for DNA extraction. The single nucleotide polymorphism of ELMO1 (rs741301) was genotyped using real-time polymerase chain reaction and the allele discrimination technique. RESULTS GG genotype was significantly associated with DN (odds ratio [OR] = 2.7; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.4-5.3) (P = .016). The OR for the high-risk allele (G) was 1.9 with 95% CI from 1.5 to 2.9 (P < .001). CONCLUSION ELMO1 gene (rs741301) polymorphism is a candidate variant in the predisposition to DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nervana M K Bayoumy
- Physiology Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed M El-Shabrawi
- Clinical and Chemical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Ola F Leheta
- Clinical and Chemical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Alaa El-Din M Abo El-Ela
- Clinical and Chemical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Hamdy H Omar
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
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17
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Living on the Edge: Efferocytosis at the Interface of Homeostasis and Pathology. Immunity 2019; 50:1149-1162. [PMID: 31117011 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2019.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Nearly every tissue in the body undergoes routine turnover of cells as part of normal healthy living. The majority of these cells undergoing turnover die via apoptosis, and then are rapidly removed by phagocytes by the process of efferocytosis that is anti-inflammatory. However, a number of pathologies have recently been linked to defective clearance of apoptotic cells. Perturbed clearance arises for many reasons, including overwhelming of the clearance machinery, disruptions at different stages of efferocytosis, and responses of phagocytes during efferocytosis, all of which can alter the homeostatic tissue environment. This review covers linkages of molecules involved in the different phases of efferocytosis to disease pathologies that can arise due to their loss or altered function.
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18
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Kakoki M, Bahnson EM, Hagaman JR, Siletzky RM, Grant R, Kayashima Y, Li F, Lee EY, Sun MT, Taylor JM, Rice JC, Almeida MF, Bahr BA, Jennette JC, Smithies O, Maeda-Smithies N. Engulfment and cell motility protein 1 potentiates diabetic cardiomyopathy via Rac-dependent and Rac-independent ROS production. JCI Insight 2019; 4:127660. [PMID: 31217360 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.127660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Engulfment and cell motility protein 1 (ELMO1) is part of a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate (Rac), and ELMO1 polymorphisms were identified to be associated with diabetic nephropathy in genome-wide association studies. We generated a set of Akita Ins2C96Y diabetic mice having 5 graded cardiac mRNA levels of ELMO1 from 30% to 200% of normal and found that severe dilated cardiomyopathy develops in ELMO1-hypermorphic mice independent of renal function at age 16 weeks, whereas ELMO1-hypomorphic mice were completely protected. As ELMO1 expression increased, reactive oxygen species indicators, dissociation of the intercalated disc, mitochondrial fragmentation/dysfunction, cleaved caspase-3 levels, and actin polymerization increased in hearts from Akita mice. Cardiomyocyte-specific overexpression in otherwise ELMO1-hypomorphic Akita mice was sufficient to promote cardiomyopathy. Cardiac Rac1 activity was positively correlated with the ELMO1 levels, and oral administration of a pan-Rac inhibitor, EHT1864, partially mitigated cardiomyopathy of the ELMO1 hypermorphs. Disrupting Nox4, a Rac-independent NADPH oxidase, also partially mitigated it. In contrast, a pan-NADPH oxidase inhibitor, VAS3947, markedly prevented cardiomyopathy. Our data demonstrate that in diabetes mellitus ELMO1 is the "rate-limiting" factor of reactive oxygen species production via both Rac-dependent and Rac-independent NADPH oxidases, which in turn trigger cellular signaling cascades toward cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masao Kakoki
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Edward M Bahnson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, and Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - John R Hagaman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Robin M Siletzky
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, and Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ruriko Grant
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Yukako Kayashima
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Esther Y Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michelle T Sun
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Joan M Taylor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jessica C Rice
- Biotechnology Research and Training Center, University of North Carolina at Pembroke, Pembroke, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michael F Almeida
- Biotechnology Research and Training Center, University of North Carolina at Pembroke, Pembroke, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ben A Bahr
- Biotechnology Research and Training Center, University of North Carolina at Pembroke, Pembroke, North Carolina, USA
| | - J Charles Jennette
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Oliver Smithies
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Nobuyo Maeda-Smithies
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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19
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Gu HF. Genetic and Epigenetic Studies in Diabetic Kidney Disease. Front Genet 2019; 10:507. [PMID: 31231424 PMCID: PMC6566106 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease is a worldwide health crisis, while diabetic kidney disease (DKD) has become the leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). DKD is a microvascular complication and occurs in 30–40% of diabetes patients. Epidemiological investigations and clinical observations on the familial clustering and heritability in DKD have highlighted an underlying genetic susceptibility. Furthermore, DKD is a progressive and long-term diabetic complication, in which epigenetic effects and environmental factors interact with an individual’s genetic background. In recent years, researchers have undertaken genetic and epigenetic studies of DKD in order to better understand its molecular mechanisms. In this review, clinical material, research approaches and experimental designs that have been used for genetic and epigenetic studies of DKD are described. Current information from genetic and epigenetic studies of DKD and ESRD in patients with diabetes, including the approaches of genome-wide association study (GWAS) or epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) and candidate gene association analyses, are summarized. Further investigation of molecular defects in DKD with new approaches such as next generation sequencing analysis and phenome-wide association study (PheWAS) is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harvest F Gu
- Center for Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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20
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Gupta MK, Vadde R. Identification and characterization of differentially expressed genes in Type 2 Diabetes using in silico approach. Comput Biol Chem 2019; 79:24-35. [PMID: 30708140 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2019.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is clinically characterized by hyperglycemia. Though many studies have been done to understand the mechanism of Type 2 Diabetes (T2D), however, the complete network of diabetes and its associated disorders through polygenic involvement is still under debate. The present study designed to re-analyze publicly available T2D related microarray raw datasets present in GEO database and T2D genes information present in GWAS catalog for screening out differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and identify key hub genes associated with T2D. T2D related microarray data downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and re-analysis performed with in house R packages scripts for background correction, normalization and identification of DEGs in T2D. Also retrieved T2D related DEGs information from GWAS catalog. Both DEGs lists were grouped after removal of overlapping genes. These screened DEGs were utilized further for identification and characterization of key hub genes in T2D and its associated diseases using STRING, WebGestalt and Panther databases. Computational analysis reveal that out of 99 identified key hub gene candidates from 348 DEGs, only four genes (CCL2, ELMO1, VEGFA and TCF7L2) along with FOS playing key role in causing T2D and its associated disorders, like nephropathy, neuropathy, rheumatoid arthritis and cancer via p53 or Wnt signaling pathways. MIR-29, and MAZ_Q6 are identified potential target microRNA and TF along with probable drugs alprostadil, collagenase and dinoprostone for the key hub gene candidates. The results suggest that identified key DEGs may play promising roles in prevention of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa 516003, Andhra Pradesh, India.
| | - Ramakrishna Vadde
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa 516003, Andhra Pradesh, India.
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21
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A noncanonical role for the engulfment gene ELMO1 in neutrophils that promotes inflammatory arthritis. Nat Immunol 2019; 20:141-151. [PMID: 30643265 PMCID: PMC6402828 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-018-0293-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis is characterized by progressive joint inflammation and affects ~1% of the human population. We noted single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the apoptotic cell engulfment genes ELMO1, DOCK2, and RAC1 linked to rheumatoid arthritis. As ELMO1 promotes cytoskeletal reorganization during engulfment, we hypothesized that ELMO1 loss would worsen inflammatory arthritis. Surprisingly, Elmo1-deficient mice showed reduced joint inflammation in acute and chronic arthritis models. Genetic and cell biological studies revealed that ELMO1 associates with receptors linked to neutrophil function in arthritis and regulates activation and early neutrophil recruitment to the joints, without general inhibition of inflammatory responses. Further, neutrophils from peripheral blood of human donors that carry the SNP in ELMO1 associated with arthritis display increased migratory capacity, whereas ELMO1 knockdown reduces human neutrophil migration to chemokines linked to arthritis. These data identify ‘non-canonical’ roles for ELMO1 as an important cytoplasmic regulator of specific neutrophil receptors and promoter of arthritis.
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22
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Yahya MJ, Ismail PB, Nordin NB, Akim ABM, Yusuf WSBM, Adam NLB, Yusoff MJ. Association of CCL2, CCR5, ELMO1, and IL8 Polymorphism with Diabetic Nephropathy in Malaysian Type 2 Diabetic Patients. Int J Chronic Dis 2019; 2019:2053015. [PMID: 30713847 PMCID: PMC6333004 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2053015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The unique variants or biomarkers of individuals help to understand the pathogenesis as well as the potential risk of individuals or patients to diabetic nephropathy (DN). The aim of this study was to investigate the association of a genetic polymorphism of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (CCL2-rs3917887), chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5-rs1799987), engulfment and cell mortality (ELMO1-rs74130), and interleukin-8 (IL8-rs4073) with the development of DN among Malaysian type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. More than one thousand diabetic patients were examined and a total of 652 T2DM patients were tested comprising 227 Malays (nonnephrotic=96 and nephrotic=131), 203 Chinese (nonnephrotic=95 and nephrotic=108), and 222 Indians (nonnephrotic=136 and nephrotic=86). DNA Sequenom mass ARRAY was employed to identify polymorphisms in CCL2, CCR5, ELMO1, and IL8 genes. DNA was extracted from the secondary blood samples taken from the T2DM patients. The alleles and genotypes were tested using four genetic models and the best mode of inheritance was chosen. CCR5 rs1799987 (G>A) showed strong association with the development of diabetic nephropathy only among the Chinese with OR=6.71 (2.55-17.68) 95% CI while IL8 rs4073 (T>A) showed association with nephropathy only among the Indians with OR=1.57 (0.66-3.71) 95% CI. The additive model was the best model for the mode of inheritance of all the genes. The contribution of genetic variants differs across ethnic groups or background. Further studies which involve environmental risk factors should be taken into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Jokha Yahya
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - Patimah binti Ismail
- Department of Human Development and Growth, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - Norshariza binti Nordin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - Abdah binti Md Akim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
| | | | - Noor Lita binti Adam
- Department of Medicine (Endocrinology & Nephrology), Hospital Tuanku Ja'afar, Malaysia
| | - Maryam Jamielah Yusoff
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
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23
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Hou Y, Gao Y, Zhang Y, Lin ST, Yu Y, Yang L. Interaction between ELMO1 gene polymorphisms and environment factors on susceptibility to diabetic nephropathy in Chinese Han population. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2019; 11:97. [PMID: 31798690 PMCID: PMC6882154 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-019-0492-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association of diabetic nephropathy (DN) risk with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within Engulfment and Cell Motility 1 (ELMO1) gene and gene-environment synergistic effect have not been extensively examined in, therefore, the purpose of this study is to explore the association between multiple SNPs in ELMO1 gene, and the relationship between gene-environment synergy effect and the risk of DN. METHODS Genotyping for 4 SNPs was performed with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and following restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) methods. Hardy-Weinberg balance of the control group was tested by SNPstats (online software: http://bioinfo.iconologia.net/snpstats). The best combination of four SNPs of ELMO1 gene and environmental factors was screened by GMDR model. Logistic regression was used to calculating the OR values between different genotypes of ELMO1 gene and DN. RESULTS The rs741301-G allele and the rs10255208-GG genotype were associated with an increased risk of DN risk, adjusted ORs (95% CI) were 1.75 (1.19-2.28) and 1.41 (1.06-1.92), respectively, both p-values were < 0.001. We also found that the others SNPs-rs1345365 and rs7782979 were not significantly associated with susceptibility to DN. GMDR model found a significant gene-alcohol drinking interaction combination (p = 0.0107), but no significant gene-hypertension interaction combinations. Alcohol drinkers with rs741301-AG/GG genotype also have the highest DN risk, compared to never drinkers with rs741301-AA genotype, OR (95% CI) 3.52 (1.93-4.98). CONCLUSIONS The rs741301-G allele and the rs10255208-GG genotype, gene-environment interaction between rs741301 and alcohol drinking were all associated with increased DN risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Hou
- Department of Urology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033 Jilin People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Gao
- Department of Critical Care, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033 Jilin People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033 Jilin People’s Republic of China
| | - Si-Tong Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033 Jilin People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033 Jilin People’s Republic of China
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033 Jilin People’s Republic of China
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Cañadas-Garre M, Anderson K, McGoldrick J, Maxwell AP, McKnight AJ. Genomic approaches in the search for molecular biomarkers in chronic kidney disease. J Transl Med 2018; 16:292. [PMID: 30359254 PMCID: PMC6203198 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-018-1664-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is recognised as a global public health problem, more prevalent in older persons and associated with multiple co-morbidities. Diabetes mellitus and hypertension are common aetiologies for CKD, but IgA glomerulonephritis, membranous glomerulonephritis, lupus nephritis and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease are also common causes of CKD. MAIN BODY Conventional biomarkers for CKD involving the use of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) derived from four variables (serum creatinine, age, gender and ethnicity) are recommended by clinical guidelines for the evaluation, classification, and stratification of CKD. However, these clinical biomarkers present some limitations, especially for early stages of CKD, elderly individuals, extreme body mass index values (serum creatinine), or are influenced by inflammation, steroid treatment and thyroid dysfunction (serum cystatin C). There is therefore a need to identify additional non-invasive biomarkers that are useful in clinical practice to help improve CKD diagnosis, inform prognosis and guide therapeutic management. CONCLUSION CKD is a multifactorial disease with associated genetic and environmental risk factors. Hence, many studies have employed genetic, epigenetic and transcriptomic approaches to identify biomarkers for kidney disease. In this review, we have summarised the most important studies in humans investigating genomic biomarkers for CKD in the last decade. Several genes, including UMOD, SHROOM3 and ELMO1 have been strongly associated with renal diseases, and some of their traits, such as eGFR and serum creatinine. The role of epigenetic and transcriptomic biomarkers in CKD and related diseases is still unclear. The combination of multiple biomarkers into classifiers, including genomic, and/or epigenomic, may give a more complete picture of kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Cañadas-Garre
- Epidemiology and Public Health Research Group, Centre for Public Health, Belfast City Hospital, Queen’s University of Belfast, c/o University Floor, Level A, Tower Block, Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AB Northern Ireland UK
| | - K. Anderson
- Epidemiology and Public Health Research Group, Centre for Public Health, Belfast City Hospital, Queen’s University of Belfast, c/o University Floor, Level A, Tower Block, Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AB Northern Ireland UK
| | - J. McGoldrick
- Epidemiology and Public Health Research Group, Centre for Public Health, Belfast City Hospital, Queen’s University of Belfast, c/o University Floor, Level A, Tower Block, Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AB Northern Ireland UK
| | - A. P. Maxwell
- Epidemiology and Public Health Research Group, Centre for Public Health, Belfast City Hospital, Queen’s University of Belfast, c/o University Floor, Level A, Tower Block, Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AB Northern Ireland UK
- Regional Nephrology Unit, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, UK
| | - A. J. McKnight
- Epidemiology and Public Health Research Group, Centre for Public Health, Belfast City Hospital, Queen’s University of Belfast, c/o University Floor, Level A, Tower Block, Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AB Northern Ireland UK
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Wei L, Xiao Y, Li L, Xiong X, Han Y, Zhu X, Sun L. The Susceptibility Genes in Diabetic Nephropathy. KIDNEY DISEASES 2018; 4:226-237. [PMID: 30574499 DOI: 10.1159/000492633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) poses a severe threat to global public health. Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most common complications of diabetes and the leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Approximately 30-40% of DM patients in the world progress to ESRD, which emphasizes the effect of genetic factors on DN. Family clustering also supports the important role of hereditary factors in DN and ESRD. Therefore, a large number of genetic studies have been carried out to identify susceptibility genes in different diabetic cohorts. Extensive susceptibility genes of DN and ESRD have not been identified until recently. Summary and Key Messages Some of these associated genes function as pivotal regulators in the pathogenesis of DN, such as those related to glycometabolism and lipid metabolism. However, the functions of most of these genes remain unclear. In this article, we review several susceptibility genes according to their genetic functions to make it easier to determine their exact effect on DN and to provide a better understanding of the advancements from genetic studies. However, several challenges associated with investigating the genetic factors of DN still exist. For instance, it is difficult to determine whether these variants affect the expression of the protein they encode or other cytokines. More efforts should be made to determine how these genes influence the progression of DN. In addition, many results could not be replicated among races, suggesting that the association between genetic polymorphisms and DN is race-specific. Therefore, large, well-designed studies involving more relevant variables and ethnic groups and more relevant functional studies are urgently needed. These studies may be beneficial and retard the progression of DN by early intervention, especially for patients who carry certain risk alleles or genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wei
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ying Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaofen Xiong
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yachun Han
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xuejing Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Improvement of vascular dysfunction by argirein through inhibiting endothelial cell apoptosis associated with ET-1/Nox4 signal pathway in diabetic rats. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12620. [PMID: 30135489 PMCID: PMC6105644 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30386-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cell apoptosis plays an important role in the pathophysiological mechanism of vascular complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Argirein, a new synthetic compound was demonstrated to inactivate NADPH oxidase to alleviate cardiac dysfunction in T2DM. Here, we investigated whether argirein medication attenuated the vascular dysfunction in T2DM by inhibiting endothelial cell apoptosis which was associated with NADPH oxidase. The rat aortic endothelial cells (RAECs) were incubated with glucose (30 mM) for 48 hour in vitro. It was shown that high glucose significantly increased the protein expression of BAX (Bcl-2 Associated X protein) and Caspase-3 and decreased Bcl2 (B-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma 2) protein level in RAECs, which was normalized by argirein medication. The annexin V-FITC bound cell percentage and DNA fragments in agarose electrophoresis were markedly suppressed by argirein to confirm the anti-apoptotic property of argirein in RAECs. Furthermore, we found that argirein blocked the endothelin (ET)-1/Nox4 signal-dependent superoxide (O2−.) generation, which regulated endothelial cell apoptosis in RAECs. In vivo, argirein intervention relieved the vasodilatory response to acetylcholine and restored the expressions of Nox4 and BAX in the aorta endothelium of high-fat diet (HFD)-fed rats following streptozocin (STZ) injection. For the first time, we demonstrated that argirein could inhibit vascular endothelial cell apoptosis, which was attributed to blocking ET-1/Nox4 signal-dependent O2− generation in RAECs. This current study revealed the therapeutic effects of argirein to prevent the vascular complication in T2DM through inhibiting endothelial cell apoptosis which was associated with the anti-oxidative property of argirein.
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Turki A, Mzoughi S, Mtitaoui N, Khairallah M, Marmouch H, Hammami S, Mahjoub T, Almawi WY. Gender differences in the association of ELMO1 genetic variants with type 2 diabetes in Tunisian Arabs. J Endocrinol Invest 2018; 41:285-291. [PMID: 28752301 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-017-0734-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Polymorphisms of the engulfment and cell motility 1 (ELMO1) gene were recently associated with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and its complications. We investigated the association of rs10255208, rs7782979, and rs2041801 ELMO1 gene variants with T2DM in Tunisian Arabs. METHODS Subjects comprised 900 T2DM patients and 600 normoglycemic controls. ELMO1 genotyping was done by PCR-RFLP; the contribution of ELMO1 variants to T2DM was analyzed by Haploview and regression analysis. RESULTS Minor allele frequencies of rs7782979 and rs10255208 ELMO1 variants were significantly higher among unselected T2DM cases than controls, and significant differences in the distribution of rs7782979 genotypes were seen between T2DM cases and control subjects, which was seen in male but not female subjects. Three-locus ELMO1 haplotype analysis identified haplotype GAA to be positively associated, and haplotypes GCA, AAA, and GCG to be negatively associated with T2DM. The distribution of these haplotypes was gender-dependent for some (GCA, GCG, AAG), and gender-independent for others (GAA, AAA). This translated into altered risk of T2DM in male or female subjects, which persisted after adjusting for BMI, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and serum lipid profile. CONCLUSION These results confirm role for ELMO1 as T2DM susceptibility locus, which appears to be gender-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Turki
- Research Laboratory of Human Genome and Multifactorial Diseases, Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - S Mzoughi
- Research Laboratory of Human Genome and Multifactorial Diseases, Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - N Mtitaoui
- Research Laboratory of Human Genome and Multifactorial Diseases, Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
- Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - M Khairallah
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - H Marmouch
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - S Hammami
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - T Mahjoub
- Research Laboratory of Human Genome and Multifactorial Diseases, Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - W Y Almawi
- Faculty of Sciences, El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia.
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Goli F, Karimi J, Khodadadi I, Tayebinia H, Kheiripour N, Hashemnia M, Rahimi R. Silymarin Attenuates ELMO-1 and KIM-1 Expression and Oxidative Stress in the Kidney of Rats with Type 2 Diabetes. Indian J Clin Biochem 2018; 34:172-179. [PMID: 31092990 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-018-0735-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic diabetes mellitus is accompanied with overexpression of ELMO1 and KIM1 and enhanced oxidative stress. This study was aimed to evaluate the effects of administration of silymarin on oxidative stress markers and ELMO1 and KIM1 expression in the kidney tissue of type 2 diabetic rats. In this experimental study, 36 male Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups: Control, silymarin-treated control (60 and 120 mg/kg/day), diabetic, and silymarin-treated diabetic groups (60 and 120 mg/kg/day). Tissue levels of oxidative stress and biochemical parameters were measured by spectrophotometric methods. Lipid peroxidation levels in the kidney tissue were measured by fluorometric method. Insulin was determined using immunoassay. Gene expression analysis was determined by qPCR technique. The level of expression of ELMO1 and KIM1 in the diabetic groups treated with silymarin was significantly reduced (P < 0.001). Total antioxidant levels and thiol groups contents increased (P < 0.001) dramatically in treated groups. A significant decrease in tissue levels of malondialdehyde and total oxidant were observed in the silymarin treated diabetic rats (P < 0.001). The results showed that the urinary amount of protein in the treatment groups was significantly lower than of diabetic control (P < 0.001). These results indicate that silymarin has a blood glucose lowering effect and, due to its antioxidant properties, increases the antioxidant parameters and reduces the oxidant markers. The administration of silymarin has beneficial effects on kidney of diabetic rats with reduction of ELMO1 and KIM1expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Goli
- 1Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Jamshid Karimi
- 1Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Iraj Khodadadi
- 1Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Heidar Tayebinia
- 1Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Nejat Kheiripour
- 1Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hashemnia
- 2Departments of Pathobiology, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Rahimeh Rahimi
- 1Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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29
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Weissert R. Adaptive Immunity Is the Key to the Understanding of Autoimmune and Paraneoplastic Inflammatory Central Nervous System Disorders. Front Immunol 2017; 8:336. [PMID: 28386263 PMCID: PMC5362596 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
There are common aspects and mechanisms between different types of autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSDs), and autoimmune encephalitis (AE) as well as paraneoplastic inflammatory disorders of the central nervous system. To our present knowledge, depending on the disease, T and B cells as well as antibodies contribute to various aspects of the pathogenesis. Possibly the events leading to the breaking of tolerance between the different diseases are of great similarity and so far, only partially understood. Beside endogenous factors (genetics, genomics, epigenetics, malignancy) also exogenous factors (vitamin D, sun light exposure, smoking, gut microbiome, viral infections) contribute to susceptibility in such diseases. What differs between these disorders are the target molecules of the immune attack. For T cells, these target molecules are presented on major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules as MHC-bound ligands. B cells have an important role by amplifying the immune response of T cells by capturing antigen with their surface immunoglobulin and presenting it to T cells. Antibodies secreted by plasma cells that have differentiated from B cells are highly structure specific and can have important effector functions leading to functional impairment or/and lesion evolvement. In MS, the target molecules are mainly myelin- and neuron/axon-derived proteins; in NMOSD, mainly aquaporin-4 expressed on astrocytes; and in AE, various proteins that are expressed by neurons and axons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Weissert
- Department of Neurology, Neuroimmunology, University of Regensburg , Regensburg , Germany
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30
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Sharma KR, Heckler K, Stoll SJ, Hillebrands JL, Kynast K, Herpel E, Porubsky S, Elger M, Hadaschik B, Bieback K, Hammes HP, Nawroth PP, Kroll J. ELMO1 protects renal structure and ultrafiltration in kidney development and under diabetic conditions. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37172. [PMID: 27849017 PMCID: PMC5111104 DOI: 10.1038/srep37172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Engulfment and cell motility 1 (ELMO1) functions as a guanine exchange factor for Rac1 and was recently found to protect endothelial cells from apoptosis. Genome wide association studies suggest that polymorphisms within human elmo1 act as a potential contributing factor for the development of diabetic nephropathy. Yet, the function of ELMO1 with respect to the glomerulus and how this protein contributes to renal pathology was unknown. Thus, this study aimed to identify the role played by ELMO1 in renal development in zebrafish, under hyperglycaemic conditions, and in diabetic nephropathy patients. In zebrafish, hyperglycaemia did not alter renal ELMO1 expression. However, hyperglycaemia leads to pathophysiological and functional alterations within the pronephros, which could be rescued via ELMO1 overexpression. Zebrafish ELMO1 crispants exhibited a renal pathophysiology due to increased apoptosis which could be rescued by the inhibition of apoptosis. In human samples, immunohistochemical staining of ELMO1 in nondiabetic, diabetic and polycystic kidneys localized ELMO1 in glomerular podocytes and in the tubules. However, ELMO1 was not specifically or distinctly regulated under either one of the disease conditions. Collectively, these results highlight ELMO1 as an important factor for glomerular protection and renal cell survival via decreasing apoptosis, especially under diabetic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Rakesh Sharma
- Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis, Center for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim (CBTM), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Karl Heckler
- Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis, Center for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim (CBTM), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sandra J Stoll
- Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis, Center for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim (CBTM), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan-Luuk Hillebrands
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Division of Pathology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Katharina Kynast
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Esther Herpel
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,Tissue Bank of the National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Porubsky
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Marlies Elger
- Institue of Neuroanatomy, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Boris Hadaschik
- Department of Urology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Karen Bieback
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology and FlowCore Manneim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Hammes
- Fifth Medical Department, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Peter P Nawroth
- Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jens Kroll
- Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis, Center for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim (CBTM), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), Heidelberg, Germany
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Tristetraprolin as a Therapeutic Target in Inflammatory Disease. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2016; 37:811-821. [PMID: 27503556 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Members of the tristetraprolin (TTP) family of RNA-binding proteins are found in all major eukaryotic groups. TTP family members, from plants through humans, can bind adenosine-uridine rich elements in target mRNAs with high affinity. In mammalian cells, these proteins then promote deadenylation and decay of target transcripts. Four such proteins are found in mice, of which the best studied is TTP. When the gene encoding TTP is disrupted in mice, the animals develop a severe syndrome of arthritis, autoimmunity, cachexia, dermatitis, and myeloid hyperplasia. Conversely, recent overexpression studies have demonstrated protection against several experimental models of immune inflammatory disease. This endogenous anti-inflammatory protein could serve as the basis for novel approaches to therapy of similar conditions in humans.
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